Optical path variable optical attenuator adjusting method based on optical fiber array angle cooperative control

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication, and discloses an optical path variable optical attenuator adjusting method for optical fiber array angle cooperative control, which comprises the following steps of: obtaining: obtaining the real-time angle and the output optical power of each optical fiber in an optical fiber array through acquisition equipment; construction: based on the real-time angle and the output optical power, defining a system state vector including an angle vector, an attenuation vector and a conjugate momentum vector of each optical fiber, constructing a Hamiltonian function, and updating the Hamiltonian function; derivation: deriving the Hamiltonian function according to the Hamiltonian regular equation to obtain an expression containing the angle change rate, the conjugate momentum change rate and the attenuation change rate of each optical fiber, and further obtaining the optical fiber angle. A system state vector including an angle vector, an attenuation vector and a conjugate momentum vector is constructed, and Hamiltonian function modeling and a regular equation are combined to deduce a cooperative regulation law, so that a cross-physical domain coupling relation of optical fiber angle regulation and light attenuation control is converted into an energy optimization problem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication technology, and in particular to a method for adjusting an optical path variable optical attenuator with coordinated control of an optical fiber array angle. Background Art

[0002] In the field of fiber-optic communications and optical signal processing, fiber arrays serve as core components for optical signal transmission and regulation. The synergy between their angle control and optical power regulation directly impacts the system's transmission performance and stability. The development of high-speed optical communication networks, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems, and optical sensor networks has placed higher demands on the precise balancing, dynamic regulation, and anti-interference capabilities of multi-channel optical power in fiber arrays.

[0003] Traditional methods for adjusting optical variable optical attenuators (VOAs) often employ independent adjustments to either the fiber angle or the attenuator's attenuation. For example, these methods employ microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to independently adjust the fiber's output angle to alter the light field distribution, or utilize thermo-optical variable optical attenuators (VOAs) to directly control the optical power attenuation. Consequently, as the fiber angle changes, the spatial distribution of the output light field changes accordingly, causing fluctuations in the coupling efficiency with subsequent optical components. Even if the attenuator's attenuation coefficient remains unchanged, the actual output optical power will still suffer from errors due to the angle shift. Conversely, adjusting the optical attenuator cannot compensate for the power fluctuations caused by angle changes. Consequently, adjustment accuracy is limited by the mutual interference between the light field distribution change and the attenuation control, making it difficult to meet the power balancing accuracy requirements of high-speed optical communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a light path variable optical attenuator adjustment method with coordinated control of the fiber array angle, which solves the problem that the traditional light path variable optical attenuator adjustment method is limited by the mutual interference between the change of light field distribution and attenuation control, and is difficult to meet the power balancing accuracy requirements of high-speed optical communication systems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a method for adjusting a light path variable optical attenuator with coordinated control of an optical fiber array angle, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Acquisition: Acquiring the real-time angle and output optical power of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array through an acquisition device;

[0007] S2. Construction: Based on the real-time angle and output optical power, define the system state vector including the angle vector, attenuation vector, and conjugate momentum vector of each optical fiber, construct the Hamiltonian function, and update it;

[0008] S3. Derivation: Based on the Hamiltonian canonical equation, the Hamiltonian function is differentiated to obtain an expression including the angle change rate, conjugate momentum change rate, and attenuation change rate of each optical fiber, and then the coordinated regulation law of the optical fiber angle, conjugate momentum, and attenuation is obtained;

[0009] S4. Calculation: Calculate the angle adjustment amount of each optical fiber and the attenuation adjustment amount of the attenuator according to the coordinated adjustment law, and drive the corresponding actuator to perform the adjustment.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the mechanical dynamic process of optical fiber angle adjustment and the optical process of optical attenuation control are unified in the Hamiltonian energy model. The coordinated adjustment law derived from the canonical equation is used to achieve coupled optimization of angle, conjugate momentum and attenuation. Through dynamic updating of the system state vector and adaptive parameter adjustment, the mutual interference between the light field distribution change and the attenuation control is compensated in real time, achieving high-precision equalization and dynamic and stable adjustment of multi-channel optical power. This solves the problem that the traditional optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method is limited in adjustment accuracy by the mutual interference between the light field distribution change and the attenuation control, and is difficult to meet the power equalization accuracy requirements of high-speed optical communication systems.

[0011] Preferably, the acquisition equipment in S1 includes a fiber Bragg grating sensor and an optical power detector.

[0012] Preferably, the system state vector x in S2 is [θ T ,α T ,p T ] T , where, θ=[θ1,θ2,...,θ N ] T is the angle vector of each optical fiber, α=[α1,α2,…,α N ] T is the attenuation vector of each attenuator, P=[p1,p2,…,p N ] T is the conjugate momentum vector corresponding to each fiber angle.

[0013] Preferably, the Hamiltonian function in S2 is in, m i is the inertial parameter of the i-th optical fiber, θ i represents the inclination angle of the ith fiber exit end relative to the normal, α i represents the attenuation coefficient of the attenuator corresponding to the i-th optical fiber, is the kinetic energy term, representing the angle-adjusted dynamic energy, is the potential energy term, representing the elastic potential energy of the angle recovering to the initial position, k i is the elastic constant of the i-th optical fiber, θ i 0is the initial angle of the i-th optical fiber, is the optical power balance constraint term, which is used to make the output optical power close to the target value, λ is the Lagrange multiplier, I i is the incident light intensity of the i-th optical fiber, P target is the target output power, It is the energy consumption control item used to optimize the attenuator energy consumption, and μ is the energy consumption weight coefficient.

[0014] Preferably, the updating in S2 includes predicting and updating the system state by using an extended Kalman filter algorithm, and updating the Lagrange multiplier in the Hamiltonian function by using an adaptive gradient descent method. The update formula is: Among them, γ is the adaptive step size, is the optical power error.

[0015] Preferably, the Hamiltonian canonical equation in S3 is in, is the rate of change of the system state vector, is the partial derivative of the Hamiltonian function with respect to the conjugate momentum vector, is the rate of change of the conjugate momentum vector, is the negative of the partial derivative of the Hamiltonian function with respect to the angle vector.

[0016] Preferably, it is characterized in that: the expression in S3 is in, is the angle change rate of the i-th optical fiber, is the ratio of conjugate momentum to inertial parameter, is the rate of change of the conjugate momentum of the i-th fiber, -k i (θ i -θ i 0 ) is the elastic restoring force term, is the feedback force term related to the optical power error, light intensity and attenuation coefficient gradient, is the attenuation change rate of the attenuator corresponding to the i-th optical fiber, is the adjustment term related to optical power error and light intensity, -μα i is the energy consumption constraint.

[0017] Preferably, when calculating the angle adjustment amount of each optical fiber and the attenuation adjustment amount of the attenuator in S4, the Runge-Kutta method is used to discretize and solve the differential equation in the cooperative adjustment law, and the adjustment amount is iteratively optimized in combination with real-time feedback of the optical power error.

[0018] Preferably, the adjustment performed in S4 is to convert the angle adjustment amount into a voltage signal for driving the MEMS angle adjustment mirror, and convert the attenuation adjustment amount into a heating power signal for controlling the thermo-optical variable optical attenuator, and output the voltage signal and the heating power signal to the corresponding actuator respectively for execution adjustment.

[0019] The optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment system for optical fiber array angle coordinated control is applied to the optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for the above-mentioned optical fiber array angle coordinated control, comprising:

[0020] Acquisition module: used to obtain the real-time angle and output optical power of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array through the acquisition device;

[0021] Construction module: used to define the system state vector including the angle vector, attenuation vector and conjugate momentum vector of each optical fiber based on the real-time angle and output optical power, construct the Hamiltonian function, and update it;

[0022] Derivation module: used to derive the Hamiltonian function according to the Hamiltonian canonical equation to obtain expressions containing the angle change rate, conjugate momentum change rate, and attenuation change rate of each optical fiber, and then obtain the coordinated regulation law of optical fiber angle, conjugate momentum, and attenuation;

[0023] Calculation module: used to calculate the angle adjustment amount of each optical fiber and the attenuation adjustment amount of the attenuator according to the coordinated adjustment law, and drive the corresponding actuator to perform the adjustment.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for adjusting a light path variable optical attenuator with coordinated control of an optical fiber array angle. This method has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention constructs a system state vector containing an angle vector, an attenuation vector, and a conjugate momentum vector, and combines Hamiltonian function modeling with canonical equations to derive a cooperative regulation law, thereby converting the cross-physical domain coupling relationship between optical fiber angle adjustment and optical attenuation control into an energy optimization problem. This realizes multivariable cooperative regulation based on the principle of energy minimization, dynamically balances optical power error and regulation energy consumption through an adaptive update mechanism, and compensates in real time for the interference of light field distribution changes on power regulation. This solves the problem that in traditional optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment methods, the adjustment accuracy is limited by the mutual interference between light field distribution changes and attenuation control, making it difficult to meet the power balancing accuracy requirements of high-speed optical communication systems.

[0026] 2. The present invention suppresses angle drift and corrects power deviation in real time based on the elastic restoring force term in the Hamiltonian function and the optical power error feedback mechanism. It extends the Kalman filter algorithm to dynamically estimate the system state, and can compensate for the impact of environmental disturbances such as temperature drift and vibration on the optical fiber angle and optical power. The adaptive gradient descent method updates the Lagrange multiplier, and the adjustment weight can be dynamically adjusted according to the power error, thereby improving the accuracy of optical power balancing and enhancing dynamic adaptability under complex working conditions.

[0027] 3. The present invention forms a dynamic balance mechanism of "power accuracy-regulated energy consumption" through the control energy consumption term in the Hamiltonian function and the adaptive multiplier update strategy. When the optical power error is large, the power constraint weight is automatically enhanced to achieve rapid convergence. When the error is reduced, the impact of the energy consumption term is reduced, reducing the unnecessary power consumption of the thermal optical VOA, making it more suitable for optical communication scenarios that are sensitive to power consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for the optical fiber array angle coordinated control proposed by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment system for optical fiber array angle coordinated control proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Please see the attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for adjusting a light path variable optical attenuator with coordinated control of an optical fiber array angle, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1. Acquisition: The real-time angle and output optical power of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array are acquired through acquisition equipment. The acquisition equipment in S1 includes a fiber Bragg grating sensor and an optical power detector.

[0033] Specifically, with respect to step S1, it is responsible for obtaining the real-time operating status data of the optical fiber array, providing the necessary input information for the subsequent Hamiltonian function construction and coordinated adjustment, and obtaining the real-time angle of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array through a fiber Bragg grating sensor. The fiber Bragg grating sensor uses the Bragg diffraction principle of light. When the optical fiber is deformed by external influences, the grating period changes, causing the wavelength of the reflected light to drift. By detecting the wavelength drift and combining it with the preset wavelength-angle conversion relationship, the real-time angle of each optical fiber can be obtained. At the same time, the output optical power of each optical fiber is obtained through an optical power detector. The optical power detector converts the optical signal into an electrical signal based on the photoelectric effect. After amplification, filtering and other processing, the output optical power value of each optical fiber is obtained.

[0034] S2, construction: Based on the real-time angle and output optical power, define the system state vector including the angle vector, attenuation vector and conjugate momentum vector of each optical fiber, construct the Hamiltonian function, and update it; in S2, the system state vector x = [θ T ,α T ,p T ] T , where, θ=[θ1,θ2,...,θ N ] T is the angle vector of each optical fiber, α=[α1,α2,…,α N ] T is the attenuation vector of each attenuator, P=[p1,p2,…,p N ] T is the conjugate momentum vector corresponding to each fiber angle.

[0035] The Hamiltonian function in S2 is in, m i is the inertial parameter of the i-th optical fiber, θ i represents the inclination angle of the ith fiber exit end relative to the normal, α i represents the attenuation coefficient of the attenuator corresponding to the i-th optical fiber, is the kinetic energy term, representing the angle-adjusted dynamic energy, is the potential energy term, representing the elastic potential energy of the angle recovering to the initial position, k i is the elastic constant of the i-th optical fiber, θ i 0 is the initial angle of the i-th optical fiber, is the optical power balance constraint term, which is used to make the output optical power close to the target value, λ is the Lagrange multiplier, I i is the incident light intensity of the i-th optical fiber, P target is the target output power, It is the energy consumption control item used to optimize the attenuator energy consumption, and μ is the energy consumption weight coefficient.

[0036] The update in S2 includes predicting and updating the system state through the extended Kalman filter algorithm, and updating the Lagrange multiplier in the Hamiltonian function using the adaptive gradient descent method. The update formula is: Among them, γ is the adaptive step size, is the optical power error.

[0037] Specifically, based on the acquired real-time angle and output optical power, a system state vector is defined. This vector contains the angle vector, attenuation vector, and conjugate momentum vector of each fiber. The angle vector represents the inclination of each fiber's output end relative to the normal, the attenuation vector represents the attenuation coefficient of each attenuator, and the conjugate momentum vector is related to the angle change rate, reflecting the dynamic characteristics of angle adjustment.

[0038] Real-time angle θ obtained based on S1 i and the output optical power p i , define the three-dimensional system state vector x=[θ T ,α T ,p T ] T . Among them, the angle vector θ=[θ1,θ2,...,θ N ] T Directly related to the directional characteristics of the optical fiber output light; attenuation vector α=[α1,α2,…,α N ] T Characterizes the attenuation degree of each channel VOA; conjugate momentum vector P = [p1, p2, ..., p N ] T pass Coupled with the angle change rate, the inertia parameter m is introduced i In the present invention, the angle data θ collected in real time by each channel of the optical fiber array is i 、Current attenuation of the attenuator α i and through The calculated conjugate momentum p i As input, it is substituted into the Hamiltonian function H(x,t). By calculating the sum of the kinetic energy term, potential energy term, optical power balance constraint term and control energy consumption term, the energy representation value of the current state is obtained. After the energy value is derived from the Hamiltonian canonical equation, the rate of change of each state variable is output. Then, the coordinated regulation law of fiber angle, conjugate momentum, and attenuation is obtained. Through this process, the physical state of the fiber array (angle, attenuation) is converted into state parameters in the energy model, and the regulation value is inferred through energy optimization calculation, thus constructing a closed-loop regulation mechanism of "physical state-energy modeling-regulation control", providing a mathematical foundation and calculation basis for the coordinated optimization of fiber array angle and attenuator.

[0039] Then, a Hamiltonian function is constructed, which includes kinetic energy terms, potential energy terms, optical power balance constraint terms and control energy consumption terms. The kinetic energy term is the sum of half the ratio of the square of the conjugate momentum of each optical fiber to the inertial parameter, which represents the dynamic energy of the angle adjustment; the potential energy term is the sum of half the product of the elastic coefficient of each optical fiber and the square of the difference between the angle and the initial angle, which reflects the elastic potential energy of the angle recovering to the initial position; the optical power balance constraint term is the product of the Lagrange multiplier and the sum of the product of the attenuation coefficient of each optical fiber and the incident light intensity and the square of the absolute value of the target output power difference, which is used to make the output optical power approach the target value; the control energy consumption term is the sum of the energy consumption weight coefficient and half the product of the square of the attenuation coefficient of each optical fiber, which is used to optimize the attenuator energy consumption. By constructing the Hamiltonian function H(x,t), the function integrates the dynamic constraints and the optical objectives: the kinetic energy term Quantifying the dynamic energy of angle adjustment, potential energy term By elastic coefficient k i Form an angle to the initial position θ i 0 Restoration of optical power balance constraint The attenuation α is converted to i , incident light intensity I i With the target power P target Coupling; controlling energy consumption Excessive attenuation is suppressed by the energy consumption weight coefficient μ.

[0040] In the present invention, the angle θ in the system state vector x is i , attenuation α i , conjugate momentum p i , and the incident light intensity I i Target power P target Parameters such as φ and φ are used as input. By calculating the sum of each energy term, the energy value of the current state of the system is output, which represents the comprehensive state of the angle adjustment dynamic energy, elastic recovery potential energy, optical power error and attenuator energy consumption. After substituting the Hamiltonian function into the canonical equation and taking the derivative, the angle change rate is obtained. rate of change of conjugate momentum and attenuation change rate The expression for is derived, and the collaborative adjustment law is derived. This method transforms the angle adjustment and optical power control problems of the fiber array into an energy optimization problem. By minimizing the energy function, the optimal angle and attenuation adjustment scheme is obtained. This allows the fiber array to meet the optical power balance goal while taking into account the dynamic characteristics of angle adjustment and the energy consumption optimization of the attenuator, forming a collaborative adjustment mechanism based on energy modeling.

[0041] When the Hamiltonian function is updated, the system state is predicted and updated by the extended Kalman filter algorithm. The extended Kalman filter algorithm is a recursive state estimation algorithm that can handle nonlinear systems. By establishing the system state equation and observation equation, the system state is predicted and corrected, thereby compensating for the impact of environmental disturbances such as temperature drift and vibration on the system state. At the same time, the adaptive gradient descent method is used to update the Lagrange multiplier in the Hamiltonian function. According to the size of the optical power error, the value of the Lagrange multiplier is adjusted according to the update formula to dynamically balance the optical power accuracy and the regulation energy consumption. In the present invention, the Lagrange multiplier λ at the current moment is set to k , adaptive step size γ and each fiber output optical power p i With target average power The deviation is taken as input. By calculating the product of the square of the optical power error and the step size and adding it to the current multiplier, the Lagrange multiplier λ of the next moment is output. k+1 This update process adjusts the multiplier value in real time, causing it to change dynamically with the optical power error: when the power error is large, the multiplier increases rapidly to enhance the weight of the optical power constraint term, prompting the system to prioritize power balance; when the error decreases, the multiplier growth slows down to reduce the impact of the energy consumption term, achieving a balance between power accuracy and regulation energy consumption. Through this mechanism, adaptive optimization of the energy constraint weight in the Hamiltonian function is achieved, allowing the system to automatically switch between high-precision mode and low-power mode under different working conditions, improving the environmental adaptability and overall performance of the fiber array regulation.

[0042] S3. Derivation: Based on the Hamiltonian canonical equation, the Hamiltonian function is differentiated to obtain the expressions including the angle change rate, conjugate momentum change rate, and attenuation change rate of each optical fiber, and then the coordinated regulation law of optical fiber angle, conjugate momentum, and attenuation is obtained; the Hamiltonian canonical equation in S3 is in, is the rate of change of the system state vector, is the partial derivative of the Hamiltonian function with respect to the conjugate momentum vector, is the rate of change of the conjugate momentum vector, is the negative of the partial derivative of the Hamiltonian function with respect to the angle vector.

[0043] The expression in S3 is in, is the angle change rate of the i-th optical fiber, is the ratio of conjugate momentum to inertial parameter, is the rate of change of the conjugate momentum of the i-th fiber, -k i (θ i -θ i 0 ) is the elastic restoring force term, is the feedback force term related to the optical power error, light intensity and attenuation coefficient gradient, is the attenuation change rate of the attenuator corresponding to the i-th optical fiber, is the adjustment term related to optical power error and light intensity, -μα i is the energy consumption constraint.

[0044] Specifically, for step S3, the Hamiltonian canonical equation is used to convert the abstract energy representation into a specific law of change of physical quantities, providing a core formula support for the subsequent calculation of the adjustment amount. According to the Hamiltonian canonical equation, the Hamiltonian function is derived to obtain the expressions of the angle change rate, conjugate momentum change rate and attenuation change rate of each optical fiber, and then the coordinated adjustment law is obtained. The angle change rate is the ratio of the conjugate momentum to the inertial parameter; the conjugate momentum change rate includes an elastic restoring force term and a feedback force term related to the optical power error, light intensity and attenuation coefficient gradient. The elastic restoring force term restores the angle to the initial position, and the feedback force term adjusts the conjugate momentum according to the optical power error; the attenuation change rate includes an adjustment term and an energy consumption constraint term related to the optical power error and light intensity. The adjustment term adjusts the attenuation according to the optical power error, and the energy consumption constraint term is used to limit excessive adjustment of the attenuation and reduce energy consumption.

[0045] Based on the Hamiltonian function constructed and updated by S2, according to the Hamiltonian canonical equation and Perform derivative operation. For the angle θ in the system state vector i , by taking the partial derivative of the kinetic energy term in the Hamiltonian function, we can get the angle change rate This formula shows that the angle adjustment speed is determined by the conjugate momentum p i and inertia parameter m i The ratio of is determined, which reflects the dynamic inertia characteristics of angle adjustment. i , after taking partial derivatives of the potential energy term and the optical power constraint term, we get The first term is the elastic restoring force, and the driving angle is θ i 0 Convergence, the latter term is obtained by the optical power error and the light intensity I i and attenuation coefficient gradient Forming feedback force, the optical error is converted into the angle adjustment driving force. i , by taking partial derivatives of the optical power constraint term and the energy consumption term, we can get The former adjusts the attenuation based on the power error, while the latter suppresses excessive attenuation through the energy consumption weight μ. Ultimately, these three types of rate-of-change expressions form a coordinated regulation law, relating the changes in angle, momentum, and attenuation into a mutually coupled dynamic system. This provides a complete mathematical model for the calculation of the regulation variable, including mechanical dynamics and optical constraints.

[0046] In the present invention, the Hamiltonian function H(x, t) constructed by S2 and the kinetic energy term, potential energy term, optical power balance constraint term, etc. are used as input to calculate the partial derivatives of the conjugate momentum vector p and the angle vector θ. Output the rate of change of the system state vector That is, the real-time rate of change of each fiber angle, whose value is determined by the conjugate momentum p i and inertia parameter m i The ratio of Output conjugate momentum change rate It includes an elastic restoring force term and an optical power error feedback force term. The mathematical expression representing the energy distribution in the Hamiltonian function is converted into the dynamic variation law of physical quantities such as angle and momentum, obtaining specific expressions for the angle change rate and conjugate momentum change rate of each optical fiber. These expressions, together with the attenuation change rate expression, form a coordinated regulation law. This derivation from the energy model to the physical regulation law provides a theoretical basis and calculation method for the coordinated regulation of optical fiber angle and attenuation, ensuring that the regulation process follows the principle of energy optimization and ensuring the coupled optimization of angle regulation and optical power control.

[0047] S4. Calculation: Calculate the angle adjustment of each fiber and the attenuation adjustment of the attenuator based on the cooperative adjustment law, and drive the corresponding actuators to perform the adjustment. When calculating the angle adjustment of each fiber and the attenuation adjustment of the attenuator in S4, the Runge-Kutta method is used to discretize and solve the differential equations in the cooperative adjustment law. The adjustment values are then iteratively optimized using real-time feedback of the optical power error.

[0048] The adjustment performed in S4 is to convert the angle adjustment amount into a voltage signal for driving the MEMS angle adjustment mirror, convert the attenuation adjustment amount into a heating power signal for controlling the thermo-optical variable optical attenuator, and output the voltage signal and the heating power signal to the corresponding actuator for execution adjustment.

[0049] Specifically, for step S4, it serves as the execution link for converting theoretical derivation into actual adjustment action, and realizes the coordinated adjustment of optical fiber angle and attenuator through numerical calculation and drive control. In this embodiment, step S4 is based on the coordinated adjustment law derived from S3, and first uses the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to discretize the adjustment law in differential form. This method converts the continuous differential equation into a discrete iterative formula by calculating the weighted average of the slopes of multiple sampling points in each control cycle. For example, for the angle change rate, the angle value at the next moment is obtained by iterative calculation. The conjugate momentum and inertia parameters at the current moment are combined in the calculation, and the control cycle length is considered. At the same time, combined with the optical power error collected in real time, the calculated angle adjustment amount and attenuation adjustment amount are feedback-corrected, and the accuracy of the adjustment amount is ensured by multiple iterative optimizations.

[0050] During the drive execution phase, for angle adjustment, the calculated angle change is converted into a corresponding drive voltage signal based on the electromechanical conversion characteristics of the MEMS angle adjustment mirror. Specifically, the drive voltage is generated through the voltage-angle conversion relationship, controlling the piezoelectric ceramic actuator to achieve precise adjustment of the fiber angle. For attenuation adjustment, the attenuation change is converted into a heating power signal based on the thermo-optical effect of the thermo-optical variable optical attenuator. The heating power is calculated based on the conversion relationship between heating power and attenuation, and the thermo-optical electrode is used to adjust the attenuator's attenuation coefficient. These two types of drive signals are output in parallel through the FPGA, ensuring the synchronization of the adjustment actions of each channel, ultimately achieving coordinated adjustment of the fiber array angle and optical path attenuation.

[0051] By constructing a Hamiltonian function model that integrates fiber angle dynamics, optical power constraints and energy consumption optimization, the real-time angle, attenuation and conjugate momentum of each optical fiber in the fiber array are defined as the system state vector. The state vector is dynamically updated by combining the extended Kalman filter algorithm, and the coordinated regulation law of angle, conjugate momentum and attenuation is derived based on the Hamiltonian canonical equation. Thus, a "angle-power" cross-physical domain coupling optimization mechanism is established at the mathematical level. The elastic restoring force term in the coordinated regulation law is used to suppress angle drift, and the optical power error feedback term is used to correct the attenuation in real time, so that the angle change rate and the attenuation change rate are dynamically correlated through the energy model, realizing the synchronous optimization of optical power balance and angle stability under strong multi-variable coupling.

[0052] The kinetic and potential energy terms in the Hamiltonian function characterize the dynamic characteristics and resilience of angle adjustment. The optical power balance constraint couples attenuation with the target power. The energy consumption control term optimizes attenuator energy consumption. The adaptive gradient descent method updates the Lagrange multiplier, dynamically balancing power accuracy and adjustment energy consumption. Combining the Runge-Kutta method for discretizing the adjustment law and the precise drive of the actuator, this approach can compensate for fluctuations in optical field coupling efficiency caused by fiber angle changes in real time, eliminating the mutual interference between attenuation adjustment and angle offset. This effectively addresses the problem in traditional optical variable attenuator adjustment methods, where adjustment accuracy is limited by the mutual interference between changes in optical field distribution and attenuation control, making it difficult to meet the power balance accuracy requirements of high-speed optical communication systems.

[0053] Please see the attached Figure 2 , a light path variable optical attenuator adjustment system for optical fiber array angle cooperative control, characterized in that: the light path variable optical attenuator adjustment method applied to the above-mentioned optical fiber array angle cooperative control includes:

[0054] Acquisition module: used to obtain the real-time angle and output optical power of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array through the acquisition device;

[0055] Construction module: used to define the system state vector including the angle vector, attenuation vector and conjugate momentum vector of each optical fiber based on the real-time angle and output optical power, construct the Hamiltonian function, and update it;

[0056] Derivation module: used to derive the Hamiltonian function according to the Hamiltonian canonical equation to obtain expressions containing the angle change rate, conjugate momentum change rate, and attenuation change rate of each optical fiber, and then obtain the coordinated regulation law of optical fiber angle, conjugate momentum, and attenuation;

[0057] Calculation module: used to calculate the angle adjustment amount of each optical fiber and the attenuation adjustment amount of the attenuator according to the coordinated adjustment law, and drive the corresponding actuator to perform the adjustment.

[0058] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting a variable optical attenuator for optical fiber array angle coordination, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Acquisition: Acquiring the real-time angle and output optical power of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array through an acquisition device; S2. Construction: Based on the real-time angle and output optical power, define the system state vector including the angle vector, attenuation vector, and conjugate momentum vector of each optical fiber, construct the Hamiltonian function, and update it; S3. Derivation: Derivation of the Hamiltonian function based on the Hamiltonian canonical equation yields expressions for the angle change rate, conjugate momentum change rate, and attenuation change rate of each optical fiber, and further yields the coordinated regulation law for the optical fiber angle, conjugate momentum, and attenuation. S4. Calculation: Calculate the angle adjustment amount of each optical fiber and the attenuation adjustment amount of the attenuator according to the coordinated adjustment law, and drive the corresponding actuator to perform the adjustment.

2. The optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for optical fiber array angle coordinated control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition equipment in S1 includes a fiber Bragg grating sensor and an optical power detector.

3. The optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for optical fiber array angle coordinated control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system state vector x in S2 is [θ T ,α T ,p T ] T , where, θ=[θ1,θ2,...,θ N ] T is the angle vector of each optical fiber, α=[α1,α2,…,α N ] T is the attenuation vector of each attenuator, P=[p1,p2,…,p N ] T is the conjugate momentum vector corresponding to each fiber angle.

4. The optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for optical fiber array angle coordinated control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Hamiltonian function in S2 is in, m i is the inertial parameter of the i-th optical fiber, θ i represents the inclination angle of the ith fiber exit end relative to the normal, α i represents the attenuation coefficient of the attenuator corresponding to the i-th optical fiber, is the kinetic energy term, representing the angle-adjusted dynamic energy, is the potential energy term, representing the elastic potential energy of the angle recovering to the initial position, k i is the elastic coefficient of the i-th optical fiber, is the initial angle of the i-th optical fiber, is the optical power balance constraint term, which is used to make the output optical power close to the target value, λ is the Lagrange multiplier, I i is the incident light intensity of the i-th optical fiber, P target is the target output power, It is the energy consumption control item used to optimize the attenuator energy consumption, and μ is the energy consumption weight coefficient.

5. The optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for optical fiber array angle coordinated control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The updating in S2 includes predicting and updating the system state by using the extended Kalman filter algorithm, and updating the Lagrange multiplier in the Hamiltonian function by using the adaptive gradient descent method. The updating formula is: Among them, γ is the adaptive step size, is the optical power error.

6. The optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for optical fiber array angle coordinated control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Hamiltonian canonical equation in S3 is in, is the rate of change of the system state vector, is the partial derivative of the Hamiltonian function with respect to the conjugate momentum vector, is the rate of change of the conjugate momentum vector, is the negative of the partial derivative of the Hamiltonian function with respect to the angle vector.

7. The optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for optical fiber array angle coordinated control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression in S3 is in, is the angle change rate of the i-th optical fiber, is the ratio of conjugate momentum to inertial parameter, is the rate of change of the conjugate momentum of the i-th fiber, is the elastic restoring force term, is the feedback force term related to the optical power error, light intensity and attenuation coefficient gradient, is the attenuation change rate of the attenuator corresponding to the i-th optical fiber, is the adjustment term related to optical power error and light intensity, -μα i is the energy consumption constraint.

8. The optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for optical fiber array angle coordinated control according to claim 1, characterized in that: When calculating the angle adjustment amount of each optical fiber and the attenuation adjustment amount of the attenuator in S4, the Runge-Kutta method is used to discretize and solve the differential equation in the cooperative adjustment law, and the adjustment amount is iteratively optimized in combination with real-time feedback of the optical power error.

9. The optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for optical fiber array angle coordinated control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment performed in S4 is to convert the angle adjustment amount into a voltage signal for driving the MEMS angle adjustment mirror, convert the attenuation adjustment amount into a heating power signal for controlling the thermo-optical variable optical attenuator, and output the voltage signal and the heating power signal to the corresponding actuator respectively for execution adjustment.

10. An optical path variable attenuator adjustment system for coordinated optical fiber array angle control, characterized by: The optical path variable optical attenuator adjustment method for optical fiber array angle coordinated control according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises: Acquisition module: used to obtain the real-time angle and output optical power of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array through the acquisition device; Construction module: used to define the system state vector including the angle vector, attenuation vector and conjugate momentum vector of each optical fiber based on the real-time angle and output optical power, construct the Hamiltonian function, and update it; Derivation module: used to derive the Hamiltonian function according to the Hamiltonian canonical equation to obtain expressions containing the angle change rate, conjugate momentum change rate, and attenuation change rate of each optical fiber, and then obtain the coordinated regulation law of optical fiber angle, conjugate momentum, and attenuation; Calculation module: used to calculate the angle adjustment amount of each optical fiber and the attenuation adjustment amount of the attenuator according to the coordinated adjustment law, and drive the corresponding actuator to perform the adjustment.

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