Alkaline miscellaneous rock type niobium ore prospecting method

Abstract

The invention relates to an alkaline miscellaneous rock type niobium ore prospecting method, which belongs to the technical field of geological prospecting, and comprises the following steps: systematically carding regional geological structure evolution and stratum lithology distribution, and mastering the distribution range, rock type and geological age of alkaline miscellaneous rocks; a gravimeter is adopted for measurement, and gravity abnormal data are obtained; the method comprises the following steps: collecting sediment samples in a water system in a target area, analyzing the content of niobium in the sediment, collecting surface and deep soil samples in a niobium element enrichment area, analyzing the content of the niobium element, collecting remote sensing image data in the target area, highlighting geological information related to alkaline miscellaneous rocks, and calculating the content of the niobium element in the target area. Comprehensively analyzing the remote sensing image, and delineating a possible mineralization alteration area; establishing a comprehensive database, and delineating a target region with the highest prospecting potential; sampling is conducted in the delineated target area, and the ore body position, scale and grade of the alkaline miscellaneous rock type niobium ore are determined. By comprehensively applying various technical means, the prospecting accuracy and efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological prospecting, and in particular to a method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium ore. Background Art

[0002] Niobium, a vital rare metal, has indispensable applications in a wide range of fields, including aerospace, electronics, and steel. Alkaline complex-type niobium deposits are a key type of niobium ore, but current prospecting methods for this type of niobium deposit have certain limitations.

[0003] Traditional prospecting methods often focus on a single approach, such as relying solely on geological mapping or geophysical exploration, which makes it difficult to comprehensively and accurately identify potential mineralized areas in alkaline complex-type niobium deposits. While geological mapping can provide basic information such as geological structure and rock types, its ability to detect deeply buried niobium mineralization is limited. Geophysical exploration methods, such as gravity and magnetic surveys, can detect anomalies in underground geological bodies to a certain extent. However, for ore bodies with unique geological settings and mineralization characteristics such as alkaline complex-type niobium deposits, the identification and interpretation of these anomalies are difficult, and are prone to misjudgment or omission.

[0004] Furthermore, existing prospecting methods are inadequate in comprehensive data analysis and utilization, failing to fully integrate diverse geological information, resulting in low prospecting efficiency and high costs. Therefore, a more scientific, efficient, and accurate prospecting method for alkaline complex-type niobium deposits is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits, which, by comprehensively applying a variety of technical means, improves the accuracy and efficiency of prospecting, reduces the cost of prospecting, and can more effectively discover potential mineralized areas of alkaline complex-type niobium deposits.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium ore, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0007] 1. Collect existing geological data on the target area and its surrounding areas, including geological maps, stratigraphic cross-sections, and rock specimen analysis reports. Systematically review the regional geological structural evolution and stratigraphic lithology distribution to understand the distribution range, rock types, and geological age of the alkaline complex.

[0008] Second, arrange gravity measurement points in the target area and use high-precision gravimeters to obtain gravity anomaly data. Based on the principle that gravity anomalies are caused by the difference in rock density between alkaline volcanic rocks and surrounding rocks, the target area with potential alkaline volcanic rocks will be preliminarily identified.

[0009] 3. Stream sediment and soil measurements: Collect sediment samples from streams within the target area and analyze the niobium content in the sediment samples to identify areas of abnormal niobium enrichment. Increase the number of soil sampling points in these areas, collect surface and deep soil samples, and analyze the niobium and its indicator element content to further determine the spatial distribution of the niobium mineralization anomaly.

[0010] 4. Collect high-resolution remote sensing image data within the target area, and use image enhancement, filtering and other technical means to highlight geological information related to alkaline complex rocks. Combined with data information, comprehensive analysis of remote sensing images can be performed to delineate possible mineralized alteration areas.

[0011] 5. Establish a comprehensive database to integrate and store all acquired data, and use multivariate statistical analysis methods to identify target areas with the greatest prospecting potential;

[0012] 6. Conduct on-site drilling and sampling within the designated target area to ultimately determine the location, scale and grade of the alkaline complex-type niobium ore body.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes conducting field geological surveys, making detailed geological maps of areas with good outcrops, observing and recording the structure, texture, and mineral composition characteristics of the rocks, drawing detailed geological sketches, and determining the contact relationship between the alkaline complex and other rocks, and the shape and scale of the intrusion.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes simultaneous magnetic measurement work, using proton magnetometers or fluxgate magnetometers to measure changes in the Earth's magnetic field intensity and draw magnetic anomaly maps. Combined with gravity anomaly information, it further narrows the scope of the prospecting target area and determines the specific location and direction of the alkaline complex.

[0015] Furthermore, samples were arranged according to the set grid spacing. The indicator elements of niobium included tantalum and rare earth elements, and contour maps of geochemical element contents were drawn.

[0016] Furthermore, the high-resolution remote sensing image data includes images in the visible light, near-infrared and thermal infrared bands; the geological information related to the alkaline complex includes the color and texture differences of the rocks.

[0017] Furthermore, geographic information system technology is used to perform spatial overlay analysis on data from different sources; the multivariate statistical analysis method includes principal component analysis and cluster analysis, which quantitatively analyzes various data to find out the internal connections and patterns between the data.

[0018] Furthermore, sediment samples are collected in the water system, including original sediment sampling and subsequent sediment dynamic sampling;

[0019] When conducting subsequent dynamic sediment sampling, it is necessary to set up multiple sediment sampling devices at intervals from upstream to downstream in a water system such as a stream. The sediment sampling device includes a sampling bucket and an installation chamber. The sampling bucket is a hollow bucket-shaped structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The sampling bucket is submerged in the bottom of the stream, and the extension plate of the top port of the sampling bucket is exposed above the existing sediment at the bottom of the stream, so that subsequent sediment can flow into the sampling bucket and deposited. In the vertical direction, a number of partitions are vertically stacked from large to small in the installation chamber. At each set time interval, a partition moves down into the sampling bucket and descends to its extreme position. Every time a partition sinks, the top port of the sampling bucket is closed by a pair of relatively arranged water-passing plates, so that water flows out from above the sampling bucket along the water-passing plates. When all the partitions sink to the corresponding positions inside the sampling bucket, the sediment sampling device is taken out of the water, and the sediment deposited on the partitions is taken out layer by layer, and the sample numbers are marked in order.

[0020] Furthermore, the sediment sampling device also includes a filter plate and a scraper block. The filter plate covers the inlet at the top of the sampling bucket to filter the water entering the sampling bucket and remove debris including dead branches, weeds, and leaves. The scraper block is installed in a linear sliding manner on the surface of the filter plate to intermittently clean the debris accumulated on the outside of the filter plate.

[0021] Furthermore, a pair of fixed columns are provided in the installation bin, and a telescopic column is installed parallel between the two fixed columns. The fixed columns are fixed in the installation bin, and the telescopic column moves vertically and telescopically in the installation bin; several layers of elastically telescopic sliding columns are provided on the fixed columns, and the ends of the sliding columns are in squeeze contact with the perforated hole walls of the partition to fix the installed partition; each partition has a socket at the position for inserting the telescopic column, and a magnetic ring is installed in the socket, and a magnet is installed in the bottom end of the telescopic column, and the magnetic attraction between the magnet and the magnetic ring is so great that it can only take away the bottom partition and move it to the corresponding position in the sampling bucket. During the movement, if there is excess mud and sand in the sampling bucket, it will flow out from the socket.

[0022] Furthermore, a sliding tongue is elastically and telescopically installed in the opposite side walls of the sampling bucket, and the upper surface of the end of the sliding tongue extending into the sampling bucket is an arc surface, so that after the partition passes over the sliding tongue, it cannot vertically retreat with the telescopic column.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The alkaline complex type niobium ore prospecting method has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. Strong comprehensiveness: The present invention comprehensively utilizes a variety of technical means such as regional geological background research, geophysical exploration, geochemical exploration, remote sensing technology and drilling verification to detect and analyze alkaline complex-type niobium deposits from different angles, giving full play to the advantages of various technical means and improving the accuracy and reliability of prospecting.

[0026] 2. Data integration and efficient analysis: By establishing a comprehensive database and applying GIS technology and multivariate statistical analysis methods, we have achieved effective integration and in-depth analysis of various geological information, which can more accurately identify mineralization anomalies and delineate prospecting targets, greatly improving prospecting efficiency, reducing blind exploration work, and lowering prospecting costs.

[0027] 3. Wide adaptability: This prospecting method is applicable to areas with different geological conditions and topography. Whether it is mountainous areas, plains or hilly areas, it can effectively carry out prospecting work by reasonably adjusting technical means and parameters.

[0028] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic top view of the sediment sampling device used in the subsequent dynamic sediment sampling method;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the sediment sampling device in the water flow direction;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of all the partitions of the present invention being stored in the installation bin;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at B in the middle;

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Magnified view of point A in .

[0034] In the figure: sampling bucket 1, mounting chamber 2, filter plate 3, scraper block 4, partition 5, extension plate 6, fixed column 7, telescopic column 8, magnet 9, slider 10, water flow plate 11, telescopic rod 12, sliding column 13, magnetic ring 14, sliding tongue 15, blocking column 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0036] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not require further definition or explanation in subsequent drawings.

[0038] The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits. During prospecting, a regional geological background study is required. This involves collecting existing geological data from the target area and its surroundings, including geological maps, stratigraphic profiles, and rock specimen analysis reports. The regional geological tectonic evolution and stratigraphic lithologic distribution are systematically analyzed. The focus is on the distribution range of the alkaline complex, rock types such as syenite and nepheline syenite, and their geological age. Field geological surveys are conducted, with detailed geological mapping performed in areas with good outcrops. The rock structure, texture, and mineralogy are observed and recorded, and detailed geological sketches are drawn to determine the contact relationship between the alkaline complex and other rocks, as well as the morphology and scale of the intrusions. Furthermore, geophysical exploration is also required, specifically including gravity exploration. This involves the reasonable arrangement of gravity measurement points in the target area, using high-precision gravimeters for measurement, obtaining gravity anomaly data, and then processing and analyzing the gravity data to create gravity anomaly maps to identify gravity anomaly areas associated with the alkaline complex. Alkaline complexes often produce significant gravity anomalies due to their different rock density compared to surrounding rocks. This characteristic is used to preliminarily delineate the potential distribution range of alkaline complexes. In addition, magnetic measurements are conducted simultaneously, using equipment such as proton magnetometers or fluxgate magnetometers to measure changes in the Earth's magnetic field strength. Magnetic anomaly maps are then created and their characteristics analyzed. Certain minerals in alkaline complexes, such as magnetite, can cause magnetic anomalies. Combined with gravity anomaly information, this information can further narrow the prospecting target area and determine the specific location and trend of the alkaline complex.

[0039] In addition to the physical surveys described above, geochemical surveys are also conducted, primarily involving stream sediment measurements. Sediment samples are collected from streams within the target area and arranged at a specific grid spacing. The samples are analyzed for niobium and related indicator elements, such as tantalum and rare earth elements. Geochemical element content contour maps are drawn to identify areas of abnormal enrichment of niobium and other elements, which may be associated with the mineralization of alkaline complex-type niobium deposits. Collecting sediment samples from streams involves not only sampling existing sediments, i.e., extracting sediments from the bottom of rivers or streams, but also dynamically extracting sediments, i.e., the subsequent dynamic sediment sampling proposed in this embodiment. When performing subsequent dynamic sediment sampling, multiple sediment sampling devices are installed at intervals from upstream to downstream in a stream system, such as a stream, to more comprehensively determine the sediment composition at various points along the water path. For example, if all sediment samples collected at a certain point contain niobium, while all upstream sampling points do not, this may indicate that niobium is present in the area between these samples.

[0040] More specifically, in this embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 2 The sediment sampling device includes a sampling bucket 1 and a mounting chamber 2. The sampling bucket 1 is a hollow bucket-shaped structure with a large upper portion and a small lower portion. The sampling bucket 1 is submerged in the bottom of the stream, and an extension plate 6 at the top end of the sampling bucket 1 is exposed above the existing sediment at the bottom of the stream, so that subsequent sediment can flow into the sampling bucket 1 and be deposited. In addition, in this embodiment, in the vertical direction, the mounting chamber 2 is as shown in FIG. Figure 3As shown, a number of partitions 5 are stacked vertically from large to small. When these partitions 5 are moved to corresponding positions within the sampling hopper 1, they divide the hopper 1 into multiple compartments. During sampling, at set intervals, for example, every two weeks, a partition 5 is lowered into the hopper 1 and lowered to its limit position. Each time a partition 5 is lowered, it covers the previously lowered partition 5. The top opening of the sampling hopper 1 is immediately brought closer by a pair of opposing water drain plates 11, restoring the closed state of the top opening of the sampling hopper 1. This allows water to flow out of the hopper 1 along the water drain plates 11, preventing sediment from accumulating above the newly lowered partition 5. After, for example, a week, the water drain plates 11 move away from each other. Of course, this timing can be controlled manually or remotely based on weather conditions, such as by automatically opening the water drain plates 11 on rainy days. In practice, after the top port of the sampling bucket 1 is opened, it is kept open for a period of time, such as one hour, which is specifically set according to the adaptive flow rate of the sediment flow of the current river or stream to avoid excessive sediment flowing in at one time, which would make it difficult for the next partition 5 to fully move down, or even cause the sampling bucket 1 to fill up quickly and be unable to continue sampling. When all the partitions 5 have sunk to the corresponding positions inside the sampling bucket 1, the sediment sampling package is removed from the water, and the sediment deposited on the partitions 5 is removed layer by layer, and the sample numbers are marked in order and sent to the laboratory for testing. This can accurately determine whether there are still minerals containing niobium mixed in. The most important thing is to make a comprehensive judgment based on the weather during the period. If the niobium content in the sediments of a certain section of the river increases significantly during heavy rain, while the niobium content in the sediments of this section of the river does not change significantly during sunny and light rainy weather, it may indicate that the niobium ore is far away from the river or located at a deep depth.

[0041] In this embodiment, Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the sediment sampling device also includes a filter plate 3 and a scraper 4. The filter plate 3 covers the inlet at the top of the sampling bucket 1 to filter the water entering the sampling bucket 1, remove debris including dead branches, weeds, and leaves, and try to bypass the sediment and other debris before flowing into the sampling bucket 1. In this embodiment, the scraper 4 is installed on the surface of the filter plate 3 in a straight line and slides to intermittently clean the debris accumulated on the outside of the filter plate 3. The scraper 4 can be as Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a slider 10 is used for linear sliding installation, and the position where the slider 10 is located and the installation chamber 2 are both exposed to the water surface.

[0042] In this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, a pair of fixed columns 7 are provided in the installation chamber 2, and a telescopic column 8 is installed parallel to the two fixed columns 7. The telescopic column 8 can be extended and retracted under the action of the corresponding controller to drive the corresponding partition 5 to sink. Specifically, the fixed columns 7 are fixed in the installation chamber 2, and the telescopic column 8 can be vertically extended and retracted in the installation chamber 2. Figure 4As shown, several layers of elastically telescopically mounted sliding posts 13 are provided on the fixed posts 7. The ends of the sliding posts 13 are in press-contact with the perforated walls of the partitions 5 to securely mount the partitions 5. Each partition 5 has a socket for the insertion of the telescopic posts 8. A magnetic ring 14 is installed in this socket. A magnet 9 is installed in the bottom end of the telescopic posts 8. The magnetic attraction between the magnet 9 and the magnetic ring 14 is such that only the bottom partition 5 can be carried away and moved to the corresponding position in the sampling hopper 1. Moreover, during the movement, if there is excess sediment in the sampling hopper 1, it will flow out of the socket. When the volume of the individual compartments of the sampling hopper 1 divided by the partitions 5 is sufficient to accommodate the sediment entering each time, a blocking post 16 can be fixed at the bottom of the sampling hopper 1 to block the socket.

[0043] To install the partition 5, Figure 5 As shown, a sliding tongue 15 is elastically and telescopically installed in the opposite side wall of the sampling bucket 1. The upper surface of the end of the sliding tongue 15 extending into the sampling bucket 1 is an arc surface, so that after the partition 5 passes over the sliding tongue 15, it cannot be vertically retreated with the telescopic column 8, thereby realizing accurate installation of the partition 5.

[0044] In this example, soil measurements were also conducted after stream sediment measurements. Within the key areas identified by the stream sediment measurements, soil sampling points were re-invigorated to collect surface and deep soil samples. Niobium and indicator element content were also analyzed to further determine the spatial distribution of mineralized anomalies and distinguish between primary and secondary halos, providing more accurate target information for subsequent drilling.

[0045] In this embodiment, for a more comprehensive survey, remote sensing technology can also be used to collect high-resolution remote sensing image data of the target area, including images in the visible, near-infrared, and thermal infrared bands. Remote sensing image processing software can be used to pre-process the images, including geometric and radiometric corrections. Image enhancement and filtering techniques can be used to highlight geological information related to alkaline complexes, such as rock color and texture differences. Geological features such as linear and circular structures can be identified in remote sensing images, as these structures are often closely related to intrusion and mineralization in alkaline complexes. Combining geological, geophysical, and geochemical information, remote sensing images can be comprehensively analyzed to delineate possible areas of mineralization and alteration.

[0046] Finally, based on the above implementation methods, integrated data analysis and target area delineation are performed. Specifically, a comprehensive database needs to be established to integrate and store data from regional geological background studies, geophysical exploration, geochemical surveys, and remote sensing technology. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is used to perform spatial overlay analysis of data from different sources. Multivariate statistical analysis methods, such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis, are used to quantitatively analyze various data and identify the inherent connections and patterns between the data. Integrating the knowledge and experience of geological experts, a comprehensive assessment of the analysis results is conducted to delineate the target areas with the greatest prospecting potential.

[0047] In this embodiment, after implementing the above steps in the prospecting method, the identified target area is finally drilled for verification. Within the defined target area, drill holes are strategically located based on geological conditions and preliminary work. In practice, advanced drilling techniques such as diamond drilling are typically employed to obtain deep core samples. Detailed rock and mineral identification and chemical analysis are performed on the core samples to determine information such as the mineral composition, degree of niobium mineralization, and type of mineralization. Through drilling verification, key parameters such as the location, size, and grade of the alkaline complex-type niobium deposit are ultimately determined.

[0048] In the above description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "one side," "the other side," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely for distinction and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] Furthermore, the term "identical" and similar terms do not necessarily require that the components be absolutely identical; slight variations are permitted. The term "perpendicular" simply refers to the positional relationship between components being more perpendicular than "parallel," not that the structure must be perfectly vertical; rather, it can be slightly tilted.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits, characterized by: The following steps are included: S1. Collect existing geological data in and around the target area, including geological maps, stratigraphic cross-sections, and rock specimen analysis reports. Systematically review the regional geological structural evolution and stratigraphic lithology distribution to understand the distribution range, rock types, and geological age of the alkaline complex. S2. Arrange gravity measurement points in the target area and use high-precision gravimeters to obtain gravity anomaly data. Based on the principle that gravity anomalies are caused by differences in rock density between alkaline volcanic rocks and surrounding rocks, preliminarily identify target areas with potential alkaline volcanic rock distribution. S3. Stream sediment and soil measurements: Collect sediment samples from streams within the target area and analyze the niobium content in the sediment samples to identify areas of abnormal niobium enrichment. Increase the number of soil sampling points in these areas, collect surface and deep soil samples, and analyze the niobium and its indicator element content to further determine the spatial distribution of the niobium mineralization anomaly. S4. Collect high-resolution remote sensing image data within the target area, highlight the geological information related to the alkaline complex through image enhancement, filtering and other technical means, combine the data information from steps S1-S3, comprehensively analyze the remote sensing images, and delineate possible mineralized alteration areas; S5. Establish a comprehensive database, integrate and store all the data obtained in steps S1-S4, and use multivariate statistical analysis methods to identify the target areas with the greatest prospecting potential; S6. Conduct field drilling and sampling within the designated target area to ultimately determine the location, scale and grade of the alkaline complex-type niobium ore body.

2. The method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 also includes conducting field geological surveys, making detailed geological maps of areas with good outcrops, observing and recording the structure, texture, and mineral composition characteristics of the rocks, drawing detailed geological sketches, and determining the contact relationship between the alkaline complex and other rocks, and the shape and scale of the intrusion.

3. The method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 also includes simultaneous magnetic measurement work, using a proton magnetometer or fluxgate magnetometer to measure changes in the Earth's magnetic field strength and draw a magnetic anomaly map. Combined with gravity anomaly information, the scope of the prospecting target area is further narrowed and the specific location and direction of the alkaline complex is determined.

4. The method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, samples are arranged according to the set grid spacing. The indicator elements of niobium include tantalum and rare earth elements, and a contour map of geochemical element content is drawn.

5. The method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-resolution remote sensing image data includes images in the visible light, near-infrared and thermal infrared bands; the geological information related to the alkaline complex includes the color and texture differences of the rocks.

6. The method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the data from different sources are spatially overlaid and analyzed using geographic information system technology; the multivariate statistical analysis method includes principal component analysis and cluster analysis, which quantitatively analyzes various data to find the internal connections and patterns between the data.

7. The method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits according to claim 1, characterized in that: Collect sediment samples in the water system, including original sediment sampling and subsequent sediment dynamic sampling; When performing subsequent dynamic sediment sampling, it is necessary to set up multiple sediment sampling devices at intervals from upstream to downstream in the flowing water system. The sediment sampling device includes a sampling bucket (1) and an installation chamber (2). The sampling bucket (1) is a hollow bucket-shaped structure with a large upper portion and a small lower portion. The sampling bucket (1) is submerged in the bottom of the stream, and an extension plate (6) at the top port of the sampling bucket (1) is exposed above the existing sediment at the bottom of the stream, so that subsequent sediment can flow into the sampling bucket (1) and be deposited. In the vertical direction, the installation chamber (2) is arranged from large to small. A plurality of partitions (5) are stacked vertically. At a set time interval, one partition (5) moves down into the sampling bucket (1) and descends to its limit position. Each time a partition (5) is sunk, the top port of the sampling bucket (1) is closed by a pair of oppositely arranged water-passing plates (11), so that water flows out from the top of the sampling bucket (1) along the water-passing plates (11). When all the partitions (5) are sunk to corresponding positions inside the sampling bucket (1), the sediment sampling package is taken out of the water, and the sediment deposited on the partitions (5) is taken out layer by layer, and the sample numbers are marked in order.

8. The method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sediment sampling device further comprises a filter plate (3) and a scraper (4); the filter plate (3) covers the inlet at the top of the sampling hopper (1) to filter the water entering the sampling hopper (1) and remove debris including dead branches, weeds, and leaves; the scraper (4) is linearly slidably mounted on the surface of the filter plate (3) to intermittently clean the debris accumulated on the outside of the filter plate (3).

9. The method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits according to claim 7, characterized in that: A pair of fixed columns (7) are provided in the installation chamber (2), and a telescopic column (8) is installed in parallel between the two fixed columns (7). The fixed columns (7) are fixed in the installation chamber (2), and the telescopic column (8) is vertically telescopically movable in the installation chamber (2); a plurality of layers of elastically telescopically mounted sliding columns (13) are provided on the fixed columns (7), and the ends of the sliding columns (13) are in extrusion contact with the perforated hole wall of the partition (5) to fix the partition (5); each partition (5) has a socket at a position for inserting the telescopic column (8), and a magnetic ring (14) is installed in the socket; a magnet (9) is installed in the bottom end of the telescopic column (8), and the magnetic attraction between the magnet (9) and the magnetic ring (14) is large enough to only take away the bottom partition (5) and move it to a corresponding position in the sampling bucket (1). During the movement, if there is excess mud and sand in the sampling bucket (1), it will flow out from the socket.

10. The method for prospecting alkaline complex-type niobium deposits according to claim 7, characterized in that: A sliding tongue (15) is elastically and telescopically installed in the opposite side walls of the sampling bucket (1), and the upper surface of the end of the sliding tongue (15) extending into the sampling bucket (1) is an arc surface, so that the partition (5) cannot be vertically retreated together with the telescopic column (8) after passing over the sliding tongue (15).

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