High-gloss black decorative glass prepared from sludge incineration ash through all-electric melting method and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-gloss black decorative glass prepared from sludge incineration ash by an all-electric melting method. The high-gloss black decorative glass comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 75-79% of fly ash, 5-7% of calcium carbonate, 9-10% of sodium carbonate, 5-6% of potassium alkali, 1-1.4% of boric acid, 0.03-0.04% of porous carbon, 0.06-0.08% of semi-coke powder, 0.16-0.22% of cobaltosic oxide, 0.1-0.2% of cerium dioxide, 0.04-0.06% of neodymium oxide, 0.5-0.7% of waste zircon brick powder and 0.03-0.05% of yttrium oxide. The dedusting ash is electrostatic dedusting ash collected by incineration of filtered sludge in a municipal sewage treatment plant, and belongs to hazardous waste; the porous carbon is rich in a hierarchical pore structure of sub-nano pores (0.5-1.0 nm). According to the method, a closed-loop production mode that waste is used for treating waste is constructed, high-added-value decorative materials are produced while energy consumption is reduced, and environmental protection investment is converted into economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization of sludge incineration ash, and in particular to a method for preparing high-gloss black decorative glass by using sludge incineration ash through a full electric melting process. Background Art

[0002] With accelerating urbanization, the amount of sludge generated by sewage treatment plants has been increasing year by year. The dust ash produced after sludge incineration contains heavy metals and organic pollutants, making it classified as hazardous waste. Traditional disposal methods primarily rely on landfill or cement kiln co-processing. However, landfilling consumes land resources and poses the risk of leachate contamination, while cement kiln co-processing has strict restrictions on the proportion of hazardous waste that can be incorporated, making it difficult to achieve large-scale disposal. Converting sludge incineration ash into high-value-added products has become a pressing technical challenge in the field of solid waste resource utilization.

[0003] In the field of hazardous waste resource utilization, existing technologies primarily focus on low-value-added building materials, such as using dust from dust collectors to produce ceramsite, unfired bricks, or roadbed materials. While these methods can effectively dispose of solid waste, product performance is significantly affected by raw material fluctuations, and they are unable to effectively utilize the silicon-aluminum-based components and trace metal elements in the ash. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop hazardous waste utilization technologies that combine high value and environmentally friendly characteristics.

[0004] Black decorative glass, a high-end architectural and interior decoration material, continues to see growing market demand. Its traditional preparation relies on natural mineral raw materials such as quartz sand and feldspar, and requires the addition of expensive colorants such as cobalt and nickel. However, the mining of natural raw materials exacerbates resource consumption, while conventional coloring processes suffer from insufficient color saturation and large gloss fluctuations. While recent studies have attempted to incorporate industrial waste residues to produce dark glass, these efforts have been limited to a single waste residue system. Furthermore, the resulting product exhibits uneven blackness and is prone to surface defects, making it difficult to meet the aesthetic requirements of decorative glass.

[0005] Fully electric-melted glassmaking technology, with its precise controllable melting temperature, low energy consumption, and minimal pollutant emissions, is becoming a key driver of the glass industry's green transformation. However, existing electric-melting processes require high raw material homogeneity. Sludge incineration ash, due to its complex composition and fluctuating impurity levels, has yet to be used in the production of high-gloss glass using electric-melting methods. Key challenges in achieving this technology include formula design and process control to inhibit nucleation and crystallization, stabilize the solidification of heavy metals, and enhance surface finish. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a method for producing high-gloss black decorative glass using sludge incineration ash as the primary raw material through an all-electric fusion process. This method aims to address the challenges of large-scale hazardous waste disposal while achieving low-cost, high-value-added solid waste resource utilization. Through innovative raw material formulation and coordinated control of the all-electric fusion process, this technology transforms hazardous waste ash generated by sludge incineration in municipal sewage treatment plants into black decorative glass with a high surface finish and uniform, stable color. This overcomes the bottlenecks of traditional technologies, such as insufficient heavy metal solidification and low product performance.

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] High-gloss black decorative glass is prepared by the full electric melting method using sludge incineration ash. The raw material components are as follows by weight: 75-79% dust removal ash, 5-7% calcium carbonate, 9-10% soda ash, 5-6% potash, 1-1.4% boric acid, 0.03-0.04% porous carbon, 0.06-0.08% blue carbon powder, 0.16-0.22% cobalt tetroxide, 0.1-0.2% cerium dioxide, 0.04-0.06% neodymium oxide, 0.5-0.7% waste zirconium brick powder, and 0.03-0.05% yttrium oxide. The dust removal ash is electrostatic dust removal ash collected from the incineration of filtered sludge in municipal sewage treatment plants and is hazardous waste.

[0009] The porous carbon has a hierarchical pore structure rich in sub-nanopores (0.5-1.0 nm).

[0010] The raw materials for the black decorative glass include 77% dust ash, 6% calcium carbonate, 9.4% soda ash, 5.3% potash, 1.2% boric acid, 0.03% porous carbon, 0.07% blue carbon powder, 0.18% cobalt tetroxide, 0.13% cerium dioxide, 0.05% neodymium oxide, 0.6% waste zirconium brick powder, and 0.04% yttrium oxide.

[0011] The dust removal ash includes the following oxides in percentage by mass: Na2O+K2O is 3.5-4%, MgO+CaO is 9.5-10%, Al2O3+SiO2 is 60-61%, Fe2O3 is 6-6.5%, P2O5 is 17-17.5%, TiO2 is 0.5-1%, SO3 is 0.5-1%, and the balance is other oxides.

[0012] The particle size of the blue carbon powder is ≥120 mesh, and the particle size of the waste zirconium brick powder is ≥325 mesh.

[0013] The method for preparing high-gloss black decorative glass using the full electric melting method of sludge incineration ash comprises the following steps:

[0014] (1) Premixing of small materials: According to the formula, porous carbon, blue carbon powder, cobalt oxide, cerium dioxide, neodymium oxide, and yttrium oxide are accurately weighed in percentage by mass, added to a double-screw conical mixer, and stirred uniformly at a speed of 25 to 30 rpm and a mixing time of 15 to 20 min to obtain batch A;

[0015] (2) Composite mixing: Calcium carbonate, soda ash, potash, boric acid, and waste zirconium brick powder were weighed according to mass percentage, added into a planetary mixer, and fully mixed at a speed of 40 to 45 rpm and a mixing time of 10 to 15 min to obtain batch B;

[0016] (3) Preparation of the final batch: Add batch A and batch B in proportion to each other into a V-type mixer and mix at a speed of 20-25 rpm for 10 minutes; then add dust removal ash three times, with an interval of 2 minutes between each addition, and a total mixing time of 30 minutes to obtain the final batch;

[0017] (4) Fully electric melting gradient melting: The final batch material is continuously fed into the fully electric melting furnace through a vibrating feeder to form a cold top flat material surface. After passing through the melting part, liquid flow hole, ascending channel, and material channel in the electric melting furnace, a qualified glass body is formed;

[0018] (5) Stacking molding: The glass liquid flows out from the outlet at the end of the material channel and is formed through the stacking process to obtain a glass plate with a thickness of 50 to 100 mm;

[0019] (6) Annealing stress relief: The formed glass sheet enters the annealing furnace to eliminate stress;

[0020] (7) Cutting and packaging: After cooling, the glass plate comes out of the annealing furnace, is cut, and the original glass plate is obtained and packaged for storage.

[0021] In the preparation method, when premixing small materials, porous carbon needs to be pre-screened to a particle size of ≤50μm; when composite mixing is performed, waste zirconium brick powder needs to be pre-screened to a particle size of ≤75μm; when preparing the final batch, 4-5% of the total weight of the final batch is sprayed with glucose water, and the mass percentage of glucose in the glucose water is 0.16%; during full electric melting gradient melting, the material stays in the electric melting furnace for 19-21 hours, the hot spot temperature is 1530°C, and the discharge temperature is 1310-1330°C; during stacking molding, the molding environment humidity is ≤30%; when annealing stress is eliminated, the annealing time is 11-13 hours, and the end of the annealing furnace is naturally cooled to below 50°C.

[0022] The present invention adopts a composite weak reducing agent system of glucose-blue charcoal powder-porous carbon, and realizes the dynamic regulation of the weak reducing atmosphere in the whole process of glass melting through the synergistic effect of the decomposition temperature difference and physical structure characteristics of the carbon source material. Its core mechanism lies in the progressive carbon release behavior of each component at different stages of melting, forming a three-stage synergistic mechanism of "initial rapid response-mid-term continuous release-late-stage stable regulation", thereby accurately controlling the oxygen partial pressure and balancing the redox reaction paths of elements such as sulfur and iron. (1) Glucose is used as an early carbon source. It is added in the form of glucose water during mixing and can be evenly wrapped on the surface of the powder raw material. The hydroxyl and aldehyde groups in its molecular structure cause it to begin to undergo thermal decomposition reaction at 200-400°C. At this stage, the material has not yet completely formed a continuous phase, but there is already a partial low-melting-point liquid phase region. The active reducing gas generated by the rapid decomposition of glucose can preferentially react with the sulfate ions in the dust removal ash to convert S 6+ Restore to S 2- , effectively inhibiting the formation of SO2 bubbles. At the same time, the short-chain hydrocarbon intermediates of glucose form a temporary carbon film on the surface of the melt, which delays the penetration of oxygen through physical barrier effect, creating a buffer time for the activation of subsequent reducing agents. This fast-starting reduction mechanism can quickly reduce the oxygen partial pressure in the early stage of melting, avoiding the concentrated outbreak of sulfur oxides in the high-temperature stage. (2) As a carbon source in the early and middle stages, the semi-coking characteristics of blue coke powder make it exhibit unique carbon release behavior in the range of 400-800℃. Compared with raw coal, the balance between the volatile matter content and the fixed carbon content of blue coke powder enables it to continuously release reducing gas through the secondary cracking of residual volatile matter, and to achieve slow oxidation by relying on the fixed carbon in the microporous structure. The rich oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface react with alkaline components (such as Na2O, K2O) in the melt to form a carbonate intermediate layer. This process not only reduces the melt viscosity, but also prolongs the carbon oxidation path through chemical bonding. Taking advantage of the fact that the half-life of carbon release from blue charcoal powder is 3 to 5 times longer than that of glucose, the oxygen partial pressure in the middle stage of material melting is effectively reduced, effectively preventing the excessive reduction of iron. (3) As a carbon source in the middle and late stages, the hierarchical pore structure of porous carbon plays a key role in the high temperature stage above 1200℃. Sub-nanopores enhance the interaction between carbon atoms and Fe through quantum size effect. 2+ / Fe 3+ The electron exchange ability of the carbon can significantly reduce the activation energy of the carbon oxidation reaction. This characteristic enables it to continue to release electrons through surface defect sites after the melt is completely liquidized, 3+ Reduction to Fe 2+ The formation of metallic iron is avoided. Furthermore, the capillary effect created by its mesoporous structure adsorbs sulfide ions in the melt, inhibiting their reoxidation through spatial confinement. Precisely controlling the oxygen partial pressure in the later stages of melting to maintain it within a low, narrow range prevents iron seepage from the furnace bottom caused by the precipitation of elemental Fe and reduces the rate of sulfur bubble defects.

[0023] The present invention uses a composite fluxing system of soda ash, potash and boric acid, which, through the synergistic effect of multiple components, forms unique advantages in reducing melting energy consumption, regulating glass structure, and improving product performance. Soda ash is used as the main fluxing agent. The sodium oxide generated by its decomposition can significantly weaken the silicate network bond energy, quickly reduce the system viscosity in the early stage of melting, and promote the efficient melting of refractory components in hazardous waste ash. The introduction of potash optimizes the dynamic characteristics of the melt through the "mixed alkali effect". The larger-sized potassium ions and sodium ions form a migration rate difference, which inhibits structural relaxation during the glass cooling stage, reduces internal stress concentration, and makes the product have excellent thermal shock resistance. At the same time, potassium ions combine with aluminum elements in sludge ash to form a stable aluminosilicate phase, effectively solidifying heavy metal ions. Boric acid, as a network regulator, exhibits unique coordination ability after being converted into boron oxide at high temperature. It can not only enhance the density of the glass structure as a network former, but also reduce the high-temperature viscosity of the melt as an intermediate. Its synergistic effect with sodium and potassium oxides triggers the "boron anomaly phenomenon," significantly enhancing the glass's resistance to devitrification and maintaining uniform melt fluidity over a wide temperature range, thus avoiding color variations caused by component segregation. This dynamic coordination of the ternary fluxing system significantly reduces melting temperatures and energy consumption while ensuring full vitrification of heavy metal components. This synergistic effect is crucial for enhancing product performance. The gradient release characteristics of sodium and potassium oxides complement the structural control capabilities of boron oxide, creating a progressive effect at each melting stage: sodium ions initially direct network depolymerization, potassium ions enhance melt homogeneity in the middle, and boron optimizes network stability in the later stages. This dynamic coordination results in the formation of a gradient silicon-oxygen-boron-oxygen composite network within the glass, imparting high surface density and consistent optical transmittance. The resulting glass achieves a surface gloss exceeding 95GU and a deep, uniform black color. This system not only achieves efficient conversion of hazardous waste resources but also, through the precise combination of fluxing components, overcomes the energy bottleneck inherent in traditional solid waste vitrification processes.

[0024] The present invention utilizes a composite color-complementing system of cobalt tetroxide, cerium dioxide, and neodymium oxide. Through the spectral synergy and structural stabilization of multiple metal ions, this system offers unique advantages in regulating the glass's color development mechanism, enhancing color uniformity, and improving optical performance. As the primary colorant, cobalt ions in cobalt tetroxide form a specific coordination structure within the silicate glass network, selectively absorbing yellow-orange wavelengths. This spectral complementarity complements the blue-green absorption band of iron ions in dust removal ash, resulting in broadband absorption across the entire visible light spectrum through a superposition effect. This color development mechanism not only imparts a deep black base to the glass but also effectively masks the color interference of impurities in hazardous waste ash, enhancing the purity of the black hue. The introduction of cerium dioxide serves a dual purpose: first, the reversible redox properties of cerium ions dynamically regulate the melt's oxygen partial pressure, stabilizing the valence distribution of iron ions and preventing the iridescence effect caused by metallic iron precipitation; second, its ultraviolet absorption properties seamlessly integrate with the visible light absorption bands of cobalt and iron ions, eliminating the grayish-white haze at the glass edge caused by short-wavelength transmission. This global absorption characteristic of ultraviolet-visible light enables the product to maintain color consistency even in strong light environments, while also enhancing outdoor weather resistance. The unique effect of neodymium oxide is reflected in its nonlinear optical properties. The sharp absorption peak generated by its ion transition can neutralize the dispersion in the edge transition zone of the iron and cobalt absorption bands, giving the black tone a cool metallic texture. The neodymium ions form a complex coordination structure with the zirconium element in the glass network, which not only enhances the network density but also uniformizes the distribution of the coloring ions, avoiding localized color differences. The synergistic effect of the three elements breaks through the limitations of traditional coloring: cobalt provides the basic color rendering framework, cerium stabilizes the color rendering environment, and neodymium optimizes the color texture. This multi-level regulation allows the glass to maintain high light absorption while presenting a three-dimensional black effect on the surface that changes with angle. The final product combines pure black color, high gloss, and excellent aging resistance, demonstrating unique aesthetic value and practical competitiveness in the fields of architecture and decoration.

[0025] The present invention uses a composite anti-reflection system of waste zirconium brick powder, yttrium oxide and cerium dioxide, and significantly improves the light transmission texture and visual beauty of the glass through optical matching and interface synergistic optimization. The zirconium oxide microcrystals contained in the waste zirconium brick powder form a nano-heterogeneous phase during melting, and its refractive index is between that of the glass matrix and air. The surface Fresnel reflection is reduced through gradient transition, while the irregular particle morphology suppresses internal grain boundary light scattering and enhances light transmission uniformity. The rare earth properties of yttrium oxide enable it to form a dense coordination structure in the glass network, compressing the network gap to reduce photon scattering. The yttrium aluminum garnet microcrystals generated by it and aluminosilicate optimize the light propagation path through subwavelength optical coupling, giving the glass a deep sense of light transmission and layering. Cerium dioxide eliminates residual bubbles in the melt through the variable valence characteristics of cerium ions at high temperatures, reduces interface diffuse reflection, and significantly improves the mirror reflectivity. The synergistic effect of these three elements creates low-scattering channels within the glass and a highly reflective interface on the surface, producing a soft, shading effect as light passes through. This maintains the glass's high absorptivity for visible light (appearing a pure black base), while also creating a gem-like luster through the gradient refractive index design of the light-transmitting layer. The final product exhibits a three-dimensional obsidian texture under strong light, transcending the monotonous appearance of traditional black glass. It combines high gloss with visual artistry, meeting the dual aesthetic and functional requirements of high-end decorative materials.

[0026] The present invention selects components such as boric acid, waste zirconium brick powder and yttrium oxide to synergistically inhibit the crystallization tendency of phosphorus oxide glass through multiple mechanisms. The boron-zirconium-yttrium system significantly compresses the crystallization temperature window range of phosphorus oxide glass through three pathways of chemical bonding, structural strengthening and kinetic regulation, so that the product maintains a uniform amorphous structure during the rapid cooling process. This synergistic effect breaks through the limitations of traditional single-component modification and realizes the highly stable preparation of hazardous waste high-phosphorus glass system.

[0027] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention achieves the following positive effects: it achieves collaborative innovation in environmental governance and high-value conversion, and opens up a new path for hazardous waste resource utilization through multi-dimensional technological breakthroughs. Its core value lies in converting high-phosphorus sludge incineration ash into highly stable decorative glass, solving the industry's difficulties in traditional processes, such as the easy crystallization of the phosphorus-oxygen system and the difficulty in controlling iron and sulfur elements. The unique boron-zirconium-yttrium ternary synergistic system significantly inhibits the crystallization tendency of phosphorus-oxygen glass through the dual effects of chemical bonding and structural strengthening. The composite reduction system achieves precise oxygen partial pressure control, eliminating sulfur bubble defects while avoiding the risk of iron precipitation. Multi-ion color development and anti-reflection technology imparts a deep, cool metallic luster and a translucent layered effect to the glass, breaking through the aesthetic limitations of traditional black glass. The all-electric melting process innovatively integrates the recycling of industrial solid waste to establish a closed-loop production model that "treats waste with waste," reducing energy consumption while producing high-value-added decorative materials, transforming environmental investment into economic benefits. This technology not only provides a sustainable solution for urban sludge disposal, but also opens up an industrialization path for hazardous waste-based high-end building materials, achieving the organic unity of environmental protection, resource recycling and commercial value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following provides a specific embodiment of the method for preparing high-gloss black decorative glass using the full electric melting method of sludge incineration ash of the present invention.

[0029] High-gloss black decorative glass was prepared by the full electric melting method using sludge incineration ash in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5. The mass fractions of the raw material components are shown in Table 1.

[0030] Table 1 Raw material composition of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, wt%

[0031]

[0032] The method for preparing high-gloss black decorative glass using the sludge incineration ash full electric melting method of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 comprises the following steps:

[0033] (1) Premixing of small materials: According to the formula, porous carbon, blue carbon powder, cobalt oxide, cerium dioxide, neodymium oxide, and yttrium oxide were accurately weighed in percentage by mass, added to a double-screw conical mixer, and stirred uniformly at a speed of 25 rpm and a mixing time of 15 min to obtain batch A;

[0034] (2) Composite mixing: Calcium carbonate, soda ash, potash, boric acid, and waste zirconium brick powder were weighed according to mass percentage, added into a planetary mixer, and fully mixed at a speed of 40 rpm and a mixing time of 15 min to obtain batch B;

[0035] (3) Preparation of the final batch: Add batch A and batch B in proportion to each other into a V-type mixer and mix at a speed of 25 rpm for 10 minutes; then add dust removal ash three times, each time with an interval of 2 minutes, and a total mixing time of 30 minutes to obtain the final batch;

[0036] (4) Fully electric melting gradient melting: The final batch material is continuously fed into the fully electric melting furnace through a vibrating feeder to form a cold top flat material surface. After passing through the melting part, liquid flow hole, ascending channel, and material channel in the electric melting furnace, a qualified glass body is formed;

[0037] (5) Stacking molding: The molten glass flows out from the outlet at the end of the material channel and is formed through a stacking process to obtain a glass plate with a thickness of 80 mm;

[0038] (6) Annealing stress relief: The formed glass sheet enters the annealing furnace to eliminate stress;

[0039] (7) Cutting and packaging: After the cooled glass plate comes out of the annealing furnace, it is cut to obtain the original glass plate, which is then packaged and put into storage.

[0040] In the preparation method, when premixing small materials, porous carbon needs to be pre-screened to a particle size of ≤50μm; when composite mixing is performed, waste zirconium brick powder needs to be pre-screened to a particle size of ≤75μm; when preparing the final batch, glucose water accounting for 4.4% of the total weight of the final batch is sprayed, and the mass percentage of glucose in the glucose water is 0.16%; during full electric melting gradient melting, the material residence time in the electric melting furnace is 20h, the hot spot temperature is 1530℃, and the discharge temperature is 1320℃; during stacking molding, the molding environment humidity is ≤30%; when annealing stress is eliminated, the annealing time is 12h, and the end of the annealing furnace is naturally cooled to below 50℃.

[0041] The black decorative glass produced by this invention meets the requirements of Sections 5.1.1 Glass Content and 5.1.2 Acid Solubility Loss in "GB 41015-2021 Technical Requirements for Products from the Vitrification of Solid Wastes." Gloss was tested using "ASTM D523-2014 (R2018) Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss" at a 60° angle. Qualified products meet the following criteria: gloss ≥ 95 GU, glass content > 99.5%, and acid solubility loss < 0.04%. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0042] Table 2 Test results of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0043]

[0044] By comparing and analyzing the test data of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, it can be seen that when the raw material components are within the specified range of the present invention, the final product exhibits a significant gloss index.

[0045] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the concept of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Preparation of high gloss black decorative glass using sludge incineration ash full electric melting method, characterized by: The raw material components are as follows by mass percentage: dust removal ash is 75-79%, calcium carbonate is 5-7%, soda ash is 9-10%, potash is 5-6%, boric acid is 1-1.4%, porous carbon is 0.03-0.04%, blue carbon powder is 0.06-0.08%, cobalt trioxide is 0.16-0.22%, cerium dioxide is 0.1-0.2%, neodymium oxide is 0.04-0.06%, waste zirconium brick powder is 0.5-0.7%, and yttrium oxide is 0.03-0.05%. The dust removal ash is electrostatic dust removal ash collected by incineration of filtered sludge in urban sewage treatment plants and is hazardous waste. The porous carbon has a hierarchical pore structure rich in sub-nanopores (0.5-1.0 nm).

2. The method for preparing high-gloss black decorative glass using sludge incineration ash by full electric melting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for the black decorative glass include 77% dust ash, 6% calcium carbonate, 9.4% soda ash, 5.3% potash, 1.2% boric acid, 0.03% porous carbon, 0.07% blue carbon powder, 0.18% cobalt tetroxide, 0.13% cerium dioxide, 0.05% neodymium oxide, 0.6% waste zirconium brick powder, and 0.04% yttrium oxide.

3. The method for preparing high-gloss black decorative glass using sludge incineration ash by full electric melting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The dust removal ash includes the following oxides in percentage by mass: Na2O+K2O is 3.5-4%, MgO+CaO is 9.5-10%, Al2O3+SiO2 is 60-61%, Fe2O3 is 6-6.5%, P2O5 is 17-17.5%, TiO2 is 0.5-1%, SO3 is 0.5-1%, and the balance is other oxides.

4. The method for preparing high-gloss black decorative glass using sludge incineration ash by full electric melting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the blue carbon powder is ≥120 mesh, and the particle size of the waste zirconium brick powder is ≥325 mesh.

5. The method for preparing high-gloss black decorative glass by the full electric melting method using sludge incineration ash according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: (1) Premixing of small materials: According to the formula, porous carbon, blue carbon powder, cobalt oxide, cerium dioxide, neodymium oxide, and yttrium oxide are accurately weighed in percentage by mass, added to a double-screw conical mixer, and stirred uniformly at a speed of 25 to 30 rpm and a mixing time of 15 to 20 min to obtain batch A; (2) Composite mixing: Calcium carbonate, soda ash, potash, boric acid, and waste zirconium brick powder were weighed according to mass percentage, added into a planetary mixer, and fully mixed at a speed of 40 to 45 rpm and a mixing time of 10 to 15 min to obtain batch B; (3) Preparation of the final batch: Add batch A and batch B in proportion to each other into a V-type mixer and mix at a speed of 20-25 rpm for 10 minutes; then add dust removal ash three times, with an interval of 2 minutes between each addition, and a total mixing time of 30 minutes to obtain the final batch; (4) Fully electric melting gradient melting: The final batch material is continuously fed into the fully electric melting furnace through a vibrating feeder to form a cold top flat material surface. After passing through the melting part, liquid flow hole, ascending channel, and material channel in the electric melting furnace, a qualified glass body is formed; (5) Stacking molding: The glass liquid flows out from the outlet at the end of the material channel and is formed through the stacking process to obtain a glass plate with a thickness of 50 to 100 mm; (6) Annealing stress relief: The formed glass sheet enters the annealing furnace to eliminate stress; (7) Cutting and packaging: After cooling, the glass plate comes out of the annealing furnace, is cut, and the original glass plate is obtained and packaged for storage.

6. The method for preparing high-gloss black decorative glass by full electric melting of sludge incineration ash according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the premixing of the small materials, the porous carbon needs to be pre-screened to a particle size of ≤50μm; during composite mixing, the waste zirconium brick powder needs to be pre-screened to a particle size of ≤75μm; during the preparation of the final batch, 4-5% of the total weight of the final batch is sprayed with glucose water, and the mass percentage of glucose in the glucose water is 0.16%; during full electric melting gradient melting, the material residence time in the electric melting furnace is 19-21h, the hot spot temperature is 1530℃, and the discharge temperature is 1310-1330℃; during stacking molding, the molding environment humidity is ≤30%; during annealing stress elimination, the annealing time is 11-13h, and the end of the annealing furnace is naturally cooled to below 50℃.

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