Tunnel fire smoke exhaust method and system

By using differentiated air pressure control and model predictive control in different areas, the problem that traditional tunnel fire smoke extraction systems cannot simultaneously ensure the safe evacuation of two lanes has been solved. This has enabled efficient and dynamic tunnel fire smoke extraction and personnel evacuation, and improved the system's ability to cope with complex fires.

CN120487238BActive Publication Date: 2026-06-09HEFEI UNIV OF TECH
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
HEFEI UNIV OF TECH
Filing Date
2025-06-30
Publication Date
2026-06-09

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Traditional tunnel fire smoke extraction systems cannot simultaneously guarantee safe evacuation routes on both sides of a tunnel with high passenger flow in both directions. They lack dynamic adjustment mechanisms, have inaccurate air pressure management, and insufficient coordinated control, resulting in unidirectional smoke extraction control strategies being unable to effectively cope with complex fire situations.

Method used

A differentiated air pressure control strategy is adopted for different areas. By monitoring the location of the fire and the distribution of people, the tunnel is divided into a fire zone, an upstream evacuation zone, and a downstream evacuation zone. The optimal control parameters are calculated using a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and the smoke exhaust equipment is adjusted in real time in combination with model predictive control methods to form a clear air pressure gradient and guide the safe evacuation of personnel.

Benefits of technology

It ensures safe evacuation routes on both sides of the tunnel, improving the survival rate of personnel. The system has a fast response speed, low energy consumption, and can maintain efficient smoke extraction in complex fire situations.

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Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel fire smoke exhaust, and discloses a tunnel fire smoke exhaust method and system, wherein the tunnel fire smoke exhaust method comprises the following steps: receiving a fire signal and identifying fire position information; according to the fire position information, dividing the tunnel into three functional areas, i.e. a fire area, an upstream evacuation area and a downstream evacuation area; calculating control parameters required for forming an air pressure isolation belt; sending control instructions to smoke exhaust equipment, so that the fire area is maintained in a negative pressure state, and the upstream and downstream evacuation areas are maintained in a positive pressure state; collecting data in real time and dynamically adjusting the control parameters to maintain the air pressure difference between the fire area and the evacuation area. Through the regional differentiated air pressure control strategy, the application guarantees the safe evacuation channels on both sides of the tunnel; the model prediction control method is adopted to continuously optimize the control parameters; and the multi-objective optimization algorithm is adopted to realize efficient smoke exhaust while reducing the system operation cost.
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