Optimization design method for zoned planting of coast vegetation communities

Abstract

The invention discloses a coast vegetation community zoning planting optimization design method, which comprises the following steps of: selecting suitable high trees and low trees according to the design water level and topographic features of a coast region in combination with coast vegetation suitable conditions; according to the shoal width, the zoning width of a coast vegetation community is determined, wherein the zoning width comprises the width of a high tree planting area and the width of a low tree planting area; according to the coast vegetation community planting width and a wave dissipation formula, the wave height at the embankment foot is calculated, and the width of the grass planting belt is determined through a wave climbing calculation formula. The problem of water immersion of extreme waves in the storm surge period to a city behind the dike is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coastal ecological disaster reduction, and in particular relates to a coastal vegetation community zoning and planting optimization design method. Background Art

[0002] Traditional seawalls primarily serve to block tides and break waves, resulting in a relatively limited function. To improve their wave-breaking effectiveness, the embankment structures are built tall and large, blocking the exchange of material and energy between the two sides, causing damage to the ecological environment and being inconsistent with coastal waterscapes and ecological needs. Furthermore, they are easily damaged during extreme storm surges and lack resilience. Coastal plant communities such as mangroves and bermudagrass have excellent ecological capabilities, reducing waves and slowing currents, protecting silt and promoting beach formation, and adapting to sea level rise, mitigating the impact of storm surges on coastal areas. Even if damaged, vegetation will recover during normal times and demonstrate strong resilience. However, traditional planting methods primarily focus on ecological restoration, relying on manual experience. Some tree species struggle to survive under complex coastal dynamics. For example, Avicennia marina has an optimal flooding period of 6–8 hours; if this period is exceeded, the vegetation will die. Furthermore, in some developed cities, the usable shallows in front of the embankment are limited (mostly 30–50 meters). Traditional, monotonous coastal vegetation layouts restrict their ability to break waves and mitigate disasters during storm surges. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention proposes a coastal vegetation community zoning and planting optimization design method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the design of coastal vegetation community zoning and establishment, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Based on the designed water level and topographical characteristics of the coastal area, and in combination with the suitable conditions for coastal vegetation, select suitable tall and short tree species;

[0006] Determine the zone width of the coastal vegetation community according to the width of the shoal, wherein the zone width includes the width of the high tree planting area and the low tree planting area;

[0007] According to the planting width of coastal vegetation communities and the wave-breaking formula, the wave height at the embankment foot is calculated, and the width of the grass strip is determined using the wave run-up calculation formula.

[0008] Preferably, the suitable tall tree species include Hylocereus rubra and Sonneratia salsa; the suitable low tree species include Avicennia marina and Acanthus truncatula.

[0009] Preferably, based on the wave energy attenuation theory, the efficient wave-breaking interval of tall trees is 20 meters; when the width of the shoal is less than or equal to 20 meters, tall trees are planted throughout; when the width of the shoal is greater than 20 meters, tall trees are planted in the first 20 meters, and the remaining area is divided into tall and short trees according to the wave attenuation process and terrain characteristics.

[0010] Preferably, the selection of tree species for the suitable high tree planting area and low tree planting area is determined according to the designed water depth, wherein:

[0011] When the designed water depth is 4.0-5.0 meters, choose Red Sea Orchid and Sonneratia as the tree species;

[0012] When the designed water depth is 2.0-3.0 meters, choose Avicennia marina as the tree species;

[0013] When the designed water depth is 1.0 meter, Acanthus fragrans is selected as the tree species.

[0014] Preferably, the calculation expression of the grass strip width is:

[0015] B min / L=0.11cotβ(ln(H / h)+0.48);

[0016] Where Bmin is the minimum width of the grass strip, L is the required wave run-up, h is the design water depth, H is the incident wave height at the embankment foot, and β is the slope angle of the embankment.

[0017] Preferably, the method further comprises determining whether it is necessary to raise the embankment top elevation according to the width of the grass planting strip:

[0018] When the distance from the top of the embankment to the design water level is greater than or equal to the width of the grass strip, the embankment does not need to be raised; when the distance from the top of the embankment to the design water level is less than the width of the grass strip, even if the entire embankment body is covered with grass strips, it will not be able to dissipate waves, and the elevation of the top of the embankment needs to be raised.

[0019] Preferably, the wave elimination formula is expressed as:

[0020]

[0021]

[0022] Where K zh represents the wave transmittance, K 低 Indicates the low tree wave elimination rate, K 高 represents the wave-breaking rate of high trees, Y represents the width ratio of high trees to low trees, H0 represents wave height, D represents water depth, and T 0m represents the period, W represents the width of the vegetation belt, l m represents wavelength, N represents the number of plants per unit area, P represents planting density, S represents planting area, h represents vegetation height, and β represents terrain slope.

[0023] The present invention also provides a coastal vegetation community zoning and planting system based on the method of claim 1, comprising:

[0024] Tree species selection module, used to select suitable tall and short tree species according to the design water level and terrain characteristics;

[0025] Partition width calculation module, used to determine the width of high tree planting area and low tree planting area;

[0026] The grass strip width calculation module is used to determine the grass strip width based on the wave attenuation process and embankment conditions.

[0027] The present invention also provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0029] This patent proposes a method for optimizing the design of zoning and planting coastal vegetation communities. The new technology is mainly based on the characteristics of vegetation adaptive dynamics (such as flooding time and tidal dynamics). It consists of high trees in the offshore area, low trees near the shore, and grass belts on the embankment, forming a "high in front and low in the back" coastal vegetation community planting pattern. It also determines the control parameters and methods of the front row of high trees, the back row of low trees, and the grass belts on the embankment slope, avoiding the problem of poor performance of traditional artificial experience-based design for storm surge protection. The design method is simple and fills the gap in the field. Through a series of experiments, the optimization design technology and parameters for zoning and planting coastal vegetation communities were established. In terms of tree species height selection, the crown center of the suitable tall tree is located near the design water level, the crown top of the suitable low tree is located near the design water level, and the starting point of the suitable grass belt is located near the design water level; in terms of tree species width selection, there is an efficient wave-breaking range for the planting width of tall trees in the vegetation community (width of about B = 20m), and the most economical grass belt width formula for the embankment slope (B min / L=0.11cotβ(ln(H / h)+0.48)), avoiding the problem of insufficient or excessive waste. Compared with traditional single-plant mangrove planting, the vegetation survival rate increased by 30%, and the maximum wave dissipation rate per width increased by approximately 20%, improving disaster resilience and reducing the threat of storm surges to cities in the rear. This maximizes ecological disaster reduction capacity within limited planting space while also taking into account ecological landscape benefits, promising promising applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of this application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of this application are intended to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the wave-breaking process of coastal vegetation communities according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the effect of grass strip width on maximum wave run-up under different wave height ratios according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a dimensionless diagram of the relationship between wave run-up and grass strip width according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0036] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and that, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0037] The present invention is mainly based on the characteristics of vegetation adaptive dynamics (such as flooding time and tidal dynamics), and is composed of high trees in the open sea, low trees near the shore, and grass belts on the embankment, forming a "high in front and low in the back" coastal vegetation community planting pattern. This technology is suitable for new seawalls or renovation of old embankments. In the selection of the height of suitable tree species, the center of the crown of the tall tree is located near the design water level, the top of the crown of the low tree is located near the design water level, and the starting point of the grass belt is located near the design water level. When a storm surge occurs, the extremely large waves are first attenuated by the shape resistance dissipation of the crown of the high tree facing the wave, and the remaining surface wave energy propagating through the pores is dissipated by the shear turbulence of the tops of the low trees at the rear; the embankment body adopts flexible plants for slope protection, and the waves are dissipated by the drag and friction of the plants in the process of climbing up the embankment slope, thereby realizing the step-by-step energy dissipation of vegetation and relay wave dissipation. The wave dissipation process is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0038] The key issue in selecting tree species and width is how wide the trees should be to effectively reduce large waves. Based on wave energy attenuation theory and the verification of more than 200 sets of physical model test parameters, the wave reduction efficiency of mangroves along the route was analyzed. It was proposed that there is an effective range of mangrove planting width for wave reduction, with a width of approximately B = 20m. At the same time, a formula for the effective grass strip width to reduce the wave climbing height on the embankment slope (B) was proposed. min / L=0.11cotβ(ln(H / h)+0.48)), determine the most economical grass planting range to avoid the problem of too little or too much waste, where B min The minimum width of the grass strip, L represents the required wave run-up, h represents the design water depth, H represents the incident wave height at the embankment foot, and β represents the slope angle of the embankment.

[0039] It can combine regional design wave elements, quickly and effectively guide the design of coastal vegetation communities and embankment slope grass belts, minimize the energy of extreme offshore waves propagating to the nearshore during storm surges, reduce the threat to the rear cities, and provide support for embankment design and optimization.

[0040] This invention takes "constraint-forcing" and "optimization and improvement" as the main principles, optimizes the configuration of the vegetation community in front of the embankment based on the design method considering the high-efficiency range of storm surge protection and critical wave height of the coastal vegetation community, calculates the required width of the grass planting belt on the embankment through the calculation formula for grass slope protection and wave dissipation, and comprehensively determines the zoning and planting plan of the coastal vegetation community.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a coastal vegetation community zoning and planting optimization design method, including the following steps:

[0043] Select suitable tall and short tree species based on the designed water level and topographic characteristics of the coastal area and the dynamic conditions for vegetation adaptation;

[0044] The width of the coastal vegetation community is determined based on the width of the shoal. The width of the zoning includes the width of the high tree planting area and the width of the low tree planting area. The high tree species include red seaweed and sonneratia; the low tree species include white marina and acanthus;

[0045] According to the planting width of coastal vegetation communities and the wave-breaking formula, the wave height at the embankment foot is calculated, and the width of the grass strip is determined using the wave run-up calculation formula.

[0046] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0047] 1) Determine the height of tree species in coastal vegetation communities.

[0048] Based on the area's design water level and topographical characteristics, as well as the vegetation's adaptive dynamics (e.g., flooding duration), the design water depth (h) is converted to a design depth. For example, if h = 4.0-5.0m, select species such as Hylocereus rubra and Sonneratia salsa. If h = 2.0-3.0m, select species such as Avicennia marina. If h = 1.0m, select species such as Acanthus serrata. Alternatively, select typical species based on regional characteristics, such as northern reed and salt algae.

[0049] 2) Determine the width of coastal vegetation communities.

[0050] a. When the shoal width L1 is ≤ 20m, since the efficient wave-breaking range of tall trees is in the first 20m, if the wave-breaking effect of mangroves is to be maximized, all tall trees should be deployed.

[0051] b. When L1 > 20 m, the efficient wave-dissipating interval of tall trees is in the first 20 m. Therefore, tall trees are planted in the first 20 m; for the planting pattern from 20 to L1, it is necessary to assume that all tall trees are arranged, and the attenuation process of waves in the coastal vegetation community is judged: if the wave height Hend (the wave height at L1) after attenuation is greater than the critical wave height (as shown in the above figure), it indicates that tall trees are more dominant in the attenuation process of waves in the coastal vegetation community. At this time, all tall trees should be arranged; if the waves reach the critical wave height at L in (as shown in the following figure), then tall trees are planted in the area where the wave height is greater than the critical wave height (0 - L in ), and low trees are planted in the area where the wave height is less than the critical wave height (L in - L1).

[0052] In summary, the planting width of tall trees is The planting width of short trees is

[0053] 3) Figure 3 and Figure 4 jointly illustrate how to determine the width of the grass planting belt according to wave conditions and levee characteristics in the optimized design of the construction of the coastal vegetation community zoning, so as to achieve the best wave-dissipating effect and ecological protection. Specifically, according to the planting width of the coastal vegetation community and the wave-dissipating formula, the wave height at the toe of the levee after wave dissipation by the coastal vegetation community can be calculated; further, according to the wave run-up required without increasing the levee crest elevation, using the wave run-up calculation formula, the width L3 of the grass planting belt required without increasing the levee crest elevation is determined. The effective grass planting belt width formula for reducing the wave run-up on the levee slope is (B min / L = 0.11 cotβ(ln(H / h) + 0.48)). If the distance L0 from the levee crest to the design water level is ≥ L3, then the actual planting width of the grass planting belt is at least L3, and the levee does not need to be heightened at this time; if L0 < L3, it means that arranging the grass planting belt throughout the levee body still cannot meet the wave-dissipating requirements, then the actual planting width of the grass belt is L0, and the levee crest elevation needs to be heightened.

[0054] The wave-dissipating formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] In the formula, K zh represents the wave transmission rate, K 低 represents the wave-dissipating rate of low trees, K 高 represents the wave-dissipating rate of tall trees, Y represents the width ratio of tall trees to low trees, H0 represents the wave height, D represents the water depth, T 0m represents the period, W represents the width of the vegetation belt, l m represents the wavelength, N represents the number of plants per unit area, P represents the planting density, S represents the planting area, h represents the vegetation height, and β represents the terrain slope.

[0057] This embodiment further provides a coastal vegetation community zoning and planting system based on the method of claim 1, comprising:

[0058] Tree species selection module, used to select suitable tall and short tree species according to the design water level and terrain characteristics;

[0059] Partition width calculation module, used to determine the width of high tree planting area and low tree planting area;

[0060] The grass strip width calculation module is used to determine the grass strip width based on the wave attenuation process and embankment conditions.

[0061] Furthermore, after the vegetation is planted according to the above embodiment, the vegetation will be monitored and maintained. The maintenance method includes photographing the vegetation with a drone and determining whether the vegetation is damaged based on the photographed images. The specific method is as follows:

[0062] Use drones equipped with high-resolution cameras to regularly photograph vegetation areas and obtain high-definition images of vegetation coverage.

[0063] The images taken by the drone are transmitted to the data processing center, and the images are pre-processed using image processing software, including image enhancement, denoising, contrast adjustment, etc., to improve the accuracy of image analysis.

[0064] The processed images are analyzed using machine learning or deep learning algorithms to automatically identify vegetation types, distinguish between tall and short trees, and identify the health of vegetation.

[0065] By comparing vegetation coverage with historical data in the database, areas of vegetation loss or degradation can be identified. Thresholds can be set so that when vegetation coverage drops below a certain level, the system automatically marks it as lost.

[0066] The system generates a monitoring report based on the detection results, which includes information such as the specific location, type, and extent of vegetation damage, as well as an analysis of the possible causes of the damage.

[0067] Based on the monitoring report, the system provides targeted maintenance recommendations.

[0068] Assign maintenance tasks to the appropriate maintenance team and notify maintenance personnel via mobile apps or text messages, specifying the task content, time, and location.

[0069] The maintenance team performs on-site maintenance work according to the guidance provided by the system, and feedbacks the maintenance results via mobile devices after completion.

[0070] The maintained vegetation conditions will be updated to the database to provide the latest data for subsequent monitoring and analysis.

[0071] Establishing a long-term monitoring mechanism and regularly repeating the above steps will ensure the healthy growth of vegetation and the stability of the coastline. Through this automated and intelligent monitoring and maintenance method, coastal vegetation communities can be effectively protected and managed, improving the ecological stability of the coastline and its disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.

[0072] Furthermore, machine learning or deep learning algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are applied during vegetation recognition to automatically identify and classify vegetation in images. These algorithms can learn features such as the morphology, texture, and color of vegetation, and use this to distinguish different vegetation types, including tall trees and short trees. In addition, by training models to identify the health status of vegetation, it is possible to further determine whether the vegetation is affected by pests and diseases, nutrient deficiencies, or other environmental pressures. To improve recognition accuracy, the system may use multispectral or hyperspectral imaging technologies, which can capture spectral information that is invisible to the human eye, thereby providing richer vegetation health indicators. During the recognition process, the system will also take into account factors such as seasonal changes, lighting conditions, and vegetation growth cycles to adapt to vegetation recognition needs under different environmental conditions.

[0073] Furthermore, damage detection uses advanced image analysis algorithms, such as change detection, to compare current images with historical images to identify changes in vegetation cover. These changes may include vegetation loss, death, or erosion, which are direct indicators of vegetation damage.

[0074] To improve the accuracy of damage detection, the system may integrate multi-temporal data analysis, monitoring dynamic changes in vegetation cover by analyzing image sequences at different time points. Furthermore, the system may employ machine learning models, such as support vector machines (SVMs) or random forests, to classify and predict damaged areas. These models can automatically identify the type and extent of damage based on the spectral characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of vegetation, thereby providing guidance for maintenance work.

[0075] During damage detection, the system also considers environmental factors, such as the impact of natural disasters like storms, floods, and droughts on vegetation. By building an environmental impact model, the system assesses the contribution of these factors to vegetation damage and predicts the likelihood of vegetation recovery. Ultimately, the system generates a detailed damage report, including the precise location, area, type, and cause of damage. This report provides a scientific basis for vegetation maintenance and restoration efforts, ensuring the health and stability of coastal vegetation communities and enhancing the ecological stability and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of the coastline.

[0076] This embodiment further provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method.

[0077] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A coastal vegetation community zoning and planting optimization design method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Based on the designed water level and topographical characteristics of the coastal area, and in combination with the suitable conditions for coastal vegetation, select suitable tall and short tree species; Determine the zone width of the coastal vegetation community according to the width of the shoal, wherein the zone width includes the width of the suitable high tree planting area and the low tree planting area; According to the planting width of coastal vegetation communities and the wave-breaking formula, the wave height at the embankment foot is calculated, and the width of the grass strip is determined using the wave run-up calculation formula.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The suitable tall tree species include Hylocereus rubra and Sonneratia salsa; the suitable low tree species include Avicennia marina and Acanthus truncatula.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Based on the wave energy attenuation theory, the efficient range of wave dissipation by tall trees is 20 meters. When the width of the shoal is less than or equal to 20 meters, all tall trees are deployed. When the width of the shoal is greater than 20 meters, tall trees are planted in the first 20 meters, and the remaining area is divided into tall and short trees based on the wave attenuation process and terrain characteristics.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The selection of tree species in the suitable high tree planting area and low tree planting area is determined according to the designed water depth, wherein: When the designed water depth is 4.0-5.0 meters, choose Red Sea Orchid and Sonneratia as the tree species; When the designed water depth is 2.0-3.0 meters, choose Avicennia marina as the tree species; When the designed water depth is 1.0 meter, Acanthus fragrans is selected as the tree species.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The calculation expression of grass strip width is: B min / L=0.11cotβ(ln(H / h)+0.48); Where B min The minimum width of the grass strip, L represents the required wave run-up, h represents the design water depth, H represents the incident wave height at the embankment foot, and β represents the slope angle of the embankment.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further includes determining whether it is necessary to raise the embankment top elevation according to the width of the grass planting belt: When the distance from the top of the embankment to the design water level is greater than or equal to the width of the grass strip, the embankment does not need to be raised; when the distance from the top of the embankment to the design water level is less than the width of the grass strip, even if the entire embankment body is covered with grass strips, it will not be able to dissipate waves, and the elevation of the top of the embankment needs to be raised.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The expression of the wave elimination formula is: Where K zh represents the wave transmittance, K 低 Indicates the low tree wave elimination rate, K 高 represents the wave-breaking rate of high trees, Y represents the width ratio of high trees to low trees, H0 represents wave height, D represents water depth, and T 0m represents the period, W represents the width of the vegetation belt, l m represents wavelength, N represents the number of plants per unit area, P represents planting density, S represents planting area, h represents vegetation height, and β represents terrain slope.

8. A coastal vegetation community zoning and planting system based on the method of claim 1, characterized in that: include: Tree species selection module, used to select suitable tall and short tree species according to the design water level and terrain characteristics; Partition width calculation module, used to determine the width of high tree planting area and low tree planting area; The grass strip width calculation module is used to determine the grass strip width based on the wave attenuation process and embankment conditions.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein: The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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