Water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for multiple cropping of leguminous green manure after wheat harvesting

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wheat planting. The invention provides a water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for multiple cropping of leguminous green manure after wheat harvesting. The water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method comprises the following steps: (1) ploughing and preparing land after wheat harvesting; (2) sowing green manure crops in the leveled land, and performing green manure daily moisture management; (3) in mid-to-late October, the green manure crops are subjected to field returning treatment, and irrigation is performed after field returning treatment; (4) sowing spring wheat in mid-to-late March of the next year, and performing daily wheat management; and (5) harvesting wheat in mid-to-late July, and repeating the steps (1)-(4) to realize wheat-green manure circular planting. According to the method, wheat, common vetch, vicia villosa and other green manure crops are subjected to crop rotation, the water demand of wheat is effectively reduced, the content of organic matter in soil can be effectively supplemented after the green manure crops are returned to the field, and the use amount of chemical fertilizer in the follow-up planting process is reduced. The yield and the quality of the wheat are ensured under the condition of reducing the water content and the use amount of the fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wheat planting, in particular to a water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for replanting leguminous green manure after wheat harvest. Background Art

[0002] The Hexi Corridor's irrigated agricultural region has a continental arid climate with an annual rainfall of approximately 200 millimeters. Irrigation water is derived from snowmelt from the Qilian Mountains. As a historic irrigated agricultural region, it has developed an agricultural distribution pattern centered on oases.

[0003] Agricultural development in continental arid climates is constrained by water shortages. Rising mountain snowlines and shrinking oasis vegetation threaten the sustainability of irrigation systems. Wheat is a water-intensive crop, requiring approximately 260 to 400 cubic meters per mu (approximately 260 to 400 cubic meters) of water per mu (approximately 260 to 400 mm) of water over its entire growing season. This translates to 400 to 600 mm of precipitation, far exceeding the average annual precipitation in continental arid climates. Furthermore, wheat's water requirements are influenced by multiple factors, including yield level, growth stage, and climatic conditions, with demand being particularly high in the middle and late stages of the growing season.

[0004] At the same time, wheat also has a high demand for nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer plays a vital role in the growth process of wheat, especially in the seedling, tillering and heading stages. Nitrogen fertilizer can promote the development of wheat roots, the growth and tillering of stems and leaves, enhance photosynthesis, and increase dry matter accumulation, thereby affecting the number of grains per ear and grain weight. The nitrogen application rate generally exceeds 15kg / mu (pure). Long-term use of chemical fertilizers and continuous planting of wheat have caused the soil organic matter content to decrease at a rate of 0.03% per year.

[0005] While traditional measures such as limiting land reclamation and promoting water-saving irrigation can alleviate ecological pressure to a certain extent, they still face challenges such as water shortages and soil degradation caused by the long-term use of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, developing a water- and fertilizer-saving wheat cultivation method suitable for continental arid climates is particularly important. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for replanting leguminous green manure after wheat harvest. By rotating wheat with green manure crops such as arrow pea and hairy vetch, the water demand of wheat is effectively reduced. After the green manure crops are returned to the field, the organic matter content in the soil can be effectively supplemented, thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers in the subsequent planting process.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for replanting leguminous green manure after wheat harvest, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Plowing and preparing the land after wheat harvest;

[0010] (2) Sowing green manure crops on the leveled land and carrying out daily water management of green manure;

[0011] (3) In mid-to-late October, return the green manure crops to the fields and irrigate them after returning them to the fields;

[0012] (4) Sow spring wheat in mid-to-late March of the following year and carry out daily wheat management;

[0013] (5) Harvest wheat in mid-to-late July and repeat steps (1) to (4) to achieve a wheat-green manure cycle.

[0014] Preferably, the tillage depth in step (1) is 15 to 20 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the green manure crop in step (2) is pea or vetch;

[0016] The sowing amount of the arrow pea is 12-14 kg / mu;

[0017] The sowing amount of the hairy vetch is 1.2-1.5 kg / mu.

[0018] Preferably, the method for daily water management of the green manure in step (2) is: irrigate with 50 to 60 mm of water during the seedling stage of the green manure, and irrigate with 55 to 65 mm of water during the budding stage.

[0019] Preferably, the period of returning the green manure to the field in step (3) is the peak flowering period of the green manure, and the standard of the peak flowering period is that the flowering amount reaches more than 85%.

[0020] Preferably, the amount of green manure returned to the field during the returning treatment in step (3) is 1500 to 1700 kg / mu.

[0021] Preferably, in step (3), during the field return treatment, a composite bacterial agent is applied at a standard of 60 to 80 g / mu, and the agent is sprayed with water;

[0022] The effective viable bacteria count in the composite bacterial agent is 2.2 to 2.4×10 11 cfu / g, the composite bacterial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus;

[0023] The ratio of the effective live bacteria counts of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus is 8-12:5-7:5-7.

[0024] Preferably, the amount of water used in the irrigation in step (3) is 105 to 115 mm.

[0025] Preferably, the sowing rate of the spring wheat in step (4) is 32-34 kg / mu.

[0026] Preferably, the daily management of wheat in step (4) includes wheat water management and wheat fertilizer management;

[0027] The water management method is as follows: irrigate with 65-70 mm of water during the wheat seedling stage, 80-85 mm of water during the wheat heading stage, and 70-80 mm of water during the wheat filling stage;

[0028] The wheat fertilizer management method is as follows: 15-16 kg / mu of urea is applied when wheat is sown, and 3.1-3.3 kg / mu of heavy superphosphate and 2.4-2.6 kg / mu of potassium chloride are applied when wheat is irrigated at the seedling stage.

[0029] The present invention provides a water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for replanting leguminous green manure after wheat harvest, comprising the following steps: (1) plowing and preparing the land after wheat harvest; (2) sowing green manure crops in the leveled land and performing daily water management of the green manure; (3) returning the green manure crops to the field in mid-to-late October and irrigating the field after the returning treatment; (4) sowing spring wheat in mid-to-late March of the following year and performing daily wheat management; (5) harvesting wheat in mid-to-late July, and repeating steps (1) to (4) to achieve wheat-green manure cycle planting. The present invention effectively reduces the water demand of wheat by rotating wheat with green manure crops such as pea and vetch. After the green manure crops are returned to the field, the organic matter content in the soil can be effectively supplemented, thereby reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer used in the subsequent planting process. The yield and quality of wheat are guaranteed while reducing the amount of water and fertilizer used. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention provides a water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for replanting leguminous green manure after wheat harvest, comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) Plowing and preparing the land after wheat harvest;

[0032] (2) Sowing green manure crops on the leveled land and carrying out daily water management of green manure;

[0033] (3) In mid-to-late October, return the green manure crops to the fields and irrigate them after returning them to the fields;

[0034] (4) Sow spring wheat in mid-to-late March of the following year and carry out daily wheat management;

[0035] (5) Harvest wheat in mid-to-late July and repeat steps (1) to (4) to achieve a wheat-green manure cycle.

[0036] In the present invention, the tillage depth in step (1) is preferably 15 to 20 cm, more preferably 17 to 18 cm.

[0037] In the present invention, the type of green manure crop in step (2) is preferably arrow pea or hairy vetch;

[0038] The sowing rate of the arrow pea is preferably 12-14 kg / mu, more preferably 13 kg / mu;

[0039] The sowing rate of hairy vetch is preferably 1.2-1.5 kg / mu, more preferably 1.3-1.4 kg / mu.

[0040] In the present invention, the method of daily water management of green manure in step (2) is preferably: irrigating 50-60 mm of water during the seedling stage of green manure and irrigating 55-65 mm of water during the budding stage, and further preferably: irrigating 55 mm of water during the seedling stage of green manure and irrigating 60 mm of water during the budding stage.

[0041] In the present invention, the period of returning the manure to the field in step (3) is preferably the peak flowering period of the green manure, and the standard of the peak flowering period is preferably when the flowering amount reaches more than 85%, and more preferably when the flowering amount reaches more than 90%.

[0042] In the present invention, the amount of green manure returned to the field during the returning treatment in step (3) is preferably 1500-1700 kg / mu, more preferably 1600 kg / mu.

[0043] In the present invention, in the step (3), during the field return treatment, the composite bacterial agent is preferably applied at a rate of 60 to 80 g / mu, more preferably 70 g / mu, and is sprayed with water;

[0044] The effective viable bacteria count of the composite bacterial agent is preferably 2.2 to 2.4×10 11 cfu / g, more preferably 2.3×10 11 cfu / g, the composite bacterial agent preferably includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus;

[0045] The ratio of the effective viable counts of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus is preferably 8-12:5-7:5-7, and more preferably 10:6:6.

[0046] In the present invention, the irrigation water volume during the irrigation in step (3) is preferably 105-115 mm, more preferably 110 mm.

[0047] In the present invention, the sowing rate of the spring wheat in step (4) is preferably 32-34 kg / mu, more preferably 33 kg / mu.

[0048] In the present invention, the daily management of wheat in step (4) includes wheat water management and wheat fertilizer management;

[0049] The water management method is preferably: irrigate 65-70 mm of water during the wheat seedling stage, 80-85 mm of water during the wheat heading stage, and 70-80 mm of water during the wheat filling stage. It is further preferably: irrigate 67-68 mm of water during the wheat seedling stage, 82-83 mm of water during the wheat heading stage, and 75 mm of water during the wheat filling stage.

[0050] The method for wheat fertilizer management is preferably as follows: applying 15-16 kg / mu of urea when sowing wheat, and applying 3.1-3.3 kg / mu of heavy superphosphate and 2.4-2.6 kg / mu of potassium chloride when irrigating the wheat seedlings. It is further preferably as follows: applying 15.5 kg / mu of urea when sowing wheat, and applying 3.2 kg / mu of heavy superphosphate and 2.5 kg / mu of potassium chloride when irrigating the wheat seedlings.

[0051] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for replanting leguminous green manure after wheat harvest comprises the following steps:

[0054] (1) After wheat harvest, the land was plowed to a depth of 20 cm and the land was prepared;

[0055] (2) Sowing the green manure crop of pea at a rate of 12 kg / mu on the leveled land, followed by irrigation with 60 mm of water at the seedling stage and 55 mm of water at the budding stage;

[0056] (3) In mid-to-late October, when the flowering rate of green manure crops reaches more than 85%, the green manure crops and the compound microbial agent are returned to the field at a rate of 1700 kg / mu for green manure crops and 60 g / mu for compound microbial agent. After the return treatment, irrigation is carried out at a rate of 115 mm.

[0057] (4) Spring wheat was sown in mid-to-late March of the following year at a standard of 34 kg / mu. After sowing, irrigate with 65 mm of water during the seedling stage, 80 mm of water during the heading stage, and 80 mm of water during the grain filling stage.

[0058] Apply urea at a rate of 15 kg / mu when sowing wheat, and apply 3.1 kg / mu of heavy superphosphate and 2.6 kg / mu of potassium chloride when irrigating wheat seedlings;

[0059] (5) Harvest wheat in mid-to-late July and repeat steps (1) to (4) to achieve a wheat-green manure cycle.

[0060] Note: The effective viable bacteria count in the composite bacterial agent is 2.2×10 11 cfu / g, the composite bacterial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus;

[0061] The ratio of the effective live bacteria counts of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus is 12:5:5.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] A water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for replanting leguminous green manure after wheat harvest comprises the following steps:

[0064] (1) After wheat harvest, the land was plowed to a depth of 15 cm and the land was prepared;

[0065] (2) Sowing the green manure crop of hairy vetch at a standard of 1.5 kg / mu in the leveled land, and then irrigating the green manure crop with 50 mm of water during the seedling stage and 65 mm of water during the budding stage;

[0066] (3) In mid-to-late October, when the flowering rate of green manure crops reaches more than 85%, the green manure crops and the compound microbial agent are returned to the field at a rate of 1500 kg / mu for green manure crops and 80 g / mu for compound microbial agent. After the return to the field, irrigation is carried out at a rate of 105 mm.

[0067] (4) In mid-to-late March of the following year, spring wheat was sown at a standard of 32 kg / mu. After sowing, irrigate with 70 mm of water during the seedling stage, 85 mm of water during the heading stage, and 70 mm of water during the grain filling stage.

[0068] Apply urea at a rate of 16 kg / mu when sowing wheat, and apply 3.3 kg / mu of heavy superphosphate and 2.4 kg / mu of potassium chloride when irrigating wheat seedlings;

[0069] (5) Harvest wheat in mid-to-late July and repeat steps (1) to (4) to achieve a wheat-green manure cycle.

[0070] Note: The effective viable count of bacteria in the composite bacterial agent is 2.4×10 11 cfu / g, the composite bacterial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus;

[0071] The ratio of the effective live bacteria counts of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus is 8:7:7.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] A water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for replanting leguminous green manure after wheat harvest comprises the following steps:

[0074] (1) After wheat harvest, the land was plowed to a depth of 18 cm and the land was prepared;

[0075] (2) Sowing the green manure crop of pea at a rate of 14 kg / mu on the leveled land, followed by irrigation with 55 mm of water at the seedling stage and 60 mm of water at the budding stage;

[0076] (3) In mid-to-late October, when the flowering rate of green manure crops reaches more than 85%, the green manure crops and the compound microbial agent are returned to the field at a rate of 1600 kg / mu for green manure crops and 70 g / mu for compound microbial agent. After the return to the field, irrigation is carried out at a rate of 110 mm.

[0077] (4) Spring wheat was sown in mid-to-late March of the following year at a standard of 33 kg / mu. After sowing, irrigate with 68 mm of water during the seedling stage, 82 mm of water during the heading stage, and 75 mm of water during the grain filling stage.

[0078] Apply urea at a rate of 15.5 kg / mu when sowing wheat, and apply 3.2 kg / mu of heavy superphosphate and 2.5 kg / mu of potassium chloride when irrigating wheat seedlings;

[0079] (5) Harvest wheat in mid-to-late July and repeat steps (1) to (4) to achieve a wheat-green manure cycle.

[0080] Note: The effective viable count of bacteria in the composite bacterial agent is 2.3×10 11 cfu / g, the composite bacterial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus;

[0081] The ratio of the effective live bacteria counts of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus is 10:6:6.

[0082] Comparative Example

[0083] The conventional wheat planting method comprises the following steps:

[0084] (1) After wheat harvest, the land was plowed to a depth of 18 cm and the land was prepared;

[0085] (2) Irrigate the land once before winter with a water volume of 120 mm;

[0086] (4) In mid-to-late March of the following year, spring wheat was sown at a standard of 33 kg / mu. After sowing, 90 mm of water was irrigated during the seedling stage, 110 mm of water was irrigated during the heading stage, and 90 mm of water was irrigated during the grain filling stage.

[0087] Apply urea at a rate of 19 kg / mu when sowing wheat, and apply 3.2 kg / mu of heavy superphosphate and 2.5 kg / mu of potassium chloride when irrigating wheat seedlings;

[0088] (5) Wheat is harvested in mid-to-late July.

[0089] Test example

[0090] A wheat planting experiment was conducted in Wuwei City, Gansu Province from 2021 to 2024. A 48-mu experimental field was selected and divided into four planting areas, each covering 12 mu.

[0091] The plants were numbered as experimental groups 1 and 2 and a control group. Experimental group 1 was planted according to the scheme of Example 1; experimental group 2 was planted according to the scheme of Example 2; experimental group 3 was planted according to the scheme of Example 3; and the control group was planted according to the scheme of the comparative example. Planting was continued for three years, and the average annual yield per mu during the three-year planting period was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0092] Group Experimental group 1 Experimental Group 2 Experimental Group 3 control group Average yield per mu (kg / year) 618.2 608.8 615.6 609.7

[0093] Conclusion: The planting method of this invention can effectively reduce wheat's water requirement and fertilizer usage during wheat cultivation. With reduced water and fertilizer usage, the yield approaches or even exceeds the per-acre yield of conventional planting methods. Besides returning the green manure to the fields, it can also be used as feed, providing additional income during the wheat planting period.

[0094] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for replanting leguminous green manure after wheat harvest, comprising the following steps: (1) plowing and preparing the land after wheat harvest; (2) sowing green manure crops in the leveled land and performing daily water management of green manure; (3) returning the green manure crops to the field in mid-to-late October and irrigating after the returning to the field; (4) sowing spring wheat in mid-to-late March of the following year and performing daily wheat management; (5) harvesting wheat in mid-to-late July and repeating steps (1) to (4) to achieve wheat-green manure cycle planting. The present invention effectively reduces the water demand of wheat by rotating wheat with green manure crops such as arrow pea and hairy vetch. After returning the green manure crops to the field, the organic matter content in the soil can be effectively supplemented, thereby reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer used in the subsequent planting process. The yield and quality of wheat are guaranteed while reducing the amount of water and fertilizer used.

[0095] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-saving and fertilizer-saving planting method for replanting leguminous green manure after wheat harvest, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Plowing and preparing the land after wheat harvest; (2) Sowing green manure crops on the leveled land and carrying out daily water management of green manure; (3) In mid-to-late October, return the green manure crops to the fields and irrigate them after returning them to the fields; (4) Sow spring wheat in mid-to-late March of the following year and carry out daily wheat management; (5) Harvest wheat in mid-to-late July and repeat steps (1) to (4) to achieve a wheat-green manure cycle.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that The tillage depth in step (1) is 15 to 20 cm.

3. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The green manure crop in step (2) is pea or vetch; The sowing amount of the arrow pea is 12-14 kg / mu; The sowing amount of the hairy vetch is 1.2-1.5 kg / mu.

4. The planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for daily water management of the green manure in step (2) is: irrigate with 50 to 60 mm of water during the seedling stage of the green manure and irrigate with 55 to 65 mm of water during the budding stage.

5. The planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The period of returning the green manure to the field in step (3) is the peak flowering period of the green manure, and the standard of the peak flowering period is that the flowering amount reaches more than 85%.

6. The planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the returning-to-field treatment in step (3), the amount of green manure returned to the field is 1500-1700 kg / mu.

7. The planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (3), during the field return treatment, the composite bacterial agent is applied at a standard of 60 to 80 g / mu, and the application is sprayed with water; The effective viable bacteria count in the composite bacterial agent is 2.2 to 2.4×10 11 cfu / g, the composite bacterial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus; The ratio of the effective live bacteria counts of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus is 8-12:5-7:5-7.

8. The planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The amount of water used in the irrigation step (3) is 105-115 mm.

9. The planting method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sowing rate of the spring wheat in step (4) is 32-34 kg / mu.

10. The planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The daily management of wheat in step (4) includes wheat water management and wheat fertilizer management; The water management method is as follows: irrigate with 65-70 mm of water during the wheat seedling stage, 80-85 mm of water during the wheat heading stage, and 70-80 mm of water during the wheat filling stage; The wheat fertilizer management method is as follows: 15-16 kg / mu of urea is applied when wheat is sown, and 3.1-3.3 kg / mu of heavy superphosphate and 2.4-2.6 kg / mu of potassium chloride are applied when wheat is irrigated at the seedling stage.