Lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage test, and discloses a lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system, which comprises an upper computer, a control module, a thermal runaway induction subsystem and a data acquisition subsystem, the control module is used for controlling the on-off of the thermal runaway inducing subsystem and receiving information acquired by the data acquisition subsystem, the thermal runaway inducing subsystem is used for applying integral heating, local heating, refrigeration, charging and discharging operations to lithium batteries in a battery pack, and the data acquisition subsystem is used for acquiring the pressure and temperature of each lithium battery in the battery pack. And the gas composition and the gas emission amount released by the lithium battery are reduced. The lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion control capability evaluation accuracy can be improved, the safety performance evaluation accuracy of the battery pack can be improved, and potential weaknesses in the battery pack structure can be accurately found, so that targeted structure optimization suggestions are provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage testing, and in particular to a lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation testing system and method. Background Art

[0002] Before a battery pack is put into use, various performance tests of the battery pack are required. Evaluating the safety performance of the battery pack is particularly important. The battery pack's ability to control the thermal runaway propagation of lithium batteries (also known as battery cells) (thermal runaway propagation refers to the thermal runaway of one lithium battery in the battery pack, causing thermal runaway of other lithium batteries around this lithium battery) is one of the key indicators for evaluating the safety performance of the battery pack.

[0003] During actual use, there will be a variety of factors that lead to thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery, which in turn causes the thermal runaway to spread, causing a fire or explosion in the battery pack. Currently, the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack (the corresponding lithium battery is any one of the lithium batteries in the battery pack) is heated only through a thermal resistor heating module to cause the corresponding lithium battery to thermal runaway, and by detecting the thermal runaway of other lithium batteries surrounding the corresponding lithium battery, the battery pack's ability to control the spread of thermal runaway of the lithium battery is evaluated. This makes the evaluation of the lithium battery's ability to control the spread of thermal runaway inaccurate, reducing the accuracy of the battery pack safety performance evaluation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system, which can improve the accuracy of the assessment of the thermal runaway diffusion control capability of the lithium battery, improve the accuracy of the battery pack safety performance assessment, and accurately discover potential weaknesses in the battery pack structure, thereby providing targeted structural optimization suggestions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system, comprising a host computer, a control module, an induced thermal runaway subsystem, and a data acquisition subsystem. The control module is used to receive instructions from the host computer, control the opening and closing of the induced thermal runaway subsystem, and receive information collected by the data acquisition subsystem. The induced thermal runaway subsystem is used to apply overall heating, local heating, cooling, charging and discharging operations to the lithium batteries in the battery pack. The data acquisition subsystem is used to collect the pressure and temperature of each lithium battery in the battery pack, as well as the gas composition and gas emission released by the lithium battery. The host computer sends instructions to the control module. The control module receives the instructions from the host computer and controls the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives the corresponding lithium battery temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition information higher than the preset corresponding threshold, the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway occurs. When the control module receives the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission information of other lithium batteries higher than the preset corresponding threshold, the thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery spreads to other lithium batteries. Explanation: The battery pack includes a box body and multiple battery modules located in the box body. One battery module includes multiple lithium batteries, and multiple battery modules are arranged in rows in the box body.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: During the simulation test of the thermal runaway diffusion of lithium batteries, the thermal runaway-inducing subsystem of the present invention can apply different thermal runaway-inducing factors to the lithium batteries in the battery pack, such as overall heating, local heating, cooling, charging and discharging, to simulate the actual situation, so that the lithium batteries can adapt to the thermal runaway caused by different factors in actual applications, as well as the thermal runaway diffusion caused by them. This can improve the accuracy of the assessment of the thermal runaway diffusion control capability of lithium batteries, improve the accuracy of the battery pack safety performance assessment, and accurately discover potential weaknesses in the battery pack structure, thereby making targeted structural optimization suggestions.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the induced thermal runaway subsystem includes a thermal resistance heating module, a laser heating module, a cooling module, and an overcharge and over-discharge control module for respectively heating the entire lithium battery in the battery pack, local heating, cooling, charging and discharging; The host computer sends instructions to the control module. The control module receives the instructions sent by the host computer and controls a single module or a random combination of multiple modules in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the lithium battery in the battery pack.

[0008] Beneficial effect: The present invention forms different combination factors that lead to thermal runaway of lithium batteries through a thermal resistance heating module, a laser heating module, a cooling module, an overcharge and over-discharge control module, and a random combination of the above modules, fully simulating the actual situation, so that the lithium battery can adapt to the thermal runaway caused by different factors in actual applications, as well as the resulting thermal runaway diffusion, thereby improving the accuracy of the evaluation of the thermal runaway diffusion control ability of the lithium battery and the accuracy of the battery pack safety performance evaluation.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the host computer sends instructions to the control module, the control module receives the instructions sent by the host computer, and controls the random combination of multiple modules in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the same lithium battery in the battery pack; or controls the random combination of multiple modules in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to different lithium batteries in the battery pack.

[0010] Beneficial effects: By simulating multiple thermal runaway triggering conditions, the thermal runaway risks of lithium batteries under different circumstances can be comprehensively evaluated.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser heating module includes a first laser heating submodule and a second laser heating submodule, respectively located on the side and top of the battery pack, and a first adjustment component for sliding the first laser heating submodule forward and backward and upward, a second adjustment component for sliding the second laser heating submodule left and right and forward and backward, and a support base for supporting the battery pack, and a stepper motor connected to the support base and driving the support base to rotate circumferentially in the horizontal plane. The control module is also used to control the forward and backward and upward sliding of the first laser heating module, the left and right forward and backward sliding of the second laser heating submodule, and the start and stop of the stepper motor; The host computer sends an instruction to the control module, the control module receives the instruction sent by the host computer, and controls the first laser heating submodule in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway occurs, and the control module controls the thermal resistance heating module to stop being applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery spreads to other lithium batteries.

[0012] Beneficial effect: When it is necessary to test the lithium batteries on different sides of the battery pack, the stepper motor starts and drives the support base to rotate, and the support base drives the battery pack to rotate, so that the lithium battery to be tested is opposite to the first laser heating sub-module, and the control module then controls the first laser heating sub-module to slide, so that the first laser heating sub-module is opposite to the lithium battery to be tested, and accurately heats the lithium battery to be tested. When it is necessary to test the lithium battery on the upper surface of the battery pack, the control module controls the second laser heating sub-module to slide, so that the second laser heating sub-module is opposite to the lithium battery to be tested, and accurately heats the lithium battery to be tested.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the host computer sends instructions to the control module, the control module receives the instructions sent by the host computer, and controls a single module in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway occurs, and the control module controls other modules to continue to be applied to the corresponding lithium batteries in the battery pack in sequence. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery spreads to other lithium batteries.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition subsystem includes a plurality of first temperature sensors and first pressure sensors respectively arranged on each lithium battery, and a gas analyzer at one end of which is located inside the battery pack to collect the gas composition and gas emission released by the lithium battery.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Setting up temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and gas analyzers simultaneously can improve the accuracy of the test, accurately assess the occurrence time and diffusion time of thermal runaway, and understand the internal conditions of the battery pack. It also provides data support for the test personnel to make accurate and proactive decisions based on the test conditions.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system further includes a safety protection subsystem and a detection module for detecting the temperature inside the battery pack. The control module is used to control the opening and closing of the safety protection subsystem and to control the power on or off of the battery pack. The safety protection subsystem is used to prevent fire in the entire battery pack, and the detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module. When the control module receives information about the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emissions of other lithium batteries that is higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the battery pack's built-in fire protection is activated. When the control module receives temperature information from the detection module that is higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the control module controls the battery pack to be powered off urgently, and at the same time controls the safety protection subsystem to start the overall fire protection of the battery pack.

[0017] Beneficial effects: Because this solution simulates actual conditions and combines different factors, thermal runaway may spread rapidly, leading to fire or explosion in the battery pack. To improve the safety of the test object, this solution needs to be equipped with a safety protection subsystem when the battery pack has its own fire protection. The safety protection subsystem can provide fire protection for the entire battery pack. That is, when the battery pack's own fire protection is unable to eliminate the danger caused by the internal fire protection of the battery pack, the safety protection subsystem serves as a supplement and backup to ensure effective fire protection of the battery pack, prevent the spread of the danger that has already occurred in the battery pack, and improve the safety of the test object.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the safety protection subsystem includes a sealed protection box for accommodating the battery pack, and a first-level gas fire protection device arranged in the protection box, and the control module is also used to control the extension and sliding of the telescopic rod; The inner surface of the top of the protective box is provided with an electrically controlled telescopic rod connected to the battery pack cover, and a third adjustment component for the sliding of the telescopic rod. When the safety protection subsystem is activated, the control module controls the shortening of the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod drives the battery pack cover to move upward. The control module controls the telescopic rod to slide along the third adjustment component, and the telescopic rod drives the battery pack cover away from the lithium battery. The control module controls the activation of the first-level gas fire extinguisher.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The telescopic rod can press the upper cover of the battery pack to place the lithium battery in the complete battery pack box, that is, to place the lithium battery in the environment of actual use, to ensure that the thermal runaway diffusion of the lithium battery is in line with the actual situation, and can also keep the upper cover of the battery pack away from the lithium battery, that is, to expose the lithium battery in the battery pack. The space inside the protective box is larger than the internal space of the battery pack, which is convenient for quickly and massively discharging the gas in the battery pack, avoiding the dangerous situation inside the battery pack caused by the thermal runaway diffusion of the lithium battery. It can also allow the first-level gas fire protection to act directly on the inside of the battery pack, directly extinguish multiple lithium batteries, improve fire protection efficiency, and improve the safety of the tested object.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protection box is provided with a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor for respectively collecting the temperature and pressure in the protection box, and the second temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are respectively used to transmit the temperature information and the pressure information to the control module, and the safety protection subsystem also includes a secondary water fire protection arranged in the protection box; When the control module receives temperature information from the second temperature sensor and / or pressure information from the second pressure sensor that is higher than a preset threshold, the control module controls the secondary water firefighting to start.

[0021] Beneficial effect: Secondary water firefighting can effectively control the dangerous situation inside the battery pack, prevent the dangerous situation inside the battery pack from getting out of control, and improve the safety of the tested object.

[0022] A second object of the present invention is to provide a lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test method, comprising the lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system described above, and further comprising the following steps: S1: The host computer sends a command to the control module. The control module receives the command from the host computer and controls a single module in the thermal runaway subsystem to apply it to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery will be in thermal runaway. Or control multiple modules in the thermal runaway-inducing subsystem to be simultaneously applied to the same corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery will thermally runaway; Or a single module in the subsystem that induces thermal runaway is controlled and applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery is in thermal runaway, and the other modules are applied to the corresponding lithium batteries in the battery pack in turn. Or control multiple modules in the thermal runaway-inducing subsystem to be applied to different lithium batteries in the battery pack at the same time. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery will be in thermal runaway; Or control multiple modules in the thermal runaway-inducing subsystem to apply the control signals to different lithium batteries in the battery pack at different times. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery will be in thermal runaway. S2: When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery or the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway spreads to other lithium batteries, and the battery pack has its own fire start; S3: When the control module receives temperature information from the detection module that is higher than a preset corresponding threshold, the control module controls the battery pack to be powered off urgently. The control module controls the telescopic rod to move the battery pack cover upward and slide along the third adjustment component. The battery pack cover is away from the lithium battery. The control module controls the first-level gas fire extinguisher to start, and the first-level gas fire extinguisher sprays gas toward the battery pack. S4: When the control module receives temperature information from the second temperature sensor and / or pressure information from the second pressure sensor that is higher than a preset threshold, the control module controls the secondary water firefighting to start, and the secondary water firefighting sprays liquid toward the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of the lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test method of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Typical embodiments that embody the features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention is capable of various variations in different embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and that the descriptions and illustrations are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting.

[0025] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, the lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system includes a host computer, a control module, an induced thermal runaway subsystem, a data acquisition subsystem, a safety protection subsystem, and a detection module for detecting the internal temperature of the battery pack. The control module is used to receive instructions from the host computer, control the opening and closing of the induced thermal runaway subsystem, receive information collected by the data acquisition subsystem, control the opening and closing of the safety protection subsystem, control the extension and sliding of the telescopic rod, control the front and back and up and down sliding of the first laser heating submodule, control the left and right and front and back sliding of the second laser heating submodule, control the start and stop of the stepper motor, and control the power on or off of the battery pack.

[0027] The thermal runaway inducing subsystem includes a thermal resistance heating module, a laser heating module, a cooling module, and an overcharge and over-discharge control module, which are respectively used for overall heating, local heating, cooling, charging and discharging of the lithium batteries in the battery pack. In this embodiment, the thermal resistance heating module can be a resistance wire or a heating plate. In this embodiment, the thermal resistance heating module is used to heat the lithium batteries in the battery pack as a whole, or to heat a single lithium battery in the battery pack.

[0028] The laser heating module includes a first laser heating sub-module and a second laser heating sub-module respectively located on the side and top of the battery pack, a first adjustment component for the first laser heating sub-module to slide forward and backward and up and down, a second adjustment component for the second laser heating sub-module to slide left and right and forward and backward, a support base for supporting the battery pack, and a stepper motor connected to the support base and driving the support base to rotate circumferentially in the horizontal plane. The battery pack and the support base are detachably connected. Specifically, a first connecting hole is provided on the bottom plate of the battery pack, and a second connecting hole is provided on the support base. The battery pack and the support base are bolted together through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole.

[0029] The data acquisition subsystem is used to collect the pressure and temperature of each lithium battery in the battery pack, as well as the gas composition and gas emissions released by the lithium battery. The safety protection subsystem is used to protect the battery pack as a whole. The detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module.

[0030] The data acquisition subsystem includes a plurality of first temperature sensors and first pressure sensors, each of which is arranged on each lithium battery, and a gas analyzer at one end of which is located inside the battery pack to collect gas components and gas emissions released by the lithium battery.

[0031] The safety protection subsystem includes a sealed protective box for accommodating the battery pack, and a first-level gas fire extinguishing device and a second-level water fire extinguishing device arranged in the protective box. The inner surface of the top of the protective box is provided with an electrically controlled telescopic rod connected to the upper cover of the battery pack, and a third adjustment component for the sliding of the telescopic rod. The protective box is provided with a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor for collecting the temperature and pressure in the protective box respectively. The second temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are used to transmit the temperature information and pressure information to the control module respectively.

[0032] In this embodiment, the first adjustment component, the second adjustment component, and the third adjustment component have the same structure. The first adjustment component includes two parallel first guide rails, and a second guide rail that can slide and limit along the length direction of the first guide rails. A first rack is provided along the length direction of the first guide rail, and a first motor is provided at both ends of the second guide rail. The first motor is connected to a first gear that meshes with the first rack. The second guide rail is perpendicular to the two first guide rails and a second rack is provided along the length direction of the second guide rail. A second gear that meshes with the second rack and a second motor connected to the second gear are provided on the second guide rail. The first laser heating submodule is connected to the second motor.

[0033] The host computer sends instructions to the control module, and the control module receives the instructions sent by the host computer and controls a single module or a random combination of multiple modules in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information on the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery that is higher than the preset corresponding threshold, the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway occurs. When the control module receives information on the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries that is higher than the preset corresponding threshold, the thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery spreads to other lithium batteries.

[0034] In this embodiment, the host computer sends instructions to the control module, and the control module receives the instructions sent by the host computer and controls the random combination of multiple modules in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the same lithium battery in the battery pack; or controls the random combination of multiple modules in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to different lithium batteries in the battery pack.

[0035] In this embodiment, the host computer sends an instruction to the control module, the control module receives the instruction sent by the host computer, and controls the first laser heating submodule in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway occurs, and the control module controls the thermal resistance heating module to stop being applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery spreads to other lithium batteries.

[0036] In this embodiment, the host computer sends instructions to the control module, the control module receives the instructions sent by the host computer, and controls a single module in the thermal runaway subsystem to apply it to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway occurs, and the control module controls other modules to continue to apply them to the corresponding lithium batteries in the battery pack in sequence. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery spreads to other lithium batteries.

[0037] In this embodiment, the host computer sends an instruction to the control module, the control module receives the instruction sent by the host computer, and controls the thermal resistance heating module in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway, the control module controls the thermal resistance heating module to stop being applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery spreads to other lithium batteries.

[0038] When the control module receives information about the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emissions of other lithium batteries that are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the battery pack's own fire protection is activated. When the control module receives information about the temperature of the detection module that is higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the control module controls the battery pack to be powered off urgently and simultaneously controls the safety protection subsystem to start fire protection for the entire battery pack. When the safety protection subsystem is activated, the control module controls the telescopic rod to shorten, and the telescopic rod drives the battery pack cover to move upward. The control module controls the telescopic rod to slide along the third adjustment component, and the telescopic rod drives the battery pack cover away from the lithium battery. The control module controls the first-level gas fire extinguishing to start; When the control module receives temperature information from the second temperature sensor and / or pressure information from the second pressure sensor that is higher than a preset threshold, the control module controls the secondary water firefighting to start.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test method includes the lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system described above, and further includes the following steps: S1: The host computer sends a command to the control module. The control module receives the command from the host computer and controls a single module in the thermal runaway subsystem to apply it to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery will be in thermal runaway. Or control multiple modules in the thermal runaway-inducing subsystem to be simultaneously applied to the same corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery will thermally runaway; Or a single module in the subsystem that induces thermal runaway is controlled and applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery is in thermal runaway, and the other modules are applied to the corresponding lithium batteries in the battery pack in turn. Or control multiple modules in the thermal runaway-inducing subsystem to be applied to different lithium batteries in the battery pack at the same time. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery will be in thermal runaway; Or control multiple modules in the thermal runaway-inducing subsystem to apply the control signals to different lithium batteries in the battery pack at different times. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery will be in thermal runaway. S2: When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery or the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway spreads to other lithium batteries, and the battery pack has its own fire start; S3: When the control module receives temperature information from the detection module that is higher than a preset corresponding threshold, the control module controls the battery pack to be powered off urgently. The control module controls the telescopic rod to move the battery pack cover upward and slide along the third adjustment component. The battery pack cover is away from the lithium battery. The control module controls the first-level gas fire extinguisher to start, and the first-level gas fire extinguisher sprays gas toward the battery pack. S4: When the control module receives temperature information from the second temperature sensor and / or pressure information from the second pressure sensor that is higher than a preset threshold, the control module controls the secondary water firefighting to start, and the secondary water firefighting sprays liquid toward the battery pack.

[0040] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and replacements made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system, characterized by: The system comprises a host computer, a control module, an induced thermal runaway subsystem, and a data acquisition subsystem. The control module is used to receive instructions from the host computer, control the start and stop of the induced thermal runaway subsystem, and receive information collected by the data acquisition subsystem. The induced thermal runaway subsystem is used to apply overall heating, local heating, cooling, charging and discharging operations to the lithium batteries in the battery pack. The data acquisition subsystem is used to collect the pressure and temperature of each lithium battery in the battery pack, as well as the gas composition and gas emission released by the lithium battery. The host computer sends instructions to the control module. The control module receives the instructions sent by the host computer and controls the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information on the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery that is higher than the preset corresponding threshold, the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway occurs. When the control module receives information on the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries that is higher than the preset corresponding threshold, the thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery spreads to other lithium batteries.

2. The lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The induced thermal runaway subsystem includes a thermal resistance heating module, a laser heating module, a cooling module, and an overcharge and overdischarge control module, which are respectively used for overall heating, local heating, cooling, charging and discharging of the lithium batteries in the battery pack; The host computer sends instructions to the control module. The control module receives the instructions sent by the host computer and controls a single module or a random combination of multiple modules in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the lithium battery in the battery pack.

3. The lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The host computer sends instructions to the control module. The control module receives the instructions sent by the host computer and controls the random combination of multiple modules in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the same lithium battery in the battery pack; or controls the random combination of multiple modules in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to different lithium batteries in the battery pack.

4. The lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laser heating module includes a first laser heating submodule and a second laser heating submodule, respectively located on the side and top of the battery pack, a first adjustment component for sliding the first laser heating submodule forward and backward and upward, a second adjustment component for sliding the second laser heating submodule left and right and forward and backward, a support base for supporting the battery pack, and a stepper motor connected to the support base and driving the support base to rotate circumferentially in the horizontal plane. The control module is also used to control the forward and backward and upward sliding of the first laser heating module, the left and right sliding of the second laser heating submodule, and the start and stop of the stepper motor. The host computer sends an instruction to the control module, the control module receives the instruction sent by the host computer, and controls the first laser heating submodule in the thermal runaway subsystem to be applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway occurs, and the control module controls the thermal resistance heating module to stop being applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery spreads to other lithium batteries.

5. The lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The host computer sends instructions to the control module, the control module receives the instructions sent by the host computer, and controls a single module in the thermal runaway subsystem to apply it to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold, the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway, and the control module controls other modules to continue to apply them to the corresponding lithium batteries in the battery pack in sequence. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries is higher than the preset corresponding threshold, the thermal runaway of the corresponding lithium battery spreads to other lithium batteries.

6. The lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition subsystem includes a plurality of first temperature sensors and first pressure sensors respectively arranged on each lithium battery, and a gas analyzer with one end located inside the battery pack to collect gas components and gas emissions released by the lithium battery.

7. The lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a safety protection subsystem and a detection module for detecting the temperature inside the battery pack. The control module is used to control the opening and closing of the safety protection subsystem and to control the power on or off of the battery pack. The safety protection subsystem is used to prevent fire in the entire battery pack. The detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module. When the control module receives information about the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emissions of other lithium batteries that is higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the battery pack's built-in fire protection is activated. When the control module receives temperature information from the detection module that is higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the control module controls the battery pack to be powered off urgently, and at the same time controls the safety protection subsystem to start the overall fire protection of the battery pack.

8. The lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The safety protection subsystem includes a sealed protection box for accommodating the battery pack and a first-level gas fire protection device arranged in the protection box. The control module is also used to control the extension and sliding of the telescopic rod; The inner surface of the top of the protective box is provided with an electrically controlled telescopic rod connected to the battery pack cover, and a third adjustment component for the sliding of the telescopic rod. When the safety protection subsystem is activated, the control module controls the shortening of the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod drives the battery pack cover to move upward. The control module controls the telescopic rod to slide along the third adjustment component, and the telescopic rod drives the battery pack cover away from the lithium battery. The control module controls the activation of the first-level gas fire extinguisher.

9. The lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The protection box is provided with a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor for respectively collecting the temperature and pressure in the protection box, and the second temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are respectively used to transmit the temperature information and the pressure information to the control module. The safety protection subsystem also includes a secondary water fire protection arranged in the protection box; When the control module receives temperature information from the second temperature sensor and / or pressure information from the second pressure sensor that is higher than a preset threshold, the control module controls the secondary water firefighting to start.

10. A lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test method, characterized by: The lithium battery thermal runaway diffusion simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 further comprises the following steps: S1: The host computer sends a command to the control module. The control module receives the command from the host computer and controls a single module in the thermal runaway subsystem to apply it to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery will be in thermal runaway. Or control multiple modules in the thermal runaway-inducing subsystem to be simultaneously applied to the same corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery will thermally runaway; Or a single module in the subsystem that induces thermal runaway is controlled and applied to the corresponding lithium battery in the battery pack. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery is in thermal runaway, and the other modules are applied to the corresponding lithium batteries in the battery pack in turn. Or control multiple modules in the thermal runaway-inducing subsystem to be applied to different lithium batteries in the battery pack at the same time. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery is higher than the preset corresponding threshold value, the corresponding lithium battery will be in thermal runaway; Or control multiple modules in the thermal runaway-inducing subsystem to apply the control signals to different lithium batteries in the battery pack at different times. When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas composition of the corresponding lithium battery are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery will be in thermal runaway. S2: When the control module receives information that the temperature and / or pressure and / or gas emission of other lithium batteries are higher than the preset corresponding thresholds, the corresponding lithium battery or the corresponding lithium battery thermal runaway spreads to other lithium batteries, and the battery pack has its own fire start; S3: When the control module receives temperature information from the detection module that is higher than a preset corresponding threshold, the control module controls the battery pack to be powered off urgently. The control module controls the telescopic rod to move the battery pack cover upward and slide along the third adjustment component. The battery pack cover is away from the lithium battery. The control module controls the first-level gas fire extinguisher to start, and the first-level gas fire extinguisher sprays gas toward the battery pack. S4: When the control module receives temperature information from the second temperature sensor and / or pressure information from the second pressure sensor that is higher than a preset threshold, the control module controls the secondary water firefighting to start, and the secondary water firefighting sprays liquid toward the battery pack.

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