Marine cold water fish culture device capable of changing water changing modes and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture and marine resource development, and relates to a marine cold water fish culture device capable of changing a water changing mode and a use method thereof. The device comprises a buoyancy box frame, a breeding deck and a water supply system, a barrel surrounding water body and a net surrounding water body are arranged below the breeding deck, the upper end of the net surrounding water body is connected with the breeding deck, and the lower end of the net surrounding water body is connected with the barrel surrounding water body; a culture water body fixing frame is further installed on the culture deck, a lifting machine is arranged on the culture water body fixing frame, and the lifting machine controls winding and unwinding of the lifting rope so as to achieve lifting of the barrel surrounding water body. According to the novel mariculture cold water fish device provided by the invention, the construction and culture cost of salmon and trout mariculture facilities can be greatly reduced, the market competitiveness of marine salmon and trout culture products in China is improved, and the construction of marine granaries in China is accelerated and promoted. The device can be widely applied to cold water fish culture in sea areas with obvious thermal stratification in China, Japan, Korea, Turkey and other countries in summer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture and marine resource development, and particularly relates to a device for cultivating cold-water fish at sea with a switchable water-changing mode and a method for using the device. Background Art

[0002] Salmon and trout, such as Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, are popular seafood products. Currently, marine farmed salmon and trout products are primarily produced in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) cages in high-latitude waters off Norway and Chile. Due to the high summer upper water temperatures in Chinese waters, year-round salmon and trout farming in HDPE cages is not feasible. Submersible truss cages or aquaculture vessels are the only options. While submersible truss cages can utilize natural ocean currents to exchange water, they are limited to the cold waters of the Yellow Sea, far from land, at depth, and under high sea conditions. Furthermore, the submerged aquaculture phase requires the fish's swim bladder to be refilled, resulting in high construction and aquaculture costs. While aquaculture vessels don't require such deep waters, they require pumping water to exchange the aquaculture tanks throughout the aquaculture cycle, increasing construction and aquaculture costs.

[0003] Therefore, my country is currently in urgent need of a device and method that has lower construction and production costs and can be used to culture salmon and trout at sea all year round, so as to improve the market competitiveness of my country's marine salmon and trout farming products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to address the current problem in my country of year-round salmon and trout farming using HDPE cages, which is currently prohibitive due to the high construction and aquaculture costs of using submersible truss cages or aquaculture vessels. By providing a device for aquaculture of cold-water fish at sea with a switchable water exchange mechanism and its use method, this new device can significantly reduce the construction and aquaculture costs of offshore salmon and trout aquaculture facilities, improve the market competitiveness of my country's marine salmon and trout aquaculture products, and accelerate the development of my country's maritime granaries.

[0005] The device of the present invention can be widely used in breeding cold-water fish in sea areas with obvious thermal stratification in summer in countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, and Türkiye.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: A cold-water fish farming device at sea with a switchable water-changing mode comprises a buoyancy box frame and a farming deck fixedly mounted on top of the buoyancy box frame. A barrel-enclosed water body and a net-enclosed water body are provided below the farming deck. The upper end of the net-enclosed water body is connected to the farming deck, and the lower end is connected to the barrel-enclosed water body. The aquaculture deck is also equipped with an aquaculture water body fixing frame, and the aquaculture water body fixing frame is provided with a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism controls the retraction and extension of the lifting rope to realize the lifting and lowering of the water body surrounded by the barrel; The device also includes a water supply system for injecting water into the water body surrounded by the barrel, and the water supply system can pump cool water from the bottom of the aquaculture water body.

[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of fixing ropes are provided at the bottom of the water body surrounded by the barrel, and the other ends of the fixing ropes are fixed to the bottom of the buoyancy box frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the water body surrounded by the net is surrounded by a net made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

[0009] Furthermore, the water body surrounded by the barrel is made of wind and wave resistant materials, which include artificial synthetic materials and metal materials, such as high-density polyethylene materials and aluminum alloy materials.

[0010] Furthermore, a drainage and sewage outlet is provided at the bottom of the water body surrounded by the barrel, and the drainage and sewage outlet is covered with a mesh to prevent the farmed fish from escaping, and the mesh is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

[0011] The present invention also provides a breeding platform, which is a ship-shaped truss structure. The ship-shaped truss structure is integrated by one or more of the above-mentioned offshore cold-water fish breeding devices.

[0012] Furthermore, the aquaculture platforms include aquaculture platforms without a driving power system that are anchored in a sea area with obvious vertical thermal stratification, and aquaculture platforms with a driving power system that can be transferred between different sea areas in different seasons.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for using a device for cultivating cold-water fish at sea with a switchable water-changing mode, comprising the following steps: When the water temperature in the upper layer of the aquaculture water area is suitable for aquaculture of cold-water fish, the water body in the barrel enclosure drops, and the net of the net enclosure water body remains vertically unfolded, and the water in the net enclosure water body is exchanged with the help of natural water flow; When the water temperature in the upper layer of the aquaculture water area is too high, the lifting rope is retracted, and the water body surrounding the barrel is controlled to rise to the same height as the upper end of the aquaculture deck. Sinkers are added to the net surrounding the water body so that the net is hung against the wall in the water body surrounding the barrel or it is retracted on the aquaculture deck. The water supply system is turned on to pump cool water from the bottom of the aquaculture water area and inject it into the water body surrounding the barrel. In this state, the water in the water body surrounding the barrel flows out through the drainage and sewage outlet at the bottom for exchange.

[0014] The present invention further provides an application of any of the above-mentioned devices for aquaculture of cold-water fish with a convertible water-changing mode in cold-water fish aquaculture. The device is suitable for aquaculture of cold-water fish in sea areas and inland waters with obvious vertical thermal stratification in high-temperature seasons. The cold-water fish are fish with a survival temperature below 20°C, including salmonids, sweetfish, sablefish, and their hybrids, triploids, all-female and transgenic individuals.

[0015] Furthermore, the device is also used for breeding fish whose suitable growth temperature is lower than the upper water temperature of the breeding water area, such as breeding greater amberjack in the summer in the southern waters of Hainan Island.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) The present invention provides a cold-water fish farming device at sea with a switchable water-changing mode. The device can switch between natural water exchange and deep-layer cold water pumping for water exchange. Only in the hot season can the bottom cold water of the sea be pumped for water exchange in the aquaculture water body. In the rest of the season, the water is switched to natural ocean currents for water exchange in the aquaculture water body. Compared with aquaculture vessels, the pumping and aquaculture time can be shortened to the greatest extent, and the energy consumption cost can be greatly reduced.

[0017] (2) The fish cultured in this device can be exposed to air and have their swim bladders replenished with air throughout the entire culture cycle. Compared with submersible truss cages, the construction of a swim bladder air replenishment system can be omitted, thus saving the device construction cost and production operation cost.

[0018] (3) The aquaculture water body of this device is in a broken state, which greatly reduces the weight of the device in the water. Compared with aquaculture work boats, this can save a lot of construction costs.

[0019] (4) In the transport state, the device is set to pump cool water from deep sea to exchange water for fish farming, which can avoid the damage of high-speed water flow generated during the transportation of the aquaculture platform to the farmed fish.

[0020] (5) In the fishing state, the device is set to pump cool water from the deep sea to exchange water, and use the fish suction pump to harvest or transfer farmed fish, making fishing and fish sorting operations more efficient and convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention in two water exchange states; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a ship-shaped truss aquaculture platform with a convertible water-changing method for aquaculture of cold-water fish at sea; In the above figures, 1. Aquaculture deck; 2. Barrel-enclosed water body; 3. Net-enclosed water body; 4. Lifting rope; 5. Fixed rope; 6. Water supply system; 7. Aquaculture water body fixed frame; 8. Lifting machinery; 9. Buoyancy box frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In order to further understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an offshore cold-water fish farming device with a convertible water-changing mode, the device comprising a farming deck 1, a barrel-enclosed water body 2, a net-enclosed water body 3, a lifting rope 4, a fixing rope 5, a water supply system 6, a farming water body fixing frame 7, a lifting machine 8 and a buoyancy box frame 9.

[0025] The aquaculture deck 1 is fixedly mounted on the top of the buoyancy box frame 9. Below the aquaculture deck 1 are a barrel-enclosed water body 2 and a net-enclosed water body 3. The net-enclosed water body 3 is surrounded by an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene net, the upper end of which is connected to the aquaculture deck 1 and the lower end is connected to the barrel-enclosed water body 2.

[0026] A breeding water body fixing frame 7 is also installed on the breeding deck 1. As can be seen from the figure, the breeding water body fixing frame 7 is located above the breeding deck 1 and has a cross-shaped structure, which can ensure the stability of the breeding water body fixing frame 7. A lifting mechanism 8 and a lifting rope 4 are provided on the upper crossbeam of the breeding water body fixing frame 7. The other end of the lifting rope 4 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the outer wall of the barrel-surrounded water body 2, and the lifting mechanism 8 controls the retraction and extension of the lifting rope 4, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the barrel-surrounded water body 2. At the same time, a number of fixed ropes 5 are also provided at the bottom of the barrel-surrounded water body 2, and the other end of the fixed rope 5 is fixed to the bottom of the buoyancy box frame 9 to ensure the stability of the barrel-surrounded water body 2. In order to ensure that the barrel-surrounded water body 2 is not damaged by wind and waves in the open sea, it is made of wind and wave-resistant materials.

[0027] The cross-sectional shapes of the barrel water body 2 and the net water body 3 can be circular, elliptical, square or polygonal. The net water body 3 is used to connect the barrel water body 2 and the aquaculture deck 1, forming a relatively independent aquaculture space below the aquaculture deck 1.

[0028] The device also includes a water supply system 6 for injecting water into the water body 2. During water supply, the water intake pipe of the water supply system 6 is opened to draw water, and then drained through the drainage outlet provided at the bottom of the water body 2, thereby achieving water exchange within the water body 2. Furthermore, to prevent the escape of farmed fish, the drainage outlet is covered with a mesh made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, when multiple offshore cold-water fish farming devices are integrated into a ship-shaped truss structure, a large-scale farming platform is obtained.

[0030] Specifically, the aquaculture platform can be an aquaculture platform without a driving power system anchored in a sea area with obvious vertical thermal stratification, or it can be an aquaculture platform with a driving power system that is transferred between different sea areas according to different seasons.

[0031] Example 2 The present invention provides a method for using a device for cultivating cold-water fish at sea with a switchable water-changing mode, comprising the following steps: When the water temperature in the upper layer of the aquaculture water area is suitable for aquaculture of cold-water fish, the barrel-enclosed water body 2 drops, and the net of the net-enclosed water body 3 remains vertically extended, and the water in the net-enclosed water body 3 is exchanged with the help of natural water flow; When the water temperature in the upper layer of the aquaculture water area is too high, the lifting rope 4 is retracted to control the barrel water body 2 to rise to the same height as the aquaculture deck 1; sinkers are added to the net of the net-enclosed water body 3 so that the net hangs against the wall in the barrel water body 2 or is retracted on the aquaculture deck 1; the water supply system 6 is turned on to pump cool water from the bottom of the aquaculture water area and inject it into the barrel water body 2; in this state, the water in the barrel water body 2 flows out through the drainage and sewage outlet at the bottom for exchange.

[0032] Application Example 1 Taking the aquaculture of migratory rainbow trout in Lianyungang as an example: (1) In late autumn and early winter, when the surface water temperature in the aquaculture area of Lianyungang drops below 18℃, a semi-submersible aquaculture platform with a cruising water exchange mode and a driving power system (see Figure 2 , hereinafter referred to as the breeding platform) is set to a natural water exchange breeding state (see Figure 1 (center left picture) and transport rainbow trout fingerlings weighing approximately 150 g each, which have been domesticated in salinized land-based water bodies, into the aquaculture platform; (2) The total number of rainbow trout stocked in the aquaculture platform is 6 × tails / m 3 × Total aquaculture volume of the aquaculture platform under natural water exchange conditions (barrel-enclosed water body 2 + net-enclosed water body 3); (3) The amount of aquaculture water occupied by aquaculture in the aquaculture platform increases as the size of the fish increases, and eventually the entire aquaculture water is occupied during the growth period; (4) Cultivate rainbow trout weighing about 150 g per tail until April or May of the following year, when the size can reach about 500 g per tail. The stocking density is controlled at 15 kg / m 3 about; (5) When the surface water temperature in the Lianyungang aquaculture area rises to 18°C, the bucket is hoisted to enclose the water body 2, the net is retracted to enclose the water body 3, and the aquaculture platform is set to the state of pumping surface water aquaculture (see Figure 1 Stocking density of fingerlings should not exceed 5 kg / m3 The aquaculture platform will be moved northward to the sea area with cold water resources at the bottom of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. The aquaculture platform will then be set to a natural water exchange aquaculture state to continue aquaculture. (6) When the surface water temperature in the aquaculture area rises to 20°C, the aquaculture platform is set to pump cool water from the bottom and continue aquaculture; the water temperature is maintained at 15-19°C by adjusting the water intake depth; (7) When the aquaculture area is seriously affected by typhoons, the aquaculture platform should be moved to the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea where there is low-temperature seawater at the bottom and it can avoid the typhoon, such as the waters west of Lushun or the leeward side of large islands; after the typhoon, it should be returned to the original aquaculture area for aquaculture; the water exchange mode should be set according to the upper seawater temperature of the aquaculture area. When the upper water temperature of the aquaculture area is higher than 20℃, the aquaculture platform should be set to the bottom water pumping aquaculture state; when it is lower than 20℃, it should be set to the natural water exchange state; (8) By the end of November and the beginning of December, the size of rainbow trout in the breeding platform can reach about 1500 g / tail, and the density is controlled at no more than 20 kg / m 3 ; (9) When the surface seawater temperature in Lianyungang waters drops to 19°C, the rainbow trout stocking density in the aquaculture platform will be diluted to 6 per m 3 The aquaculture platform was set to pump surface water aquaculture mode and returned to the Lianyungang aquaculture waters; (10) Set the aquaculture platform to a natural water exchange aquaculture state and continue aquaculture; by April or May of the following year, the size of rainbow trout aquacultured in the aquaculture platform will reach more than 4 kg / tail; before the water temperature rises to 19°C, products that meet commercial specifications will be harvested in succession.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, modifications, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for aquaculture cold-water fish at sea with a switchable water-changing mode, characterized in that: It includes a buoyancy box frame and a breeding deck fixedly installed on the top of the buoyancy box frame. A barrel-surrounded water body and a net-surrounded water body are arranged below the breeding deck. The upper end of the net-surrounded water body is connected to the breeding deck, and the lower end is connected to the barrel-surrounded water body. The aquaculture deck is also equipped with an aquaculture water body fixing frame, and the aquaculture water body fixing frame is provided with a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism controls the retraction and extension of the lifting rope to realize the lifting and lowering of the water body surrounded by the barrel; The device also includes a water supply system for injecting water into the water body surrounded by the barrel, and the water supply system can pump cool water from the bottom of the aquaculture water area.

2. The device for cultivating cold-water fish at sea with a water-changing mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of fixing ropes are arranged at the bottom of the water body surrounded by the barrel, and the other ends of the fixing ropes are fixed to the bottom of the buoyancy box frame.

3. The device for cultivating cold-water fish at sea with a water-changing mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The net-enclosed water body is surrounded by a net made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

4. The device for cultivating cold-water fish at sea with a switchable water-changing mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The barrel-surrounded water body is made of wind and wave-resistant materials, which include artificial synthetic materials and metal materials. The artificial synthetic materials include high-density polyethylene materials, and the metal materials include aluminum alloy materials.

5. The marine cold-water fish farming device with a switchable water-changing mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A drainage and sewage outlet is provided at the bottom of the water body surrounded by the barrel. A mesh is provided at the drainage and sewage outlet to prevent the farmed fish from escaping. The mesh is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

6. A breeding platform, characterized in that: The aquaculture platform is a ship-shaped truss structure, and the ship-shaped truss structure is integrated by one or more offshore cold-water fish aquaculture devices according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The breeding platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: The aquaculture platforms include aquaculture platforms without a driving power system that are anchored in a sea area with obvious vertical thermal stratification, and aquaculture platforms with a driving power system that can be transferred between different sea areas in different seasons.

8. A method for using the device for cultivating cold-water fish at sea with a switchable water-changing mode according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When the water temperature in the upper layer of the aquaculture water area is suitable for aquaculture of cold-water fish, the water body in the barrel enclosure drops, and the net of the net enclosure water body remains vertically unfolded, and the water in the net enclosure water body is exchanged with the help of natural water flow; When the water temperature in the upper layer of the aquaculture water area is too high, the lifting rope is retracted, and the water body surrounding the barrel is controlled to rise to the same height as the upper end of the aquaculture deck. Sinkers are added to the net surrounding the water body so that the net is hung against the wall in the water body surrounding the barrel or it is retracted on the aquaculture deck. The water supply system is turned on to pump cool water from the bottom of the aquaculture water area and inject it into the water body surrounding the barrel. In this state, the water in the water body surrounding the barrel flows out through the drainage and sewage outlet at the bottom for exchange.

9. Application of the marine cold-water fish farming device with a convertible water-changing mode according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in cold-water fish farming, characterized in that: The device is suitable for breeding cold-water fish in sea areas and inland waters with obvious vertical thermal stratification during high-temperature seasons. The cold-water fish are fish whose survival temperature is below 20°C, including salmonids, sweetfish, sablefish, and their hybrids, triploids, all-female and transgenic individuals.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that The device is used for breeding greater amberjack in the southern waters of Hainan Island in summer.

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