Full-band GNSS shark fin antenna

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, particularly provides a full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, and aims to solve the problem that the receiving uniformity and stability of satellite signals are affected due to distortion of a directional diagram of an existing shark fin antenna. Therefore, the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna comprises a bottom plate, a shell, a circuit board, a radiation antenna, an annular director and an FAKRA connector, the shell is connected with the bottom plate, a containing cavity is formed between the shell and the bottom plate, the circuit board, the radiation antenna and the annular director are all located in the containing cavity, the circuit board is installed on the bottom plate, the radiation antenna is installed on the circuit board, and the FAKRA connector is connected with the shell. The annular director is located on the side, away from the circuit board, of the radiating antenna, the center line of the annular director coincides with the center line of the radiating antenna, and a first gap is formed between the annular director and the radiating antenna. According to the GNSS shark fin antenna, the directional diagram can be optimized, and the problem that the directional diagram is distorted when the antenna is installed on an automobile large-size metal plate is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of antenna technology, and specifically provides a full-band GNSS shark fin antenna. Background Art

[0002] The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), also known as the Global Navigation Satellite System, is an airborne radio navigation and positioning system that provides users with all-weather three-dimensional coordinates, velocity, and time information anywhere on Earth's surface or in near-Earth space. GNSS is primarily used as a receiving antenna in navigation and positioning systems.

[0003] The grounding of existing automotive GNSS shark fin antennas usually relies on the vehicle's sheet metal, and their radiation patterns may be distorted in certain frequency bands, affecting the uniformity and stability of satellite signal reception.

[0004] Accordingly, this field requires a new technical solution to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application aims to solve the above technical problem, that is, to solve the problem that the directional pattern of the existing shark fin antenna is distorted, which affects the uniformity and stability of satellite signal reception.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, which includes: a base plate, a shell, which is connected to the base plate and forms a receiving cavity with the base plate; a circuit board, which is arranged in the receiving cavity, the circuit board is mounted on the base plate and electrically connected to the base plate; a radiating antenna, which is arranged in the receiving cavity, the radiating antenna is mounted on the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board; a ring director, which is arranged in the receiving cavity, the ring director is located on the side of the radiating antenna away from the circuit board, the center line of the ring director coincides with the center line of the radiating antenna and there is a first gap between the ring director and the radiating antenna, and the ring director is configured to optimize the radiation pattern; a FAKRA connector, one end of which is electrically connected to the circuit board, and the other end passes through the base plate for connection to the vehicle's electronic equipment.

[0007] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, the length of the first gap is 0.01λ to 0.3λ.

[0008] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, the annular director includes a guiding ring plate and a plurality of guiding enclosures integrally connected to the guiding ring plate, the guiding enclosure is arranged perpendicular to the guiding ring plate and the guiding enclosure is arranged away from one end of the guiding ring plate toward the radiating antenna, the plurality of guiding enclosures are evenly distributed circumferentially, and there is a gap between two adjacent guiding enclosures.

[0009] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, the guide ring plate is a square ring plate or a circular ring plate; and / or the thickness of the guide enclosure and the guide ring plate is 0.001λ~0.05λ; and / or the material of the annular director is metal.

[0010] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, the guiding ring plate is a circular ring plate, the outer ring diameter of the circular ring plate is 0.1λ~1.0λ, and the ring width of the circular ring plate is 0.001λ~0.1λ; or, the guiding ring plate is a square ring plate, the outer ring width of the square ring plate is 0.1λ~1.0λ, and the ring width of the square ring plate is 0.001λ~0.1λ.

[0011] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna also includes a parasitic director located in the accommodating cavity, the parasitic director includes a bracket and a guiding element located on the top surface of the bracket, the bracket is mounted on the circuit board or the base plate, and is covered on the outside of the radiating antenna, the guiding element can widen the bandwidth of the radiating antenna, and a second gap is provided between the end face of the guiding enclosure facing the radiating antenna and the guiding element.

[0012] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, the length of the second gap is 0.001λ~0.3λ; and / or, the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna also includes a support member, the bottom surface of the support member is bonded to the top surface of the parasitic director, the support member is located in the annular director, the top surface of the support member is abutted against the top guide ring plate layer, the support member and the annular director are cooperated by a first limiting member to limit the movement of the two in the horizontal direction, and the support member and the annular director are cooperated by a second limiting member to limit the upward movement of the annular director relative to the support member.

[0013] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, the first limiting member includes a limiting column and a first limiting hole cooperating with the limiting column, the limiting column is arranged on the support member, and the first limiting hole is arranged on the guide ring plate; and / or, the second limiting member includes a limiting block and a second limiting hole cooperating with the limiting block, the limiting block is arranged on the side wall of the support member, and the second limiting hole is arranged on the guide enclosure, and when installed, the limiting block is located in the second limiting hole, and the bottom wall of the limiting block is abutted against the hole wall of the second limiting hole.

[0014] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, the radiating antenna includes a first ceramic block and a second ceramic block stacked up and down and coaxially arranged, a first radiating patch being provided on the top surface of the first ceramic block, and a second radiating patch being provided on the top surface of the second ceramic block; and / or, the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna also includes a camera and a camera shielding cover arranged in the housing, the camera being mounted on the bottom plate, the camera shielding cover being arranged outside the camera, the camera shielding cover being provided with a first avoidance hole, the housing being provided with a second avoidance hole, the lens of the camera being located outside the housing through the first avoidance hole and the second avoidance hole; and / or, the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna also includes a second shielding cover, the second shielding cover being provided between the circuit board and the bottom plate; and / or, a waterproof plate is provided on the inner wall of the housing, the waterproof plate is sealed to the bottom plate by a sealing ring to form a waterproof space, the circuit board, the radiating antenna and the annular director are all located in the waterproof space; and / or, a reinforcing plate is provided on the inner wall of the housing.

[0015] In the preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, the material of the camera shielding cover is metal; and / or the material of the second shielding cover is metal.

[0016] When adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of the present application can optimize the radiation pattern, improve the axial ratio and front-to-back ratio by setting a ring director above the radiating antenna, solve the problem of radiation pattern distortion caused by installation on large-size sheet metal of the car, improve the satellite signal reception performance, and effectively solve the problem that the radiation pattern of the existing shark fin antenna is concave when installed on the roof sheet metal, thereby affecting the uniformity and stability of satellite signal reception.

[0017] Furthermore, the annular director includes a guide ring plate and a guide enclosure, and there is a gap between the two connected guide enclosures. This arrangement can be formed in one step by bending, avoiding multiple welding, reducing processing steps, and improving production efficiency; in addition, under the action of high-frequency electromagnetic waves, an eddy current effect will be formed on the metal surface. In the gap area after bending, the surface current will be concentrated along the metal edge. The opening of the gap guides the surface current path and excites a new resonant mode, so that the high-frequency current forms a stronger concentration effect near the gap, thereby improving the electromagnetic radiation efficiency of the antenna in a specific direction. At the same time, the surface current will not be completely cut off, but can form a propagation path in the direction of rotation along the edge of the gap to the top of the guide ring plate, thereby promoting the enhancement of circularly polarized signals; and since the surface current is strengthened at the gap, the field strength in the high elevation angle direction increases. By guiding the flow of the surface current through the gap, the current density in the sidelobe area can be reduced, the radiation pattern can be more concentrated, and the interference caused by the assembly environment can be reduced.

[0018] Furthermore, the length of the first gap is set to 0.01λ to 0.3λ, so as to minimize the volume of the shark fin antenna while ensuring good performance improvement.

[0019] Furthermore, setting the guide ring plate as a square ring plate or a circular ring plate can effectively improve the directivity pattern and axle ratio performance, and solve the problem of the directivity pattern being concave due to the grounding of the vehicle floor.

[0020] Furthermore, by setting a parasitic director above the radiating antenna, the antenna bandwidth can be expanded to ensure full coverage of L1, L2, L5 and L bands.

[0021] Furthermore, a support is provided to install the annular director so that the annular director maintains a stable position relative to the parasitic director and the radiating antenna, thereby ensuring that the performance of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna remains stable.

[0022] Furthermore, a camera shielding cover is provided on the outer side of the camera and above the camera to shield the interference signal of the camera, isolate the camera from the same-frequency electromagnetic interference of the radiation antenna, and improve the receiving sensitivity of the radiation antenna.

[0023] Furthermore, a second shielding cover is provided between the circuit board and the base plate, which can reduce external electromagnetic interference and ensure the normal operation of the circuit board amplifier circuit.

[0024] Furthermore, a reinforcement plate is provided on the inner wall of the shell, which can improve the structural strength of the shell and prevent the shell from sinking. In addition, the reinforcement plate cooperates with the space setting in the accommodating cavity to provide support for the shell, so that the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna maintains smooth lines, maintaining the appearance of beauty while improving the antenna performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a top view of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Cross-sectional view in the AA direction;

[0030] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of the structure in the middle;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the annular director and the support member of the present application after assembly;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the annular director of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the support member of the present application;

[0034] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the parasitic director of the present application;

[0035] Figure 10 1 is the gain pattern of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present application in a car roof environment.

[0036] List of reference numerals:

[0037] 1. Bottom plate;

[0038] 2. Casing; 21. Second avoidance hole; 22. Waterproof board; 23. Reinforcement board;

[0039] 3. Circuit board;

[0040] 4. Radiating antenna;

[0041] 5. Annular director; 51. Direction ring plate; 52. Direction enclosure plate; 53. Gap;

[0042] 6. FAKRA connector;

[0043] 7. Parasitic director; 71. Bracket; 72. Director element; 721. First director patch; 722. Second director patch;

[0044] 8. Support parts;

[0045] 9. First limiting member; 91. Limiting column; 92. First limiting hole;

[0046] 10. Second limiting member; 101. Limiting block; 1011. Guide slope; 102. Second limiting hole;

[0047] 11. Camera; 12. Camera shielding cover; 121. First avoidance hole; 13. Second shielding cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0049] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "top," and "bottom" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These are merely for ease of description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element described must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0050] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "installed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through other components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0051] As pointed out in the background art, the existing shark fin antenna has a distorted directivity pattern, which affects the uniformity and stability of satellite signal reception.

[0052] The present application provides a full-band GNSS shark fin antenna. By arranging a ring director above the radiating antenna, the radiation pattern can be optimized, the axial ratio and the front-to-back ratio can be improved, and the problem of radiation pattern distortion caused by installation on large-sized sheet metal of a car can be solved. The satellite signal reception performance is improved, and the problem of the existing shark fin antenna having a concave radiation pattern when installed on the roof sheet metal can be effectively solved, which affects the uniformity and stability of satellite signal reception.

[0053] Specifically, see Figures 1 to 4 The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of the present application includes a base plate 1, a shell 2, a circuit board 3, a radiating antenna 4, a ring director 5 and a FAKRA connector 6, wherein the shell 2 is connected to the base plate 1, the shell 2 is located above the base plate 1, and a receiving cavity is formed between the shell 2 and the base plate 1, and the circuit board 3, the radiating antenna 4 and the ring director 5 are all located in the receiving cavity.

[0054] Please continue to see Figures 1 to 4 , the circuit board 3 is mounted on the bottom plate 1 and electrically connected to the bottom plate 1, that is, the circuit board 3 is grounded through the bottom plate 1 (specifically, the bottom plate 1 is a metal plate, and is electrically connected to the vehicle body roof through paint scraping screws, so that the bottom plate 1 is connected to the ground of the vehicle body to achieve a shielding effect against electromagnetic interference, effectively improving the anti-interference ability of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, thereby improving the receiving performance of the antenna); the radiating antenna 4 is mounted on the circuit board 3 and electrically connected to the circuit board 3 for receiving radio waves, and a low-noise amplifier circuit is provided on the circuit board 3. The radiating antenna 4 is electrically connected to the low-noise amplifier circuit. The circuit is electrically connected, and the signal received by the radiating antenna 4 is amplified by a low-noise amplifier circuit. The ring director 5 is located on the side of the radiating antenna 4 away from the circuit board 3, that is, the ring director 5 is located above the radiating antenna 4. The centerline of the ring director 5 coincides with the centerline of the radiating antenna 4, and a first gap is defined between the ring director 5 and the radiating antenna 4, that is, the ring director 5 does not contact the radiating antenna 4, and there is a certain distance between the ring director 5 and the radiating antenna 4. The ring director 5 can optimize the radiation pattern and reduce or avoid radiation pattern distortion to address the problem of radiation pattern distortion. One end of the FAKRA connector 6 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3, and the other end extends through the base plate 1 for connection to the vehicle's electronic equipment.

[0055] The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of the present application can effectively improve the radiation pattern and axial ratio performance by setting a ring director 5 above the radiating antenna 4, solving the radiation pattern depression problem caused by the sheet metal grounding of the entire vehicle (i.e., the grounding of the bottom plate 1), and keeping the satellite signal reception performance stable.

[0056] Preferably, the length of the first gap is 0.01λ to 0.3λ.

[0057] Setting the length of the first gap to 0.01λ to 0.3λ can ensure that the annular director 5 improves the antenna pattern and enhances the receiving performance of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna.

[0058] It should be noted that this application does not impose any restrictions on the specific structure of the annular director 5. As long as the annular director 5 can reduce the degree of distortion of the directional pattern and thus optimize the directional pattern, in actual applications, those skilled in the art can customize the specific structure of the annular director 5 according to actual needs. Any adjustments and changes to the specific structure of the annular director 5 do not deviate from the basic principles of this application and should be limited to the scope of protection of this application.

[0059] In some feasible embodiments, the annular director 5 is an annular metal member with a certain thickness and height.

[0060] In some preferred embodiments, see Figure 7 The annular director 5 includes a guiding ring plate 51 and a plurality of guiding panels 52 integrally connected to the guiding ring plate 51. The guiding panels 52 are arranged perpendicular to the guiding ring plate 51 and one end of the guiding panels 52 away from the guiding ring plate 51 is arranged toward the radiation antenna 4. The plurality of guiding panels 52 are evenly distributed circumferentially, and there is a gap 53 between two adjacent guiding panels 52.

[0061] In this preferred embodiment, the annular director 5 is configured as a guide ring plate 51 and a plurality of guide panels 52, and a gap 53 is provided between two adjacent guide panels 52. This configuration enables the annular director 5 to be formed in one step by bending, thus avoiding multiple welding steps, reducing processing steps, and improving production efficiency. In addition, under the action of high-frequency electromagnetic waves, an eddy current effect is formed on the metal surface of the annular director 5. In the area of the gap 53 after bending, the surface current is concentrated along the metal edge. The opening of the gap guides the surface current path, thereby stimulating new harmonics. The vibration mode causes the high-frequency current to form a stronger concentration effect near the slot 53, thereby improving the electromagnetic radiation efficiency of the antenna in a specific direction. At the same time, the surface current will not be completely cut off, but can be guided along the edge of the slot 53 to the top of the guide ring plate 51, forming a propagation path in the direction of rotation, thereby promoting the enhancement of the circularly polarized signal. Moreover, since the surface current is strengthened at the slot 53, the field strength in the high elevation angle direction increases. By guiding the flow of the surface current through the slot, the current density in the sidelobe area can be reduced, the radiation pattern can be more concentrated, and the interference caused by the assembly environment can be reduced.

[0062] It should be noted that this application does not impose any restrictions on the specific shape of the guide ring plate 51. As long as the guide ring plate 51 is a closed annular structure and can simultaneously connect to the guide enclosure plate 52, in actual applications, those skilled in the art can customize the specific shape of the guide ring plate 51 based on actual needs. Any adjustments and changes to the specific shape of the guide ring plate 51 do not deviate from the basic principles of this application and should be limited to the scope of protection of this application.

[0063] In some embodiments, the guide ring plate 52 is a circular ring plate, with an outer ring diameter of 0.1λ to 1.0λ and a ring width of 0.001λ to 0.1λ. The ring width is the difference between the outer ring diameter and the inner ring diameter of the ring plate. If the guide ring plate 52 is a circular ring plate, the top view of the radiating antenna 4 is preferably circular.

[0064] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 7 The guide ring plate 52 is a square ring plate, with an outer ring width of 0.1λ to 1.0λ and a ring width of 0.001λ to 0.1λ. The ring width is the difference between the outer ring width and the inner ring width. If the guide ring plate 52 is a directional ring plate, the top view of the radiating antenna 4 is preferably square.

[0065] In some embodiments, the thickness of the guide enclosure plate 52 and the guide ring plate 51 is 0.001λ to 0.05λ.

[0066] The thickness of the guide plate 52 and the guide ring plate 51 is 0.001λ~0.05λ,

[0067] Preferably, the material of the annular director 5 is metal, preferably iron, copper, aluminum or stainless steel.

[0068] Preferably, please also refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 9 The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of the present application also includes a parasitic director 7 located in the accommodating cavity. The parasitic director 7 includes a bracket 71 and a guiding element 72 located on the top surface of the bracket. The bracket 71 is mounted on the circuit board 3 or the base plate 1 and is covered on the outside of the radiating antenna 4. The guiding element 72 can widen the bandwidth of the radiating antenna 4. There is a second gap between the end surface of the guiding plate 52 facing the radiating antenna 4 and the guiding element 72.

[0069] By arranging a parasitic director 7 above the radiating antenna 4, the antenna bandwidth can be expanded to ensure full coverage of the L1, L2, L5 and L bands.

[0070] In some embodiments, a mounting post is provided on the base plate 1, a positioning hole is provided on the circuit board 3, the mounting post is located in the positioning hole, a mounting hole is provided on the bracket 71, and a locking bolt passes through the mounting hole and is threadedly fixed to the screw hole on the mounting post, thereby locking and fixing the bracket 71, the circuit board 3 and the base plate 2.

[0071] Specifically, see Figure 9The guiding element 72 includes a first guiding patch 721 and a second guiding patch 722. The second guiding patch 722 is arranged around the first guiding patch 721 and a gap is formed between the second guiding patch 722 and the first guiding patch 721. The radiating antenna 4 can achieve the purpose of directing the radiation pattern through the gap, so that the radiating antenna 4 radiates electromagnetic waves in a specific direction, can stimulate a better radiation module, improve the antenna gain, axial ratio and front-to-back ratio and other performance, and effectively broaden the bandwidth of the radiating antenna 4 so that it can meet the full coverage of L1, L2, L5 and L bands.

[0072] Preferably, the length of the second gap is 0.001λ to 0.3λ.

[0073] It should be noted that this application does not impose any restrictions on the specific installation method of the ring director 5. As long as the ring director 5 is stably installed above the radiating antenna 4, in actual applications, those skilled in the art can customize the installation method of the ring director 5 according to actual needs. For example, the ring director 5 can be connected to the housing 2 via a connector, or the ring director 5 can be installed on the radiating antenna 4 via a support structure, etc. Any adjustments and changes to the installation method of the ring director 5 do not deviate from the basic principles of this application and should be limited to the scope of protection of this application.

[0074] Preferably, please also refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 8 The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of the present application also includes a support member 8, the bottom surface of the support member 8 is bonded to the top surface of the parasitic director 7, the annular director 5 is covered on the top outer side of the support member 8, the top surface of the support member 8 is in contact with the guide ring plate 51, the support member 8 and the annular director 5 are matched through a first limiting member 9 to limit the movement of the two in the horizontal direction, and the support member 8 and the annular director 5 are matched through a second limiting member 10 to limit the upward movement of the annular director 5 relative to the support member 8.

[0075] By providing the support member 8 to install the annular director 5, the annular director 5 can maintain a stable position relative to the parasitic director 7 and the radiating antenna 4, thereby ensuring the stability of the performance of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna.

[0076] It should be noted that the present application does not impose any restrictions on the specific structure of the first limiting member 9. In actual applications, technical personnel in this field can set the specific structure of the first limiting member 9 according to actual needs. Adjustments and changes to the structure of the first limiting member 9 do not deviate from the basic principles of the present application and should be limited within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0077] In some preferred embodiments, please also refer to Figures 6 to 8The first limiting member 9 includes a limiting post 91 and a first limiting hole 92 that cooperates with the limiting post 91. The limiting post 91 is provided on the support member 8, and the first limiting hole 92 is provided on the guide ring plate 51. When installed, the limiting post 91 is located in the first limiting hole 92. Preferably, there are two or more first limiting members 9.

[0078] The first limiting component 9 is configured as a limiting column 91 provided on the support member 8 and a first limiting hole 92 provided on the guide ring plate 51. The limiting column 91 is located in the first limiting hole 92 to limit the relative movement of the support member 8 and the annular guide 5 in the horizontal direction. The structure is simple and easy to use. In addition, the limiting column 91 and the first limiting hole 92 can also play a positioning role during installation, which facilitates the positioning of the annular guide 7 and helps to increase the installation speed of the annular guide 7.

[0079] It should be noted that the present application does not impose any restrictions on the specific structure of the second position-limiting member 10. In actual applications, technical personnel in this field can set the specific structure of the second position-limiting member 10 according to actual needs. Adjustments and changes to the structure of the second position-limiting member 10 do not deviate from the basic principles of the present application and should be limited within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0080] In some preferred embodiments, please also refer to Figures 6 to 8 The second limiting member 10 includes a limiting block 101 and a second limiting hole 102 that cooperates with the limiting block 101. The limiting block 101 is provided on the side wall of the support member 8, and the second limiting hole 102 is provided on the guide panel 52. When installed, the limiting block 101 is located in the second limiting hole 102, and the bottom wall of the limiting block 101 abuts against the hole wall of the second limiting hole 102. Preferably, there are two or more second limiting members 10.

[0081] The second limiting member 10 is configured as a limiting block 101 and a second limiting hole 10, which has a simple structure and is convenient for configuration and use.

[0082] Further preferably, see Figure 8 The top of the limit block 101 is provided with a guide slope. The top of the limit block 101 is provided with a guide slope, which facilitates the assembly of the annular director 5 and the support member 8 during installation and reduces the difficulty of assembly.

[0083] In some preferred embodiments, the radiating antenna 4 includes a first ceramic block and a second ceramic block stacked up and coaxially arranged, a first radiating patch is arranged on the top surface of the first ceramic block, and a second radiating patch is arranged on the top surface of the second ceramic block.

[0084] The radiating antenna 4 includes a first ceramic block and a second ceramic block, on which a first radiating patch and a second radiating patch are respectively provided. Different ceramics and radiating patches form radiating antennas 4 with different frequency performances, so that the radiating antenna 4 can support L1, L2, L5 and L band signal reception. At the same time, in conjunction with the parasitic director 7, the antenna bandwidth can be further expanded, thereby ensuring full coverage of L1, L2, L5 and L bands, ensuring that the GNSS shark fin antenna has the ability to cover the entire frequency range and meet the requirements of multiple frequency bands of the GNSS system.

[0085] In some preferred embodiments, please also refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of the present application further includes a camera 11 and a camera shield 12 disposed within a housing 2. The camera 11 is mounted on the base plate 1, and the camera shield 12 is disposed outside the camera 11. The camera shield 12 is provided with a first avoidance hole 121, and the housing 2 is provided with a second avoidance hole 21. The lens of the camera 11 is located outside the housing 2 through the first avoidance hole 121 and the second avoidance hole 21. The material of the camera shield 12 is metal, preferably aluminum.

[0086] A camera shielding cover 12 is provided on the outside of the camera 11 and above the camera 11 to shield the interference signal of the camera 11, isolate the same-frequency electromagnetic interference of the camera 11 to the radiation antenna 4, and improve the receiving performance of the radiation antenna 4.

[0087] In some preferred embodiments, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of the present application further includes a second shielding cover 13, which is disposed between the circuit board 3 and the base plate 1. The material of the second shielding cover 13 is metal, preferably aluminum.

[0088] A second shielding cover 13 is provided between the circuit board 3 and the base plate 1 to reduce external electromagnetic interference and ensure that the amplifier circuit of the circuit board 3 operates normally.

[0089] In some preferred embodiments, see Figure 5 A waterproof plate 22 is installed on the inner wall of the housing 2. This plate 22 is sealed to the base plate 1 via a sealing ring, forming a waterproof space. The circuit board 3, radiating antenna 4, and annular director 5 are all located within this waterproof space. This arrangement improves the waterproof performance of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna.

[0090] In some preferred embodiments, see Figure 5 A reinforcing plate 23 is provided on the inner wall of the shell 2.

[0091] A reinforcing plate 23 is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell 2, which can improve the structural strength of the outer shell 2 and prevent the outer shell 2 from being dented. In addition, the reinforcing plate 23 cooperates with the space setting in the accommodating cavity to provide support for the outer shell, so that the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna maintains smooth lines, maintaining the appearance of beauty while improving the antenna performance.

[0092] It should be noted that the λ in this application is calculated according to the following formula: λ = v ÷ f = c ÷ f, where v is the electromagnetic wave propagation speed equal to the speed of light (c ≈ 3 × 10 8 m / s), f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, in Hz. Specifically, the value of λ in this application is calculated according to the value of the minimum frequency f in the antenna. Assuming that the frequency range corresponding to the antenna of this application is 1.2GHz to 2.4GHz, then λ = 3×10 8 m / s÷(1.2×10 9 Hz)=0.25m=25cm.

[0093] The basic principle of this application is explained below through a specific embodiment.

[0094] Example 1

[0095] The structure of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of this embodiment is as follows: Figures 1 to 9 As shown, it includes a base plate 1, a shell 2, a circuit board 3, a radiating antenna 4, a ring director 5, a FAKRA connector 6, a parasitic director 7, a support 8, a first limiting member 9, a second limiting member 10, a camera 11, a camera shielding cover 12 and a second shielding cover 13.

[0096] The housing 2 is made of plastic, and the base plate 1 is made of sheet metal. The housing 1 is connected to the base plate 1 and positioned above it. A cavity is formed between the housing 2 and the base plate 1. The circuit board 3, radiating antenna 4, annular director 5, parasitic director 7, support member 8, first and second position-limiting members 9 and 10, camera 11, camera 12, and second shielding cover 13 are all located within the cavity.

[0097] The circuit board 3 is mounted on the base plate 1 and electrically connected to the base plate 1. The second shielding cover 13 is arranged between the circuit board 3 and the base plate 1. The radiating antenna 4 is mounted on the circuit board 3 and electrically connected to the circuit board 3. One end of the FAKRA connector 6 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3, and the other end passes through the base plate 1 for connection to the vehicle's electronic equipment.

[0098] The parasitic director 7 includes a bracket 71 and a guiding element 72 located on the top surface of the bracket. The bracket 71 is mounted on the circuit board 3 or the base plate 1 and covers the outer side of the radiating antenna 4. The guiding element 72 can widen the bandwidth of the radiating antenna 4. The guiding element 72 includes a first guiding patch 721 and a second guiding patch 722. The second guiding patch 722 is arranged around the first guiding patch 721 and forms a gap between the second guiding patch 722 and the first guiding patch 721.

[0099] A mounting post is provided on the base plate 1, and a positioning hole is provided on the circuit board 3. The positioning post is located in the positioning hole, and the circuit board 3 is grounded against the base plate 1. A mounting hole is provided on the bracket 71, and the locking bolt passes through the mounting hole and is threadedly fixed to the screw hole on the mounting post, thereby locking and fixing the bracket 71, the circuit board 3 and the base plate 2.

[0100] The annular director 5 includes a guide ring plate 51 and multiple guide panels 52 integrally connected to the guide ring plate 51. The guide panels 52 are arranged perpendicular to the guide ring plate 51, with the ends of the guide panels 52 facing away from the guide ring plate 51 facing the radiating antenna 4. The multiple guide panels 52 are evenly distributed around the circumference, with gaps between adjacent guide panels 52 and a second gap between the bottom surfaces of the guide panels 52 and the guide element 72. The annular director 5 is made of aluminum.

[0101] The bottom surface of the support member 8 is bonded to the top surface of the parasitic director 7, the annular director 5 is covered on the top outer side of the support member 8, the top surface of the support member 8 is against the guide ring plate 51, the support member 8 and the annular director 5 are matched through the first limiting member 9 to limit the movement of the two in the horizontal direction, and the support member 8 and the annular director 5 are matched through the second limiting member 10 to limit the upward movement of the annular director 5 relative to the support member 8.

[0102] The first limiting member 9 includes a limiting post 91 and a first limiting hole 92 that cooperates with the limiting post 91. The limiting post 91 is provided on the support member 8, and the first limiting hole 92 is provided on the guide ring plate 51. When installed, the limiting post 91 is located in the first limiting hole 92. The second limiting member 10 includes a limiting block 101 and a second limiting hole 102 that cooperates with the limiting block 101. The limiting block 101 is provided on the side wall of the support member 8, and the second limiting hole 102 is provided on the guide enclosure plate 52. When installed, the limiting block 101 is located in the second limiting hole 102, and the bottom wall of the limiting block 101 abuts against the hole wall of the second limiting hole 102.

[0103] In this embodiment, the radiating antenna 4 includes a first ceramic block and a second ceramic block stacked up and coaxially arranged. A first radiating patch is arranged on the top surface of the first ceramic block, and a second radiating patch is arranged on the top surface of the second ceramic block.

[0104] The radiating antenna 4 includes a first ceramic block and a second ceramic block stacked up and coaxially arranged. A first radiating patch is arranged on the top surface of the first ceramic block, and a second radiating patch is arranged on the top surface of the second ceramic block.

[0105] A waterproof plate 22 is provided on the inner wall of the housing 2. The waterproof plate 22 is sealed to the bottom plate 1 via a sealing ring to form a waterproof space. The circuit board 3, radiating antenna 4, and annular director 5 are all located in the waterproof space. A reinforcement plate 23 is provided on the inner wall of the housing 2.

[0106] The frequency range of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of this embodiment is 1.164 GHz to 1.255 GHz and 1.545 GHz to 1.610 GHz.

[0107] In this embodiment, the length of the second gap is 0.008λ.

[0108] In this embodiment, the guide ring plate 52 is a square ring plate, the outer ring width of the square ring plate is 0.16λ, the inner ring width of the square ring plate is 0.14λ, and thus the ring width of the square ring plate is 0.02λ.

[0109] In this embodiment, the thickness of the guide enclosing plate 52 and the guide ring plate 51 is 0.001λ.

[0110] In this embodiment, the camera shielding cover 12 is made of aluminum, and the second shielding cover 13 is made of aluminum.

[0111] Comparative Example 1

[0112] The structure of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of this comparative example is the same as that of Example 1 except that it does not have the annular director 5 . Other structures are exactly the same as those of Example 1.

[0113] The gain patterns of the full-band GNSS shark fin antennas of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 are as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the gold one is the gain radiation pattern of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of Example 1 (i.e., the antenna with the ring director 5), and the blue one is the gain radiation pattern of the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna of comparative example 1 (i.e., the antenna without the ring director 5).

[0114] Depend on Figure 10It can be seen that the vertex gain of comparative example 1 (antenna without annular director 5) is 2.4dBi, the gain at 15 degrees is -3dBi; the back gain is -12.5dBi; the vertex gain of embodiment 1 (antenna with annular director 5) is 6.2dBi, the gain at 15 degrees is 4.5dBi, and the back gain is -38dBi. It can be seen that by setting the annular director 5, its vertex gain is increased from 2.4dBi to 6.2dBi, which enhances the reception strength of high-elevation satellite signals; the directional gain at 15 degrees is increased from -3dBi to 4.5dBi. The annular director 5 effectively fills the concave area of the radiation pattern caused by the asymmetry of the roof sheet metal, and the front-to-back ratio is increased from 14.9dB to 44.2dB. The back radiation suppression capability is significantly enhanced, and the ability to resist interference from electronic equipment inside the vehicle is enhanced.

[0115] Furthermore, it can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 that by arranging a ring director 5 above the radiating antenna 4, the radiation pattern can be optimized, the axial ratio and the front-to-back ratio can be improved, and the satellite signal reception performance can be improved, which effectively solves the problem that the radiation pattern of the existing shark fin antenna is concave when assembled on the roof sheet metal, thereby affecting the uniformity and stability of satellite signal reception.

[0116] Thus far, the technical solutions of the present application have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present application is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present application, those skilled in the art may make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A full-band GNSS shark fin antenna, characterized in that: The GNSS shark fin antenna comprises: Bottom plate (1), a housing (2) connected to the base plate (1) and forming a receiving cavity with the base plate (1); A circuit board (3) is arranged in the accommodating cavity, the circuit board (3) is mounted on the base plate (1) and is electrically connected to the base plate (1); a radiating antenna (4), which is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the radiating antenna (4) is mounted on the circuit board (3) and electrically connected to the circuit board (3); an annular director (5) disposed in the accommodating cavity, the annular director (5) being located on a side of the radiating antenna (4) away from the circuit board (3), the center line of the annular director (5) coinciding with the center line of the radiating antenna (4), and a first gap being provided between the annular director (5) and the radiating antenna (4), the annular director (5) being configured to optimize a directional pattern; A FAKRA connector (6) has one end electrically connected to the circuit board (3) and the other end passing through the bottom plate (1) for connection to electronic equipment of the vehicle.

2. The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the first gap is 0.01λ to 0.3λ.

3. The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular director (5) comprises a guide ring plate (51) and a plurality of guide enclosures (52) integrally connected to the guide ring plate (51), wherein the guide enclosures (52) are arranged perpendicular to the guide ring plate (51) and one end of the guide enclosure (52) away from the guide ring plate (51) is arranged toward the radiation antenna (4), the plurality of guide enclosures (52) are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and a gap is provided between two adjacent guide enclosures (52).

4. The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide ring plate (51) is a square ring plate or a circular ring plate; And / or, the thickness of the guide plate (52) and the guide ring plate (51) is 0.001λ to 0.05λ; And / or, the material of the annular director (5) is metal.

5. The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide ring plate (52) is a circular ring plate, the outer ring diameter of the circular ring plate is 0.1λ to 1.0λ, and the ring width of the circular ring plate is 0.001λ to 0.1λ; Alternatively, the guide ring plate (52) is a square ring plate, the outer ring width of the square ring plate is 0.1λ to 1.0λ, and the ring width of the square ring plate is 0.001λ to 0.1λ.

6. The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna further comprises a parasitic director (7) located in the accommodating cavity, the parasitic director (7) comprising a bracket (71) and a guiding element (72) located on the top surface of the bracket, the bracket (71) being mounted on the circuit board (3) or the base plate (1) and covering the outer side of the radiating antenna (4), the guiding element (72) being capable of widening the bandwidth of the radiating antenna (4), and a second gap being provided between the end surface of the guiding panel (52) facing the radiating antenna (4) and the guiding element (72).

7. The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The length of the second gap is 0.001λ to 0.3λ; And / or, the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna further comprises a support member (8), the bottom surface of the support member (8) is bonded to the top surface of the parasitic director (7), the annular director (5) is covered on the outside of the top of the support member (8), and the top surface of the support member (8) abuts against the guide ring plate (51), The support member (8) and the annular guide (5) cooperate with each other through a first limiting member (9) to limit the movement of the two in the horizontal direction, and the support member (8) and the annular guide (5) cooperate with each other through a second limiting member (10) to limit the upward movement of the annular guide (5) relative to the support member (8).

8. The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first limiting member (9) comprises a limiting column (91) and a first limiting hole (92) matched with the limiting column (91); the limiting column (91) is arranged on the support member (8); the first limiting hole (92) is arranged on the guide ring plate (51); when installed, the limiting column (91) is located in the first limiting hole (92); And / or, the second limiting member (10) includes a limiting block (101) and a second limiting hole (102) matched with the limiting block (101), the limiting block (101) is arranged on the side wall of the support member (8), and the second limiting hole (102) is arranged on the guide panel (52), and when installed, the limiting block (101) is located in the second limiting hole (102), and the bottom wall of the limiting block (101) is in contact with the hole wall of the second limiting hole (102).

9. The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The radiating antenna (4) comprises a first ceramic block and a second ceramic block stacked up and down and arranged coaxially, a first radiating patch being arranged on the top surface of the first ceramic block, and a second radiating patch being arranged on the top surface of the second ceramic block; And / or, the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna further comprises a camera (11) and a camera shielding cover (12) arranged in the housing (2), the camera (11) is mounted on the base plate (1), the camera shielding cover (12) is arranged outside the camera (11), a first avoidance hole (121) is provided on the camera shielding cover (12), the housing (2) is provided with a second avoidance hole (21), and the lens of the camera (11) is located outside the housing (2) through the first avoidance hole (121) and the second avoidance hole (21); And / or, the full-band GNSS shark fin antenna further includes a second shielding cover (13), and the second shielding cover (13) is arranged between the circuit board (3) and the base plate (1); And / or, a waterproof plate (22) is provided on the inner wall of the housing (2), the waterproof plate (22) is sealed and connected to the bottom plate (1) via a sealing ring to form a waterproof space, and the circuit board (3), the radiating antenna (4) and the annular director (5) are all located in the waterproof space; And / or, a reinforcing plate (23) is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell (2).

10. The full-band GNSS shark fin antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The material of the camera shield (12) is metal; And / or, the material of the second shielding cover (13) is metal.

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