Method for improving extraction effectiveness of total saponins of panax ginseng

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of total saponins, and particularly relates to a method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total saponins of ginseng. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pretreating ginseng to obtain a pretreated mixture, carrying out ultrasonic extraction to obtain an extracting solution, stirring and mixing the extracting solution and a composite material, introducing gas in the stirring process, centrifuging after stirring, recycling the composite material, mixing the recycled composite material with a solvent, heating and stirring, centrifuging after stirring, collecting a desorption solution, concentrating and drying to obtain the ginseng extract. Wherein the composite material is obtained by compounding nano-particles and nano-fibers. The extraction effectiveness of the ginseng total saponins can be improved, and the extraction content is increased, so that the extraction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of total saponins, and particularly relates to a method for improving the extraction effectiveness of ginseng total saponins. Background Art

[0002] Ginsenosides are the main active ingredients in ginseng, with multiple pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory, and are widely used in the fields of medicine. However, traditional methods for extracting ginsenosides have shortcomings. For example, the solvent extraction method often uses ethanol or methanol as the extraction solvent, and extracts saponins by soaking, refluxing, etc. Although the operation is simple, the extraction efficiency is low. Subsequently, ultrasonic assisted extraction was introduced. Although ultrasonic extraction can shorten the extraction time, the extract still contains a large amount of non-target components, and the extraction efficiency still needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the extraction efficiency of ginsenosides.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned and other related purposes, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides comprises the following steps: pre-treating ginseng to obtain a pre-treated mixture, ultrasonically extracting to obtain an extract, stirring and mixing the extract and a composite material, introducing gas during the stirring process, centrifuging after stirring, recovering the composite material, mixing the recovered composite material with a solvent, heating and stirring, centrifuging after stirring, collecting a desorption liquid, concentrating and drying to obtain a ginseng extract; wherein the composite material is obtained by combining nanoparticles and nanofibers.

[0006] Furthermore, the specific steps of pre-treating ginseng include: washing, slicing and drying the ginseng roots, crushing them to a particle size of 0.5-1 mm to obtain crushed ginseng powder, and soaking the crushed ginseng powder in an ethanol solution to obtain a pre-treated mixture.

[0007] It should be noted that the solid-liquid ratio of the crushed ginseng powder and the ethanol solution is 1 g:5-20 mL.

[0008] Furthermore, the specific steps of ultrasonic extraction include: placing the pretreated mixture in an ultrasonic extraction device for ultrasonic extraction treatment to obtain a crude extract, filtering the crude extract to remove solid residues, and obtaining an extract;

[0009] The conditions for ultrasonic extraction treatment are: power 300-500W, frequency 20-60kHz, temperature 40-80°C, and extraction time 20-60 minutes.

[0010] Furthermore, when gas is introduced during the stirring process, the gas includes CO2 gas, and the gas parameters include a flow rate of 50-150 mL / min, a pressure of 0.05-0.2 MPa, and an introduction time of 10-60 minutes.

[0011] Furthermore, the solvent includes at least one of deionized water and ethanol.

[0012] Furthermore, the preparation method of the nanoparticles comprises the following steps:

[0013] DMF and anhydrous methanol are mixed to obtain a mixed solvent; tetraisopropyl titanate and 2-aminoterephthalic acid are added to the mixed solvent and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution; the mixed solution is subjected to a solvent thermal reaction, and after the reaction is completed, it is cooled to room temperature, centrifuged, and a precipitate is collected, washed, and dried to obtain nanoparticles.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of nanofibers includes the following steps: dispersing cellulose pulp in deionized water, stirring to obtain a suspension, adding TEMPO and sodium bromide, stirring to dissolve, adding sodium hypochlorite dropwise, adjusting the pH of the solution, reacting, and after the reaction is completed, washing, centrifuging, and collecting to obtain oxidized cellulose; dispersing the oxidized cellulose in deionized water to obtain a cellulose nanofiber aqueous dispersion, and drying to obtain nanofibers.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation method of the composite material includes the following steps: dispersing the nanoparticles in ethanol to obtain a suspension; dispersing the nanofibers in deionized water to obtain a nanofiber dispersion; slowly adding the suspension to the nanofiber dispersion while stirring, and continuing to stir after the addition is completed to obtain a mixed solution; concentrating the mixed solution until the volume is reduced by half, removing part of the solvent, and spray drying to obtain a composite material.

[0016] Furthermore, the spray drying conditions include an inlet temperature of 100-200° C., an outlet temperature of 50-90° C., and a feed rate of 5-20 mL / min.

[0017] Furthermore, the nanofiber has a fiber diameter of 5-20 nm and a length of 1-5 μm; and the particle size of the composite material is 10-50 μm.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention can improve the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides, thereby improving the extraction efficiency. The present invention first prepares nanoparticles, and the amino functional groups give MOF gas responsiveness, and the surface properties can be dynamically adjusted by CO2. Then, nanofibers are prepared. During the preparation process, the hydroxyl groups on the surface of cellulose are first oxidized to carboxyl groups, and then the oxidized cellulose is dissociated into nanoscale fibers. The nanofibers have a high specific surface area and rich hydroxyl / carboxyl functional groups, and can form a stable composite structure with the aforementioned prepared nanoparticles through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic effects, while providing a porous network. The porous network is a hierarchical porous structure that combines micropores, mesopores and macropores. Such a structure improves the adsorption capacity and mass transfer efficiency, and solves the problems of low saponin dissolution efficiency and low total saponin content in traditional extraction methods. Then, through the adsorption-desorption process of the composite material, non-saponin impurities (such as polysaccharides, proteins, etc.) in the extract can be effectively removed, and finally a high-content ginsenoside powder is obtained.

[0020] Among them, micropores: provided by nanoparticles, are mainly responsible for the highly selective adsorption of saponin molecules, which is achieved through hydrogen bonds (amino / bicarbonate and saponin hydroxyl groups) and van der Waals forces.

[0021] Mesopores: provided by nanofibers, which enhance mass transfer efficiency and promote the rapid entry of saponin molecules into adsorption sites.

[0022] Macropores: Provided by the pore structure of the composite material, it reduces the risk of pore blockage and increases adsorption capacity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the equipment and materials used in the examples can be easily obtained from commercial companies.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The specific steps for preparing nanoparticles are as follows:

[0027] 30 mL of DMF and 10 mL of anhydrous methanol were mixed to obtain a mixed solvent.

[0028] 0.5 g of tetraisopropyl titanate and 0.9 g of 2-aminoterephthalic acid were weighed and added to a mixed solvent, and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution.

[0029] The mixed solution was transferred to a 100 mL polytetrafluoroethylene-lined stainless steel reactor, sealed, and placed in an oven for solvothermal reaction at 150 °C for 24 h.

[0030] After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes. The precipitate was collected and washed three times with DMF to remove unreacted raw materials.

[0031] The precipitate was then washed with anhydrous methanol three times to remove DMF and dried to obtain nanoparticles, namely, gas-sensitive MOF nanoparticles.

[0032] It should be noted that the raw materials used in the above embodiment are specially explained:

[0033] DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide, purity ≥99.9%;

[0034] Anhydrous methanol: analytical grade (AR grade);

[0035] Tetraisopropyl titanate: Ti(OiPr)4, 98% purity;

[0036] 2-Aminoterephthalic acid: 99% purity.

[0037] It is further explained that under high-temperature solvent thermal conditions, tetraisopropyl titanate is hydrolyzed and forms a stable MOF structure through coordination with 2-aminoterephthalic acid.

[0038] The amino functional groups in 2-aminoterephthalic acid were introduced into the MOF framework, making the MOF nanoparticles gas-responsive. The amino functional groups are nucleophilic and alkaline, and can chemically or physically interact with acidic gases (such as CO2), thereby changing the surface properties or pore characteristics of the MOF.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Preparation of cellulose nanofibers, the specific steps are as follows:

[0041] Weigh 10 g of cellulose pulp, disperse it in 1 L of deionized water, and stir to obtain a uniform suspension.

[0042] Add 0.16 g of TEMPO and 1 g of sodium bromide, stir to dissolve, then slowly dropwise add 50 mL of 10% sodium hypochlorite, adjust the solution pH to 10 with 0.5 M sodium hydroxide solution, and react for 2 hours. After the reaction is complete, wash, centrifuge, and collect to obtain oxidized cellulose.

[0043] Oxidized cellulose was dispersed in 500 mL of deionized water and treated with a high shear homogenizer at 15,000 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aqueous dispersion.

[0044] The CNF dispersion was placed in a vacuum oven and dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain dry nanofibers with a fiber diameter of about 5-20 nm and a length of about 1-5 μm.

[0045] It should be noted that the raw materials used in the above embodiment are specially explained:

[0046] Cellulose pulp: bleached wood pulp, purity >95%;

[0047] TEMPO: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl radical, 98% purity;

[0048] Sodium bromide: NaBr, 99% purity;

[0049] Sodium hydroxide: analytical grade;

[0050] Sodium hypochlorite: NaClO.

[0051] It is further explained that TEMPO, as a catalyst, selectively oxidizes the C6 hydroxyl group on the cellulose molecular chain to a carboxyl group under the synergistic action of sodium hypochlorite and sodium bromide. Sodium hypochlorite is the main oxidant, providing oxidizing ability; sodium bromide acts as a co-catalyst to accelerate the oxidation reaction; and TEMPO achieves selective oxidation through a free radical mechanism. During the reaction, the pH is adjusted to 10 by sodium hydroxide to maintain the catalytic activity of TEMPO and prevent cellulose degradation. After oxidation, the carboxyl groups introduced on the cellulose surface increase the surface charge (negative charge), weakening the hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules through electrostatic repulsion, thereby facilitating subsequent mechanical dissociation. The oxidized cellulose is processed by a high shear homogenizer, and the shear force is used to dissociate the cellulose fibers into nanofibers.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] The specific steps for preparing the composite material are as follows:

[0054] 1 g of the nanoparticles prepared in Example 1 was weighed, dispersed in 50 mL of ethanol, and ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes to prepare a suspension.

[0055] 2 g of the nanofibers prepared in Example 2 were weighed, dispersed in 100 mL of deionized water, and ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes to prepare a nanofiber dispersion.

[0056] The suspension was slowly added dropwise to the nanofiber dispersion while stirring. After the addition was completed, stirring was continued for 2 hours to obtain a mixed solution.

[0057] The mixed solution was placed in a rotary evaporator and concentrated to half its volume under the conditions of 50° C. and 0.1 MPa to remove part of the solvent and form a concentrated mixed solution with a high concentration.

[0058] The concentrated mixture was spray-dried to obtain a composite material. The spray-drying conditions were: an inlet temperature of 120°C, an outlet temperature of 60°C, and a feed rate of 10 mL / min. The composite material consisted of composite microspheres with a particle size of approximately 10-50 μm.

[0059] It should be noted that the raw materials used in the above embodiment are specially explained:

[0060] Ethanol: analytical grade.

[0061] It is further explained that when the suspension is slowly added to the nanofiber dispersion, the nanoparticles can be evenly attached to the surface of the nanofibers through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic effects. The composite material finally prepared is formed by in-situ self-assembly of MOF nanoparticles in the nanofiber network to form a three-dimensional cross-linked porous network structure, which can provide a graded pore distribution of micropores (<2nm), mesopores (2-50nm) and macropores (>50μm). Among them, the micropores are provided by nanoparticles, the mesopores are provided by nanofibers, and the macropores are provided by the composite material. Because the nanoparticles are attached to the surface of the nanofibers, the gaps between the nanoparticles make the surface of the composite material also have pores.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] The method for improving the effectiveness of ginsenoside extraction is as follows:

[0064] Step 1: Wash, slice, and dry the ginseng roots, and crush them into particles of about 0.5-1 mm to obtain crushed ginseng powder.

[0065] 10.00 g of crushed ginseng powder was weighed and soaked in 100 mL of 60% ethanol solution to obtain a pretreated mixture.

[0066] Step 2: The pretreated mixture was placed in an ultrasonic extraction device for ultrasonic extraction to obtain a crude extract. The ultrasonic extraction conditions were: power 300W, frequency 40kHz, temperature 50°C, and extraction time 30 minutes.

[0067] Step 3: Filter the crude extract to remove solid residue to obtain an extract containing total saponins.

[0068] 0.2 g of the composite material prepared in Example 3 was added to the extract, and the mixed solution of the composite material and the extract was stirred at a stirring speed of 100 rpm, a temperature of 25° C., and a time of 1 hour.

[0069] During the stirring process, CO2 gas was introduced into the extract at a flow rate of 100 mL / min, a pressure of 0.1 MPa, and an introduction time of 30 minutes.

[0070] Step 4: After stirring, centrifuge at a low speed of 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to separate the composite material from the extract. At this time, the composite material has absorbed the total saponins in the extract.

[0071] Step 5: Desorption: After centrifugation, the recovered composite material was placed in a heating container, 20 mL of deionized water was added as a desorption medium, and the mixture was stirred at a stirring speed of 100 rpm, a temperature of 60°C-70°C, and a time of 30 minutes.

[0072] After stirring, the composite material was centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes to separate the desorption solution. At this time, the total saponins had been separated from the composite material and entered the desorption solution.

[0073] The desorption liquid is collected, and the desorption liquid contains high-concentration total saponins. The desorption liquid is concentrated by rotary evaporation and then freeze-dried to obtain ginseng extract, i.e., ginseng total saponins powder.

[0074] It is further explained that the pretreatment of the ginseng raw material in step 1 is to initially soften the cell wall and improve the dissolution efficiency of saponins.

[0075] In step 2, ultrasound-assisted extraction is performed to destroy the ginseng cell walls using the cavitation effect of ultrasound, thereby promoting the dissolution of saponins into the ethanol solution.

[0076] Step 3 utilizes the composite material in combination with gas to induce the adsorption of saponin molecules, which can cause the amino functional groups of the composite material to react with CO2, enhancing the surface hydrophilicity and facilitating the adsorption of saponin molecules. Specifically, CO2 gas is introduced into the extract, causing the amino functional groups on the surface of the composite material to react with CO2 to form bicarbonate, enhancing the surface hydrophilicity of the composite material and thus improving the adsorption efficiency of saponin molecules. The adsorption effect is mainly achieved through hydrogen bonds (amino groups / bicarbonate groups and saponin hydroxyl groups) and van der Waals forces in the micropores and mesopores, showing high selectivity.

[0077] In step 5, the desorption process involves heating (60°C-70°C) and using a polar solvent (deionized water) to disrupt the physical and chemical interactions (hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces) between the saponin molecules and the composite surface, causing them to detach from the composite surface. The presence of CO2 maintains the surface's hydrophilicity, but the high temperature enhances molecular thermal motion, disrupting the adsorption equilibrium. The addition of a polar solvent further wets the hydrophilic surface, improving desorption efficiency.

[0078] Through the adsorption-desorption process of the composite material, non-saponin impurities (such as polysaccharides, proteins, etc.) in the extract can be effectively removed, and finally a high-content ginsenoside powder is obtained.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] Different from Example 4, the composite material of Example 3 is not used, and steps 3 to 5 are changed as follows:

[0081] Step 3: Filter the crude extract to remove solid residue to obtain an extract containing saponins. Add 0.2 g of the nanoparticles prepared in Example 1 to the extract. Stir the mixture of nanoparticles and extract at 100 rpm, 25°C, and 1 hour.

[0082] During the stirring process, CO2 gas was introduced into the extract at a flow rate of 100 mL / min, a pressure of 0.1 MPa, and an introduction time of 30 minutes.

[0083] Step 4: After stirring, centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to separate the nanoparticles and the extract.

[0084] Step 5: Desorption: The recovered nanoparticles were placed in a heating container, 20 mL of deionized water was added as a desorption medium, and the mixture was stirred at a stirring speed of 100 rpm, a temperature of 60°C-70°C, and a time of 30 minutes.

[0085] After stirring, the mixture was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 5 minutes to separate the nanoparticles from the desorption solution.

[0086] The desorption liquid is collected, and the desorption liquid contains high concentration of saponins. The desorption liquid is concentrated by rotary evaporation and then freeze-dried to obtain ginseng extract, i.e., ginseng total saponin powder.

[0087] The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 4.

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] The method for extracting total ginsenosides is as follows:

[0090] Step 1: Wash, slice, and dry the ginseng roots, and crush them into particles of about 0.5-1 mm to obtain crushed ginseng powder.

[0091] 10.00 g of crushed ginseng powder was weighed and soaked in 100 mL of 60% ethanol solution to obtain a pretreated mixture.

[0092] Step 2: The pretreated mixture was placed in an ultrasonic extraction device for ultrasonic extraction to obtain a crude extract. The ultrasonic extraction conditions were: power 300W, frequency 40kHz, temperature 50°C, and extraction time 30 minutes.

[0093] Step 3: Filter the crude extract to remove solid residue to obtain an extract containing saponins.

[0094] Step 4: Concentrate and dry the extract to obtain ginseng extract.

[0095] This application aims to improve the extraction effectiveness of ginsenosides, thereby improving the extraction efficiency.

[0096] Therefore, a colorimetric reaction (vanillin-sulfuric acid method) is used for detection. Saponins react with vanillin under acidic conditions to form colored compounds, and the depth of the color can be used to preliminarily determine the saponin content.

[0097] 0.1 mL of the ginseng extract of Example 4 or Comparative Example 1 was added to 0.2 mL of a 5% vanillin-glacial acetic acid solution and 0.8 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain a mixed solution. The 5% vanillin-glacial acetic acid solution was prepared by mixing vanillin and glacial acetic acid, with a vanillin concentration of 5%.

[0098] Heat the mixed solution in a 60°C water bath for 10 minutes, cool it to room temperature, and observe the color change of the solution.

[0099] Judgment criteria: The darker the color, the higher the saponin concentration.

[0100] The solution results were: Example 4: dark purple-red; Comparative Example 1: light purple-red.

[0101] The purity was further determined based on the HPLC method: Example 4: 89.2%; Comparative Example 1: 76.5%; Comparative Example 2: 68.3%.

[0102] analyze:

[0103] Example 4: The darkest solution indicates the highest saponin concentration. This is attributed to the hierarchical pore structure (micropores, mesopores, and macropores) of the composite material (a composite structure of nanoparticles and nanofibers). This enhances the hydrophilicity of the composite surface through hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and CO2 induction, significantly improving the adsorption efficiency of saponins.

[0104] Comparative Example 1: The solution color is lower, indicating that the saponin extraction efficiency is lower than that of Example 4. This is because only nanoparticles are used, lacking the mesopores provided by nanofibers and the macroporous network provided by the composite material, and their structural adsorption capacity and selectivity are lower.

[0105] The results of Example 4 demonstrate the synergistic effect between the multi-level pore structure and the structure of the composite material. Although the nanoparticles used alone (Comparative Example 1) can also adsorb saponins through the amino functional group and CO2-induced mechanism, their adsorption capacity and selectivity are limited by the low specific surface area and single pore structure (micropores).

[0106] The nanofiber network in the composite material provides additional mesopores, and the composite material provides additional macroporous channels, which significantly improves the mass transfer efficiency and adsorption capacity, and also reduces the risk of pore blockage during the adsorption process.

[0107] Compared with the single ultrasonic extraction method, the addition of composite materials can further improve the extraction efficiency.

[0108] In summary, the composite material prepared in Example 3 (a composite structure of nanoparticles and nanofibers) achieved efficient adsorption of ginsenosides through its hierarchical pore structure. The micropores of the nanoparticles provided highly selective adsorption sites, while the mesopores of the nanofibers and the macroporous network of the composite material enhanced mass transfer efficiency, ensuring rapid access of saponin molecules to the adsorption sites.

[0109] Gas-induced adsorption is also utilized in this application. The amino functional group reacts with CO2 to generate bicarbonate, which enhances the hydrophilicity of the nanoparticle surface and significantly improves the hydrogen bonding effect on saponin molecules (containing a large number of hydroxyl groups), thereby improving the adsorption efficiency.

[0110] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: pre-treating ginseng to obtain a pre-treated mixture, ultrasonically extracting to obtain an extract, stirring and mixing the extract and a composite material, introducing gas during the stirring process, centrifuging after stirring, recovering the composite material, mixing the recovered composite material with a solvent, heating and stirring, centrifuging after stirring, collecting a desorption liquid, concentrating and drying to obtain a ginseng extract; wherein the composite material is obtained by compounding nanoparticles and nanofibers.

2. The method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of pre-treating ginseng include: washing, slicing and drying the ginseng roots, crushing them into particles with a diameter of 0.5-1 mm to obtain crushed ginseng powder, and soaking the crushed ginseng powder in an ethanol solution to obtain a pre-treated mixture.

3. The method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides according to claim 1, wherein: The specific steps of ultrasonic extraction include: placing the pretreated mixture in an ultrasonic extraction device for ultrasonic extraction treatment to obtain a crude extract, filtering the crude extract to remove solid residues to obtain an extract; The conditions for ultrasonic extraction treatment are: power 300-500W, frequency 20-60kHz, temperature 40-80°C, and extraction time 20-60 minutes.

4. The method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides according to claim 1, wherein: When gas is introduced during the stirring process, the gas includes CO2 gas, and the gas parameters include a flow rate of 50-150 mL / min, a pressure of 0.05-0.2 MPa, and an introduction time of 10-60 minutes.

5. The method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides according to claim 1, wherein: The solvent includes at least one of deionized water and ethanol.

6. The method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides according to claim 1, wherein: The method for preparing nanoparticles comprises the following steps: DMF and anhydrous methanol are mixed to obtain a mixed solvent; tetraisopropyl titanate and 2-aminoterephthalic acid are added to the mixed solvent and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution; the mixed solution is subjected to a solvent thermal reaction, and after the reaction is completed, it is cooled to room temperature, centrifuged, and a precipitate is collected, washed, and dried to obtain nanoparticles.

7. The method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of nanofibers includes the following steps: dispersing cellulose pulp in deionized water, stirring to obtain a suspension, adding TEMPO and sodium bromide, stirring to dissolve, adding sodium hypochlorite dropwise, adjusting the pH of the solution, reacting, washing after the reaction is completed, centrifuging, and collecting to obtain oxidized cellulose; dispersing the oxidized cellulose in deionized water to obtain a cellulose nanofiber aqueous dispersion, and drying to obtain nanofibers.

8. The method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite material includes the following steps: dispersing nanoparticles in ethanol to obtain a suspension; dispersing nanofibers in deionized water to obtain a nanofiber dispersion; slowly dropping the suspension into the nanofiber dispersion while stirring, and continuing to stir after the dropping is completed to obtain a mixed solution; concentrating the mixed solution until the volume is reduced by half, removing part of the solvent, and spray drying to obtain the composite material.

9. The method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides according to claim 8, characterized in that: The spray drying conditions included an inlet temperature of 100-200°C, an outlet temperature of 50-90°C, and a feed rate of 5-20 mL / min.

10. The method for improving the extraction effectiveness of total ginsenosides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber diameter of the nanofiber is 5-20nm and the length is 1-5μm; the particle size of the composite material is 10-50μm.