Soft information generation method and device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium
By determining the spacing between constellations and generating soft information based on the arrangement order of bit information, the problem of high-order APSK modem high computational complexity is solved, reducing the difficulty of hardware implementation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510491825.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-15
AI Technical Summary
The calculation complexity of the middle and middle APSK modems in the prior art is high, resulting in difficulty in implementing hardware.
By determining the actual complex value of the constellation point and the theoretical complex value of the constellation point spacing, the constellation points are classified as target bits in the order of arrangement of bit information, and soft information is generated based on the value set of target bits and the spacing of constellation points.
It reduces the computational complexity of soft information detection and reduces the computing requirements of the controller, which is suitable for hardware platforms such as FPGA.
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Figure CN120498947A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a method, device, electronic device, and readable storage medium for generating soft information. Background Art
[0002] Currently, when designing modulation constellations suitable for satellite channels, high-order schemes are generally used to minimize fluctuations in the modulated signal envelope. Because high-order circular APSK offers significant advantages over high-order rectangular QAM, circular constellations are typically used, with constellation points distributed throughout. APSK modulation is the preferred method.
[0003] However, high-order APSK inevitably increases the computational complexity of the demodulator. While traditional log-likelihood methods allow the demodulator to output accurate soft information about the bits, the computational complexity of the existing soft information is high, placing higher demands on the demodulator. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a soft information generation method, device, electronic device, and readable storage medium to solve the problem in the prior art that the calculation complexity of the soft information of a bit is high, resulting in high operational requirements for the demodulator.
[0005] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a method for generating soft information, including:
[0006] Determining a constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points and theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points; wherein each constellation point includes a first preset number of sequentially arranged bit information, and a value of each bit information includes a first value and a second value;
[0007] According to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point, the bit information with the same arrangement position of each constellation point is taken as a group of target bits;
[0008] Based on the values of the bit information in each group of target bits, the constellation points corresponding to the bit information are classified to determine a first value set and a second value set for each group of target bits;
[0009] Soft information of each group of target bits is determined based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point.
[0010] A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a soft information generation device, including:
[0011] a first determining module, configured to determine a constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points and theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points; wherein each constellation point includes a first preset number of sequentially arranged bit information, and a value of each bit information includes a first value and a second value;
[0012] a partitioning module, configured to treat the bit information of each constellation point having the same arrangement position as a group of target bits according to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point;
[0013] a classification module, configured to classify the constellation points corresponding to the bit information based on the values of the bit information in each group of target bits, and determine a first value set and a second value set for each group of target bits;
[0014] The second determining module is configured to determine the soft information of each group of target bits based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point.
[0015] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method of the first aspect when executing the computer program.
[0016] A fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method of the first aspect are implemented.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:
[0018] The soft information generation method of the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application can determine the constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on the actual complex values of multiple constellation points and the theoretical complex values of multiple constellation points. Since each constellation point includes a first preset number of sequentially arranged bit information, and the value of each bit information includes a first value and a second value, the embodiment of the present application can treat the bit information with the same arrangement position of each constellation point as a group of target bits according to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point. Then, the embodiment of the present application can classify the constellation points corresponding to the bit information based on the value of the bit information in each group of target bits, and determine the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits. That is, each constellation point can be classified into the first value set or the second value set based on the value of the bit information in each group of target bits, and then the soft information of each group of target bits can be determined based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point. The soft information generation method of the embodiment of the present application reduces the computational complexity of soft information detection, thereby reducing the computational requirements of the demodulator, and is conducive to implementation on hardware platforms such as FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays).
[0019] It can be understood that the beneficial effects of the second to fourth aspects mentioned above can be found in the relevant description of the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or descriptions of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.
[0021] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the first soft information generation method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0022] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a constellation diagram design provided by an embodiment of the present application;
[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a constellation diagram mapped by a constellation mapper provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0024] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of a second method for generating soft information provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of splitting a constellation diagram into five sub-constellations provided by an embodiment of the present application;
[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a system simulation framework provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0027] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a bit error rate curve result provided by an embodiment of the present application;
[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a soft information generation device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
[0029] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and techniques are provided for purposes of illustration rather than limitation to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application may be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to avoid obscuring the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
[0031] It should be understood that when used in the present specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.
[0032] It will also be understood that the term "and / or" used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0033] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" can be interpreted as "when" or "upon" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting," depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" can be interpreted as meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determining" or "upon detection of [described condition or event]" or "in response to detecting [described condition or event]," depending on the context.
[0034] In addition, in the description of the present application specification and the appended claims, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0035] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, phrases such as "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and "in other embodiments" appearing in various places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more but not all embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "including," "comprising," "having," and variations thereof all mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.
[0036] Research has shown that high-order modulation and demodulation technologies have long been a hot topic in wireless communication system research. Satellite channels are nonlinear due to the use of high-power amplifiers and traveling-wave tube amplifiers, so the modulation scheme must maintain a constant envelope or minimize envelope fluctuations. For this reason, PSK modulation is often used in satellite systems. However, with the increase in system capacity and services, spectrum resources are becoming increasingly scarce. To address the limited spectrum resources and the nonlinear characteristics of satellite communication channels, high-order modulation and demodulation technologies combining amplitude and phase shifts are gaining attention.
[0037] Traditional rectangular QAM modulation suffers from significant fluctuations in the modulated signal envelope. After passing through the nonlinear transponders on the satellite, some constellation points stray far from the saturation operating point, resulting in low power efficiency. Furthermore, constellation points operating near the saturation point experience severe nonlinear distortion, which increases the complexity of pre-distortion correction and weakens its effectiveness. Therefore, when designing a modulation constellation suitable for satellite channels, high-order schemes should be used whenever possible to minimize fluctuations in the modulated signal envelope. For this reason, the constellation shape should be circular, making APSK modulation the preferred method. In satellite channels, high-order circular APSK offers significant advantages over high-order rectangular QAM. APSK's favorable envelope characteristics enable its transmission system to achieve a lower peak-to-average ratio, making it suitable for satellite communications with demanding transmit power requirements.
[0038] However, high-order APSK inevitably increases the computational complexity of the demodulator. While traditional log-likelihood methods allow the demodulator to output accurate soft information, the high computational complexity of logarithmic operations is highly detrimental to hardware implementation. Therefore, it is crucial to effectively reduce the computational complexity of the demodulator.
[0039] The soft information generation method, device, electronic device, and readable storage medium provided in this application are intended to solve the above technical problems in the prior art.
[0040] The following is a detailed description of the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments can refer to, draw on, or combine with each other, and the same terms, similar features, and similar implementation steps in different embodiments will not be repeated.
[0041] See also Figure 1 As shown in FIG, the embodiment of the present application provides a flowchart of a first method for generating soft information. Figure 1 As shown, the soft information generation method includes: steps S101 to S104.
[0042] S101. Determine a constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on actual complex values of multiple constellation points and theoretical complex values of multiple constellation points; wherein each constellation point includes a first preset number of sequentially arranged bit information, and the value of each bit information includes a first value and a second value.
[0043] Optionally, the first preset number is 5, and one of the first value and the second value is 0 and 1.
[0044] As an example, multiple constellation points are obtained based on a 32APSK constellation mapping method, and soft information detection is performed to generate soft information. Both the actual complex value and the theoretical complex value are complex numbers.
[0045] In some embodiments, before determining the constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on the actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points and the theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points, the method further includes:
[0046] A constellation mapper is used to map a first preset number of bit information onto a constellation diagram according to a preset mapping rule to obtain theoretical complex values of multiple constellation points on the constellation diagram; the constellation diagram is obtained based on a preset constellation design method;
[0047] Based on the received information transmitted via the channel and sent by the constellation mapper, actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points are obtained.
[0048] The theoretical complex value of the embodiment of the present application is obtained through a mapping rule, and the actual complex value is obtained through the received information sent by the constellation mapper and transmitted through the channel. The information sent by the constellation mapper will be interfered with during the transmission through the channel, so that the theoretical complex value based on the received received information is different from the constellation point.
[0049] In some embodiments, determining the constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points and theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points includes: for each constellation point, performing a complex modulo operation on a difference between the actual complex value and the theoretical complex value to determine the constellation point spacing of the constellation point.
[0050] The constellation point spacing in the embodiment of the present application can be determined by a preset algorithm based on actual complex values and theoretical complex values, so that the constellation point spacing of each constellation point can be obtained.
[0051] S102 : According to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point, the bit information of each constellation point having the same arrangement position is taken as a group of target bits.
[0052] Optionally, each constellation point includes 5 bits of information, namely, b0b1b2b3b4, where each b0 forms a group of target bits, each b1 forms a group of target bits, each b2 forms a group of target bits, each b3 forms a group of target bits, and each b4 forms a group of target bits, corresponding to the distribution of b0, b1, b2, b3, and b4, respectively. In the embodiment of the present application, b0, b1, b2, b3, and b4 represent five groups of target bits, respectively.
[0053] S103 . Based on the values of the bit information in each group of target bits, classify the constellation points corresponding to the bit information, and determine a first value set and a second value set for each group of target bits.
[0054] Specifically, for each group of target bits, each constellation point is classified as a first value set or a second value set to facilitate subsequent calculations.
[0055] S104: Determine soft information of each group of target bits based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point.
[0056] Optionally, the first value set includes multiple constellation points, the second value set corresponds to multiple constellation points, and the soft information of each group of target bits is determined according to the constellation point spacing of each constellation point.
[0057] In some embodiments, determining soft information of each group of target bits based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point includes:
[0058] Determine a maximum constellation point spacing of constellation points in the first value set of each group of target bits as a first constellation point spacing of each group of target bits;
[0059] Determine a maximum constellation point spacing of constellation points in the second value set of each group of target bits as a second constellation point spacing of each group of target bits;
[0060] Soft information of each group of target bits is determined based on a difference between a first constellation point spacing of each group of target bits and a second constellation point spacing of each group of target bits.
[0061] The embodiment of the present application can determine the soft information of each group of target bits based on the difference between the first constellation point spacing of each group of target bits and the second constellation point spacing of each group of target bits, which has lower computational complexity than the classic log-likelihood method.
[0062] Based on the above technical solutions S101 to S104, the soft information generation method of the embodiment of the present application can determine the constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on the actual complex values of the multiple constellation points and the theoretical complex values of the multiple constellation points. Because each constellation point includes a first preset number of sequentially arranged bits, and each bit information value includes a first value and a second value, the embodiment of the present application can use the bits of information with the same arrangement position at each constellation point as a group of target bits according to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point.
[0063] Then, the embodiment of the present application can classify the constellation points corresponding to the bit information based on the value of the bit information in each group of target bits, and determine the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits, that is, each constellation point can be classified into the first value set or the second value set based on the value of the bit information in each group of target bits, and then the soft information of each group of target bits can be determined based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point.
[0064] The soft information generation method of the embodiment of the present application reduces the computational complexity of soft information detection, thereby reducing the computational requirements for the demodulator, and is conducive to implementation on hardware platforms such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
[0065] In some embodiments, before determining the constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on the actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points and the theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points, the method further includes:
[0066] Constructing a second preset number of rings and designing at least two constellation points on each ring to obtain a constellation diagram; wherein the rings are concentric circles, and the number of constellation points increases from the inner ring to the outer ring according to the third preset number;
[0067] Based on the constellation diagram, the constellation points on each ring are arranged according to a preset phase-shift keying method, and the bit information between the constellation points on the same ring is arranged and combined in the form of Gray code to map the constellation points to determine the constellation point set on each ring; the constellation point set is represented by a preset mathematical formula to represent the constellation points on each ring.
[0068] Optionally, the preset phase shift keying mode may be a PSK mode, and the second preset number may be 4. By designing 4 concentric circles, a constellation diagram corresponding to 2+6+10+14-32APSK may be generated.
[0069] In some embodiments, constructing a second preset number of rings and designing at least two constellation points on each ring to obtain a constellation diagram includes:
[0070] Constructing a second preset number of circular rings in such a manner that the distances between the circular rings are equal and the minimum distance between the circular rings is equal to the minimum distance between two constellation points on the first inner circular ring; wherein the number of constellation points in the first inner circular ring is two;
[0071] In such a way that the minimum distances between adjacent constellation points on the same circle are equal, a corresponding number of constellation points are designed on each circle to obtain a constellation diagram.
[0072] The constellation points in the embodiment of the present application are evenly distributed on each circular ring, making full use of the constellation plane and effectively reducing the bit error rate.
[0073] See also Figure 2 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a flowchart for constellation design. Figure 2 As shown in Figure 1, the constellation diagram design construction process includes the following steps:
[0074] S201: Construct a second preset number of circular rings in such a manner that the distances between the circular rings are equal and the minimum distance between the circular rings is equal to the minimum distance between two constellation points on the first inner circular ring; wherein the number of constellation points of the first inner circular ring is two.
[0075] S202 : Design a corresponding number of constellation points on each circular ring in such a manner that the minimum distances between adjacent constellation points on the same circular ring are equal, to obtain a constellation diagram.
[0076] S203. Based on the constellation diagram, the constellation points on each ring are arranged according to a preset phase shift keying method, and the bit information between the constellation points on the same ring is mapped to the constellation points using a Gray code to determine the constellation point set on each ring; the constellation point set is a constellation point on each ring represented by a preset mathematical formula.
[0077] The embodiment of the present application aims to reduce the bit error rate, fully utilize the constellation plane, and increase the minimum Euclidean distance between constellation points. In addition, for power conversion efficiency, the number of constellation points in the outer ring is designed to be greater than the number of constellation points in the inner ring.
[0078] Based on the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present application provides a 2+6+10+14-32APSK constellation mapping arrangement design, including the following steps:
[0079] Step (1): Construct a constellation diagram in a two-dimensional complex plane space consisting of four concentric rings, where the number of constellation points distributed on the four rings from the inner to the outer are 2, 6, 10, and 14 respectively.
[0080] Step (2): The constellation points on each ring are arranged in a PSK manner, and the bit information combination between the constellation points on the same ring is mapped to the constellation points in the form of Gray code.
[0081] Step (3): The distribution characteristics of the constellation diagram must meet three requirements: First, the distances between the rings are equal, that is, d R1,R2 =d R2,R3 =d R3,R4 ; Second, the minimum distance between the rings is equal to the minimum spacing between the constellation points on the first inner circle, that is, d R1,R2 =d R2,R3 =d R3,R4 =2R1; Third, the minimum spacing between constellation points on the same circle is equal.
[0082] Step (4): According to the above-mentioned 2+6+10+14-32APSK constellation design method, the constellation points on each ring can be expressed by the formula:
[0083]
[0084] In the above formula, C1, C2, C3 and C4 represent the sets of constellation points on the inner and outer rings respectively; R1, R2, R3 and R4 represent the radii of the inner and outer rings respectively; i 1,k ,i 2,k ,i 3,k and i 4,k They are respectively represented by the number of constellation points on each circle from the inner to the outer ring; j represents the imaginary unit in the complex number.
[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, a constellation mapper is used to map the input 5-bit information onto a two-dimensional complex plane to obtain a 32APSK baseband complex signal. The 32APSK constellation mapping rules are shown in Table 1 below.
[0086] Table 1 2+6+10+14-32APSK constellation mapping input and output relationship
[0087]
[0088]
[0089]
[0090] Here, i corresponds to j in formula (1), and both are imaginary units in complex numbers.
[0091] See also Figure 3 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a schematic diagram of a constellation diagram mapped by a constellation mapper. Figure 3 As shown, the constellation diagram includes four concentric circles and 32 constellation points, each of which corresponds to 5 bits of information. For example, the 5 bits of information of the two constellation points on the first inner circle are 11100 and 10100 respectively.
[0092] In some embodiments, according to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point, the bit information of the same arrangement position of each constellation point is taken as a group of target bits, including:
[0093] According to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point, based on the constellation diagram and the bit information of each constellation point with the same arrangement position, the sub-constellation diagram corresponding to each group of target bits is determined; wherein the sub-constellation diagram includes the sequence number of each constellation point and the value of the bit information corresponding to each constellation point.
[0094] In this embodiment, a constellation diagram is divided into a first preset number of sub-constellations, where bits of information arranged in the same position are formed into a sub-constellation diagram. The sub-constellations can indicate the sequence number of each constellation point and the value of the bit information corresponding to each constellation point, thereby facilitating the classification of the constellation points.
[0095] In some embodiments, based on the value of the bit information in each group of target bits, the constellation points corresponding to the bit information are classified, and the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits are determined, including: based on each sub-constellation diagram, the constellation points corresponding to the bit information are classified, and the first value set and the second value set are determined; wherein the first value set includes the serial number of the constellation point corresponding to the first value of the bit information, and the second value set includes the serial number of the constellation point corresponding to the second value of the bit information.
[0096] In the embodiment of the present application, the first value set and the second value set may include serial numbers of the constellation points, so as to classify the constellation points and facilitate finding the constellation point spacings of the constellation points based on the serial numbers of the constellation points.
[0097] See also Figure 4 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a flow chart of a second method for generating soft information. Figure 4 As shown, the soft information generation method includes: steps S401 to S404.
[0098] S401. Determine a constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on actual complex values of multiple constellation points and theoretical complex values of multiple constellation points; wherein each constellation point includes a first preset number of sequentially arranged bit information, and the value of each bit information includes a first value and a second value.
[0099] Specifically, the principle of step S401 of the embodiment of the present application is consistent with that of step S101 of the embodiment of the present application, and will not be repeated here.
[0100] S402. Determine a sub-constellation diagram corresponding to each group of target bits according to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point and based on the constellation diagram and the bit information of each constellation point having the same arrangement position; wherein the sub-constellation diagram includes the sequence number of each constellation point and the value of the bit information corresponding to each constellation point.
[0101] Optionally, the constellation point numbers can be represented by 0, 1, 2, ..., 31 to represent the sequence numbers of the 32 constellation points. Furthermore, the value of the bit information corresponding to each constellation point can be represented by solid dots and blank dots. For example, a solid dot represents a point where the bit is "1," and a solid dot represents a point where the bit is "0."
[0102] S403. Based on each sub-constellation diagram, classify the constellation points corresponding to the bit information to determine a first value set and a second value set; wherein the first value set includes the serial numbers of the constellation points corresponding to the first values of the bit information, and the second value set includes the serial numbers of the constellation points corresponding to the second values of the bit information.
[0103] In the embodiment of the present application, all constellation points on each sub-constellation diagram can be classified. Each constellation point in each sub-constellation diagram is represented according to the corresponding bit information, thereby classifying each constellation point based on the bit information. That is, based on each sub-constellation diagram, a set of bits determined to be "0" and a set of bits determined to be "1" are found. For example, the first value set includes the sequence numbers of constellation points corresponding to the bit information value of 0, and the second value set includes the sequence numbers of constellation points corresponding to the bit information value of 1.
[0104] S404: Determine soft information of each group of target bits based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point.
[0105] Specifically, the principle of step S404 of the embodiment of the present application is consistent with that of step S104 of the embodiment of the present application, and will not be repeated here.
[0106] Optionally, the embodiment of the present application can further determine the soft information corresponding to each group of target bits based on the determination of each group of target bits and in combination with the principle of the Log-Max algorithm.
[0107] It should be understood that the size of the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.
[0108] As an example, the present application embodiment provides the steps of a third method for generating soft information. The third method for generating soft information takes a 2+6+10+14-32APSK soft information detection algorithm as an example, and includes the following steps:
[0109] Step (1): First, perform a mathematical operation on the difference between the actual complex value and the theoretical complex value, and then perform a modulus operation to obtain the distance between each actual complex value and the theoretical complex value, which is recorded as P i So we can get:
[0110] P i =|y rx -y i |,i=0,1,2,...,31 (2)
[0111] In the above formula (2), || represents the complex modulus operation, y rx Represents the actual complex value of the constellation point corresponding to the received information, y i represents the theoretical complex value of a constellation point, and i represents the sequence number of the constellation point.
[0112] Step (2): Each signal point on the 2+6+10+14-32APSK constellation diagram contains 5 bits of information, namely b0b1b2b3b4. Therefore, in order to facilitate demapping, the constellation diagram can be split into 5 sub-constellations, corresponding to the distribution of b0, b1, b2, b3, and b4 respectively.
[0113] See also Figure 5 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a schematic diagram of splitting a constellation diagram into 5 sub-constellations. Figure 5 As shown in FIG, each sub-constellation diagram corresponds to a set of target bits, the solid black dots represent the points where the bits are “1”, and the blank dots represent the points where the bits are “0”.
[0114] Step 203: See Figure 5 As shown, according to the distribution of constellation points in the sub-constellation corresponding to each bit information, the bit information set judged as "0" and the bit information set judged as "1" are found, and the bit information set judged as "0" is recorded as the first value set The bit information set determined to be "0" is recorded as the second value set Where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, b0, b1, b2, b3, b4 represent five groups of target bits respectively.
[0115] The sets of bits b0 judged as "0" and "1" are:
[0116]
[0117] The sets of bits b1 determined to be "0" and "1" are:
[0118]
[0119] The sets of bits b2 determined to be "0" and "1" are:
[0120]
[0121] The sets of bits b3 determined to be "0" and "1" are:
[0122]
[0123] The sets of bits b4 determined to be "0" and "1" are:
[0124]
[0125] The numbers in the brackets {} in the above formulas (3) to (12) represent the serial numbers corresponding to the constellation points.
[0126] Step (3): Based on the information determination of each bit obtained in step 203, the soft information of each bit can be obtained using the Log-Max algorithm principle. The specific calculation is as follows.
[0127] The traditional LLR calculation method log-likelihood ratio is defined as:
[0128]
[0129] in, represents the probability of a bit being 0, represents the probability that a bit is 1, further represented by log∑ i x i ≈max i logx i Simplify the above formula (13) and derive
[0130]
[0131] Finally, the soft information of each group of target bits is calculated using the above formula (14), which is:
[0132] The calculation formula of the soft information of bit b0 can be expressed as:
[0133]
[0134] The calculation formula of the soft information of bit b1 can be expressed as:
[0135]
[0136] The calculation formula of the soft information of bit b2 can be expressed as:
[0137]
[0138] The calculation formula of the soft information of bit b3 can be expressed as:
[0139]
[0140] The calculation formula of the soft information of bit b4 can be expressed as:
[0141]
[0142] The present invention not only provides a new 32APSK constellation mapping method, but also performs soft information detection and generates soft information. Compared with the classic log-likelihood method, the soft information generation method has lower computational complexity and is more suitable for implementation on FPGA hardware platforms.
[0143] The embodiment of the present application can provide a 2+6+10+14-32APSK constellation mapping design and its soft information detection algorithm, which belongs to the field of high-order modulation and demodulation technology in wireless digital communication systems, and has extremely broad application prospects in the fields of high-speed satellite communications and long-distance large-capacity transmission.
[0144] In some embodiments, after determining the soft information of each group of target bits, the method further includes: sending the soft information of each group of target bits to a decoding module, so that the decoding module outputs a bit stream based on the soft information of each group of target bits.
[0145] See also Figure 6 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a schematic diagram of a system simulation framework. Figure 6 As shown, to further illustrate the embodiment of the present application, the algorithm proposed in the embodiment of the present application is simulated in Matlab under AWGN channel conditions. First, a random bit stream needs to be generated, and the input bit stream is sent to the LDPC encoding module; after passing through the LDPC encoding module, the output bit stream is sent to the 32APSK constellation mapping module; the 32APSK constellation mapping module performs constellation mapping according to every 5 bits to obtain the complex form of 32APSK constellation mapping modulation symbols; then, the complex form of 32APSK modulation symbols passes through the AWGN channel; the 32APSK modulation symbols after the introduction of Gaussian white noise are sent to the 32APSK soft information detection module to output soft information; finally, the soft information is sent to the LDPC decoding module to output the bit stream. The error detection module is used to calculate the bit error rate through the AWGN channel under different bit signal-to-noise ratios.
[0146] The Matlab simulation parameters are set as follows: the radius of each ring is R1=1, R2=3, R3=5, and R4=7; the code rate of the LDPC code is 3 / 4, and the code type is (3024, 2268); and the value range of the bit signal-to-noise ratio EbN0 is 0-18.
[0147] See also Figure 7 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a schematic diagram of the bit error rate curve results. Among them, BER is used to represent the bit error probability, and EbN0 is used to represent the ratio of the energy required by the communication system to transmit one bit of information to the noise power spectrum density. Digital communication systems often use this method to measure the performance of the communication system. Figure 7 From the simulation results shown, it can be seen that the 2+6+10+14-32APSK algorithm proposed in the embodiment of the present application combined with the LDPC coding with a code rate of 3 / 4 can provide a gain of about 6.2dB, has good error correction performance, and improves the bit error rate.
[0148] In summary, the embodiments of the present application provide a novel 32APSK constellation mapping scheme. Furthermore, they implement soft information detection for the proposed 32APSK constellation mapping scheme. Compared to traditional log-likelihood ratio acquisition methods, this soft information detection method is less complex, effectively reducing the difficulty of hardware implementation. Furthermore, in satellite communication channels, 32APSK modulation exhibits better nonlinearity resistance than 32QAM modulation, due to its lower peak-to-average ratio (PAR).
[0149] See also Figure 8 As shown in FIG, a schematic diagram of the structure of a soft information generating device 80 is provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 As shown, the soft information generating device 80 includes: a first determining module 801 , a dividing module 802 , a classifying module 803 and a second determining module 804 .
[0150] The first determination module 801 is configured to determine the constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points and theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points. Each constellation point includes a first preset number of sequentially arranged bits of information, and the value of each bit of information includes a first value and a second value.
[0151] The division module 802 is configured to take the bit information of each constellation point having the same arrangement position as a group of target bits according to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point.
[0152] The classification module 803 is configured to classify the constellation points corresponding to the bit information based on the values of the bit information in each group of target bits, and determine a first value set and a second value set for each group of target bits.
[0153] The second determining module 804 is configured to determine the soft information of each group of target bits based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point.
[0154] Optionally, the first determination module 801 is used to use a constellation mapper to map a first preset number of bit information onto a constellation diagram according to a preset mapping rule to obtain theoretical complex values of multiple constellation points on the constellation diagram; the constellation diagram is obtained based on a preset constellation design method; and based on the received information transmitted by the constellation mapper through the channel, the actual complex values of the multiple constellation points are obtained.
[0155] Optionally, the first determining module 801 is configured to perform a complex modulo operation on a difference between an actual complex value and a theoretical complex value for each constellation point, to determine a constellation point spacing of the constellation points.
[0156] Optionally, the second determination module 804 is used to determine the maximum value of the constellation point spacing of the constellation points within the first value set of each group of target bits, as the first constellation point spacing of each group of target bits; determine the maximum value of the constellation point spacing of the constellation points within the second value set of each group of target bits, as the second constellation point spacing of each group of target bits; and determine the soft information of each group of target bits based on the difference between the first constellation point spacing of each group of target bits and the second constellation point spacing of each group of target bits.
[0157] Optionally, the soft information generating device 80 further includes: a constellation construction module, the constellation construction module is used to construct a second preset number of rings, and design at least two constellation points on each ring to obtain a constellation diagram; wherein the rings are concentric circles, and the number of constellation points increases from the inner ring to the outer ring according to a third preset number; based on the constellation diagram, the constellation points on each ring are arranged according to a preset phase shift keying method, and the arrangement and combination of the bit information between the constellation points on the same ring are mapped to the constellation points in the form of Gray code to determine the constellation point set on each ring; the constellation point set is a constellation point on each ring represented by a preset mathematical formula.
[0158] Optionally, the constellation construction module is further used to construct a second preset number of rings in a manner that the distances between the rings are equal and the minimum distance between the rings is equal to the minimum distance between two constellation points on the first inner ring; wherein the number of constellation points of the first inner ring is two; and in a manner that the minimum distances between adjacent constellation points on the same ring are equal, a corresponding number of constellation points are designed on each ring to obtain a constellation diagram.
[0159] Optionally, the division module 802 is used to determine the sub-constellation diagram corresponding to each group of target bits according to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point, based on the constellation diagram and the bit information with the same arrangement position of each constellation point; wherein the sub-constellation diagram includes the serial number of each constellation point and the value of the bit information corresponding to each constellation point.
[0160] Optionally, the classification module 803 is used to classify the constellation points corresponding to the bit information based on each sub-constellation diagram, and determine a first value set and a second value set; wherein the first value set includes the serial numbers of the constellation points corresponding to the first values of the bit information, and the second value set includes the serial numbers of the constellation points corresponding to the second values of the bit information.
[0161] Optionally, the soft information generating device 80 further includes: a sending module, configured to send the soft information of each group of target bits to the decoding module, so that the decoding module outputs a bit stream based on the soft information of each group of target bits.
[0162] The device of the embodiment of the present application can execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, and its implementation principle is similar. The actions performed by each module in the device of each embodiment of the present application correspond to the steps in the method of each embodiment of the present application. For the detailed functional description of each module of the device, please refer to the description in the corresponding method shown in the previous text, and will not be repeated here.
[0163] An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method of the embodiment of the present application are implemented.
[0164] See also Figure 9 As shown, the present application provides a structural diagram of an electronic device 90. Figure 9 As shown, the electronic device 9 of this embodiment includes: at least one processor 90 ( Figure 9 Only one is shown in the figure) a processor, a memory 91, and a computer program 92 stored in the memory 91 and executable on at least one processor 90. When the processor 90 executes the computer program 92, the steps of any of the above-mentioned method embodiments of the present application are implemented.
[0165] The electronic device 9 may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, or a cloud server. The electronic device 9 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 90 and a memory 91. Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 9 This is merely an example of the electronic device 9 and does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device 9 . The electronic device 9 may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or a combination of certain components, or different components. For example, the electronic device 9 may also include input and output devices, network access devices, etc.
[0166] The processor 90 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.
[0167] In some embodiments, the memory 91 may be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 9, such as a hard disk or memory of the electronic device 9. In other embodiments, the memory 91 may also be an external storage device of the electronic device 9, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash memory card, etc. equipped on the electronic device 9. Furthermore, the memory 91 may include both an internal storage unit of the electronic device 9 and an external storage device. The memory 91 is used to store an operating system, application programs, a boot loader, data, and other programs, such as the program code of a computer program. The memory 91 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is about to be output.
[0168] It should be noted that the information interaction, execution process, etc. between the above-mentioned devices / units are based on the same concept as the method embodiment of this application. Their specific functions and technical effects can be found in the method embodiment section and will not be repeated here.
[0169] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example for illustration. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be distributed and completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiment can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above-mentioned system can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
[0170] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments are implemented.
[0171] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal can implement the steps in the above-mentioned various method embodiments when executing the computer program product.
[0172] If the above-mentioned integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present application implements all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method, which can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The above-mentioned computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, can implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments. Among them, the above-mentioned computer program includes computer program code, and the above-mentioned computer program code can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The above-mentioned computer-readable medium may include at least: any entity or device that can carry the computer program code to the device / terminal device, a recording medium, a computer memory, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), a random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), an electric carrier signal, a telecommunication signal and a software distribution medium. For example, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk or an optical disk.
[0173] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant description of other embodiments.
[0174] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
[0175] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / network equipment and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / network equipment embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the above modules or units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
[0176] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
[0177] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present application.
Claims
1. A soft information generation method, characterized in that: include: Determining a constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on actual complex values of a plurality of constellation points and theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points; wherein each constellation point includes a first preset number of sequentially arranged bit information, and a value of each bit information includes a first value and a second value; According to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point, the bit information having the same arrangement position of each constellation point is taken as a group of target bits; Based on the values of the bit information in each group of the target bits, classifying the constellation points corresponding to the bit information, and determining a first value set and a second value set for each group of the target bits; Soft information of each group of target bits is determined based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point.
2. The soft information generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining a constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points and theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points includes: For each of the constellation points, a complex modulo operation is performed on a difference between the actual complex value and the theoretical complex value to determine a constellation point spacing of the constellation point.
3. The soft information generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before determining the constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on the actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points and the theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points, the method further includes: Constructing a second preset number of circular rings and designing at least two constellation points on each of the circular rings to obtain a constellation diagram; wherein the circular rings are concentric circles, and the number of the constellation points increases sequentially from the inner ring to the outer ring according to the third preset number; Based on the constellation diagram, the constellation points on each of the circular rings are arranged according to a preset phase shift keying method, and the arrangement and combination of bit information between the constellation points on the same circular ring are used to perform constellation point mapping in the form of Gray code to determine the constellation point set on each of the circular rings; the constellation point set is obtained by expressing the constellation points on each of the circular rings using a preset mathematical formula.
4. The soft information generation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Constructing a second preset number of circular rings and designing at least two constellation points on each of the circular rings to obtain a constellation diagram, including: Constructing a second preset number of circular rings in such a manner that the distances between the circular rings are equal and the minimum distance between the circular rings is equal to the minimum distance between two constellation points on the first inner circular ring; wherein the number of constellation points in the first inner circular ring is two; In such a manner that the minimum distances between adjacent constellation points on the same circular ring are equal, a corresponding number of constellation points are designed on each circular ring to obtain a constellation diagram.
5. The soft information generation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: According to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point, the bit information of the same arrangement position of each constellation point is taken as a group of target bits, including: Determining, according to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point, a sub-constellation diagram corresponding to each group of the target bits based on the constellation diagram and the bit information of each constellation point having the same arrangement position; wherein the sub-constellation diagram includes the sequence number of each constellation point and the value of the bit information corresponding to each constellation point; Classifying constellation points corresponding to the bit information based on values of the bit information in each group of the target bits, and determining a first value set and a second value set for each group of the target bits, including: Based on each of the sub-constellation diagrams, the constellation points corresponding to the bit information are classified to determine a first value set and a second value set; wherein the first value set includes the serial numbers of the constellation points corresponding to the first values of the bit information, and the second value set includes the serial numbers of the constellation points corresponding to the second values of the bit information.
6. The soft information generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before determining the constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on the actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points and the theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points, the method further includes: Using a constellation mapper to map a first preset number of bit information onto a constellation diagram according to a preset mapping rule, thereby obtaining theoretical complex values of a plurality of constellation points on the constellation diagram; the constellation diagram is obtained based on a preset constellation design method; Based on the received information transmitted by the constellation mapper via the channel, actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points are obtained.
7. The soft information generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the soft information of each group of target bits based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point includes: determining a maximum constellation point spacing of constellation points in the first value set of each group of target bits as a first constellation point spacing of each group of target bits; determining a maximum constellation point spacing of constellation points in the second value set of each group of target bits as a second constellation point spacing of each group of target bits; Soft information of each group of target bits is determined based on a difference between the first constellation point spacing of each group of target bits and the second constellation point spacing of each group of target bits.
8. A soft information generating device, characterized in that: include: a first determining module, configured to determine a constellation point spacing of each constellation point based on actual complex values of the plurality of constellation points and theoretical complex values of the plurality of constellation points; wherein each constellation point includes a first preset number of sequentially arranged bit information, and a value of each bit information includes a first value and a second value; a dividing module, configured to take, according to the arrangement order of the bit information of each constellation point, the bit information having the same arrangement position of each constellation point as a group of target bits; a classification module, configured to classify the constellation points corresponding to the bit information based on the values of the bit information in each group of the target bits, and determine a first value set and a second value set for each group of the target bits; The second determining module is configured to determine the soft information of each group of target bits based on the first value set and the second value set of each group of target bits and the constellation point spacing of each constellation point.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.