Three-dimensional magnetic optical trap apparatus for adjustable cold atom ejection velocity

Abstract

The application discloses a three-dimensional magnetic optical trap device capable of adjusting cold atom projection speed, comprising a vacuum cavity, wherein an alkali metal source, a first reflector, a second reflector and a third reflector are arranged in the vacuum cavity; a first transmission window piece, a second transmission window piece and a third transmission window piece are arranged on the vacuum cavity; and a cold atom projection adjusting method is disclosed. The six lasers required by the traditional magnetic optical trap are reduced to three lasers through the reflectors integrated in the vacuum cavity, the volume and weight of the system are greatly reduced, the space structure is simplified, the stability of the device is improved, the device can be applied to the fields of atomic sensing technology and atomic clock and the like, and the integration degree of the instrument is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to laser cooling of atoms, and more particularly to a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection speed of cold atoms. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of laser-cooled atomic technology, devices such as cold atom interferometers and cold atomic clocks have gradually moved from the initial theoretical verification stage to the engineering application stage, and have begun to be used on portable and mobile scientific research and engineering platforms such as aviation, aerospace, and navigation. To meet the needs of real-world environments, the relevant instruments and equipment need to be miniaturized, lightweight, and integrated, and must also possess high stability and reliability.

[0003] Traditional magneto-optical trap (MOT) structures typically employ a six-beam optical path, collimated and expanded before entering a vacuum chamber. Due to environmental influences, these six laser beams can cause imbalances, which in turn affect the number and temperature of the cold atoms. Therefore, to ensure the measurement stability and accuracy of cold atom instruments, the entire optical path system needs to be significantly simplified. For example, B. Stray et al. used a funnel-shaped reflector to invent an integrated three-dimensional MOT cooling device (Compactdifferential gravimeter at the quantum projection-noise limit, Physical Review A, Vol. 105, 022801, 2022). Building on this, C. Janvier et al. added a reflector to the bottom of the device, achieving three-dimensional MOT functionality with a single beam (Quantum sensing for gravitycartography, Nature, Vol. 602, 2022). However, the motion of the cold atom clusters in these devices is limited to a vertical one-dimensional direction. For applications requiring horizontal or oblique projection of the cold atom clusters, this three-dimensional MOT requires further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to address the practical needs of existing three-dimensional magneto-optical traps by providing a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device with adjustable cold atom ejection velocity. In this invention, the vacuum chamber and reflector are integrated, with the reflector located within the vacuum chamber. This greatly simplifies the structure of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap, reduces the device's volume and weight, and improves its stability. The cooling laser input is a three-beam system, two of which are reflected twice by the reflector to form a folded optical path. The detuning of the two cooling laser beams in the folded optical path can provide an arbitrary initial ejection velocity for the cold atom cluster. This device can be applied to fields such as atomic sensing technology and atomic clocks, improving the level of instrument integration.

[0005] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means:

[0006] A three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection speed of cold atoms comprises a vacuum chamber, wherein an alkali metal source, a first reflector, a second reflector, and a third reflector are arranged in the vacuum chamber, and a first transmission window, a second transmission window, and a third transmission window are arranged on the vacuum chamber.

[0007] After the first cooling laser passes through the first transmission window and enters the vacuum cavity, it is reflected by the first reflector to form a first reflected laser. The first reflected laser enters the second reflector and is reflected by the second reflector to form a second reflected cooling laser.

[0008] After the second cooling laser passes through the second transmission window and enters the vacuum cavity, it is reflected by the second reflector to form a second reflected laser. The second reflected laser enters the first reflector and is reflected by the first reflector to form a first reflected cooling laser.

[0009] After the third cooling laser passes through the third transmission window and enters the vacuum cavity, it is reflected by the third reflection mirror to form a third reflected cooling laser.

[0010] As mentioned above, the third reflector is coated with a quarter wave plate film.

[0011] As described above, the vacuum cavity is a cylinder with a regular octagonal cross-section. The eight sides of the vacuum cavity are the first side, the second side, the third side, the fourth side, the fifth side, the sixth side, the seventh side and the eighth side, respectively. The top and bottom surfaces are the first front side and the second front side, respectively. The first cooling laser is collimated and expanded by the first collimator and is perpendicular to the second side. The second cooling laser is collimated and expanded by the second collimator and is perpendicular to the fourth side. The third cooling laser is collimated and expanded by the third collimator and is perpendicular to the first front.

[0012] As mentioned above, the angle between the reflecting surface of the first reflector and the sixth side surface is 22.5°, the angle between the reflecting surface of the second reflector and the eighth side surface is 22.5°, the angle between the first reflector and the second reflector is 45°, and the reflecting surface of the third reflector is parallel to the second front surface.

[0013] As mentioned above, the first collimator, the second collimator and the third collimator are all provided with a quarter wave plate.

[0014] The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection speed of cold atoms also includes a main laser light source. The main laser light source passes through a first half-wave plate and is then divided into a first reflected light and a first transmitted light by a first beam splitter prism. The first reflected light sequentially transmits through a first quarter-wave plate, a first anti-magnetic optical matrix (AOM), and a first convex lens before entering a fourth reflector. After being reflected by the fourth reflector, the light is sequentially transmitted through the first convex lens, the first AOM, the first quarter-wave plate, the first beam splitter prism, the fourth half-wave plate, and the fourth quarter-wave plate to serve as a first cooling laser.

[0015] The first transmitted light passes through the second 1 / 2 wave plate and is divided into the second reflected light and the second transmitted light by the second beam splitter prism. The second reflected light sequentially passes through the second 1 / 4 wave plate, the second AOM and the second convex lens and then enters the fifth reflector. After being reflected by the fifth reflector, it sequentially passes through the second convex lens, the second AOM, the second 1 / 4 wave plate, the second beam splitter prism, the fifth 1 / 2 wave plate and the fifth 1 / 4 wave plate as the second cooling laser.

[0016] The second transmitted light passes through the third 1 / 2 wave plate and is reflected by the third beam splitter prism to form the third reflected light. The third reflected light is transmitted through the third 1 / 4 wave plate, the third AOM, the third convex lens and the sixth reflector in sequence. After being reflected by the sixth reflector, it is transmitted through the third convex lens, the third AOM, the third 1 / 4 wave plate, the third beam splitter prism, the sixth 1 / 2 wave plate and the sixth 1 / 4 wave plate in sequence to serve as the third cooling laser.

[0017] By adjusting the first 1 / 4 wave plate, the first cooling laser light intensity is made the strongest; by adjusting the second 1 / 4 wave plate, the second cooling laser light intensity is made the strongest; by adjusting the third 1 / 4 wave plate, the third cooling laser light intensity is made the strongest.

[0018] By adjusting the first 1 / 2 wave plate, the second 1 / 2 wave plate and the third 1 / 2 wave plate, the light intensity ratio of the first cooling laser, the second cooling laser and the third cooling laser is 1:1:1.

[0019] As mentioned above, the first anti-Helmholtz coil and the second anti-Helmholtz coil are arranged in the groove reserved on the outer wall of the vacuum chamber.

[0020] A cold atom ejection adjustment method controls the detuning between a first cooling laser and a second cooling laser by adjusting a first AOM and a second AOM, thereby controlling the ejection speed of a cold atom cluster.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. This invention designs a new vacuum cavity based on an icosahedron. A pair of anti-Helmholtz coils are installed in a reserved groove in the vacuum cavity. The magnetic field they generate is closer to the center of the cold atoms, which can reduce the power consumption of the device, improve the heat dissipation effect of the device, reduce the number of device components, and thus reduce the size and weight of the device, simplifying the configuration of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device.

[0023] 2. The present invention proposes an integrated three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device, in which the reflector and the vacuum cavity form an integral whole and are located inside the vacuum cavity. When the cooling laser is vertically incident on the transmission window, the optical path can automatically conform to the designed folded optical path. This feature reduces the optical path adjustment work and ensures the stability and overlap of the optical path.

[0024] 3. The folded optical path designed in the present invention can achieve three-dimensional laser cooling of atoms through three laser beams. The cooling light is reflected twice to construct a folded optical path. By controlling the detuning of the cooling light in the folded optical path, the speed of the cold atomic cluster can be controlled. This method is suitable for atomic interferometer equipment.

[0025] 4. The reflector device designed in this invention allows laser light to propagate and reflect within a vacuum chamber. Compared to traditional methods, this reduces power loss caused by window propagation and enhances device stability. This device can be applied to high-precision atomic inertial sensing technology and atomic clocks, helping to improve the level of sensor integration.

[0026] 5. The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device designed by the present invention can be arbitrarily fixed in direction according to actual working requirements. Compared with other three-dimensional magneto-optical trap devices, its application range is broadened and more extensive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the vacuum chamber of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the laser-cooled atomic three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the optical splitting system of the present invention.

[0030] Description of reference numerals:

[0031] 100: vacuum chamber, 101: first transmission window, 102: second transmission window, 103: third transmission window, 104: first reflector, 105: second reflector, 106: third reflector, 107: first collimator, 108: second collimator, 109: third collimator, 100a: first side surface, 100b: second side surface, 100c: third side surface, 100d: fourth side surface, 100e: fifth side surface, 100f: sixth side surface, 100g: seventh side surface, 100h: eighth side surface, 100i: first front surface, 100j: second front surface;

[0032] 200: first anti-Helmholtz coil, 201: second anti-Helmholtz coil, 203: first cooling laser, 204: first reflected laser, 205: second reflected cooling laser, 206: second cooling laser, 207: second reflected laser, 208: first reflected cooling laser, 209: third cooling laser, 210: third reflected cooling laser;

[0033] 300: First beam splitter prism, 301: Second beam splitter prism, 302: Third beam splitter prism, 303: First AOM, 304: Second AOM, 305: Third AOM, 306: Fourth reflector, 307: Fifth reflector, 308: Sixth reflector, 309: First convex lens, 310: Second convex lens, 311: Third convex lens, 312: First 1 / 2 wave plate, 313: Second 1 / 2 wave plate, 314: Third 1 / 2 wave plate, 315: Fourth 1 / 2 wave plate, 316: fifth 1 / 2 wave plate, 317: sixth 1 / 2 wave plate, 318: first 1 / 4 wave plate, 319: second 1 / 4 wave plate, 320: third 1 / 4 wave plate, 321: fourth 1 / 4 wave plate, 322: fifth 1 / 4 wave plate, 323: sixth 1 / 4 wave plate, 324: main laser light source, 325: first reflected light, 326: first transmitted light, 327: second reflected light, 328: second transmitted light, 329: third reflected light. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to facilitate ordinary technicians in this field to understand and implement the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with implementation examples. It should be understood that the implementation examples described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0035] Example 1:

[0036] A three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection speed of cold atoms comprises a vacuum cavity and a magnetic field system.

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, the vacuum chamber 100 is a cylinder with a regular octagonal cross-section. The eight side surfaces of the vacuum chamber 100 are, in order, a first side surface 100a, a second side surface 100b, a third side surface 100c, a fourth side surface 100d, a fifth side surface 100e, a sixth side surface 100f, a seventh side surface 100g, and an eighth side surface 100h. The top surface and the bottom surface are, respectively, a first front surface 100i and a second front surface 100j. The first reflector 104, the second reflector 105, and the third reflector 106 are all sealed within the vacuum chamber 100. The first cooling laser 203 is collimated and expanded by the first collimator 107 and is perpendicular to the second side surface 100b. The second cooling laser 206 is collimated and expanded by the second collimator 108 and is perpendicular to the fourth side surface 100d. The third cooling laser 209 is collimated and expanded by the third collimator 109 and is perpendicular to the first front surface 100i. The vacuum chamber 100 has multiple windows, which improves the detection capability of the magneto-optical trap, supports the design of complex optical paths, and enhances the scalability of the experiment.

[0038] A first transmissive window 101 is provided on the second side surface 100b, a second transmissive window 102 is provided on the fourth side surface 100d, a third transmissive window 103 is provided on the first front surface 100i, a first reflector 104 is provided on the inner wall of the sixth side surface 100f, a second reflector 105 is provided on the inner wall of the eighth side surface 100h, and a third reflector 106 is provided on the inner wall of the second front surface 100j. The vacuum chamber 100 is sealed using vacuum technology, maintaining a vacuum environment. An alkali metal source (cesium source, rubidium source, etc.) is stored within the vacuum chamber 100. In a vacuum environment, the cooling laser is not affected by changes in the refractive index of air, reducing scattering and absorption of the cooling laser, ensuring the stability of the cooling laser power within the device, and improving the stability and cooling effect of the atomic cloud in the magneto-optical trap.

[0039] The reflective surface of the first reflector 104 forms an angle of 22.5° with the sixth side surface 100f. The reflective surface of the second reflector 105 forms an angle of 22.5° with the eighth side surface 100h. The angle between the first reflector 104 and the second reflector 105 is 45°. The reflective surface of the third reflector 106 is parallel to the second front surface 100j. After the reflectors are installed in the vacuum chamber as described above, the first cooling laser 203 is simply aligned perpendicular to the first transmission window 101. After the second cooling laser 206 passes through the second transmission window 102, the folded optical path can be self-aligned. Due to the self-alignment characteristics of the designed optical path, errors in the optical path alignment process are greatly reduced.

[0040] like Figure 2The magnetic field system includes a first anti-Helmholtz coil 200 and a second anti-Helmholtz coil 201. The first anti-Helmholtz coil 200 is mounted in a recessed groove on the outer wall of the first front surface 100i, while the second anti-Helmholtz coil 201 is mounted in a recessed groove on the outer wall of the second front surface 100j. The recessed grooves bring the coils closer to the center of the MOT, increasing the magnetic field gradient and reducing magnetic field inhomogeneity. This, in turn, improves the symmetry of the MOT capture zone, reduces power consumption, minimizes coil heating, and mitigates the thermal effects of the device.

[0041] After the first cooling laser 203 passes through the first transmission window 101 and enters the vacuum chamber 100, it is reflected by the first reflector 104 to form the first reflected laser 204. The first reflected laser 204 enters the second reflector 105 and is reflected by the second reflector 105 to form the second reflected cooling laser 205. The second reflected cooling laser 205 is perpendicular to the first cooling laser 203.

[0042] After the second cooling laser 206 passes through the second transmission window 102 and enters the vacuum chamber 100, it is reflected by the second reflector 105 to form the second reflected laser 207. The second reflected laser 207 enters the first reflector 104 and is reflected by the first reflector 104 to form the first reflected cooling laser 208. The first reflected cooling laser 208 is perpendicular to the second cooling laser 206.

[0043] After passing through the third transmission window 103 and entering the vacuum chamber 100, the third cooling laser 209 is reflected by the third reflector 106 to form the third reflected cooling laser 210. The third reflector 106 is coated with a film that functions as a quarter-wave plate. This optical component design integrates reflection and polarization control functions into a single optical element, simplifying the design of the optical system and improving system stability and performance. The first, second, and third collimators 107, 108, and 109 are each equipped with a quarter-wave plate. By adjusting the quarter-wave plates within the first, second, and third collimators 107, 108, and 109, respectively, and matching the appropriate magnetic field, the first, second, and third cooling lasers 203, 206, and 209 can satisfy the operating principle of a magneto-optical trap.

[0044] Using moving optical adhesive technology, cold atom clusters can be ejected. By controlling the detuning between the first reflective cooling laser 208 and the second reflective cooling laser 205, the velocity of the alkali metal cold atom clusters can be controlled. The device can be oriented arbitrarily to meet practical needs, resulting in different atomic fountain configurations and different ejection directions for the cold atom clusters, expanding the device's applicability.

[0045] like Figure 3The main laser light source 324 is divided into the first cooling laser 203, the second cooling laser 206 and the third cooling laser 209 through the spectroscopic system. The main laser light source 324 passes through the first 1 / 2 wave plate 312 and is then divided into the first reflected light 325 and the first transmitted light 326 by the first beam splitter prism 300. The first reflected light 325 is transmitted through the first 1 / 4 wave plate 318, the first AOM 303 and the first convex lens 309 in sequence and then enters the fourth reflector 306. After being reflected by the fourth reflector 306, it is transmitted through the first convex lens 309, the first AOM 303, the first 1 / 4 wave plate 318, the first beam splitter prism 300, the fourth 1 / 2 wave plate 315 and the fourth 1 / 4 wave plate 321 in sequence as the first cooling laser 203.

[0046] The first transmitted light 326 passes through the second 1 / 2 wave plate 313 and is divided into a second reflected light 327 and a second transmitted light 328 by the second beam splitter prism 301. The second reflected light 327 is transmitted through the second 1 / 4 wave plate 319, the second AOM 304 and the second convex lens 310 in sequence and then enters the fifth reflector 307. After being reflected by the fifth reflector 307, the second reflected light is transmitted through the second convex lens 310, the second AOM 304, the second 1 / 4 wave plate 319, the second beam splitter prism 301, the fifth 1 / 2 wave plate 316 and the fifth 1 / 4 wave plate 322 in sequence to serve as the second cooling laser 206.

[0047] After passing through the third half-wave plate 314, the second transmitted light 328 is reflected by the third beam splitter prism 302 to form the third reflected light 329. The third reflected light 329 then sequentially passes through the third quarter-wave plate 320, the third AOM 305, the third convex lens 311, and the sixth reflector 308. After being reflected by the sixth reflector 308, the third reflected light 329 sequentially passes through the third convex lens 311, the third AOM 305, the third quarter-wave plate 320, the third beam splitter prism 302, the sixth half-wave plate 317, and the sixth quarter-wave plate 323 to serve as the third cooling laser 209. The AOM is used in the beam splitting system to control the frequency of the laser. The AOM can achieve precise modulation of the cooling laser frequency through the acousto-optic effect. Furthermore, the AOM's response time is typically in the microsecond range, making it suitable for applications requiring rapid laser modulation.

[0048] By adjusting the first 1 / 4 wave plate 318 , the intensity of the first cooling laser 203 is made the strongest.

[0049] By adjusting the second quarter wave plate 319 , the light intensity of the second cooling laser 206 is made the strongest.

[0050] By adjusting the third quarter wave plate 320 , the intensity of the third cooling laser 209 is made the strongest.

[0051] The first 1 / 4 wave plate 318, the second 1 / 4 wave plate 319, the third 1 / 4 wave plate 320 and the 1 / 4 wave plates in the first collimating mirror 107, the second collimating mirror 108 and the third collimating mirror 109 are different optical elements.

[0052] By adjusting the first 1 / 2 wave plate 312, the second 1 / 2 wave plate 313 and the third 1 / 2 wave plate 314, the intensity ratio of the first cooling laser 203, the second cooling laser 206 and the third cooling laser 209 can be 1:1:1.

[0053] By adjusting the first AOM 303 and the second AOM 304, the detuning between the first cooling laser 203 and the second cooling laser 206 is controlled, so that the ejection speed of the cold atom group is controlled.

[0054] The light splitting system and the three-dimensional magnetic optical trap device are connected by optical fibers. By adjusting the fourth 1 / 2 wave plate 315 and the fourth 1 / 4 wave plate 321, the power of the first cooling laser 203 is stabilized. By adjusting the fifth 1 / 2 wave plate 316 and the fifth 1 / 4 wave plate 322, the power of the second cooling laser 206 is stabilized. By adjusting the sixth 1 / 2 wave plate 317 and the sixth 1 / 4 wave plate 323, the power of the third cooling laser 209 is stabilized. The light splitting system and the three-dimensional magnetic optical trap device are connected by optical fibers. The cooling laser propagates in the optical fiber, and the polarization of the light needs to be adjusted by the 1 / 2 wave plate and the 1 / 4 wave plate to become linearly polarized, so that the power of the light does not change.

[0055] Embodiment 2:

[0056] A cold atom ejection adjusting method, using the adjustable cold atom ejection speed three-dimensional magnetic optical trap device of embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0057] By adjusting the first 1 / 4 wave plate 318, the intensity of the first cooling laser 203 is the strongest.

[0058] By adjusting the second 1 / 4 wave plate 319, the intensity of the second cooling laser 206 is the strongest.

[0059] By adjusting the third 1 / 4 wave plate 320, the intensity of the third cooling laser 209 is the strongest.

[0060] By adjusting the first 1 / 2 wave plate 312, the second 1 / 2 wave plate 313 and the third 1 / 2 wave plate 314, the intensity ratio of the first cooling laser 203, the second cooling laser 206 and the third cooling laser 209 can be 1:1:1.

[0061] By adjusting the fourth 1 / 2 wave plate 315 and the fourth 1 / 4 wave plate 321, the power of the first cooling laser 203 is stabilized, by adjusting the fifth 1 / 2 wave plate 316 and the fifth 1 / 4 wave plate 322, the power of the second cooling laser 206 is stabilized, and by adjusting the sixth 1 / 2 wave plate 317 and the sixth 1 / 4 wave plate 323, the power of the third cooling laser 209 is stabilized.

[0062] By adjusting the first AOM 303 and the second AOM 304 , the detuning between the first cooling laser 203 and the second cooling laser 206 is controlled, so that the ejection speed of the cold atomic clusters is controlled.

[0063] It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various modifications, additions, or substitutions to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection speed of cold atoms, comprising a vacuum cavity (100), characterized in that: An alkali metal source, a first reflector (104), a second reflector (105), and a third reflector (106) are provided in the vacuum cavity (100); a first transmission window (101), a second transmission window (102), and a third transmission window (103) are provided on the vacuum cavity (100); After the first cooling laser (203) passes through the first transmission window (101) and enters the vacuum cavity (100), it is reflected by the first reflection mirror (104) to form a first reflected laser (204). The first reflected laser (204) enters the second reflection mirror (105) and is reflected by the second reflection mirror (105) to form a second reflected cooling laser (205). After the second cooling laser (206) passes through the second transmission window (102) and enters the vacuum cavity (100), it is reflected by the second reflector (105) to form a second reflected laser (207). The second reflected laser (207) enters the first reflector (104) and is reflected by the first reflector (104) to form a first reflected cooling laser (208). After the third cooling laser (209) passes through the third transmission window (103) and enters the vacuum cavity (100), it is reflected by the third reflection mirror (106) to form a third reflected cooling laser (210).

2. The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection velocity of cold atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third reflecting mirror (106) is coated with a quarter wave plate film.

3. The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection velocity of cold atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum cavity (100) is a cylinder with a regular octagonal cross section. The eight side surfaces of the vacuum cavity (100) are the first side surface (100a), the second side surface (100b), the third side surface (100c), the fourth side surface (100d), the fifth side surface (100e), the sixth side surface (100f), the seventh side surface (100g) and the eighth side surface (100h) in sequence. The top surface and the bottom surface are the first front surface (100i) and the second front surface (100j) respectively. The first cooling laser (203) is collimated and expanded by the first collimator (107) and is perpendicular to the second side surface (100b). The second cooling laser (206) is collimated and expanded by the second collimator (108) and is perpendicular to the fourth side surface (100d). The third cooling laser (209) is collimated and expanded by the third collimator (109) and is perpendicular to the first front surface (100i).

4. The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection velocity of cold atoms according to claim 3, characterized in that: The angle between the reflection surface of the first reflection mirror (104) and the sixth side surface (100f) is 22.5°, the angle between the reflection surface of the second reflection mirror (105) and the eighth side surface (100h) is 22.5°, the angle between the first reflection mirror (104) and the second reflection mirror (105) is 45°, and the reflection surface of the third reflection mirror (106) is parallel to the second front surface (100j).

5. The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection velocity of cold atoms according to claim 3, characterized in that: A quarter wave plate is provided in each of the first collimating mirror (107), the second collimating mirror (108) and the third collimating mirror (109).

6. The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection velocity of cold atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a main laser light source (324), which passes through the first 1 / 2 wave plate (312) and is then divided into a first reflected light (325) and a first transmitted light (326) by the first beam splitter prism (300), the first reflected light (325) sequentially transmits through the first 1 / 4 wave plate (318), the first AOM (303) and the first convex lens (309), and then enters the fourth reflector (306), and after being reflected by the fourth reflector (306), it is sequentially transmitted through the first convex lens (309), the first AOM (303), the first 1 / 4 wave plate (318), the first beam splitter prism (300), the fourth 1 / 2 wave plate (315) and the fourth 1 / 4 wave plate (321), serving as the first cooling laser (203); The first transmitted light (326) passes through the second 1 / 2 wave plate (313) and is divided into a second reflected light (327) and a second transmitted light (328) by the second beam splitter prism (301). The second reflected light (327) sequentially passes through the second 1 / 4 wave plate (319), the second AOM (304) and the second convex lens (310) and then enters the fifth reflector (307). After being reflected by the fifth reflector (307), the second reflected light (327) sequentially passes through the second convex lens (310), the second AOM (304), the second 1 / 4 wave plate (319), the second beam splitter prism (301), the fifth 1 / 2 wave plate (316) and the fifth 1 / 4 wave plate (322) to serve as the second cooling laser (206). The second transmitted light (328) passes through the third 1 / 2 wave plate (314) and is reflected by the third beam splitter prism (302) to form a third reflected light (329). The third reflected light (329) sequentially passes through the third 1 / 4 wave plate (320), the third AOM (305), the third convex lens (311) and the sixth reflector (308). After being reflected by the sixth reflector (308), the third reflected light (329) sequentially passes through the third convex lens (311), the third AOM (305), the third 1 / 4 wave plate (320), the third beam splitter prism (302), the sixth 1 / 2 wave plate (317) and the sixth 1 / 4 wave plate (323) to serve as the third cooling laser (209).

7. The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection velocity of cold atoms according to claim 6, characterized in that: By adjusting the first 1 / 4 wave plate (318), the light intensity of the first cooling laser (203) is made the strongest; by adjusting the second 1 / 4 wave plate (319), the light intensity of the second cooling laser (206) is made the strongest; and by adjusting the third 1 / 4 wave plate (320), the light intensity of the third cooling laser (209) is made the strongest.

8. The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection velocity of cold atoms according to claim 6, characterized in that: By adjusting the first 1 / 2 wave plate (312), the second 1 / 2 wave plate (313) and the third 1 / 2 wave plate (314), the light intensity ratio of the first cooling laser (203), the second cooling laser (206) and the third cooling laser (209) is 1:1:

1.

9. The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the ejection velocity of cold atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first anti-Helmholtz coil (200) and a second anti-Helmholtz coil (201) are arranged in a groove reserved on the outer wall of the vacuum cavity (100).

10. A method for regulating cold atom ejection, using the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap device capable of adjusting the cold atom ejection velocity according to claim 6, characterized in that: By adjusting the first AOM (303) and the second AOM (304), the detuning between the first cooling laser (203) and the second cooling laser (206) is controlled, thereby controlling the ejection speed of the cold atomic cluster.

Images