Water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity driving and water filling and draining method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of navigation ship lock hydraulic structures, and particularly relates to a water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity driving and a water filling and draining method.The water-saving ship lock comprises a lock chamber and water conveying systems, the water conveying systems are arranged at the bottoms of lock walls on the two sides of the lock chamber, and each water conveying system comprises a water storage pond, an expandable cavity unit and a gas compression device; a water delivery gallery is arranged between the water storage pond and the lock chamber, a plurality of expandable cavity units are arranged in the water storage pond, and each expandable cavity unit is connected with the gas compression device through an inflation and deflation pipeline. The interior of the cavity unit is inflated or deflated through the gas compression device, the volume of water in the water storage pond is dynamically adjusted, and therefore efficient water conveying between the lock chamber and the water storage pond is achieved. Compared with a traditional water-saving ship lock, the ship lock has the following remarkable advantages of zero water consumption, high water delivery speed, stable water delivery process, excellent water flow condition of an approach channel and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of navigation lock hydraulic structures, and in particular relates to a water-saving lock driven by a deformation cavity and a water filling and discharge method. Background Art

[0002] Inland waterway transportation offers advantages such as large shipping volumes, minimal land occupation, low costs, low energy consumption, and minimal pollution. However, ship locks, as crucial navigation structures within the inland waterway network, consume significant amounts of water per operation, placing significant pressure on water-scarce rivers and canals. Therefore, to effectively alleviate the imbalance between water supply and demand, water-saving ship locks, as navigation facilities that conserve water for ships passing through the locks and reduce the operating head of the valves, have broad application prospects.

[0003] Traditional water-saving locks primarily include the following configurations: locks with water-saving reservoirs, locks with dual-channel water transfer, and locks with intermediate channels. Given a given water-saving reservoir area, the greater the number of water-saving reservoirs, the higher the water-saving rate. However, research has shown that the water-saving rate increases gradually when the number of water-saving reservoirs exceeds three. In actual operation, the water-saving rate of a three-stage water-saving lock typically only reaches around 60%, failing to meet the requirements for efficient water resource utilization. Furthermore, increasing the number of water-saving reservoirs increases the number of valves required and the complexity of the operation process. In particular, some water-saving locks require overflow water to maintain water level balance during operation, further extending the water transfer time. Furthermore, the configuration of multiple water-saving reservoirs complicates the lock structure and significantly increases the land area, hindering the intensive use of land resources. Therefore, further reducing lock water consumption and improving the efficient and safe passage of ships have become key technical challenges that must be overcome in the construction and expansion of new water-saving locks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the technical defects of existing water-saving ship locks, such as limited water-saving efficiency, complex water flow conditions in the approach channel, cumbersome valve operation process and low navigation efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity drive includes a lock chamber and a water delivery system. The water delivery system is arranged at the bottom of the lock wall on both sides of the lock chamber. The water delivery system includes a water storage tank, an expandable cavity unit and a gas compression device. A water delivery corridor is provided between the water storage tank and the lock chamber. Several expandable cavity units are provided inside the water storage tank. Each expandable cavity unit is connected to the gas compression device through an inflation and deflation pipe.

[0007] To further reduce lock water consumption and improve efficient navigation, the present invention proposes a water-saving lock based on a deformable cavity drive. This lock features a water reservoir connected to the lock chamber, located outside the lock chamber. An expandable cavity structure is installed within the reservoir. A gas compressor is used to inflate or deflate the cavity unit, dynamically adjusting the water volume within the reservoir and achieving efficient water transfer between the lock chamber and the reservoir. Compared to traditional water-saving locks, this lock offers significant advantages: zero water consumption, rapid and stable water transfer, and superior flow conditions in the approach channel.

[0008] Through its innovative layered expandable cavity design, the lock significantly improves water resource utilization, provides a new technical solution for sustainable water resource management in navigable rivers and canals, and demonstrates broad application prospects.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a plurality of frame units are provided in the water storage tank, and the frame units are used to limit the expandable cavity units. The frame units are cubic structures, and the frame units are composed of vertical poles arranged longitudinally and horizontal poles arranged transversely.

[0010] Further preferably, the frame units are repeatedly arranged continuously along the length direction and the width direction of the water tank, and adjacent frame units on the same layer share a vertical rod.

[0011] Preferably, the number of layers of the frame units in the vertical direction is adjusted according to the height of the water tank. When the water tank is high, the frame structure is divided into multiple layers of the frame units in the vertical direction, and adjacent frame units share a crossbar.

[0012] Preferably, the material type used to prepare the frame unit may be further disclosed, including but not limited to steel structure or steel-concrete structure.

[0013] It is determined based on the highest navigable water level upstream of the lock chamber and the lowest navigable water level downstream. The difference between the two is the design head of the lock. Based on the area of the lock chamber, the volume of water required for the lock chamber can be estimated, and the total volume of the inflatable cavity can be determined based on this volume.

[0014] The frame structure is divided into multiple layers for the following reasons: Considering the volume of the expandable cavity unit, a too high or too large cylindrical diameter is not conducive to the stable change of the cavity volume. Furthermore, the structure of the water reservoir is determined by the terrain where the lock is built. For example, if the terrain on both sides of the lock is open and there is sufficient land, then a single layer can be built. If it is a mountainous canyon with insufficient flat space, multiple layers can be built. In short, once the volume of the water reservoir is determined, the length, width, and height can be adjusted according to the terrain.

[0015] Preferably, the expandable cavity unit is cylindrical in shape, the diameter of the expandable cavity unit is adapted to the length of the cross bar of the frame unit, and along the height direction, the gap between the expandable cavity unit and the frame unit is provided with at least two guide structures, each of the guide structures includes a guide rail and a slider, the guide rail is vertically arranged, the two ends of the guide rail are respectively fixed to the cross bar of the frame structure, the slider is arranged on the outer wall surface of the expandable cavity unit, and the slider is slidably connected to the guide rail.

[0016] Preferably, each of the frame units is provided with four guide rails, and each of the four side walls of the frame unit is provided with a corresponding column. The guide rails are fixed on the columns, and a plurality of sliders are provided at intervals along the height direction of the expandable cavity unit.

[0017] A plurality of flanges are provided along the height direction of the expandable cavity unit, each flange being arranged around the circumference of the expandable cavity unit, and a slider is provided at a position of the flange close to the guide rail, and the slider can slide up and down along the guide rail.

[0018] The frame structure is used to limit the cylindrical expandable cavity unit to perform orderly expansion or contraction movement inside the frame structure.

[0019] Preferably, reinforcement strips are cross-arranged on the top surface of the frame unit to improve the stability of the frame structure.

[0020] Preferably, a steel disc is provided on the top of each expandable cavity unit, and the steel disc is connected to the expandable cavity unit via a flange provided near the top of the expandable cavity unit.

[0021] Preferably, the expandable cavity unit is made of highly flexible butyl rubber material.

[0022] Preferably, each of the expandable cavity units is provided with an inflation / deflation pipe, the inflation / deflation pipe is arranged at the bottom of the expandable cavity unit, an inflation / deflation port is provided on the bottom shell of the expandable cavity unit, and the inflation / deflation pipe is fixedly connected to the inflation / deflation port.

[0023] Preferably, a plurality of emergency valve wells are provided in the lock wall area between the water storage tank and the lock chamber, and the emergency valve wells are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the lock.

[0024] Inflatable cavity unit inflation and deflation principle:

[0025] 1. The process of inflating the expandable cavity is the process of filling the lock with water, and the water level in the lock chamber increases from low to high.

[0026] The expandable cavity is in an empty state, the water tank is filled with water, and the lock chamber is at the lowest navigable water level. The gas compression device starts to inflate the expandable cavity, first completing the inflation of the bottom expandable cavity and then completing the inflation of the second expandable cavity.

[0027] As the pressure inside the cavity rises, the volume of the cavity gradually expands, driving the water in the reservoir into the lock chamber through the connecting corridor, completing the lock chamber water filling process. When the inflation process of the bottom cavity is completed, the air compression device continues to inflate the upper cavity. As the upper cavity further expands, the remaining water in the reservoir continues to be transported to the lock chamber, thus smoothly completing the lock chamber water filling process.

[0028] 2. The process of deflation of the expandable cavity is the process of drainage of the lock, and the water level in the lock chamber decreases from high to low.

[0029] When a ship passes through the lock, the zero-water-consumption lock's water delivery system begins its release process. The control system sequentially deflates the expandable chambers in the water reservoir from the upper layer to the lower layer, gradually shrinking them and freeing up space for water storage. As the volume of the chambers decreases, the water previously trapped within the lock chambers, driven by the water level differential, flows back into the water reservoirs through the water delivery corridor. This process continues until the water level in the lock chambers reaches the downstream level.

[0030] A method for filling and discharging a ship lock is implemented by using the above-mentioned water-saving ship lock:

[0031] The water filling and discharging method includes a water filling process and a water discharging process. When the ship travels downstream, the water discharging process is performed at the lock position, that is, the process of deflating the expandable cavity unit in the water delivery system, specifically including the following steps:

[0032] After the ship enters the lock chamber through the upper gate, the PLC controller controls the air compressor to deflate the expandable cavity units, first deflation of the upper expandable cavity units, and then deflation of the lower expandable cavity units; the water level in the lock chamber drops to the same level as the downstream water level, and the ship exits the lock through the lower gate;

[0033] When the ship is traveling upstream, the water filling process is carried out at the lock position, including the following steps:

[0034] After the ship enters the lock chamber through the lower gate, the PLC controller controls the air compressor to inflate the expandable cavity units, first completing the inflation of the lower expandable cavity units and then completing the inflation of the upper expandable cavity units; the water level in the lock chamber rises to the same level as the upstream water level, and the ship exits the lock through the upper gate. In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] This invention proposes a water-saving ship lock based on a deformable cavity drive. This lock utilizes a water reservoir connected to the lock chamber, located outside the lock chamber. Within the reservoir, an expandable cavity structure is installed. A gas compression device is used to inflate or deflate the cavity unit, dynamically adjusting the water volume within the reservoir and the water level in the lock chamber. This allows for self-circulation of water between the lock chamber and the reservoir. Compared to traditional water-saving ship locks, this lock offers significant advantages: zero water consumption, rapid and stable water transfer, and superior flow conditions in the approach channel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a cross-sectional three-dimensional unit of a ship lock;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the water delivery system when the water level in the lock chamber is at the lowest navigation level;

[0038] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part A;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the state in which the expandable cavity unit located at the bottom layer of the water delivery system of the ship lock is filled with air;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water delivery system when the water level in the lock chamber is at the highest navigation level;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the expansion cavity unit and the frame unit from a top view;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the frame structure and the expandable cavity unit;

[0043] Figure 8 It is a side view structural diagram of the expansion cavity unit and the frame unit;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the overall top view of the water-saving ship lock of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a cloud diagram of the water flow velocity in the water-saving ship lock at different times of the present invention;

[0046] Icons: 1-lock chamber; 2-lock wall; 3-water storage tank; 4-expandable cavity unit; 5-gas compression device; 6-water transmission corridor; 7-water transmission system; 8-frame structure; 81-frame unit; 9-vertical pole; 10-cross bar; 11-guide structure; 110-guide rail; 111-slider; 82-column; 12-flange; 13-steel disc; 14-filling / deflation pipe; 15-filling / deflation port; 16-reinforcement strip; 17-accident valve well, 18-mirage gate; 19-pilot channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This embodiment provides a water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity drive, such as Figure 1-9 As shown, it includes a lock chamber 1 and a water delivery system 7, the water delivery system 7 is arranged in the lock wall 2 on the side of the lock chamber 1, the water delivery system 7 includes a water storage tank 3, an expandable cavity unit 4 and a gas compression device 5, a water delivery corridor 6 is provided between the water storage tank 3 and the lock chamber 1, a plurality of expandable cavity units 4 are provided inside the water storage tank 3, and each expandable cavity unit 4 is connected to the gas compression device 5 through an inflation and deflation pipe.

[0051] like Figure 9 The figure shows the overall top view of the structure of the water-saving ship lock of the present invention. On both sides of the lock chamber 1 are the water delivery system 7 of the present invention. The two ends of the lock chamber 1 are miter gates 18, the miter gate at the upper gate head on the left and the miter gate at the lower gate head, and the outside of the miter gate 18 are respectively the pilot channel 19.

[0052] Next, the structure of the water delivery system 7 will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] Preferably, the present embodiment is determined based on the highest navigable water level upstream of the lock chamber 1 and the lowest navigable water level downstream. The difference between the two is the design head of the lock. Based on the area of the lock chamber 1, the volume of water required for the lock chamber 1 can be estimated, and the total volume of the expandable cavity unit 4 can be determined based on this volume.

[0054] Specifically, a frame structure 8 is provided within the water reservoir 3. The frame structure 8 includes a plurality of frame units 81. The frame units 81 are used to limit the position of the expandable cavity unit 4. The frame units 81 are cubic structures and are composed of vertical rods 9 arranged longitudinally and horizontal rods 10 arranged transversely. The frame structure 8 can be provided in multiple layers along the height direction of the water reservoir 3. This embodiment uses two layers as an example. The frame units 81 of each layer are continuously and repeatedly provided along the length and width directions of the water reservoir 3. Adjacent frame units 81 on the same layer share a vertical rod. In the vertical direction, adjacent frame units 81 share a horizontal rod 10.

[0055] Specifically, the expandable cavity unit 4 is cylindrical in shape, and the diameter of the expandable cavity unit 4 is adapted to the length of the cross bar 10 of the frame unit 81. Along the height direction, the gap between the expandable cavity unit 4 and the frame unit 81 is provided with at least two guide structures 11, each of the guide structures 11 includes a guide rail 110 and a slider 111, the guide rail 110 is vertically arranged, and the two ends of the guide rail 110 are respectively fixed to the cross bar 10 of the frame structure 8, and the slider 111 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the expandable cavity unit 4, and the slider 111 is slidably connected to the guide rail 110.

[0056] There are gaps between the square frame structure 8 and the cylindrical expandable cavity unit 4 . These gaps are beneficial to the exchange of water flow and are more conducive to the flow of water into the water delivery corridor 6 .

[0057] In this embodiment, each frame unit 81 is preferably provided with four guide rails 110. Each of the four sidewalls of the frame unit 81 is provided with a corresponding column 82. The guide rails 110 are fixedly mounted on the columns 82. A plurality of sliders 111 are spaced apart along the height direction of the expandable cavity unit 4. The guide structures 11 can control the direction of movement of the expandable cavity unit 4 during inflation and deflation, thereby preventing shaking or instability.

[0058] The number of layers of the frame units in the vertical direction is adjusted according to the height of the water tank. When the water tank is high, the frame structure is divided into multiple layers of the frame units in the vertical direction, and adjacent frame units share a crossbar.

[0059] The reason why the frame structure is divided into multiple layers of frame units is as follows: considering the volume of the expandable cavity unit 4, being too high or having a large cylindrical diameter is not conducive to the stable change of the cavity volume. In addition, the structure of the water tank is determined by the terrain of the ship lock construction. For example, if the terrain on both sides of the ship lock is very open and there is enough land area, then it is also possible to build a single layer. If it is a mountainous canyon and there is not enough space on the plane, then multiple layers can be built. As long as the volume of the water tank is determined, the length, width and height can all be adjusted according to the terrain. On the other hand, by increasing the number of cross bars 10 of the frame structure 8, the stability of the structure can be further improved.

[0060] Preferably, in this embodiment, a reinforcement strip is cross-disposed on the top of each frame unit 81 to further improve the stability of the frame unit 81 .

[0061] In this embodiment, each inflatable cavity unit 4 is preferably provided with a steel disc 13 on top, connected to the inflatable cavity unit 4 via a flange 12. Further preferably, the inflatable cavity unit 4 is made of highly flexible butyl rubber. The purpose of the steel disc 13 is to allow each layer of airbags to be connected via the flange 12. Furthermore, when deflated, the weight of the steel disc 13 can help the inflatable cavity unit 4 move downward.

[0062] A plurality of flanges 12 are provided along the height direction of the expandable cavity unit 4 , each flange 12 is circumferentially arranged along the expandable cavity unit 4 , and the slider 111 is provided at a position of the flange 12 close to the guide rail 110 .

[0063] Preferably, in this embodiment, each of the expandable cavity units 4 is provided with an inflation / deflation pipe 14, the inflation / deflation pipe 14 is arranged at the bottom of the expandable cavity unit 4, and an inflation / deflation port 15 is provided on the bottom shell of the expandable cavity unit 4, and the inflation / deflation pipe 14 is fixedly connected to the inflation / deflation port 15.

[0064] The number of the expandable cavity units 4 is determined according to the following formula:

[0065] A1×H=A2×h×N

[0066] In the above formula, A1 is the projected area of chamber 1 on the plane, unit is m 2 ; H is the difference between the highest navigable water level upstream and the lowest navigable water level downstream, that is, the maximum working head of the lock, in m; A2 is the projected area of the expandable cavity on the plane, in m 2 ; h is the maximum height of a single expandable cylindrical cavity after inflation, unit: m; N is the number of expandable cavities.

[0067] In the preferred technical solution of this embodiment, a plurality of emergency valve wells 17 are provided in the area of the lock wall 2 between the water reservoir 3 and the lock chamber 1. The emergency valve wells 17 are spaced apart along the length of the lock. The bottom of each emergency valve well 17 is connected to the water transfer corridor 6.

[0068] In this embodiment, it is further preferred that the gas compression device 5 is an air compressor, and the air compressor is operated by a PLC controller.

[0069] Project Background:

[0070] A Class III inland river lock, navigable by 1,000-ton vessels, has effective dimensions of 180m × 23m × 4.0m (length × width × threshold depth) and a maximum operating head of 10m. This water transfer system 7 utilizes an underground, sealed water reservoir 3, located outside the lock chamber 1 and connected to it. Within this reservoir 3, cylindrical expandable cavity units 4 are layered. Air compression is used to inflate and deflate these cavities, dynamically adjusting the water volume within the reservoir 3 and achieving efficient water transfer between the lock chamber 1 and the reservoir 3. The cylindrical cavity units designed according to the present invention measure 4m × 8m (radius × height), totaling 104 cavity structures, arranged symmetrically in two layers on either side of the lock.

[0071] The lock passage process for ships sailing from downstream to upstream is as follows:

[0072] like Figure 2 As shown, the water level in the lock chamber 1 is the downstream navigation level. At this time, the miter gate 18 in the lower gate is opened, and the ship enters the lock chamber 1 from the downstream pilot channel 19; the air compressor inflates the expandable cavity unit 4 from the bottom upwards; the cavity is fully expanded, occupying the space in the water body of the reservoir 3, and the water level in the lock chamber 1 rises to the upstream navigation level. At this time, the miter gate 18 in the upper gate is opened, and the ship exits the lock chamber 1. Figure 4-5 .

[0073] The lock passage process for ships sailing from upstream to downstream is as follows:

[0074] like Figure 5 As shown, the water level in the lock chamber 1 is at the upstream navigation level. At this time, the herringbone 18 in the upper gate is opened, and the ship enters the lock chamber 1 from the upstream pilot channel 19; the air is released from the upper expandable cavity downwards in sequence until the water level in the lock chamber 1 drops to the downstream navigation level; at this time, the herringbone 18 in the lower gate is opened, and the ship exits the lock chamber 1. Figure 4 to Figure 2 dynamic process.

[0075] The process of inflating the expandable cavity is the process of filling the lock with water, and the water level increases from low to high.

[0076] The expandable cavity unit 4 is in an empty state, the water tank 3 is full of water, and the lock chamber 1 is at the lowest water level at this time. The air compression device starts to inflate the expandable cavity unit 4, first completing the inflation of the bottom expandable cavity and then completing the inflation of the second expandable cavity.

[0077] The process of deflation of the expandable cavity unit 4 is the process of drainage of the ship lock, and the water level decreases from high to low.

[0078] When a ship passes through the lock, the zero-water-consumption lock's water delivery system 7 begins its release process. The control system then deflates the expandable chambers of the water reservoir 3 from the upper layer to the lower layer, gradually shrinking them and freeing up space for water storage. As the volume of the chambers decreases, the water previously contained within the lock chamber 1 flows back into the water reservoir 3 through the water delivery corridor 6, driven by the water level difference and the principle of communicating vessels. This process continues until the water level in the lock chamber 1 reaches the downstream level.

[0079] As the pressure within the cavity rises, the volume of the cavity gradually expands, driving the water in the water reservoir 3 into the lock chamber 1 through the connecting corridor, completing the filling process of the lock chamber 1. When the inflation process of the bottom cavity is completed, the air compression device continues to inflate the upper cavity. As the upper cavity further expands, the remaining water in the water reservoir 3 continues to be transported to the lock chamber 1, thus successfully completing the entire filling process of the lock chamber 1.

[0080] The inflation volume is the maximum volume of the cylindrical cavity, and the inflation speed is the speed at which the cavity rises. This is related to the water delivery time required by the lock. If the lock requires a fast water delivery speed, the inflation speed must be correspondingly fast.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] This embodiment provides a water-saving ship lock, the structure of which is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, except for the following design parameters:

[0083] For example, a Class IV inland ship lock, accommodating 500-ton vessels, has chamber 1 with effective dimensions of 120m × 12m × 2.6m. A distributed water supply system 7, using lateral branch holes in the long gallery of lock wall 2, is employed, achieving a maximum operating head of 8.0m. Each cavity unit within reservoir 3 is 6.0m in diameter and 3.0m in height, containing a total of 136 cylindrical expandable chambers.

[0084] Finite element analysis of frame structure 8 shows that the buoyancy of a single cavity is: F 浮 =ρ 水 ghA.

[0085] Calculations show that the maximum buoyancy of a single cavity is 830.8 kN. This means that after the cavity is inflated, the entire buoyancy is borne by the frame beam.

[0086] Calculated using finite element software, the maximum total deformation displacement of the structure is 2.28mm, which is much smaller than the maximum allowable deformation displacement of 15mm and meets the requirements of the specification.

[0087] In addition, the maximum stress is 14.5MPa tensile stress. Using the first strength theory of material mechanics, it is verified that the tensile stress of the frame is 105.6MPa, which is greater than the maximum working stress.

[0088] This embodiment further conducts a feasibility analysis on the design of the invention: a hydrodynamic analysis is performed by constructing a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the lock chamber 1 .

[0089] In order to further obtain the three-dimensional hydraulic characteristics of the water storage tank, the connecting corridor and the lock chamber during the inflation process of the expandable cavity structure, this embodiment further conducted a feasibility analysis of the design scheme of the invention: a hydrodynamic analysis was conducted by constructing a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the lock chamber 1. Figure 10 Using the fluid dynamics calculation software Flow3d, the RNGκ-ε turbulence model and the VOF method, a three-dimensional mathematical model (unit segment) of the lock chamber water delivery system was established to simulate the dynamic change process of the lock filling.

[0090] The computational grid uses a structured grid with a grid spacing of 0.1m and a total number of approximately 14 million grids. In order to save computing resources, the center axis of the lock chamber is used as the symmetry plane and set as a symmetric boundary condition. The final total number of grids is 7 million. The inflation process of the expandable cavity structure is replaced by the vertical movement of a columnar entity in the water storage tank, and the motion module uses the GMO (General Moving Objects) model. This model supports the dynamic coupling of solids and fluids, that is, when the column moves vertically in the shaft, it is also affected by the water flow and moves in 6 degrees of freedom. This simulation simulates the water filling process of the lock chamber under the condition of a maximum head of 8.0m. The water delivery time is set to 3min, and the rising speed of the expandable cavity structure is 0.044m / s, that is, the inflation volume of a single cavity structure is about 60m 3 / min. (Within the performance parameter range of common industrial-grade air compressors).

[0091] It can be seen from the figure that during the uniform rising process of the cavity structure being inflated, the flow field in the water tank is stable, the water flow velocity in the water tank is less than 0.2m / s, and the maximum flow velocity in the connecting corridor is about 1.5m / s. After the water flows into the water delivery corridor of the gate wall, it enters the energy dissipation ditch through the side branch holes, and then moves upward along the side walls on both sides of the gate chamber, gradually spreading to the central axis of the gate chamber. During the filling process, the water surface flow velocity in the gate chamber is less than 0.5m / s, and the water flow in the upper, middle and lower parts of the gate chamber is uniform, indicating that the design of the water delivery system 7 is relatively reasonable.

[0092] By analyzing the flow field characteristics, it can be seen that during the inflation of the cavity structure, the water flow velocity in the water storage tank 3 is less than 0.2 m / s, the maximum flow velocity in the connecting corridor is about 1.5 m / s, the water surface flow velocity in the lock chamber 1 is less than 0.5 m / s, and the water flow in the upper, middle and lower parts of the lock chamber 1 is uniform, indicating that the design of the water delivery system 7 is relatively reasonable.

[0093] The water-saving ship lock of the present invention greatly shortens the time for water delivery and ship passage through the ship lock, further improving the navigation efficiency of the waterway.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] This embodiment discloses a method for filling and draining a ship lock, which is implemented by the water-saving ship lock of Example 1.

[0096] The water filling and discharging method includes a water filling process and a water discharging process. When the ship travels downstream, the water discharging process is performed at the lock position, that is, the process of deflating the expandable cavity unit 4 in the water delivery system 7, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0097] After the ship enters the lock chamber 1 through the upstream 18, the PLC controller controls the air compressor to deflate the expandable cavity unit 4, first completing the deflation of the upper expandable cavity unit 4, and then completing the deflation of the lower expandable cavity unit 4; the ship is lowered to the same level as the downstream water level and exits the lock from the downstream 18;

[0098] When the ship is traveling upstream, the water filling process is carried out at the lock position, including the following steps:

[0099] After the ship passes through the downstream 18 and enters the lock chamber 1, the PLC controller controls the air compressor to inflate the expandable cavity unit 4, first completing the inflation of the lower expandable cavity unit 4, and then completing the inflation of the upper expandable cavity unit 4; the ship rises to the same level as the upstream water level and sails out of the lock from the upstream 18.

[0100] The theoretical water saving rate of the ship lock structure of the present invention can reach 100%, which significantly reduces the water resource consumption during the operation of the ship lock and effectively ensures the sustainable use of water resources in navigable rivers.

[0101] During the operation of the ship lock structure of the present invention, the flow patterns of the water in the upstream and downstream pilot channels 19 are not affected by the filling and draining processes, which helps to ensure that ships can enter and exit the lock chamber 1 safely and smoothly, thereby improving navigation safety.

[0102] The ship lock structure of the present invention can flexibly adapt to the changing range of upstream and downstream water levels without the need to set up additional overflow and water replenishment facilities, thereby simplifying the design and operation of the ship lock supporting project.

[0103] The ship lock structure of the present invention can maintain stable water level changes in the lock chamber 1 during rapid filling and draining of the lock chamber 1, improving berthing conditions for ships and thereby enhancing the overall navigation efficiency of the lock. The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity drive, characterized in that: The invention comprises a lock chamber (1) and a water delivery system (7), wherein the water delivery system (7) is arranged in a lock wall (2) on the side of the lock chamber (1), and the water delivery system (7) comprises a water storage tank (3), an expandable cavity unit (4) and a gas compression device (5). A water delivery corridor (6) is arranged between the water storage tank (3) and the lock chamber (1), and a plurality of expandable cavity units (4) are arranged inside the water storage tank (3), and each expandable cavity unit (4) is connected to the gas compression device (5) through an air filling and deflation pipe.

2. The water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity drive according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of frame units (81) are provided in the water storage tank (3), and the frame units (81) are used to limit the position of the expandable cavity unit (4). The frame units (81) are cubic structures and are composed of vertical poles (9) arranged longitudinally and horizontal poles (10) arranged transversely.

3. The water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity drive according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The frame units (81) are arranged in at least two layers along the height direction of the water tank (3), and the frame units (81) of each layer are continuously and repeatedly arranged along the length direction and the width direction of the water tank (3). Adjacent frame units (81) of the same layer share a vertical rod, and in the vertical direction, adjacent frame units (81) share a horizontal rod (10).

4. The water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity drive according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The expandable cavity unit (4) is cylindrical in shape, and the diameter of the expandable cavity unit (4) is adapted to the length of the cross bar (10) of the frame unit (81). Along the height direction, at least two guide structures (11) are provided in the gap between the expandable cavity unit (4) and the frame unit (81), and each guide structure (11) includes a guide rail (110) and a slider (111). The guide rail (110) is vertically arranged, and the two ends of the guide rail (110) are respectively fixed to the cross bar (10) of the frame structure (8). The slider (111) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the expandable cavity unit (4), and the slider (111) is slidably connected to the guide rail (110).

5. The water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity drive according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Each frame unit (81) is provided with four guide rails (110), and each of the four side walls of the frame unit (81) is provided with a corresponding column (82). The guide rails (110) are fixedly arranged on the columns (82), and a plurality of sliders (111) are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the expandable cavity unit (4).

6. The water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity drive according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A plurality of flanges (12) are provided along the height direction of the expandable cavity unit (4), each flange (12) is arranged circumferentially around the expandable cavity unit (4), and a slider (111) is provided at a position of the flange (12) close to the guide rail (110).

7. The water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity drive according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A steel disc (13) is provided on the top of each expandable cavity unit (4), and the steel disc (13) is connected to the (4) via a flange (12).

8. The water-saving ship lock based on deformation cavity drive according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each of the expandable cavity units (4) is correspondingly provided with an inflation / deflation pipe (14), the inflation / deflation pipe (14) being arranged at the bottom of the expandable cavity unit (4), an inflation / deflation port (15) being arranged on the bottom shell of the expandable cavity unit (4), and the inflation / deflation pipe (14) being fixedly connected to the inflation / deflation port (15).

9. The water-saving shiplock driven by a deformation cavity according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The expandable cavity unit (4) is made of a highly flexible butyl rubber material.

10. A method for filling and draining a ship lock, characterized in that: This is achieved by the water-saving ship lock described in claim 9; The water filling and discharging method includes a water filling process and a water discharging process. When the ship travels downstream, the water discharging process is performed at the lock position, that is, the process of deflation of the expandable cavity unit (4) in the water delivery system (7), specifically including the following steps: After the ship enters the lock chamber (1) through the upstream gate, the PLC controller controls the air compressor to deflate the expandable cavity unit (4), first completing the deflation of the upper expandable cavity unit (4) and then completing the deflation of the lower expandable cavity unit (4); the ship is lowered to the same level as the downstream water level and exits the lock through the downstream gate; When the ship is traveling upstream, the water filling process is carried out at the lock position, including the following steps: After the ship enters the lock chamber (1) through the downstream gate, the PLC controller controls the air compressor to inflate the expandable cavity unit (4), first completing the inflation of the lower expandable cavity unit (4) and then completing the inflation of the upper expandable cavity unit (4); the ship rises to the same level as the upstream water level and sails out of the lock through the upstream gate.

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