Organic matrix as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic matrix and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and the preparation method of the organic matrix comprises the following steps: piling mixed materials to form a pile material, when the temperature of the pile material rises to a target temperature, maintaining for 48-72 hours, and turning the pile to obtain the organic matrix; the target temperature is 60-68 DEG C; the turning frequency is greater than or equal to 3 times; the mixed material comprises a base material, mushroom bran and water; the mushroom bran contains a microbial agent with a tolerable temperature greater than or equal to a target temperature. According to the method, germs and eggs in the substrate are killed through high temperature generated by fermentation, probiotics are cultured in a spreading mode in the natural fermentation process, and the mass of the substrate can be increased by 15%-25% after each time of preparation is completed; when the recycled organic substrate is adopted as the substrate, after each crop is harvested, the organic substrate is recycled, recycling of the organic substrate is achieved, and the organic substrate does not need to use pesticides and chemical fertilizers and has wide application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to an organic matrix and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Organic substrates are the foundational materials for crop growth and play a vital role in their development. As the agricultural and horticultural industries increase their demands for a growing environment, traditional organic substrates have several drawbacks, such as poor water retention, insufficient nutrient supply, poor aeration, incomplete or irrational nutrient composition, and excessive heavy metal content. These factors hinder seed germination and seedling growth by preventing them from providing adequate nutrients. These factors contribute to suboptimal crop growth.

[0003] Traditional organic substrates often carry large numbers of insect eggs and pathogens. These pests can multiply under favorable conditions, causing various pest and disease problems. For example, hatched larvae from the eggs will gnaw on plant roots and seedlings, affecting the plant's absorption of water and nutrients. Pathogens can infect plants, causing disease symptoms such as yellowing, wilting, and rotting of leaves, and in severe cases, even death. Currently, most organic substrates on the market are treated with physical or chemical disinfection methods, but these methods have limitations. For example, chemical disinfection can cause environmental pollution and pesticide residues, and physical treatment is less efficient.

[0004] CN106588413A discloses an organic ecological leafy vegetable matrix prepared based on mushroom residue and its preparation method. The microbial agent used is EM microbial agent, but the source or composition of the EM microbial agent is not disclosed. The compost is turned when the fermentation temperature reaches above 60°C, and the actual fermentation temperature is lower than 60°C; CN117581767A discloses an organic seedling matrix fermented from pine cone residue, which is fermented at around 55°C.

[0005] Prior art has not considered the possibility of fully killing pathogens and insect eggs through natural fermentation during the processing of organic substrates. This is due to, on the one hand, the inappropriate selection of organic substrate ingredients or the addition of microbial agents during current processing, which prevents the fermentation process from reaching high temperatures, generally below 60°C. On the other hand, it is generally believed that excessively high fermentation temperatures during substrate processing will reduce the abundance and activity of probiotics, leading to substrate physical and chemical properties that are unsuitable for crop cultivation (e.g., substrate mineralization, compaction, and excessively high electrical conductivity). Consequently, compost turning is performed before the temperature and time required to fully kill pathogens and insect eggs are reached. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a method for preparing an organic matrix that can fully kill pathogens and insect eggs through natural fermentation. The organic matrix treated by this method does not require conventional physical or chemical disinfection methods to disinfect pathogens and insect eggs during use, and the resulting organic matrix can have a mass increase of 15-25% compared to the matrix before treatment. Furthermore, the present application also provides the organic matrix prepared by this method and its application.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing an organic matrix, comprising the following steps:

[0008] The mixed materials are piled to form a pile, and when the pile temperature rises to the target temperature, it is maintained for 48 to 72 hours, and the pile is turned to obtain an organic matrix; the target temperature is 60 to 68°C;

[0009] The number of times of turning the pile is ≥3 times;

[0010] The mixed material comprises base material, fungus dregs and water;

[0011] The fungus sludge contains a bacterial agent with a tolerance temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature, and the bacterial agent includes at least one of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, sulfiding bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizopus, mucor, rhizosphere fungi, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma.

[0012] As an embodiment of the present application, the target temperature is 64°C to 66°C.

[0013] As an implementation scheme of the present application, the holding time is 54 to 60 hours.

[0014] As an embodiment of the present application, the preparation method of the mushroom bran contained in the mixed material is: uniformly mix the bacterial agent and the activation base material, add sugar water, activate, and obtain the mushroom bran.

[0015] As an embodiment of the present application, the base material contained in the mixed material includes a matrix, an organic raw material and a mineral raw material, and their mass ratio is matrix: organic raw material: mineral raw material = (60-150): (16-36): (0-2);

[0016] As an embodiment of the present application, the mass percentage of water in the mixed material is 45-65%.

[0017] As an embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, the activated base material, and the sugar water is (1-5): (20-100): (10-50).

[0018] As an embodiment of the present application, the activated base material includes at least one of rice bran, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, wood ash, and bean curd skin.

[0019] As an embodiment of the present application, the mass percentage of sugar in the sugar water is 1 to 50%.

[0020] As an embodiment of the present application, the activation temperature is 25 to 37° C., and the activation time is 2 to 10 hours.

[0021] As an embodiment of the present application, the bacterial agent includes nitrifying bacteria, sulfiding bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, and their mass ratio is nitrifying bacteria: sulfiding bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: rhizosphere bacteria: Bacillus subtilis = 1: (0.2~0.6): (0.4~0.8): (0.5~1.5): (0.5~1.5): (1.5~2).

[0022] As an embodiment of the present application, the moisture content of the mixed material is 45-65%.

[0023] As an embodiment of the present application, the substrate includes at least one of peat soil and recycled organic substrate.

[0024] As an embodiment of the present application, the organic raw material includes at least one of a carbon source and a nitrogen source;

[0025] The carbon source comprises at least one of straw, sawdust, coconut bran, bran, rice husk, activated carbon, starch, glucose, molasses, lignin, and cellulose;

[0026] The nitrogen source includes at least one of urea, soybean meal, peanut cake, fish meal, blood meal, peptone, beef extract, and yeast extract.

[0027] As an embodiment of the present application, the organic raw material includes a carbon source and a nitrogen source, and their mass ratio is carbon source:nitrogen source=(15-30):(1-6).

[0028] As an embodiment of the present application, the mineral raw materials include at least one of perlite, yellow phosphorus slag, phosphorus tailings, olivine, zeolite, calcined shell powder, attapulgite, medical stone, and dolomite.

[0029] As an implementation scheme of the present application, the mass ratio of the base material to the mushroom bran is 1: (0.005-0.01).

[0030] The second aspect of the present application provides an organic matrix prepared using the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0031] A third aspect of the present application provides a use of an organic substrate in crop seedling raising and / or crop cultivation.

[0032] As an embodiment of the present application, the crops include at least one of vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines, and fruits.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] (1) The present application studies and analyzes the selection and component ratio of the base material and the fungus bran in the mixed material. By using the matrix, organic raw materials and mineral raw materials with a mass ratio of (60-150): (16-36): (0-2) as the base material, the carbon-nitrogen ratio balance in the organic matrix can be maintained, making it easier for the pile to heat up and ferment. Combined with the selected fungus bran, the heat generated by the fermentation can not only reach the target temperature (60-68°C), reaching the disinfecting temperature for pathogens and insect eggs, but also maintain the target temperature for a longer time. In the present application, since the mushroom bran contains a bacterial agent that can tolerate a temperature greater than 60-68°C, and the base material with the component ratio does not cause the matrix to become compacted or mineralized during the fermentation process, thereby preventing the physical and chemical properties of the matrix from being unsuitable for crop cultivation, the probiotics can be expanded and enriched during the natural fermentation process under the conditions described in the present application, thereby ensuring the abundance of probiotics in the organic matrix. The probiotics can further decompose harmful substances in the organic matrix, destroy the physical structure of the matrix, organic raw materials and mineral raw materials in the base material, decompose the matrix, organic raw materials and mineral raw materials into finer particles, decompose organic matter into carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia and small molecule metabolites, and overflow carbon dioxide, water vapor and ammonia, resulting in the formation of more pores in the organic matrix, thereby increasing the porosity of the organic matrix and making the organic matrix more fluffy, forming loose and homogeneous humus. The maturity of the organic matrix is significantly improved, and the air permeability and water retention are significantly improved. Therefore, in the preparation method of the organic matrix described in the present application, the windrow can be kept at 60-68 ° C for a long time. The inventors have found through repeated experiments that by keeping 48-72 hours at the temperature and turning the pile at least 3 times, it is possible to achieve sufficient disinfecting of pathogens and insect eggs. The obtained organic matrix does not need to use any pesticides and chemicals (such as pesticides) during use, and can promote crops (such as vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines, fruits) to quickly form a microbial protection barrier during cultivation and seedling raising, promote crop root growth, improve crop immunity, promote crop growth, effectively improve the disease resistance of crops, achieve a significant increase in crop germination rate and emergence rate, and improve crop economic value. The organic matrix prepared by the method of the present invention has the advantages of low carbon emissions, natural ecology, safety and reliability, and can effectively save energy, and has a wide range of application prospects because it does not need to use any pesticides and chemicals (such as pesticides).

[0035] (2) The present application uses a matrix, an organic raw material and a mineral raw material in a mass ratio of (60-150): (16-36): (0-2) as a base material. The base material can not only cooperate with the mushroom residue to achieve the fermentation temperature and time described in the present invention, but also the inventors of the present application have found that, on the one hand, the addition ratio of the organic raw material is relatively high, which can achieve a significant increase in the mass of the matrix after treatment. On the other hand, during the fermentation process, the probiotics can destroy the physical structure of the matrix, organic raw materials and mineral raw materials in the base material, decompose the matrix, organic raw materials and mineral raw materials into finer particles, and decompose the organic matter into carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia and small molecular metabolites. The carbon dioxide, water vapor and ammonia overflow, causing the organic matrix to form more pores, increasing the porosity of the organic matrix, making the organic matrix more fluffy, and achieving a significant increase in the volume of the matrix after treatment. Through the preparation method described in the present application, the mass of the prepared organic matrix can be increased by 15-25% compared with the matrix before treatment, with a significant incremental effect.

[0036] (3) The preparation method of the present application can use recycled organic matrix as the matrix. After each crop is harvested, the organic matrix is recycled and re-added with carbon source, nitrogen source and mineral materials according to the formula design. During the natural fermentation process of the pile, the high temperature generated by the microbial fermentation in the fungus chaff is used to thoroughly disinfect the roots, potential pathogens, insect eggs and toxic substances in the organic matrix, and a large amount of beneficial microbial flora and organic nutrients are added. On the one hand, the recycling and reuse of the organic matrix can be achieved, the procurement cost of the matrix can be reduced, the risk of pesticide residues and heavy metal accumulation can be avoided, and the sustainable development of organic matrix cultivation can be promoted. On the other hand, after the recycled organic matrix is treated by the method of the present invention, a single treatment can achieve an increase in the mass of the organic matrix by 15 to 25%. After the prepared organic matrix is used, it can be repeatedly treated by the method of the present application to achieve the effect of cyclic increment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a physical diagram of the pile temperature rising to the target temperature in Example 1.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a physical picture of the pile of materials in Example 3.

[0039] Figure 3 These are tomatoes grown in the organic medium of Example 1.

[0040] Figure 4 This is the mustard obtained by cultivating the organic substrate in Example 1.

[0041] Figure 5 This is the rapeseed obtained by cultivating the organic matrix in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] In this application, the technical features described in an open manner include closed technical solutions composed of the listed features, and also include open technical solutions containing the listed features.

[0044] In this application, when referring to numerical ranges, unless otherwise specified, the numerical ranges are considered continuous and include the minimum and maximum values of the range, as well as every value between such minimum and maximum values. Further, when a range refers to an integer, every integer between the minimum and maximum values of the range is included. In addition, when multiple ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, the ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all subranges subsumed therein.

[0045] In the present application, there is no particular limitation on the specific dispersion and stirring treatment methods.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the components, raw materials or instruments used in the examples and comparative examples of the present application are all commercially available raw materials or instruments, and the components and raw materials used in each parallel experiment are all of the same kind.

[0047] The inventors of this application have discovered that organic matrix is the most widely used basic material in soilless cultivation and plays a vital role in plant growth. During the crop cultivation process, the organic matrix will gradually decompose, resulting in a deterioration in the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix, such as reduced air permeability, unreasonable nutrient ratios, and reduced water holding capacity, which in turn affects the growth, yield, and quality of the crop. In addition, the organic matrix can harbor pathogens and insect eggs, accumulating toxic substances secreted by the crop roots during the crop cultivation process, leading to frequent outbreaks of pests and diseases, the occurrence of continuous cropping problems, and affecting the growth, yield, and quality of the crop. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly eliminate the pathogens, insect eggs, and toxic substances in the organic matrix, and at the same time, it is necessary to adjust the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix.

[0048] Specifically, after hatching, the insect eggs in the organic matrix will directly feed on the roots, stems and leaves of the crops, hindering the absorption of water and nutrients, resulting in stunted crop growth, and then causing the crops to wilt, yellow leaves, notches and holes in the leaves, and even feeding to the death of the crops. The pests caused by some pests (such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips, etc.) can provide invasion channels for the spread of viruses (such as Fusarium and soft rot bacteria), and after the insect eggs hatch, they will inhibit the activity of beneficial bacteria (such as rhizobia), significantly affecting the growth, yield and quality of crops.

[0049] Among them, the insect eggs include root-knot nematode eggs, aphid eggs, thrips eggs, whitefly eggs, grub eggs, mite eggs, roundworm eggs, moth eggs, etc. The killing effect of the insect eggs is significantly negatively correlated with temperature (that is, the higher the temperature, the better the killing effect). For insect eggs, the temperature must be at least 50°C or above to achieve a certain killing effect. For example, root-knot nematode eggs, aphid eggs, mite eggs, whitefly eggs, and thrips eggs require a temperature of 50°C, roundworm eggs require a temperature of 55°C, and grub eggs require a temperature of 60°C. Therefore, in the process of killing insect eggs, the temperature needs to be strictly controlled. The time for killing insect eggs needs to be comprehensively considered in combination with the killing temperature (at least the initial killing temperature of insect eggs and pathogens), the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix, and the temperature tolerance of microorganisms in the organic matrix.

[0050] Specifically, pathogens in organic matrices can cause a variety of plant diseases, such as root rot, wilt, damping-off, late blight, bacterial wilt, gray mold, and damping-off. After the pathogens multiply in large numbers in the organic matrix, they will compete with the plant roots for nutrients and living space, inhibiting the normal growth of the plant roots. The toxins produced by the pathogens will directly affect the normal physiological functions of crops, leading to poor crop growth and decreased yields. At the same time, the metabolic products of the pathogens cause the air permeability of the organic matrix to decrease, affecting the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix, and thus affecting the respiration and water absorption of the plant roots.

[0051] Among them, the pathogens include Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora, Ralstonia, Botrytis, Ralstonia, Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Colletotrichum, etc. For most pathogens, the temperature must be at least 55°C to achieve a certain killing effect. For example, Fusarium and Pythium require a temperature of 55°C, and Rhizoctonia and Phytophthora require a temperature of 60°C. Therefore, in the process of killing pathogens, the temperature needs to be strictly controlled, and the time for killing pathogens needs to be comprehensively considered in combination with the killing temperature (at least reaching the initial killing temperature of insect eggs and pathogens), the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix, and the temperature tolerance of the microorganisms in the organic matrix.

[0052] In order to disinfect pathogens, insect eggs and toxic substances in organic matrices, chemical disinfection and physical disinfection methods are currently mainly used. Physical disinfection methods include high-temperature exposure and steam disinfection.

[0053] Among them, the high-temperature exposure method refers to continuous exposure at high temperatures to disinfect pathogens, insect eggs and toxic substances, but the high-temperature exposure method lasts for a long time and has low efficiency. During the high-temperature exposure process, nutrients and organic matter in the organic matrix are easily decomposed and volatilized, resulting in a decrease in the fertility of the organic matrix; the steam sterilization method refers to the use of high-temperature steam (80-100°C) to penetrate the matrix and kill pathogens, insect eggs and toxic substances through thermal action, but high-temperature steam promotes the decomposition of some organic matter, releasing ammonia or phenolic substances, reducing water retention and nutrient content, and thus also leading to a decrease in soil fertility. At the same time, the steam sterilization method requires special equipment, which will increase costs. High-temperature steam also has a significant disinfecting effect on beneficial bacteria in the organic matrix, resulting in a significant decrease in the abundance of microorganisms in the organic matrix, requiring subsequent artificial supplementation of microorganisms, and the steam sterilization method will increase carbon emissions.

[0054] Among them, chemical disinfection refers to the use of chemical agents (such as pesticides) to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the cultivation matrix. Although chemical agents can effectively kill pathogens, insect eggs, etc., chemical agents are easy to remain in the organic matrix and may enter the food chain through crops, increasing food safety risks. When killing pathogens and insect eggs, beneficial microorganisms will also be killed, resulting in an imbalance in the microecology of the organic matrix. At the same time, chemical agents can easily cause pathogens to develop drug resistance.

[0055] Therefore, based on the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing an organic matrix, comprising the following steps:

[0056] The mixed materials are piled to form a pile, and when the pile temperature rises to the target temperature, it is maintained for 48 to 72 hours, and the pile is turned to obtain an organic matrix; the target temperature is 60 to 68°C;

[0057] The number of times of turning the pile is ≥3 times;

[0058] The mixed material includes base material, fungus residue and water; the base material includes matrix, organic raw material and mineral raw material, and the mass ratio of the matrix: organic raw material: mineral raw material = (60-150): (16-36): (0-2);

[0059] The fungus sludge contains a bacterial agent with a tolerance temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature, and the bacterial agent includes at least one of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, sulfiding bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizopus, mucor, rhizosphere fungi, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma.

[0060] The present application uses a bacterial agent containing a temperature-resistant agent greater than or equal to the target temperature of the pile as a fungus chaff, and builds a pile of a mixture including a base material, fungus chaff and water. The base material is a matrix: an organic raw material: a mineral raw material with a mass ratio of (60-150): (16-36): (0-2). During the natural fermentation process of the pile, the temperature of the pile is controlled to be 60-68°C for 48-72 hours, and the pile is turned over for no less than three times. The high temperature generated by the fermentation of microorganisms in the fungus chaff is used to disinfect the pathogens and insect eggs in the organic matrix, ensuring that the pathogens and insect eggs in the organic matrix are completely disinfected. At the same time, during the natural fermentation process, probiotics are expanded and enriched to ensure that the organic matrix is fermented. The abundance of probiotics can further decompose harmful substances in the organic matrix, promote the rapid formation of microbial protection barriers for crops (such as vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines, and fruits) during cultivation and seedling raising, promote crop root growth, improve crop immunity, promote crop growth, effectively improve crop disease resistance, and effectively optimize the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix, increase the water holding capacity and air permeability of the organic matrix, effectively improve the germination rate and emergence rate of crops, and improve the economic value of crops. The organic matrix of the present invention does not require the use of pesticides or chemical fertilizers. The method of the present application has low carbon emissions, is ecologically natural, safe and reliable, can effectively save energy, and has broad application prospects.

[0061] Among them, the inventors of the present application have found that the temperature and holding time of the pile have a significant impact on the technical effect. The present application controls the pile temperature to 60-68°C and the holding time to 48-72h. On the one hand, it can disinfect pathogens and insect eggs, reduce diseases during cultivation, promote microbial activity, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, and produce nutrients and growth-promoting factors that are beneficial to crop germination; on the other hand, it can ensure that the structure of the organic matrix is loose and breathable, has good water retention, and effectively promotes the root development of crops; if the pile temperature and time deviate from the scope of this application, either the effect of disinfecting pathogens and insect eggs cannot be achieved, the microbial activity is insufficient, and the organic matter cannot be effectively decomposed, or the microorganisms are inactivated, the matrix is over-mineralized, and the physical structure of the organic matrix is destroyed, resulting in a decrease in porosity and a decrease in water retention. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the pile temperature and holding time within the scope of this application, so as to completely kill insect eggs and pathogens, while ensuring the abundance of probiotics in the organic matrix, making the physical and chemical indicators of the organic matrix more suitable for crop growth, and effectively improving the yield and quality of crops.

[0062] The present application uses a matrix, organic raw materials and mineral raw materials with a mass ratio of (60-150): (16-36): (0-2) as the base material, which can maintain the carbon-nitrogen ratio balance in the organic matrix, making it easier for the pile to heat up and ferment. The heat generated by the fermentation can reach the target temperature (60-68°C) and can maintain the target temperature for a suitable time (48-72h), thereby achieving the effect of killing insect eggs and pathogens.

[0063] In addition, the inventors of the present application have found that the base material of the proportion described in the present application and the fermentation process under the conditions described can achieve the increment of the matrix, that is, the matrix is treated by the method of the present application to achieve incremental regeneration. Specifically, in the ratio of the base material, the addition of organic raw materials accounts for a high proportion, which achieves an increase in the weight of the matrix. The base material is combined with the fungus residue of the present invention to achieve the fermentation process under the conditions described. During the fermentation process, the microorganisms destroy the physical structure of the matrix, organic raw materials and mineral raw materials in the base material, decomposing the matrix, organic raw materials and mineral raw materials into finer particles, and decomposing the organic matter into carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia and small molecule metabolites. The overflow of carbon dioxide, water vapor and ammonia causes the organic matrix to form more pores, increases the porosity of the organic matrix, makes the organic matrix more fluffy, forms loose, homogeneous humus, and achieves an increase in the volume of the matrix. That is, the matrix can achieve dual incremental regeneration of weight and volume through the treatment process of the method described in the present application. After each treatment, the mass of the matrix can increase by 15 to 25%. The matrix is recycled and reused after use, which can not only realize the recycling regeneration of the matrix, but also realize the recycling increment of the matrix.

[0064] Moreover, after being treated by the method described in the present application, the maturity of the substrate is significantly improved, and the air permeability and water holding capacity are significantly improved. At a pile temperature of 60 to 68°C, nutrients are released, further improving the fertilizer efficiency of the organic substrate. By adding a specific amount of organic raw materials and mineral raw materials, the physical and chemical properties of the substrate can be improved, so that the substrate has better porosity, air permeability and drainage, avoiding the substrate from being too compact or loose, improving the water retention capacity of the substrate, providing the substrate with sufficient carbon, nitrogen and other nutrients, promoting the activity of microorganisms, promoting nutrient conversion, improving the stability of the substrate, and further improving the germination rate and emergence rate of crops.

[0065] The inventors of this application have found that when the amount of substrate, organic raw materials and mineral raw materials deviates from the scope of the present invention (that is, not within the limited scope of the present invention), either the heat production of fermentation is insufficient and it is difficult to reach the target temperature (or it cannot be maintained at the target temperature for a sufficient time), or the time at the target temperature is uncontrollable (or the temperature is too high), and even the physical and chemical indicators of the substrate are affected, affecting crop planting.

[0066] Among them, the mushroom bran contains a bacterial agent that can tolerate a temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature, which means that the mushroom bran contains bacteria that can survive, grow or maintain activity at a temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature, that is, the mushroom bran contains at least one bacteria that can maintain activity at a temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature.

[0067] The selection of the base material and the fungus residue is crucial to whether the pile temperature can rise to the target temperature and whether it can be maintained at the target temperature for 48 to 72 hours. If the component ratio of the base material or the selection of the microbial agent in the fungus residue is inappropriate, the pile temperature will not be able to reach the target temperature, or after reaching the target temperature, it will not be able to be maintained for a sufficient time, and it will not be possible to fully kill pathogens, insect eggs, etc.

[0068] In some embodiments, the target temperature is 64°C to 66°C, for example, it can be 64°C, 64.5°C, 65°C, 65.5°C, 66°C or a range composed of any two of them. In particular, when the target temperature of the pile is controlled at 64-66°C, it can more fully promote the decomposition of organic matter, accelerate the degradation of difficult-to-decompose substances such as lignin and cellulose, effectively kill pathogens and insect eggs, avoid excessive mineralization of the organic matrix, avoid imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio, effectively improve the fertility of the matrix, improve the germination rate and emergence rate of crops, and promote the healthy growth of crops.

[0069] In some embodiments, the maintenance time is 54 to 60 hours, for example, it can be 54 hours, 56 hours, 58 hours, 60 hours or a range composed of any two of them. In particular, controlling the time within this range can prevent the organic matrix structure from being too loose or the organic matrix from agglomerating, thereby improving the stability of the organic matrix. At the same time, it can prevent nutrients from being lost in the form of volatile gases, avoid nutrient loss, maintain a good nutrient balance in the organic matrix, more effectively promote the decomposition of organic matter, and make the humidity, porosity and air permeability of the organic matrix reach ideal levels, providing a good growth environment for crop growth, contributing to the healthy development of the crop root system, and further improving the germination rate and emergence rate of the crop.

[0070] In some embodiments, the matrix includes peat soil. The present application uses peat soil as the matrix. Peat soil has excellent air permeability, water retention capacity and chemical stability, can absorb and retain a large amount of water, can prevent root deficiency and hypoxia, reduce the occurrence of root rot, improve the structure of the organic matrix, promote the penetration of water and air, prevent the organic matrix from being too compacted, is conducive to the growth of crop roots, and further improves the germination rate and emergence rate of crops.

[0071] In some embodiments, the matrix includes a recycled organic matrix. When the recycled organic matrix is used as the matrix, the organic matrix is recycled after each crop is harvested, and the carbon source, nitrogen source, and mineral material are re-added according to the formula design. During the natural fermentation process of the pile, the high temperature generated by the microbial fermentation in the mushroom chaff is used to thoroughly disinfect the roots, potential pathogens, insect eggs, and toxic substances in the organic matrix, and a large amount of beneficial microbial flora and organic nutrients are added. During the cultivation and seedling raising process, the crops are promoted to quickly form a microbial protection barrier, promote the growth of crop roots, improve crop immunity, promote crop growth, effectively improve the disease resistance of crops, and effectively optimize the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix, increase the water holding capacity and air permeability of the organic matrix, realize the recycling and reuse of the organic matrix, reduce the matrix procurement cost, avoid the risk of pesticide residues and heavy metal accumulation, and do not use any pesticides and chemical fertilizers for each crop of organic matrix, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of organic matrix cultivation.

[0072] In some embodiments, the organic raw material includes at least one of a carbon source and a nitrogen source;

[0073] The carbon source comprises at least one of straw, sawdust, coconut bran, bran, rice husk, activated carbon, starch, glucose, molasses, lignin, and cellulose;

[0074] The nitrogen source includes at least one of urea, soybean meal, peanut cake, fish meal, blood meal, peptone, beef extract, and yeast extract.

[0075] In some embodiments, the mineral raw material includes at least one of perlite, yellow phosphorus slag, phosphorus tailings, olivine, zeolite, calcined shell powder, attapulgite, medical stone, and dolomite.

[0076] In some embodiments, the organic raw material includes a carbon source and a nitrogen source, and their mass ratio is carbon source: nitrogen source = (15-30): (1-6). When a carbon source and a nitrogen source with a mass ratio of (15-30): (1-6) are used, the organic matrix has a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio, can provide sufficient nutrients for the organic matrix, promote the activity of microorganisms, promote nutrient conversion, improve the stability of the organic matrix, make the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix within the target range, and further improve the germination rate and emergence rate of crops.

[0077] When the mass ratio of the carbon source to the nitrogen source deviates from the range of the present invention, either the nitrogen source is excessive, and when the nitrogen source is excessive, it is difficult to maintain the target temperature for a sufficient time, and the excessive nitrogen source is likely to attract pests during the subsequent crop planting process, which is not conducive to crop growth; or the carbon source is excessive, and when the carbon source is excessive, insufficient nitrogen supply is likely to occur in the subsequent process, and the physical and chemical indicators of the substrate are easily affected, which is not conducive to crop growth.

[0078] In some embodiments, the preparation method of the mushroom bran contained in the mixed material is: uniformly mix the bacterial agent and the activation base material, add sugar water, activate, and obtain the mushroom bran.

[0079] The bacterial bran is obtained by mixing the bacterial agent and rice bran and then activating them with sugar water, which can increase the number of microorganisms, form a stable microbial community, promote their rapid reproduction during the compost fermentation process, and effectively degrade organic matter.

[0080] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, the activated base material, and the sugar water is (1-5): (20-100): (10-50).

[0081] In some embodiments, the activated base material includes at least one of rice bran, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, wood ash, and bean curd skin.

[0082] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of sugar in the sugar water is 1-50%, for example, it can be 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% or a range consisting of any two thereof.

[0083] In some embodiments, the activation temperature is 25-37° C., and the activation time is 2-10 h.

[0084] In some embodiments, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria include at least one of Azotobacter chlorococcii CGMCC 1.496, Azotobacter chlorococcii CICC 21686, and Azotobacter chlorococcii BNCC 336703. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria (especially Azotobacter chlorococcii) can provide nitrogen nutrition for crops, have high nitrogen fixation efficiency, strong nitrogen fixation ability, effectively improve the fertility of the organic substrate, and promote crop growth.

[0085] In some embodiments, the nitrifying bacteria include Nitrobacter welchii ATCC 25391. Nitrifying bacteria (especially Nitrobacter welchii) can promote the conversion of nitrogen, convert organic matter into nitrate nitrogen, maintain nitrogen balance, promote nitrogen absorption by crops, and improve absorption efficiency.

[0086] In some embodiments, the sulfur-bacterium comprises Acidosulfobacillus ATCC 700253. Sulfur-bacteria (particularly Acidosulfobacillus) can oxidize sulfide in organic substrates to sulfate, or reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide through a reduction reaction. This facilitates sulfur cycling in the organic substrate and increases the sulfur available for crop uptake in the organic substrate. Sulfur is essential for the synthesis of amino acids, proteins, and enzymes in crops. Sulfurization can also improve the degradation of organic matter in the organic substrate.

[0087] In some embodiments, the lactic acid bacteria include at least one of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075 and Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.9087. Lactic acid bacteria (especially Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum) can produce lactic acid by fermentation in an organic matrix, which helps to inhibit the growth of harmful pathogenic microorganisms, lower the pH value of the organic matrix, inhibit the spread of harmful bacteria, help plants maintain a healthy growth environment, promote the decomposition of organic matter in the organic matrix, synthesize physiologically active substances such as amino acids and sugars, and improve the disease resistance of the organic matrix.

[0088] In some embodiments, the yeast includes Pichia pastoris CICC 33192. Yeast (particularly Pichia pastoris) primarily produces beneficial metabolites, such as organic acids, vitamins, and enzymes, through fermentation. In organic matrices, yeast helps improve the soil's microbial environment, promotes plant growth, participates in the decomposition of organic matter, and releases nutrients beneficial to plants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

[0089] In some embodiments, the actinomycetes include Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156. Actinomycetes can decompose organic matter and are key microorganisms for cellulose, lignin and other complex organic matter. They can produce antibiotics during the decomposition process, inhibit harmful pathogens, increase soil organic matter content, improve soil structure, and at the same time inhibit pathogens in the organic matrix, enhance the disease resistance of crops, protect the root system, and promote root growth.

[0090] In some embodiments, the Rhizopus includes Rhizopus BNCC 357852 and Rhizopus oryzae CGMCC3.12102. Rhizopus can increase the organic matter content of the organic matrix, improve the structure of the organic matrix, promote the growth of crop roots, and help improve the aeration and water retention capacity of the organic matrix.

[0091] In some embodiments, the Mucor includes Mucor ATCC 64208. Mucor promotes root nutrient absorption, especially phosphorus and other minerals, through a symbiotic relationship with crop roots. It also improves the permeability of the organic matrix, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of plants.

[0092] In some embodiments, the root circle fungi include at least one of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CGMCC 1.15674. The root circle fungi (especially Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) form a symbiotic body with the plant root system, expand the root water and fertilizer absorption area, improve the plant's nutrient and water absorption efficiency, enhance crop resistance, significantly improve crop nutritional status, and promote crop growth.

[0093] In some embodiments, the Bacillus subtilis includes at least one of Bacillus subtilis CGMCC1.8801 and Bacillus subtilis CICC 21223. Bacillus subtilis helps to inhibit harmful microorganisms in the soil, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and promote plant growth. It can also promote nutrient release and improve soil fertility by decomposing organic matter.

[0094] In some embodiments, the Trichoderma includes Trichoderma viride BNCC 341615, which can secrete a variety of antibiotics to effectively inhibit the growth of crop pathogens. It can also secrete a variety of hydrolases and plant growth regulators to effectively promote plant root development and plant growth. It can also promote the mineralization of organic matter and improve the air permeability of the organic matrix.

[0095] In some embodiments, the bacterial agent includes nitrifying bacteria, sulfiding bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, and their mass ratio is nitrifying bacteria: sulfiding bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: rhizosphere bacteria: Bacillus subtilis = 1: (0.1~1): (0.2~1.5): (0.2~2): (0.2~2): (1~3).

[0096] In some embodiments, the bacterial agent includes nitrifying bacteria, sulfiding bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, and their mass ratio is nitrifying bacteria: sulfiding bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: rhizosphere bacteria: Bacillus subtilis = 1: (0.2-0.6): (0.4-0.8): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (1.5-2). In particular, when using a bacterial agent with such a mass ratio, it can effectively promote the decomposition of organic matter, inhibit harmful microorganisms, reduce the occurrence of diseases, promote crop root growth, improve crop immunity, and promote healthy growth of crops.

[0097] “Turning the pile” is a term in this field, which refers to the process of mixing, turning and rebuilding the materials inside and outside the pile by manual or mechanical means.

[0098] In some embodiments, the number of turning the pile is 3 to 10 times, for example, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times, 10 times, or a range consisting of any two of these values.

[0099] In some embodiments, the moisture content of the mixture is 45-65%, for example, it can be 45%, 48%, 50%, 52%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 65% or a range consisting of any two values therein.

[0100] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the base material to the mushroom bran is 1:(0.005-0.01), for example, it can be 1:0.005, 1:0.006, 1:0.007, 1:0.008, 1:0.009, 1:0.01 or a range composed of any two of them. By controlling the ratio of the base material to the mushroom bran within this range, the microbial content of the organic matrix can be significantly increased, the microbial abundance can be increased, the conversion of organic matter can be promoted, the nutrients and hormones in the organic matrix can be balanced, crop absorption can be promoted, crop immunity can be improved, and the germination rate and emergence rate of crops can be further improved.

[0101] The height of the pile is 0.5 to 2 m, and the width is 0.5 to 4 m.

[0102] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0103] The substrate, organic raw materials and mineral raw materials are laid layer by layer according to the proportion, water is added to adjust the moisture content, and fungus husks are added and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture. The mixture is piled to form a heap. When the temperature of the heap rises to 60-68°C, it is maintained for 36-60 hours, and the heap is turned 1-4 times to obtain an organic substrate.

[0104] In some embodiments, the organic matter content of the organic matrix is ≥35%, the cation exchange capacity (in terms of NH4 + 30 cm3 or higher, conductivity 0.2-4 mS / cm, bulk density 0.1-0.6 g / cm 3 , the total porosity is 75-85%, the total nitrogen content is 5-100g / kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.5-10g / kg, and the total potassium content is 2-20g / kg.

[0105] In some embodiments, the organic matrix has an organic matter content of 50-60%, a cation exchange capacity (in terms of NH4 + The conductivity is 3-4 mS / cm, and the bulk density is 0.1-0.3 g / cm 3 The total porosity is 75-85%, the total nitrogen content is 10-20g / kg, the total phosphorus content is 1-4g / kg, and the total potassium content is 8-15g / kg.

[0106] One embodiment of the present application provides an organic matrix prepared using the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0107] One embodiment of the present application provides a use of an organic matrix in crop seedling raising and / or crop cultivation.

[0108] In some embodiments, the crop includes at least one of vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines, and fruits.

[0109] In some embodiments, the vegetables include at least one of lettuce, cabbage, mustard greens, choy sum, tatsoi vegetables, garland chrysanthemum vegetables, cabbage vegetables, okra, nightshade vegetables, root vegetables, pumpkin, bitter melon, loofah, zucchini, leaf beet, amaranth, water spinach, celery, and spicy vegetables.

[0110] Among them, the lettuce vegetables include at least one of glass lettuce, butter lettuce, romaine lettuce, purple leaf lettuce, romaine lettuce, and sweet potato.

[0111] Among them, cabbage vegetables include Chinese cabbage, milk cabbage, green stem cabbage, green quick cabbage, and komatsuna.

[0112] Among them, the vegetables of the Tatsuocai type include at least one of the wutacai and the yellow-hearted wutacai.

[0113] Among them, the garland chrysanthemum vegetables include at least one of large-leaf garland chrysanthemum and bare-stem garland chrysanthemum.

[0114] Among them, the cabbage vegetables include at least one of Brussels sprouts, kale, kale, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and cauliflower.

[0115] Among them, the nightshade vegetables include at least one of eggplant, tomato and pepper.

[0116] The root vegetables include at least one of radish, carrot and beetroot.

[0117] Among them, spicy vegetables include at least one of onion, garlic, leek, fennel and coriander.

[0118] In some embodiments, the Chinese herbal medicine includes at least one of ginseng, fritillaria, atractylodes, wolfberry, astragalus, perilla, scutellaria, dandelion, andrographis paniculata, honeysuckle, gynostemma pentaphyllum, chrysanthemum, dendrobium officinale, Panax notoginseng, salvia miltiorrhiza, gastrodia elata, ganoderma lucidum, bletilla striata, licorice, mint, basil, and marigold.

[0119] In some embodiments, the fruit includes at least one of strawberry, watermelon, melon, blueberry, grape, dragon fruit, fig, passion fruit, orange, lemon, pineapple, papaya, apple, guava, and citrus.

[0120] The following examples are provided to facilitate understanding of the present application. These examples are not provided to limit the scope of the claims.

[0121] Example 1

[0122] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0123] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0124] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0125] The mixed materials are piled up to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, Figure 1 As shown, keep for 60h;

[0126] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0127] Example 2

[0128] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0129] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0130] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0131] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 66℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0132] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 66°C, keep it for 54 hours; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 66°C, keep it for 54 hours; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 66°C, keep it for 54 hours to obtain an organic matrix.

[0133] Example 3

[0134] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0135] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0136] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, peanut cake, and perlite are laid layer by layer in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2:2 to obtain a base material, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material is added with mushroom bran, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain a mixed material;

[0137] The mixed materials are piled up to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. Figure 2 As shown, when the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 60°C, it is maintained for 72 hours;

[0138] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 60℃, keep it for 72h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 60℃, keep it for 72h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 60℃, keep it for 72h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0139] Example 4

[0140] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0141] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0142] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0143] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 68℃, maintain it for 48 hours.

[0144] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 68°C, keep it for 48 hours; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 68°C, keep it for 48 hours; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 68°C, keep it for 48 hours to obtain an organic matrix.

[0145] Example 5

[0146] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0147] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran, and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265, and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.8:1.5:0.5:2.

[0148] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0149] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0150] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0151] Example 6

[0152] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0153] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran, and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265, and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.1:1.5:0.2:2:1.

[0154] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0155] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0156] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0157] Example 7

[0158] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0159] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.2:2:0.2:3.

[0160] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0161] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0162] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0163] Example 8

[0164] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0165] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35° C. for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran, and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes brown spherical nitrogen-fixing bacteria CGMCC 1.496, Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6075, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265, and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0166] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0167] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0168] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0169] Example 9

[0170] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0171] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.9087, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomyces CGMCC 4.7156, Rhizopus oryzae CGMCC 3.12102 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0172] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0173] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0174] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0175] Example 10

[0176] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0177] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0178] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0179] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0180] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0181] Example 11

[0182] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0183] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, and brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter vertigo ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus sulfidus ATCC 700253, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0184] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0185] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0186] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0187] Example 12

[0188] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0189] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran, and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus sulfidus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265, and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:1.5:1.5.

[0190] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0191] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0192] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0193] Example 13

[0194] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0195] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, and brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 5:20:10, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0196] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0197] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0198] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0199] Example 14

[0200] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0201] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0202] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 80:15:10:5 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0203] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0204] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0205] Example 15

[0206] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0207] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0208] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 60:15:15:6 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0209] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0210] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0211] Example 16

[0212] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0213] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0214] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 150:7.5:7.5:1 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0215] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0216] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0217] Example 17

[0218] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0219] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0220] The waste cultivation substrate (recycled cultivation substrate), rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material was added with mushroom bran, and the mixture was stirred evenly to obtain a mixed material;

[0221] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0222] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0223] Example 18

[0224] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0225] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0226] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0227] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0228] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64℃, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64℃, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64℃, keep it for 60h, turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64℃, keep it for 60h, to obtain an organic matrix.

[0229] Comparative Example 1

[0230] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0231] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, 30% by mass of brown sugar water is added, and the mixture is activated at 35° C. for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran, and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Bacillus licheniformis CICC 22678, Candida tropicalis CICC 1316, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.5:1.5.

[0232] The cultivation substrate, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0233] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 55℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0234] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 55°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 55°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 55°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0235] Comparative Example 2

[0236] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0237] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Bacillus stearothermophilus CICC 21091, Acidophilus sulfadiazole ATCC 700253 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:1.5.

[0238] The cultivation substrate, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0239] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 72℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0240] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 72°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 72°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 72°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0241] Comparative Example 3

[0242] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0243] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0244] The cultivation substrate, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0245] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 24 hours.

[0246] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64℃, keep it for 24h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64℃, keep it for 24h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64℃, keep it for 24h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0247] Comparative Example 4

[0248] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0249] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0250] The cultivation substrate, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0251] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 96 hours.

[0252] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 96 hours; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 96 hours; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 96 hours to obtain an organic matrix.

[0253] Comparative Example 5

[0254] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0255] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0256] The cultivation substrate, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 100:10:10:2 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0257] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0258] Turn the pile; rebuild the pile to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild the pile to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0259] Comparative Example 6

[0260] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0261] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0262] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 50:20:20:0.5 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0263] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0264] Turn the pile and rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64℃, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; if the temperature cannot reach 64℃ after rebuilding, when the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 55℃, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 50℃, keep it for 60h to obtain organic matrix.

[0265] Comparative Example 7

[0266] A method for preparing an organic matrix comprises the following steps:

[0267] The bacterial agent and rice bran are evenly mixed, brown sugar water with a mass fraction of 30% is added, and the mixture is activated at 35°C for 5 hours to obtain bacterial bran; the mass ratio of the bacterial agent, rice bran and brown sugar water is 1:100:30, and the bacterial agent includes Nitrobacter versii ATCC 25391, Acidobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700253, Pichia pastoris CICC 33192, Actinomycetes CGMCC 4.7156, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNCC 195265 and Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.8801 in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.4:0.5:1.5:1.5.

[0268] Peat soil, rice husk, bran, and peanut cake were layered in a mass ratio of 160:5:5:10 to obtain a base material, water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55%, and 1% of the total mass of the base material of fungus bran was added and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0269] Build the mixed material into a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature at the center of the pile rises to 64℃, maintain it for 60h.

[0270] Turn the pile, rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h; turn the pile; rebuild it to form a pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m. When the temperature of the center of the pile rises to 64°C, keep it for 60h to obtain an organic matrix.

[0271] Test Case

[0272] 1. Heavy metal detection

[0273] The heavy metal detection was performed on the organic matrix of Example 3, as shown in Table 1.

[0274] Table 1

[0275]

[0276]

[0277] As can be seen from Table 1, the organic matrix described in the present application can effectively avoid the risk of heavy metal pollution and effectively prevent the accumulation of heavy metals.

[0278] 2. The physical and chemical indicators of the organic matrix of Example 1 are shown in Table 2.

[0279] Table 2

[0280]

[0281] As can be seen from Table 2, the organic matrix described in the present application has good physical and chemical properties, which makes the organic matrix have good porosity, air permeability and drainage, avoids the matrix from being too compact or loose, improves the moisture retention capacity of the matrix, provides the organic matrix with sufficient nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen, promotes the activity of microorganisms, promotes nutrient conversion, improves the stability of the organic matrix, and further improves the germination rate and emergence rate of crops.

[0282] 3. The organic substrates prepared in the examples and comparative examples were used to cultivate different crops under the same conditions. 300 of each example and comparative example were sown and the germination rate was calculated. After germination, 200 of examples 1 to 18 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were planted (the germination rate of comparative example 7 was low, and the number of plants planted was 150). During the planting process, except for the different substrates, the other cultivation conditions were exactly the same. The tomato, mustard and lettuce cultivated in Example 1 were as follows: Figures 3-5 As shown, the emergence rate, survival rate and disease and insect pest rate were statistically analyzed.

[0283] Seedling emergence rate = (actual number of seedlings emerged / number of seeds sown) × 100%.

[0284] Survival rate = (number of survived plants / number of planted plants) × 100%.

[0285] Pest and disease rate = (number of plants affected by pests and diseases / number of plants planted) × 100%.

[0286] Table 3

[0287]

[0288]

[0289] As can be seen from Table 3, Examples 1 to 18 can all ensure excellent germination rates (≥90%), survival rates after planting (≥92%), and controllable incidence rates of pests and diseases (≤10%).

[0290] The present application uses a bacterial agent containing a temperature-resistant agent greater than or equal to the target temperature of the pile as a fungus chaff, and builds a pile of a mixture of base material, fungus chaff and water. During the natural fermentation process of the pile, the temperature of the pile is controlled to be 60-68°C for 48-72 hours, and the pile is turned over for not less than three times. The high temperature generated by the fermentation of microorganisms in the fungus chaff is used to disinfect the pathogens and insect eggs in the organic matrix, ensuring that the pathogens and insect eggs in the organic matrix are completely disinfected. At the same time, during the natural fermentation process, probiotics are expanded and enriched to ensure the abundance of probiotics in the organic matrix. The probiotics can The method further decomposes harmful substances in the organic matrix, promotes the rapid formation of a microbial protective barrier for crops (such as vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines, and fruits) during the cultivation and seedling raising process, promotes the growth of crop roots, improves crop immunity, promotes crop growth, effectively improves the disease resistance of crops, and effectively optimizes the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix, increases the water holding capacity and aeration capacity of the organic matrix, effectively improves the germination rate and emergence rate of crops, and improves the economic value of crops. The organic matrix of the present invention does not require the use of any pesticides and chemical agents (such as pesticides) and has broad application prospects.

[0291] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that if the target temperature (60-68°C) and holding time (48-72h) of the pile deviate from the range of the present invention, either the insect eggs and pathogens cannot be eliminated, resulting in a significant decrease in the emergence rate and survival rate, and a significant increase in the pest and disease rate; or the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the organic matrix decreases, and the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix are not suitable for planting, resulting in a significant decrease in the emergence rate and survival rate.

[0292] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 5, it can be seen that the present application ensures that the pathogens and insect eggs in the organic matrix are completely eliminated by controlling the number of turning the compost to be greater than or equal to 3 times, while improving the maturity of the organic matrix, so that the physical and chemical properties of the organic matrix are within a range suitable for crop planting, significantly improving the emergence rate and survival rate, and reducing the disease and insect rate.

[0293] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 6 to 7, it can be seen that the present application uses a matrix: organic raw material: mineral raw material with a mass ratio of (60 to 150): (16 to 36): (0 to 2) as the base material, which not only enables the temperature of the pile to be maintained at the target temperature for a sufficient time, but also can be raised to the target temperature after turning the pile and maintained for a sufficient time, thereby effectively disinfecting insect eggs, providing sufficient nutrients for crop growth, improving the maturity of the organic matrix, and making the physical and chemical indicators of the organic matrix meet the standards for crop planting. When the amount ratio of the matrix, organic raw material, and mineral raw material deviates from the scope of the present invention, either after turning the pile, the target temperature cannot be raised, thereby failing to disinfect insect eggs and pathogens, or the maturity of the matrix is insufficient, and the physical and chemical indicators are not suitable for crop planting (for example, Comparative Example 7), resulting in a significant decrease in the emergence rate and survival rate. At the same time, due to poor physical and chemical properties, salt damage occurs, which also leads to a significant increase in pests and diseases.

[0294] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an organic matrix, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The mixed materials are piled to form a pile, and when the pile temperature rises to the target temperature, it is maintained for 48 to 72 hours, and the pile is turned to obtain an organic matrix; the target temperature is 60 to 68°C; The number of times of turning the pile is ≥3 times; The mixed material includes base material, fungus residue and water; the base material includes matrix, organic raw material and mineral raw material, and the mass ratio of the matrix: organic raw material: mineral raw material = (60-150): (16-36): (0-2); The fungus sludge contains a bacterial agent with a tolerance temperature greater than or equal to the target temperature, and the bacterial agent includes at least one of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, sulfiding bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizopus, mucor, rhizosphere fungi, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma.

2. The method for preparing an organic matrix according to claim 1, wherein: The target temperature is 64°C to 66°C; And / or, the maintaining time is 54 to 60 hours.

3. The method for preparing an organic matrix according to claim 1, wherein: The organic raw material includes a carbon source and a nitrogen source, and the mass ratio of the carbon source to the nitrogen source is (15-30): (1-6).

4. The method for preparing an organic matrix according to claim 3, wherein: The substrate comprises at least one of peat soil and recycled organic substrate; and / or, the carbon source in the organic raw material includes at least one of straw, sawdust, coconut bran, bran, rice husk, activated carbon, starch, glucose, molasses, lignin, and cellulose; the nitrogen source in the organic raw material includes at least one of urea, soybean meal, peanut cake, fish meal, blood meal, peptone, beef extract, and yeast extract; And / or, the mineral raw material includes at least one of perlite, yellow phosphorus slag, phosphorus tailings, olivine, zeolite, calcined shell powder, attapulgite, medical stone, and dolomite.

5. The method for preparing an organic matrix according to claim 1, wherein: The preparation method of the fungus dregs contained in the mixed material is as follows: uniformly mixing the bacterial agent and the activated base material, adding sugar water, activating, and obtaining the fungus dregs; And / or, the mass percentage of water in the mixed material is 45-65%.

6. The method for preparing an organic matrix according to claim 5, wherein: The mass ratio of the bacterial agent, the activated base material and the sugar water is (1-5): (20-100): (10-50); And / or, the activation base material comprises at least one of rice bran, corn flour, wheat bran, soybean meal, wood ash, and bran; And / or, the mass percentage of sugar in the sugar water is 1 to 50%; And / or, the activation temperature is 25-37° C., and the activation time is 2-10 h.

7. The method for preparing an organic matrix according to claim 1, wherein: The bacterial agent includes nitrifying bacteria, sulfiding bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, rhizosphere bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, and their mass ratio is nitrifying bacteria: sulfiding bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: rhizosphere bacteria: Bacillus subtilis = 1: (0.2-0.6): (0.4-0.8): (0.5-1.5): (0.5-1.5): (1.5-2).

8. The method for preparing an organic matrix according to claim 1, wherein: The mass ratio of the base material to the fungus dregs is 1:(0.005-0.01).

9. An organic matrix, characterized in that The preparation method is described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the organic substrate according to claim 9 in crop seedling raising and / or crop cultivation.

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