Multi-step filling body digging and supporting construction device and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mine mining, particularly relates to a multi-step filling body digging and supporting construction device and a construction method thereof, and provides the following scheme aiming at the problem that the effect of concrete spraying and supporting can be influenced by manual operation of existing concrete spraying equipment: the multi-step filling body digging and supporting construction device comprises a mobile vehicle, a pipe groove is formed in the mobile vehicle, and a concrete spraying pipe is arranged in the pipe groove; and a mounting groove is formed in the moving vehicle, the mounting groove communicates with the pipe groove, a pump is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove, and the output end of the pump is connected with the guniting pipe through a guide pipe. According to the multi-step filling body digging and supporting construction device and the construction method thereof disclosed by the invention, automatic guniting supporting operation can be realized by the device, so that the consistency of the thickness of concrete during concrete spraying operation is ensured, and the coverage range of the concrete can meet the supporting requirement; therefore, powerful support is provided for the strength and the structural integrity of the roadway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine mining, and in particular to a multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of mining technology, backfilling has gradually become the mainstream mining method. This mining method mainly involves two-step mining. During the second-step mining process, a bottom tunnel and other engineering works are required to be excavated in the backfill of the first-step stope. The backfill is a concrete formed by consolidating tailings, cementitious materials, and water.

[0003] Due to the impact of high stress on the tunnel, cracks on the tunnel side can be seen everywhere. In severe cases, rock bursts may even occur. Full-section anchor mesh sprayed concrete support has become the main means to avoid cracking. When the distance between the anchor mesh support and the tunnel bottom plate does not exceed 30 cm, cracking can be effectively avoided.

[0004] However, in the existing anchor net spraying concrete construction, the spraying concrete operation is often manually operated, which has great uncertainty. This may result in certain parts of the anchor net not being effectively covered by the spraying concrete, resulting in insufficient thickness of the supporting concrete and weak points, thereby affecting the protection ability of the supporting structure to the tunnel. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention discloses a multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device and a construction method thereof, aiming to solve the technical problem in the background art that the use of manual operation of existing spraying concrete equipment may affect the effect of spraying concrete support.

[0006] The present invention proposes a multi-step backfill excavation and support construction device, comprising a mobile vehicle, a pipe groove being provided on the mobile vehicle, a shotcrete pipe being provided in the pipe groove, and a nozzle being provided on the shotcrete pipe, a mounting groove being provided on the mobile vehicle, the mounting groove being connected to the pipe groove, a pump being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove, the output end of the pump being connected to the shotcrete pipe via a conduit, and a variable angle shotcrete module being provided on the exterior of the mobile vehicle, and a quick fixing module being provided on the variable angle shotcrete module;

[0007] The variable angle spray concrete module includes a mounting frame and a drive motor;

[0008] The quick fixing module includes a pin and a stabilizing seat. The inner wall of the stabilizing seat is plugged into the outer part of the pin. An annular groove is provided on the outer part of the pin. Three narrow grooves equidistantly distributed around the circumference are provided at the bottom of the stabilizing seat. Locking rods are slidably connected in the three narrow grooves. The ends of the locking rods close to the pin are clamped with the inner wall of the annular groove.

[0009] By setting up a mobile vehicle, a variable-angle concrete spraying module and a quick-fixing module, the device can use the variable-angle concrete spraying module to enable the device to realize automated spraying support operation, thereby ensuring the consistency of concrete thickness during concrete spraying operations and ensuring that the coverage of the concrete can meet the support requirements, thereby providing strong support for the strength and structural integrity of the tunnel.

[0010] The transmission mechanism that this sliding part is made up of is that the sliding part has the cam and the transmission mechanism is fixed on the transmission mechanism, and this sliding part has the cam which is fixed on the transmission mechanism, and this sliding part has the cam which is fixed on the transmission mechanism. The mounting frame is connected, and two symmetrical arc-shaped grooves are provided on the mounting frame, and pressure plates are slidably connected in the arc-shaped grooves. The upper sides of the two pressure plates are fixedly connected to pressure sensors, and the bottoms of the pressure plates are fixedly connected to airbag 1, and the bottoms of airbag 1 are fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the mounting frame; an air guide tube is provided on the two airbags 1, and the end of the air guide tube away from airbag 1 is fixedly connected to airbag 2, and the outside of the air guide tube is fixedly connected to a fixed platform, and the bottoms of the two fixed platforms are fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the mounting frame, and the side of airbag 2 away from the fixed platform Both are fixedly connected with a sliding platform, and the external sliding connection of the two sliding platforms is connected to the same mounting frame; slots are provided on the two sliding platforms, and the same bidirectional screw rod is arranged in the two slots. The bottom of the mounting frame is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the mounting frame, and the external movability of the bidirectional screw rod is connected to two symmetrical fixed seats. Gear 1 is provided between the two fixed seats, and the inner wall of gear 1 is fixedly connected to the external side of the bidirectional screw rod. The external side of the mounting frame is fixedly connected to the motor, and the output end of the motor is connected to gear 2 through a coupling, and gear 2 is meshed with gear 1.

[0011] By setting up a variable-angle concrete spraying module, the variable-angle concrete spraying module uses a pressure plate and an air bag to effectively control the spraying angle of the nozzle on the device to the tunnel, so that the nozzle can effectively spray concrete to cover the side of the tunnel close to the bottom plate, thereby improving the bonding effect of concrete and anchor net, and improving the protection effect of the support structure on the tunnel.

[0012] In a preferred solution, a circular opening is provided on the bogie, the inner wall of the circular opening is fixedly connected to the outside of the stabilizing seat, and the pin is fixedly connected to the side opposite to the nozzle; the bottom of the locking rod is fixedly connected to a short shaft, and the outside of the pin is slidably connected to a rotating frame; the rotating frame is movably connected to the side opposite to the stabilizing seat, and three curved grooves equidistantly distributed around the circumference are provided on the rotating frame, the inner walls of the three curved grooves are slidably connected to the outside of the short shaft on the same side, and the inner wall of the rotating frame is fixedly connected to a coil spring, and the end of the coil spring away from the rotating frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the stabilizing seat.

[0013] By providing a quick fixing module, the quick fixing module can quickly and conveniently fix the nozzle on the bogie using an annular groove and a locking rod, effectively reducing the complexity of disassembly and assembly of the nozzle, reducing the workload of workers, reducing maintenance difficulty, and improving work efficiency.

[0014] A multi-step backfill excavation and support construction method, using the multi-step backfill excavation and support construction device as described above, comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Analyze the geological conditions of the stope, determine the stability level of the surrounding rock, plan the overall mining process of the mine room and pillars, and carry out the first-step mining construction;

[0016] Step 2: During the mining in step 1, create conditions for the excavation of the filling body in step 2 in advance, support the peach-shaped pillars, support the mining inclined roadway, and clean up the residual ore;

[0017] Step 3. When the backfill body is excavated in the second step, the excavation and support technology is designed according to the on-site data; in order to avoid rock bursts in the tunnel during excavation and mining blasting operations, the anchor mesh spraying technology is used to support the tunnel, that is, the inner wall of the tunnel is sprayed and reinforced with concrete using spraying equipment, and after the nozzle is fixed on the bogie using a quick fixing module, the variable angle spraying module is used to spray concrete on the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0018] From the above, it can be seen that the multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device and the construction method provided by the present invention can enable the device to realize automated spraying support operation, thereby ensuring the consistency of concrete thickness during spraying operations, and ensuring that the coverage range of the concrete can meet the support requirements, thereby providing strong support for the strength and structural integrity of the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3This is a structural schematic diagram of the variable angle spray concrete module of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the bogie structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation frame structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the quick fixing module of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the stabilizing seat of the present invention.

[0026] Figure: 1. Mobile vehicle; 2. Pipe trough; 3. Shotcrete pipe; 4. Spray nozzle; 5. Mounting trough; 6. Pump; 7. Variable angle shotcrete module; 701. Mounting frame; 702. Drive motor; 703. Rotating rod; 704. Extension rod; 705. Arc trough; 706. Bogie; 707. Grooving; 708. Hydraulic rod; 709. Transmission rod; 710. Laser rangefinder; 711. Camera; 712. Pressure plate; 713. Pressure sensor; 714. Airbag 1; 715 , air guide tube; 716, fixed platform; 717, mounting frame; 718, bidirectional screw; 719, sliding platform; 720, airbag 2; 721, gear 1; 722, electric motor; 723, gear 2; 724, transmission motor; 725, threaded rod; 8, quick fixing module; 801, latch; 802, stabilizing seat; 803, annular groove; 804, narrow groove; 805, locking rod; 806, short shaft; 807, rotating frame; 808, curved groove; 809, coil spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0028] The multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device and the construction method disclosed in the present invention are mainly used in scenarios where manual operation of existing spraying concrete equipment may affect the effect of spraying concrete support.

[0029] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 A multi-step backfill excavation and support construction device includes a mobile vehicle 1, a pipe groove 2 is opened on the mobile vehicle 1, a grouting pipe 3 is arranged in the pipe groove 2, and a nozzle 4 is provided on the grouting pipe 3, a mounting groove 5 is provided on the mobile vehicle 1, the mounting groove 5 is connected to the pipe groove 2, a pump 6 is connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove 5 by bolts, and the output end of the pump 6 is connected to the grouting pipe 3 through a conduit, and a variable angle spraying module 7 is provided on the outside of the mobile vehicle 1, and a quick fixing module 8 is provided on the variable angle spraying module 7;

[0030] The variable angle spray concrete module 7 includes a mounting frame 701 and a drive motor 702;

[0031] The quick fixing module 8 includes a latch 801 and a stabilizing seat 802. The inner wall of the stabilizing seat 802 is plugged into the outer part of the latch 801. An annular groove 803 is provided on the outer part of the latch 801. Three narrow grooves 804 equidistantly distributed around the circumference are provided at the bottom of the stabilizing seat 802. Locking rods 805 are slidably connected in the three narrow grooves 804. The ends of the locking rods 805 close to the latch 801 are clamped with the inner wall of the annular groove 803.

[0032] Specifically, during the first-step mining, conditions must be created in advance for the second-step filling body excavation construction, such as the support of peach-shaped pillars, the support of the mining inclined tunnel, the cleaning of residual ore, etc.; during the second-step filling body excavation, the excavation and support technology should be scientifically designed based on accurate on-site data; under high stress conditions, the first-step tunnel excavation and mining blasting operations have a great impact on the stability of the pillars, and have a very adverse effect on the second-step filling body tunnel excavation and support construction. The anchor net spraying process and spraying equipment are used to support the tunnel. After using the quick fixing module 8 to fix the nozzle 4 on the bogie 706, the quick fixing module 8 is used to spray concrete on the inner wall of the tunnel; the device uses a variable angle spraying module 7 to enable the device to realize automatic spraying support operation, thereby ensuring the consistency of the concrete thickness during the spraying operation, and ensuring that the coverage of the concrete can meet the support requirements, thereby providing strong support for the strength and structural integrity of the tunnel.

[0033] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5In a preferred embodiment, the mounting bracket 701 is connected to the side opposite to the mobile vehicle 1 by bolts, and a circular hole is provided on the side of the mounting bracket 701 close to the mobile vehicle 1, and a circular shaft is rotatably connected to the circular hole through a bearing, and the bottom inner wall of the mounting groove 5 is connected to the outside of the driving motor 702 by bolts, and the output end of the driving motor 702 is connected to one side of the circular shaft through a coupling, and a rotating rod 703 is connected to the other side of the circumference by bolts, and a rectangular groove is provided on the side of the rotating rod 703 close to the mobile vehicle 1, and a transmission motor 724 is connected to the top inner wall of the rectangular groove by bolts; the output end of the transmission motor 724 is connected to a threaded rod 725 through a coupling, and the bottom of the threaded rod 725 is rotatably connected to the bottom inner wall of the rectangular groove through a bearing, A movable seat is provided on the outside of the pattern rod 725, and an extension rod 704 is connected to the outside of the movable seat by bolts. The extension rod 704 is slidably connected to the side opposite to the rotating rod 703, and the end of the extension rod 704 away from the mounting frame 701 is rotatably connected to the bogie 706 through a bearing. The outside of the bogie 706 is in contact with the outside of the nozzle 4, and the side of the bogie 706 away from the extension rod 704 is connected to the laser rangefinder 710 and the camera 711 by bolts; a groove 707 is provided on the outside of the extension rod 704, and a hydraulic rod 708 is rotatably connected to the groove 707 through a bearing. The inner wall of the bogie 706 is connected to the transmission rod 709 by bolts, and the output end of the hydraulic rod 708 is rotatably connected to the outside of the transmission rod 709 through a bearing, and The mounting frame 701 is provided with two symmetrical arc-shaped grooves 705, and pressure plates 712 are slidably connected in the arc-shaped grooves 705. The upper sides of the two pressure plates 712 are connected to pressure sensors 713 by bolts. The bottoms of the pressure plates 712 are connected to airbags 1 714 by bolts. The bottoms of the airbags 1 714 are connected to the bottom inner wall of the mounting frame 701 by bolts. An air guide tube 715 is provided on the two airbags 1 714. The ends of the air guide tubes 715 away from the airbags 1 714 are connected to airbags 2 720 by bolts. The outsides of the air guide tubes 715 are connected to fixing platforms 716 by bolts. The bottoms of the two fixing platforms 716 are connected to the bottom inner wall of the mounting frame 701 by bolts, and the airbags 2 720 are away from the fixing platforms 71 6 is connected to a sliding table 719 on one side by bolts, and the outside of the two sliding tables 719 is slidably connected to the same mounting frame 717; slots are provided on the two sliding tables 719, and the same bidirectional screw rod 718 is set in the two slots. The bottom of the mounting frame 717 is connected to the bottom inner wall of the mounting frame 701 by bolts, and the outside of the bidirectional screw rod 718 is rotatably connected to two symmetrical fixed seats through bearings. A gear 1 721 is provided between the two fixed seats, and the inner wall of the gear 1 721 is connected to the outside of the bidirectional screw rod 718 by bolts. The outside of the mounting frame 717 is connected to the motor 722 by bolts, and the output end of the motor 722 is connected to the gear 2 723 through a coupling, and the gear 2 723 is meshed with the gear 1 721.

[0034] Specifically, when the mobile vehicle 1 is traveling on the center line of the lane, the transmission motor 724 is started, and the transmission motor 724 drives the threaded rod 725 to rotate, so that the extension rod 704 extends on the rotating rod 703. Under the control of the laser rangefinder 710 and the camera 711, the hydraulic rod 708 is adjusted so that the nozzle 4 has a suitable distance and angle with the inner wall of the lane. The pump 6 is started, and the nozzle 4 starts to spray concrete wall. The drive motor 702 is started, and the drive motor 702 drives the rotating rod 703 to rotate at a uniform speed, so that the nozzle 4 performs covering spraying. The motor 722 is started, and the motor 722 drives the gear 2 723 to rotate, so that the bidirectional screw rod 718 pushes the sliding table 71 9 slides on the mounting frame 717, so that the airbag 2 720 draws out the air in the airbag 1 714, thereby lowering the height of the pressure plate 712 on the mounting frame 701. After the rotating rod 703 rotates to contact the pressure plate 712, the rotating rod 703, driven by the driving motor 702, will continue to apply pressure to the pressure plate 712, thereby compressing a part of the airbag 1 714, causing the pressure plate 712 to further descend, so that the nozzle 4 can fully spray and cover the side of the tunnel. When the airbag 1 714 can no longer be compressed, the pressure value on the pressure sensor 713 continues to increase. After reaching the design value, the driving motor 702 reverses, thereby starting to spray the retaining wall concrete in the other direction.

[0035] In specific application scenarios, the variable-angle concrete spraying module 7 is mainly suitable for the variable-angle concrete spraying link in the variable-angle concrete spraying process, that is, the variable-angle concrete spraying module 7 uses the pressure plate 712 and the air bag 714 to effectively control the spraying angle of the nozzle 4 on the device to the tunnel, so that the nozzle 4 can effectively spray concrete to cover the side of the tunnel close to the bottom plate, thereby improving the bonding effect of concrete and anchor net, and improving the protection effect of the support structure on the tunnel.

[0036] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 In a preferred embodiment, a circular opening is provided on the bogie 706, the inner wall of the circular opening is connected to the outside of the stable seat 802 by bolts, and the pin 801 is connected to the side opposite to the nozzle 4 by bolts; the bottom of the locking rod 805 is connected to the short shaft 806 by bolts, and the outside of the pin 801 is slidably connected to the rotating frame 807; the rotating frame 807 is rotatably connected to the side opposite to the stable seat 802 by a bearing, and three curved grooves 808 are equidistantly distributed on the circumference of the rotating frame 807 are provided, and the inner walls of the three curved grooves 808 are slidably connected to the outside of the short shaft 806 on the same side, and the inner wall of the rotating frame 807 is connected to the coil spring 809 by bolts, and the end of the coil spring 809 away from the rotating frame 807 is bolted to the bottom of the stable seat 802.

[0037] Specifically, when the nozzle 4 is installed on the bogie 706, the rotating frame 807 is rotated, and the rotating frame 807 overcomes the torsion of the coil spring 809, so that the curved groove 808 pushes the short shaft 806, thereby causing the locking rod 805 to slide outward, and the pin 801 connected to the nozzle 4 is inserted into the stable seat 802, and the rotating frame 807 is released. Under the torsion of the coil spring 809, the rotating frame 807 is reversed, thereby restoring the locking rod 805 to its original position, and inserting the end of the locking rod 805 close to the pin 801 into the annular groove 803, locking the pin 801 on the stable seat 802, thereby fixing the nozzle 4 on the bogie 706.

[0038] In a specific application scenario, the quick fixing module 8 is mainly suitable for the quick fixing link in the quick fixing process, that is, the quick fixing module 8 can use the annular groove 803 and the locking rod 805 to quickly and conveniently fix the nozzle 4 on the bogie 706, effectively reducing the complexity of disassembly and assembly of the nozzle 4, reducing the workload of workers, reducing maintenance difficulty, and improving work efficiency.

[0039] A multi-step backfill excavation and support construction method, using the multi-step backfill excavation and support construction device as described above, comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Analyze the geological conditions of the stope, determine the stability level of the surrounding rock, plan the overall mining process of the mine room and pillars, and carry out the first-step mining construction;

[0041] Step 2: During the mining in step 1, create conditions for the excavation of the filling body in step 2 in advance, support the peach-shaped pillars, support the mining inclined roadway, and clean up the residual ore;

[0042] Step 3: When the backfill body is excavated in step 2, the excavation support process is designed according to the on-site data; in order to avoid rock burst during excavation and mining blasting operations, the anchor mesh spraying process is used to support the tunnel, that is, the inner wall of the tunnel is reinforced by spraying with concrete using a spraying device, and after the nozzle 4 is fixed to the bogie 706 using a quick fixing module 8, the inner wall of the tunnel is sprayed with concrete using a variable angle spraying module 7 (when the nozzle 4 is installed on the bogie 706, the rotating frame 807 is rotated to overcome the torsion of the coil spring 809, so that the curved groove 808 pushes the short shaft 806, and the nozzle 4 is fixed to the bogie 706, and the variable angle spraying module 7 is used to spray concrete on the inner wall of the tunnel (when the nozzle 4 is installed on the bogie 706, the rotating frame 807 is rotated to overcome the torsion of the coil spring 809, so that the curved groove 808 pushes the short shaft 806, and the nozzle 4 is fixed to the bogie 706, and the rotating frame 807 is rotated to overcome the torsion of the coil spring 809, so that the curved groove 808 pushes the short shaft 806, and ... The locking rod 805 slides outward, the pin 801 connected to the nozzle 4 is inserted into the stable seat 802, the rotating frame 807 is released, and the rotating frame 807 is reversed under the torsion of the coil spring 809, so that the locking rod 805 is restored to its original position, and the end of the locking rod 805 close to the pin 801 is inserted into the annular groove 803, locking the pin 801 on the stable seat 802, thereby fixing the nozzle 4 on the bogie 706. When the mobile vehicle 1 travels on the center line of the lane, the transmission motor 724 is started, and the transmission motor 724 drives the threaded rod 725 to rotate, so that the extension rod 704 rotates The rod 703 is extended, and the control of the laser rangefinder 710 and the camera 711 adjusts the hydraulic rod 708 so that the nozzle 4 has a suitable distance and angle with the inner wall of the tunnel, and the pump 6 is started, and the nozzle 4 starts to spray the concrete wall, and the drive motor 702 is started, and the drive motor 702 drives the rotating rod 703 to rotate at a uniform speed, so that the nozzle 4 performs covering spraying, and the motor 722 is started, and the motor 722 drives the gear 2 723 to rotate, so that the bidirectional screw rod 718 pushes the sliding table 719 to slide on the mounting frame 717, so that the airbag 2 720 fills the airbag 1 714 with air. The air is extracted, thereby lowering the height of the pressure plate 712 on the mounting bracket 701. After the rotating rod 703 rotates to contact the pressure plate 712, the rotating rod 703, driven by the driving motor 702, will continue to apply pressure to the pressure plate 712, thereby compressing a part of the air bag 714, causing the pressure plate 712 to further drop, so that the nozzle 4 can fully spray and cover the side of the tunnel. When the air bag 714 can no longer be compressed, the pressure value on the pressure sensor 713 continues to increase. After reaching the design value, the driving motor 702 reverses, thereby starting to spray the retaining wall concrete in the other direction).

[0043] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device, comprising a mobile vehicle (1), characterized in that: The mobile vehicle (1) is provided with a pipe groove (2), a grouting pipe (3) is provided in the pipe groove (2), and a nozzle (4) is provided on the grouting pipe (3); the mobile vehicle (1) is provided with a mounting groove (5), the mounting groove (5) is connected to the pipe groove (2), a pump (6) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove (5), the output end of the pump (6) is connected to the grouting pipe (3) through a conduit, and a variable angle concrete spraying module (7) is provided on the outside of the mobile vehicle (1), and a quick fixing module (8) is provided on the variable angle concrete spraying module (7); The variable angle spraying module (7) comprises a mounting frame (701) and a driving motor (702); The quick fixing module (8) comprises a latch (801) and a stabilizing seat (802), wherein the inner wall of the stabilizing seat (802) is plugged into the outer portion of the latch (801), an annular groove (803) is provided on the outer portion of the latch (801), and three narrow grooves (804) equidistantly distributed around the circumference are provided at the bottom of the stabilizing seat (802), and locking rods (805) are slidably connected in the three narrow grooves (804), and one end of the locking rod (805) close to the latch (801) is clamped into the inner wall of the annular groove (803).

2. A multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame (701) is fixedly connected to a side opposite to the mobile vehicle (1); a circular hole is provided on a side of the mounting frame (701) close to the mobile vehicle (1); a circular shaft is movably connected in the circular hole; the bottom inner wall of the mounting groove (5) is fixedly connected to the outside of the driving motor (702); the output end of the driving motor (702) is connected to one side of the circular shaft via a coupling; a rotating rod (703) is fixedly connected to the other side of the circumference; and a rectangular groove is provided on a side of the rotating rod (703) close to the mobile vehicle (1); a transmission motor (724) is fixedly connected to the top inner wall of the rectangular groove.

3. A multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output end of the transmission motor (724) is connected to a threaded rod (725) via a coupling. The bottom of the threaded rod (725) is movably connected to the bottom inner wall of the rectangular groove. A movable seat is provided on the outside of the threaded rod (725). The outside of the movable seat is fixedly connected to an extension rod (704). The extension rod (704) is slidably connected to the side opposite to the rotating rod (703). The end of the extension rod (704) away from the mounting frame (701) is movably connected to a bogie (706). The outside of the bogie (706) is in contact with the outside of the nozzle (4). The side of the bogie (706) away from the extension rod (704) is fixedly connected to a laser rangefinder (710) and a camera (711).

4. A multi-step filling body excavation construction device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The extension rod (704) is provided with a groove (707) on the outside, and a hydraulic rod (708) is movably connected to the groove (707). The inner wall of the bogie (706) is fixedly connected to a transmission rod (709). The output end of the hydraulic rod (708) is movably connected to the outside of the transmission rod (709). The mounting frame (701) is provided with two symmetrical arc grooves (705). Pressure plates (712) are slidably connected in the arc grooves (705). The upper sides of the two pressure plates (712) are fixedly connected to pressure sensors (713). The bottoms of the pressure plates (712) are fixedly connected to airbags (714). The bottoms of the airbags (714) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the mounting frame (701).

5. The multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device according to claim 4, characterized in that: An air guide tube (715) is provided on each of the two airbags (714), and one end of the air guide tube (715) away from the airbag (714) is fixedly connected to the airbag (720). The outside of the air guide tube (715) is fixedly connected to a fixed platform (716). The bottoms of the two fixed platforms (716) are fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the mounting frame (701). The side of the airbag (720) away from the fixed platform (716) is fixedly connected to a sliding platform (719). The outsides of the two sliding platforms (719) are slidably connected to the same mounting frame (717).

6. The multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two sliding platforms (719) are both provided with slots, and the same bidirectional screw rod (718) is arranged in the two slots. The bottom of the mounting frame (717) is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the mounting frame (701). The outside of the bidirectional screw rod (718) is movably connected to two symmetrical fixed seats. A gear 1 (721) is arranged between the two fixed seats. The inner wall of the gear 1 (721) is fixedly connected to the outside of the bidirectional screw rod (718). The outside of the mounting frame (717) is fixedly connected to the motor (722). The output end of the motor (722) is connected to the gear 2 (723) through a coupling, and the gear 2 (723) is meshed with the gear 1 (721).

7. The multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bogie (706) is provided with a circular opening, the inner wall of which is fixedly connected to the outside of the stabilizing seat (802), and the latch (801) is fixedly connected to the side opposite to the nozzle (4).

8. The multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the locking rod (805) is fixedly connected to a short shaft (806), and the outside of the latch (801) is slidably connected to a rotating frame (807).

9. The multi-step filling body excavation and support construction device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rotating frame (807) is movably connected to the side opposite to the stable seat (802). Three curved grooves (808) are arranged on the rotating frame (807) at equal intervals around the circumference. The inner walls of the three curved grooves (808) are all slidably connected to the outside of the short shaft (806) on the same side. A coil spring (809) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating frame (807). The end of the coil spring (809) away from the rotating frame (807) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the stable seat (802).

10. A multi-step backfill excavation and support construction method using the multi-step backfill excavation and support construction device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Analyze the geological conditions of the stope, determine the stability level of the surrounding rock, plan the overall mining process of the mine room and pillars, and carry out the first-step mining construction; Step 2: During the mining in step 1, create conditions for the excavation of the filling body in step 2 in advance, support the peach-shaped pillars, support the mining inclined roadway, and clean up the residual ore; Step 3: When the backfill body is excavated in the second step, the excavation and support process is designed based on the on-site data; in order to avoid rock bursts in the tunnel during excavation and mining blasting operations, the tunnel is supported by an anchor mesh spraying process, that is, the inner wall of the tunnel is sprayed and reinforced with grout using a spraying device, and after the nozzle (4) is fixed to the bogie (706) using a quick fixing module (8), the inner wall of the tunnel is sprayed with concrete using a variable angle spraying module (7).

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