Dynamic regulation and control device and method for directional energy deposition material composition

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic regulation and control device and method for directional energy deposition material composition. The dynamic regulation and control device comprises at least two powder feeding cylinders, a powder mixing cylinder, a pair of oppositely-arranged powder feeding pipes, a pair of oppositely-arranged air blowing pipes and a multi-stage spiral static mixer. The bottom of each powder feeding barrel is provided with a powder feeding disc with the rotating speed independently adjusted, and two powder feeding pipes are communicated with the two powder feeding discs and the top of the powder mixing barrel. The air blowing pipes are oppositely arranged at the top of the powder mixing barrel in a staggered mode, and the air blowing pipes and the powder feeding pipes are arranged in a staggered mode in the vertical direction; and the multi-stage spiral static mixer is arranged at the lower part of the powder mixing barrel, and a plurality of independent spiral channels are formed by a plurality of layers of flow guide partition plates which are arranged in a staggered manner. The material composition can be dynamically regulated and controlled, the mixing uniformity is improved, and the powder mixing effect is further optimized according to different powder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing and relates to a device and method for dynamically controlling the composition of directed energy deposition materials. Background Art

[0002] Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is an additive manufacturing process based on high-energy beams (such as lasers, electron beams, or arcs). It builds metal parts with complex geometries layer by layer by synchronously feeding metal powder or wire and then depositing it through cladding. This technology is widely used in aerospace, energy equipment, and biomedicine, and has significant advantages in repairing high-value components and manufacturing functionally graded materials (FGMs). The performance of functionally graded materials depends on the continuous or discrete changes in their composition. Traditional DED equipment typically uses a single powder feeding system or premixed powders with a fixed ratio, making it difficult to dynamically control the material composition. This leads to problems such as uneven microstructure and insufficient interfacial bonding strength, limiting its application in multi-material composite structures.

[0003] While DED technology has shown promise in the fabrication of complex components and the development of functionally graded materials (FGMs), its ability to dynamically control material composition still faces significant challenges. Existing powder mixing technologies primarily rely on Y-tubes or conventional three-way mixing structures. These designs are prone to powder stratification and agglomeration when mixing large density differences (e.g., titanium alloys and tungsten-based alloys) or heterogeneous materials (e.g., metal and ceramic powders) due to gravity sorting and uneven airflow distribution. This can lead to mixing uniformity errors as high as ±10%-15%, severely limiting the performance consistency of FGMs. Furthermore, conventional powder mixing devices (e.g., static mixers or simple airflow mixing) are limited by design flaws and are prone to powder stratification and agglomeration. This is particularly true when conveying nanopowders or heterogeneous materials, resulting in low mixing efficiency, which directly impacts the density and mechanical properties of the deposited layer. Furthermore, the interaction between the powder feed airflow and the high-energy beam often causes powder to splash or deviate from the melt pool, resulting in material waste and reduced utilization. Uneven airflow distribution further exacerbates melt pool fluctuations, leading to reduced forming accuracy. Existing powder mixing structures mostly use symmetrical powder feeding tubes or unidirectional airflow designs, which make it difficult to form an efficient turbulent mixing field. In addition, due to the lack of a real-time feedback control system, the powder feeding parameters cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the molten pool state, which ultimately limits the process stability and controllability of material properties.

[0004] The design of powder mixing structures in existing technologies is often limited to a single function. For example, the use of symmetrical powder feeding tubes or unidirectional airflow makes it difficult to form an efficient turbulent mixing field within a limited space, resulting in limited powder mixing effects. Powder feeding devices lacking a real-time feedback control system cannot dynamically adjust powder feeding parameters based on the powder mixing state, further reducing process stability and the controllability of material properties. Furthermore, the structure of traditional powder mixing devices is fixed and single, making it impossible to flexibly adjust mixing intensity based on different powder properties (such as viscosity and density differences). For example: Fixed air flow nozzles have difficulty suppressing powder splashing and are particularly sensitive to airflow interference with lightweight powders (such as aluminum alloys). The number of static mixer stages is not adjustable, and when faced with high-density powders (such as tungsten / titanium mixtures), insufficient mixing can easily lead to component segregation. The powder feeding barrel lacks an anti-accumulation design, and often becomes blocked when conveying nano or highly viscous powders, requiring frequent shutdowns for cleaning.

[0005] The above defects further limit the powder mixing efficiency and process continuity. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a dynamic control device and method for the composition of directed energy deposition materials, which can dynamically control the material composition, improve the mixing uniformity and further optimize the powder mixing effect according to different powders.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A dynamic control device for directed energy deposition material composition, comprising at least two powder feeding cylinders, a powder mixing cylinder, a pair of powder feeding pipes, a pair of air blowing pipes and a multi-stage spiral static mixer; The bottom of each powder feeding cylinder is equipped with a powder feeding disc with independently adjustable speed. Two powder feeding pipes are connected to the two powder feeding discs and the top of the powder mixing cylinder respectively. The pair of powder feeding pipes are arranged opposite to each other on the top of the powder mixing barrel, the pair of air blowing pipes are perpendicular to the powder feeding pipes and are arranged opposite to each other and staggered on the top of the powder mixing barrel, and the pair of air blowing pipes and the pair of powder feeding pipes are staggered in the vertical direction; the multi-stage spiral static mixer is arranged at the lower part of the powder mixing barrel, and multiple independent spiral channels are formed by multiple layers of staggered guide baffles.

[0008] Preferably, the diversion directions of adjacent diversion baffles of the multi-stage spiral static mixer are alternately distributed orthogonally, and the surfaces of the diversion baffles are provided with V-shaped diversion cavities.

[0009] Preferably, each end of the blowing pipe is provided with a detachable vortex generating joint, and a spiral guide plate is provided inside the vortex generating joint.

[0010] Preferably, a piezoelectric ceramic vibrating piece is provided at the bottom of each powder feeding cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, the guide baffles of the multi-stage spiral static mixer are installed in layers by detachable threaded buckles.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a feedback control system, which includes an infrared spectrum sensor, a high-speed camera and a controller. The infrared spectrum sensor and the high-speed camera are respectively arranged at the printing nozzle and the edge of the molten pool. The controller is connected to the driving components of the powder feeding plate and the air blowing pipe.

[0013] A dynamic control method of the dynamic control device composed of the directed energy deposition material comprises the following steps: S1: delivering a first powder and a second powder respectively from at least two powder feeding cylinders, and controlling the delivery ratio of the first powder and the second powder by independently adjusting the rotation speed of a powder feeding disk at the bottom of each powder feeding cylinder; S2: feeding the first powder and the second powder into the powder mixing cylinder through two powder feeding pipes; S3: Simultaneously with step S2, a pair of air blowing pipes arranged vertically interlaced with the pair of powder feeding pipes are used to blow air in opposite directions into the powder mixing cylinder to form a cross airflow that is not coplanar with the powder airflow, thereby preliminarily mixing the first powder and the second powder; S4: The preliminarily mixed powder is guided to a multi-stage spiral static mixer provided at the lower portion of the powder mixing barrel, and the powder is further mixed through multiple independent spiral channels formed by multiple layers of guide baffles.

[0014] Preferably, in S3, the gas blown into the powder mixing cylinder is a rotating vortex formed after being processed by a vortex generating joint.

[0015] Preferably, in S1, vibration is applied to the bottoms of at least two powder feeding cylinders.

[0016] Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of: S5: The uniformity of the mixed powder output after step S4 and the spattering at the edge of the molten pool are monitored in real time by an infrared spectroscopy sensor and a high-speed camera respectively; S6: According to the monitoring results, dynamically adjust the speed of the powder feeding plate and the air pressure of the air blowing pipe in step S1.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By independently controlling the speed of the powder feeder discs and the mixing ratio of the powders in the two powder feeder tubes, this method meets the requirements of functionally graded materials for continuously varying composition, eliminating the cumbersome process of premixing powders or frequently replacing powder feeder tubes. The cyclonic effect created by the non-coplanar, cross-flowing airflow, combined with the turbulent flow guidance structure of the multi-stage spiral static mixer, effectively eliminates powder stratification and agglomeration, achieving a mixing uniformity error of ≤±2%, making it particularly suitable for the composite deposition of nanopowders and heterogeneous materials.

[0018] Furthermore, the vortex generating joint reduces the powder splash rate to ≤2%, adapting to the airflow requirements of light and heavy powders.

[0019] Furthermore, piezoelectric vibration technology completely solves the clogging problem of high-viscosity powders and increases the continuous operation time by 3 times.

[0020] Furthermore, the modular spiral mixer supports 3-10 levels of adjustment to cope with density differences ≥ 5g / cm 3 Heterogeneous powder mixture.

[0021] Furthermore, the feedback system monitors and adjusts powder feeding parameters and airflow distribution in real time, reducing powder splashing and melt pool fluctuations, increasing material utilization by 15%-20%, and controlling the forming accuracy error within ±0.1mm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A two-dimensional structural diagram of a dynamic control device composed of directed energy deposition materials of the present invention; Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a dynamic control device composed of directed energy deposition materials of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the powder mixing tube of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a two-dimensional cross-sectional view of the powder mixing tube of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a two-dimensional cross-sectional view of the vortex generating joint of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the airflow direction above the powder mixing tube of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the airflow direction in the powder mixing tube of the present invention.

[0023] Among them: 1-powder feeding plate; 2-powder feeding cylinder; 3-air blowing pipe; 4-vortex generating joint; 5-speed knob; 6-additive manufacturing equipment; 7-powder mixing pipe; 8-powder feeding pipe; 9-powder mixing cylinder; 10-threaded buckle; 11-servo motor; 12-piezoelectric ceramic vibration plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the said features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. The terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, or able to communicate with each other; they can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or they can be internally connected between two elements or an interactive relationship between two elements. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0028] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples for realizing different structures of the present invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the present invention may repeat reference numbers and / or reference letters in different examples. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the directed energy deposition material composition dynamic control device described in this embodiment includes a powder feeding module, a powder mixing module and a feedback control system.

[0030] The powder feeding module consists of two powder feeding barrels 2, namely powder feeding barrel A and powder feeding barrel B, which are loaded with different types of powders, powder A and powder B, such as nickel-based high-temperature alloy and titanium alloy or titanium and tungsten alloy. The dynamic range of the mixing ratio of powder A and powder B is 1:10 to 10:1. The bottom of each powder feeding barrel 2 is equipped with an independently adjustable speed powder feeding disc 1. The surface of the powder feeding disc 1 is hard chrome-plated to enhance wear resistance. The powder feeding disc 1 is connected to the servo motor 11 and is driven to rotate by the servo motor 11. The speed of the servo motor 11 is controlled by the speed knob 5. The speed of the powder feeding disc 1 is independently adjusted by the speed knob 5 within an adjustment range of 10-200rpm. The powder feeding accuracy error is ≤±1.5%. The rotation of the powder feeding disc 1 creates a negative pressure, which draws the powder into the powder feeding pipe 8. The powder feeding amount is dynamically controlled by adjusting the speed of the powder feeding disc 1. To prevent clogging by high-viscosity powder, a piezoelectric ceramic vibrating piece 12 is installed at the bottom of each powder feeding tube 2. Its vibration frequency is 50-200 Hz and amplitude is 0.1-0.5 mm. It is driven by an external controller to prevent accumulation of high-viscosity powder.

[0031] The powder mixing module includes a powder mixing cylinder 9, the upper part of which is a cylindrical structure with an inner diameter of 80-150 mm and a height of 200-400 mm, and the lower part is a conical structure with a cone angle of 30°-60°. A powder outlet with a diameter of 5-15 mm is provided at the bottom for outputting the mixed powder and transmitting it to the additive manufacturing equipment 6 through the powder mixing pipe 7.

[0032] A pair of powder feeding pipes 8 and a pair of air blowing pipes 3 are arranged opposite to each other on the top of the powder mixing cylinder 9. The two powder feeding pipes 8 are connected to the powder feeding cylinders A and B respectively. The air flow direction is parallel to the horizontal plane, the pressure is 0.2-0.8 MPa, and the air flow rate is 5-20 L / min. The two air blowing pipes 3 include pipes C and pipes D, which are arranged opposite to each other on the top of the powder mixing cylinder 9. They only blow air without feeding powder, and the air pressure is 0.5-1.2 MPa. Figure 6As shown, pipelines C and D are staggered with the two powder delivery pipes 8 in the vertical direction with a spacing of 20-50 mm, forming a cyclone mixing effect through non-coplanar cross airflow.

[0033] The end of the air blowing pipe 3 is provided with a vortex generating joint 4, such as Figure 5 As shown, it contains a guide vane with an inclination angle of 30°-60°, which converts the straight airflow into a vortex with a swirl angle of 15°-45°, and the connection method is a detachable threaded interface.

[0034] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a multi-stage spiral static mixer is provided inside the powder mixing barrel 9. The multi-stage spiral static mixer is composed of 3-10 layers of guide baffles installed by detachable threaded buckles 10. The number of stages can be adjusted according to the difference in powder properties. The spacing between the guide baffles is 5-15mm. The center of the guide baffle is flat and has a through hole. The surrounding area extends obliquely outward to form a cone. The cavity in the cone forms a V-shaped guide cavity with a cavity depth of 0.5-2mm. Figure 7 As shown, multiple independent spiral channels are formed to guide the powder to generate turbulence and improve mixing uniformity; the guide directions of adjacent partitions are arranged orthogonally to guide turbulence to form efficient mixing.

[0035] The materials of the powder mixing cylinder 9 and the guide baffle are stainless steel or hard alloy, and the inner wall is polished to a surface roughness of Ra≤0.8μm.

[0036] The feedback control system includes an infrared spectrum sensor and a high-speed camera, which are respectively installed at the printing nozzle and the edge of the molten pool to monitor the uniformity of the mixed powder and the splashing at the edge of the molten pool in real time; based on the monitoring data, the speed and blowing pressure of the powder feeding plate 1 are automatically adjusted to ensure the real-time optimization of the mixing ratio and airflow state.

[0037] The entire equipment is connected to the inert gas supply system, and protective gas is provided by a high-purity argon cylinder to ensure that the powder feeding and mixing processes are not oxidized.

[0038] Implementation Case 1: Preparation of gradient materials using titanium / nickel high-density powders.

[0039] Equipment assembly and parameter setting: (1) Inert gas supply system: A high-purity argon cylinder (purity ≥ 99.999%) is used as the protective gas source, which is connected to the powder feeding cylinder 2 and the air blowing pipe 3 through a pressure reducing valve to ensure stable gas pressure.

[0040] (2) Powder feeding module configuration: Powder feeding tube A is loaded with nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder (particle size 45-105μm), and powder feeding tube B is loaded with titanium alloy powder (particle size 50-110μm).

[0041] An independent powder feeding plate 1 is installed at the bottom of the powder feeding barrels A and B. The surface of the powder feeding plate 1 is hard chrome plated to improve wear resistance. The speed of the powder feeding plate 1 is adjusted by a manual knob. The speed range is 10-200rpm, and the accuracy error is ≤±1.5%; (3) Pipeline connection: The powder feeding cylinders A and B are respectively connected to the two powder feeding pipes 8 on the top of the powder mixing cylinder 9. The powder feeding air flow pressure is set to 0.5 MPa and the air flow rate is 10 L / min.

[0042] Two air blowing pipes 3 are connected to the top of the powder mixing cylinder 9, the air blowing pressure is set to 0.8 MPa, the air blowing direction is level with the horizontal plane, and the vertical distance from the powder feeding pipe 8 is 30 mm.

[0043] (4) Structure of powder mixing cylinder 9: The upper cylindrical section has an inner diameter of 100 mm and a height of 300 mm. It is made of stainless steel and the inner wall is polished to Ra ≤ 0.6 μm.

[0044] The lower multi-stage spiral static mixer consists of 6 layers of alternately distributed guide baffles, with a guide baffle spacing of 10 mm, a surface V-shaped guide groove depth of 1 mm, and a spiral channel pitch of 30 mm.

[0045] The cone angle of the conical outlet is 45° and the outlet diameter is 8mm.

[0046] (5) Sensor and feedback system: An infrared spectroscopy sensor is installed in the 7-way powder mixing pipe to monitor the composition uniformity of the mixed powder in real time; a high-speed camera is installed above the 3D printing melt pool to capture the melt pool morphology and powder deposition trajectory.

[0047] Steps: (1) Initialization settings: Rotate the manual powder feeding disk 1 speed knob 5 to set the speed of powder feeding barrel A to 80 rpm (corresponding to a powder feeding rate of 12 g / min), the speed of powder feeding barrel B to 40 rpm (corresponding to a powder feeding rate of 6 g / min), and the mixing ratio to 2:1.

[0048] Adjust the fixing brackets of the two air blowing pipes 3 so that the vertical distance between the air blowing direction and the horizontal plane of the powder feeding pipe 8 is 30 mm, and the air blowing angle error is ≤±0.5°.

[0049] (2) Start inert gas and powder feeding: Open the valve of the argon gas cylinder, stabilize the powder delivery air flow pressure to 0.5MPa, and stabilize the blowing pressure to 0.8MPa; Start the powder feeding tubes A and B, and the powder is sprayed toward the powder mixing tube 9 through the powder feeding tubes A and B. The two blowing tubes 3 blow air synchronously to form non-coplanar cross airflows, generating a cyclone effect on the upper part of the powder mixing tube 9.

[0050] (3) Mixing and conveying: The mixed powder is initially mixed in the cyclone area and then enters the multi-stage spiral static mixer, where turbulence is generated under the guidance of the V-shaped guide groove, and the mixing uniformity error is ≤±2%.

[0051] The mixed powder was delivered to the 3D printing equipment (laser power 3 kW, scanning speed 10 mm / s) through the conical outlet.

[0052] (4) Real-time feedback adjustment: When the infrared spectrum sensor detects that the ratio of nickel-based alloy in the mixed powder fluctuates to 1.8:1, the feedback control system automatically increases the speed of the powder feeding barrel B to 45 rpm to restore the mixing ratio to 2:1.

[0053] When the high-speed camera detects that the powder splash rate at the edge of the molten pool is greater than 5%, the system automatically reduces the blowing pressure to 0.7MPa to reduce airflow interference.

[0054] (5) Forming and post-processing: After deposition, a functionally gradient material sample was obtained, with the composition gradually changing from the bottom (100% titanium alloy) to the top (66.7% nickel-based alloy + 33.3% titanium alloy).

[0055] Implementation Case 2: Preparation of gradient materials using titanium / tungsten high-density powders.

[0056] Equipment assembly and parameter setting: (1) Inert gas supply system: High-purity argon cylinders (purity ≥ 99.999%) are used to output a stable gas flow through a two-stage pressure reducing valve.

[0057] (2) Powder feeding module configuration: Powder feeding cylinder A is loaded with titanium powder (Ti-6Al-4V, density 4.43g / cm 3 , particle size 45-105μm).

[0058] Powder feeding tube B is loaded with tungsten powder (W-10%Re, density 19.3g / cm 3 , particle size 20-53μm).

[0059] (3) Piezoelectric vibration anti-blocking system: A piezoelectric ceramic piece is integrated at the bottom of the powder feeding tube 2, with a set vibration frequency of 150 Hz and an amplitude of 0.3 mm (for high-density powder).

[0060] (4) Pipeline and airflow optimization: The air flow pressure of powder feeding pipe 8 is 0.6MPa and the flow rate is 12L / min; A detachable vortex generating joint 4 (swirl angle 30°, guide vane inclination angle 45°) is installed at the end of the blowing pipe 3, and the blowing pressure is 1.0 MPa (for high-density powder).

[0061] (5) Structure of powder mixing cylinder 9: The upper cylindrical section has an inner diameter of 120 mm and a height of 350 mm (enlarged to accommodate powders with high density differences).

[0062] Lower modular multi-stage spiral mixer: 8 layers of guide baffles (original basic number of stages: 6 layers) are installed through threaded buckles 10, with a baffle spacing of 8 mm and a V-groove depth of 1.5 mm.

[0063] The conical outlet has a diameter of 10 mm (to prevent tungsten powder from clogging).

[0064] Steps (1) Initialization settings: The piezoelectric vibration system (150 Hz) was started and the vibration was continued for 10 minutes to eliminate titanium powder agglomeration.

[0065] Set the speed of powder feeder A to 50 rpm (powder feeding rate 7.5 g / min), the speed of powder feeder B to 100 rpm (powder feeding rate 15 g / min), and the mixing ratio to 1:2 (titanium:tungsten); adjust the vortex generator to a swirl angle of 30°.

[0066] (2) Mixing and sedimentation: Turn on the argon gas and powder feeding, and the titanium / tungsten powders are mixed in a cyclone through non-coplanar cross airflow; the mixed powders enter the 8-layer spiral mixer, forming strong turbulence (Reynolds number > 5000) in the V-shaped groove, overcoming the gravity sorting effect.

[0067] The mixed powder is transported to the laser DED equipment (power 3kW, scanning speed 8mm / s) to deposit the rocket nozzle transition layer.

[0068] (3) Real-time feedback adjustment: When the infrared spectrum sensor detects that the tungsten powder ratio fluctuates to 68% (the target is 66.7%), the speed of the powder feeder B is automatically reduced to 95 rpm.

[0069] When the high-speed camera shows that the molten pool spatter rate is greater than 3%, the vortex generator automatically adjusts the swirl angle to 35° (the guide vane inclination angle is simultaneously increased to 50°).

[0070] Forming and testing: A gradient material sample was obtained (100% titanium at the bottom → 33.3% titanium + 66.7% tungsten at the top).

[0071] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present application are for description only and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0072] In the above embodiments of the present application, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0073] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the device embodiments described above are only exemplary. For example, the division of the units can be a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules, which can be electrical or other forms.

[0074] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0075] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

[0076] It should be understood that the above description is for illustration and not for limitation. Many embodiments and many applications beyond the examples provided will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of this patent should not be determined with reference to the above description, but rather with reference to the preceding claims and the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. For the purpose of completeness, all articles and references, including disclosures of patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein from the preceding claims is not a disclaimer of such subject matter, nor should it be considered that the applicants did not consider such subject matter to be part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

Claims

1. A dynamic control device for directed energy deposition material composition, characterized in that: It comprises at least two powder feeding cylinders (2), a powder mixing cylinder (9), a pair of powder feeding pipes (8) arranged opposite to each other, a pair of air blowing pipes (3) arranged opposite to each other, and a multi-stage spiral static mixer; A powder feeding disc (1) with independently adjustable rotation speed is provided at the bottom of each powder feeding barrel (2), and two powder feeding pipes (8) are respectively connected to the top of the two powder feeding discs (1) and the powder mixing barrel (9); The pair of powder feeding pipes (8) are arranged oppositely on the top of the powder mixing barrel (9); the pair of air blowing pipes (3) are perpendicular to the powder feeding pipes (8) and are arranged oppositely and staggered on the top of the powder mixing barrel (9); and the pair of air blowing pipes (3) and the pair of powder feeding pipes (8) are staggered in the vertical direction; the multi-stage spiral static mixer is arranged at the lower part of the powder mixing barrel (9), and a plurality of independent spiral channels are formed by multiple layers of staggered guide baffles.

2. The dynamic control device for directed energy deposition material composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diversion directions of adjacent diversion baffles of the multi-stage spiral static mixer are orthogonally and alternately distributed, and the surfaces of the diversion baffles are provided with V-shaped diversion cavities.

3. The dynamic control device for directed energy deposition material composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each end of the air blowing pipe (3) is provided with a detachable vortex generating joint (4), and a spiral guide plate is provided inside the vortex generating joint (4).

4. The dynamic control device for directed energy deposition material composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: A piezoelectric ceramic vibrating piece (12) is provided at the bottom of each powder feeding barrel (2).

5. The dynamic control device for directed energy deposition material composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide baffles of the multi-stage spiral static mixer are installed in layers through detachable threaded buckles (10).

6. The dynamic control device for directed energy deposition material composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a feedback control system, an infrared spectrum sensor, a high-speed camera and a controller. The infrared spectrum sensor and the high-speed camera are respectively arranged at the printing nozzle and the edge of the molten pool. The controller is connected to the driving components of the powder feeding plate (1) and the air blowing pipe (3).

7. A dynamic control method of a dynamic control device based on the directed energy deposition material composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: delivering a first powder and a second powder respectively from at least two powder delivery cylinders (2), and controlling the delivery ratio of the first powder and the second powder by independently adjusting the rotation speed of a powder delivery disk (1) at the bottom of each powder delivery cylinder (2); S2: feeding the first powder and the second powder into the powder mixing cylinder (9) through two powder feeding pipes (8); S3: Simultaneously with step S2, a pair of air blowing pipes (3) arranged vertically interlaced with the pair of powder feeding pipes (8) are used to blow opposite gases into the powder mixing cylinder (9), thereby forming a cross airflow that is not coplanar with the powder airflow, thereby preliminarily mixing the first powder and the second powder; S4: The powder after preliminary mixing is guided to a multi-stage spiral static mixer provided at the lower part of the powder mixing cylinder (9), and the powder is further mixed through a multi-layer independent spiral channel formed by multi-layered guide baffles.

8. The dynamic control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S3, the gas blown into the powder mixing cylinder (9) is a rotating vortex formed after being processed by the vortex generating joint (4).

9. The dynamic control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S1, vibration is applied to the bottoms of at least two powder feeding cylinders (2).

10. The dynamic control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes the steps: S5: The uniformity of the mixed powder output after step S4 and the spattering at the edge of the molten pool are monitored in real time by an infrared spectroscopy sensor and a high-speed camera respectively; S6: According to the monitoring results, dynamically adjust the rotation speed of the powder feeding plate (1) and the air pressure of the air blowing pipe (3) in step S1.

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