Ecological planting method for intercropping sweet potatoes with light leaves in citrus orchard and application of ecological planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological planting, in particular to an ecological planting method for intercropping sweet potatoes with light leaves in a citrus orchard and application of the ecological planting method. The ecological planting method for intercropping the sweet potatoes in the citrus orchard comprises the following steps: (1) sowing seeds of the sweet potatoes in the citrus orchard in late October; (2) applying a compound fertilizer in a seedling emergence period and / or a branching period of the sweet potatoes; (3) after the sweet potato plants wither, naturally decomposing the sweet potato plants; the seeds falling into the soil naturally grow. According to the ecological planting method, the nutrient content of the soil of the citrus orchard can be improved, the soil fertility is improved, the stability of the ecological environment of the orchard can be promoted, and the yield and quality of citrus are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological planting, and in particular to an ecological planting method for intercropping glossy purple vetch in a citrus orchard and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Citrus production in Sichuan has been increasing in recent years, but large areas of citrus orchards remain exposed and fallow for over six months, severely wasting light and heat resources while hindering soil moisture and nutrient retention, impacting both the quality of the fruit and the orchard's ecological environment. Leguminous forages are both a high-quality feed source for animals and an important green manure crop. Different leguminous forages have varying effects on citrus orchards. There is an urgent need to develop ecological cultivation methods that can both improve soil nutrients and yields in citrus orchards, thereby boosting the orchard's economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological planting method that can improve the nutrient content of the soil in a citrus orchard and increase the yield of citrus, and in particular to an ecological planting method for intercropping glossy purple vetch in a citrus orchard and its application.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides an ecological planting method for intercropping Vetch in a citrus orchard, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) In late October, sow the seeds of Vitis glabra in the citrus orchard;

[0007] (2) Apply compound fertilizer during the seedling and / or branching stage of Vitis glabra;

[0008] (3) After the glossy-leaved vetch plant withers, it decomposes naturally; the seeds that fall into the soil grow naturally. Preferably, the sowing method in step (1) is broadcast sowing or row sowing;

[0009] No seeds will be sown within a radius of 0.5 to 0.8 m from the vertical projection of the citrus tree crown;

[0010] The furrow depth during row sowing is 2 to 3 cm, and the row spacing is 20 to 30 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the seed amount used during sowing in step (1) is 3 to 5 kg / mu.

[0012] Preferably, the compound fertilizer in step (2) is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:15;

[0013] The application amount of compound fertilizer is 10-15kg / mu / time.

[0014] The present invention also provides the application of the ecological planting method in improving the nutrient content of soil in a citrus orchard;

[0015] The soil nutrients include organic matter, available phosphorus and fast-acting potassium.

[0016] The present invention also provides the application of the ecological planting method in improving the activity of soil enzymes in citrus orchards;

[0017] The soil enzymes include cellulase and urease.

[0018] The present invention also provides application of the ecological planting method in reducing the lead content in soil of a citrus orchard.

[0019] The present invention also provides the application of the ecological planting method in improving the yield and / or quality of citrus.

[0020] The present invention provides an ecological planting method for intercropping glossy purple vetch in a citrus orchard and its application. The ecological planting method for intercropping glossy purple vetch in a citrus orchard of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) sowing glossy purple vetch seeds in the citrus orchard in late October; (2) applying compound fertilizer during the seedling emergence and / or branching stage of the glossy purple vetch; (3) after the glossy purple vetch plants wither, they decompose naturally; the seeds that fall into the soil grow naturally. The ecological planting method of the present invention can not only improve the nutrient content of the soil in the citrus orchard and increase soil fertility, but also promote the stability of the orchard's ecological environment and improve the yield and quality of citrus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The composition of bacteria in soils with different treatments;

[0022] Figure 2 is the bacterial diversity index in the soil under different treatments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention provides an ecological planting method for intercropping Vetch in a citrus orchard, comprising the following steps:

[0024] (1) In late October, sow the seeds of Vitis glabra in the citrus orchard;

[0025] (2) Apply compound fertilizer during the seedling and / or branching stage of Vitis glabra;

[0026] (3) After the glossy-leaved vetch plant withers, it decomposes naturally; the seeds that fall into the soil grow naturally. In the present invention, the sowing method in step (1) is broadcast sowing or row sowing;

[0027] No seeds will be sown within a radius of 0.5 to 0.8 m from the vertical projection of the citrus tree crown;

[0028] The furrow depth during row sowing is 2 to 3 cm, preferably 2.5 cm, and the row spacing during row sowing is 20 to 30 cm, preferably 25 cm.

[0029] In the present invention, the seed amount used during sowing in step (1) is 3-5 kg / mu, preferably 4 kg / mu.

[0030] In the present invention, the compound fertilizer in step (2) is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:15;

[0031] The application amount of compound fertilizer is 10-15 kg / mu / time, preferably 12 kg / mu / time.

[0032] The present invention also provides the application of the ecological planting method in improving the nutrient content of soil in a citrus orchard;

[0033] The soil nutrients include organic matter, available phosphorus and fast-acting potassium.

[0034] The present invention also provides the application of the ecological planting method in improving the activity of soil enzymes in citrus orchards;

[0035] The soil enzymes include cellulase and urease.

[0036] The present invention also provides application of the ecological planting method in reducing the lead content in soil of a citrus orchard.

[0037] The present invention also provides the application of the ecological planting method in improving the yield and / or quality of citrus.

[0038] The solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The citrus orchard described in the embodiments of the present invention is located in Shuangshi Village, Qinglian Town, Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province, covering an area of 20 mu. The citrus varieties in the orchard are Chunjian Papagan, with trees aged four years, and a row spacing of 3 meters and a plant spacing of 2.6 meters. The orchard soil is yellow clay with a low organic matter content. Soil nutrient analysis results showed a pH of 5.67, 12.58 g / kg organic matter, 117.98 mg / kg available phosphorus, and 316.81 mg / kg available potassium.

[0040] The climatic conditions in Shuangshi Village, Qinglian Town, Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province are: an average annual temperature of 16-18°C, an annual precipitation of 800-1200 mm, an altitude of no more than 1500 m, and a frost-free period of at least 280 days. The present invention was tested in 2023-2024, with an average temperature of 16°C, an annual precipitation of 1000 mm, an altitude of 550 m, and a frost-free period of 290 days.

[0041] The Vetch glabra described in the embodiments of the present invention is sourced from the Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] The experiment adopted a single-factor randomized block design. The experimental plot was divided into three treatment groups: the glossy-leaved vetch group, the clean tillage group (CK1) and the natural grass group (CK2). Each treatment group was replicated three times.

[0044] Select seeds of glossy sweet potato with full grains and no diseases and insect pests, dry them for 2 days, and sow them on October 25. The sowing method is broadcasting with a sowing depth of 2 cm. Do not sow within a radius of 0.5 m from the vertical projection of the citrus tree crown, and the sowing amount is 4 kg / mu.

[0045] After sowing, water promptly to keep the soil moist to promote seed germination. During the growing season, water promptly based on weather conditions and soil moisture levels, maintaining a soil moisture content of 60% to 70%. Increase watering frequency during droughts, and drain any water from the orchard during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging and root rot.

[0046] When the glossy-leaved purple vetch just emerges, apply 15 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium ratio of 15:15:15).

[0047] The glossy-leaved purple vetch plant grows and bears fruit naturally, and the seeds that fall naturally into the orchard soil will germinate and grow again in autumn.

[0048] CK1 manually weeds to ensure there is no vegetation under the orchard trees, and no sowing is carried out.

[0049] The CK2 group did not sow or weed, and allowed the weeds under the orchard to grow naturally.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] The sowing time, seedling emergence time, and the appearance time of each phenological phase of the Vitis glabra group were recorded. After the plots were established, the natural height of the plants in each plot was measured five times with a tape measure, and the average height and plant height (vertical height) were calculated. In April 2024, the plant colony height, cover, soil temperature, and humidity in each treatment were investigated. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0052] Table 1 Observation results of the phenological period of Vetchling vetch growing in citrus orchards

[0053]

[0054] Table 2 Plant growth and soil temperature and humidity in citrus orchards of different groups

[0055]

[0056] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences.

[0057] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, V. glossyii grows well in the citrus orchard and can complete its entire growth period normally. In April 2024, the plant height (vertical height), community height, cover, soil moisture and temperature of the V. glossyii group were investigated in the orchard. The results showed that V. glossyii can grow to 254.44 cm; the natural grass group CK2, mainly including Oxalis, Wild Chrysanthemum, Cynanchum, Alternanthera philoxeroides, etc., has an average height of 25.6 cm, and the community height of V. glossyii is 51.5 cm. The vegetation cover of the V. glossyii group is higher than that of the CK2 group. The soil temperature of the V. glossyii group is lower than that of the CK1 and CK2 groups, and the soil moisture of the V. glossyii group is greater than that of the CK1 and CK2 groups.

[0058] It can be seen that the glossy-leaved purple vetch can suppress weeds and effectively ensure that the orchard soil is at a good and stable temperature and humidity.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] During the peak flowering period of the glossy-leaved vetch, grass samples (1 x 1 m) were cut 5 to 10 cm above the ground. The fresh weight of the plants in the small plots was measured and dried to a constant weight. The grass samples were then ground into powder and the contents of crude protein, crude fat, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ash were determined. Crude protein was determined using the Kjeldahl method; fiber was determined using sulfuric acid digestion; crude fat was determined using Soxhlet extraction; and crude ash was determined using the dry pot heating method. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0061] Table 3 Yield and nutritional analysis of Vetch

[0062]

[0063] Table 3 shows that the fresh grass yield of the tested Vitis glabra is 1963.61 kg / mu, and the content of various nutrients is high after drying.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] Soil samples were collected from each experimental group at a depth of 0–20 cm during the peak flowering period of the glaucoma vetch using the five-point mixed sampling method. The samples were shade-dried and sieved. Soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, and available potassium were measured in each plot. pH was determined using a pH meter, organic matter using the potassium dichromate external heating method, available phosphorus using the molybdenum antimony colorimetric method, and available potassium using a flame photometer. The results are shown in Table 4. "Before treatment" refers to the period before planting.

[0066] Table 4 Soil nutrient content under different treatments

[0067]

[0068] Table 4 shows that planting V. glabra increased soil pH by 3.17%, organic matter by 8.1%, available phosphorus by 56.72% (p < 0.05), and available potassium by 39.2% (p < 0.05). All parameters in the CK1 group, which was treated with clear tillage, decreased compared to pre-planting levels, but the differences were not significant. The naturally grassed CK2 group also saw increases in available phosphorus and available potassium, with increases of 21.57% (p < 0.05) and 31.84% (p < 0.05), respectively, compared to pre-planting levels. However, these increases were less than those observed in the V. glabra group. This suggests that V. glabra can significantly improve the nutrient content of citrus orchard soils.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] Soil samples were collected from the 0-20 cm depth of each experimental group during the peak flowering period of the glabra (Vaccinium glaucum) using the five-point method. The samples were then shade-dried and sieved. The total lead content in the soil samples from each plot was determined. The results are shown in Table 5. "Before treatment" refers to the period before planting. Lead content was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

[0071] Table 5 Effects of different treatments on lead content in citrus orchard soil

[0072] Group Total lead content mg / kg Before treatment 30.340 Glossy-leaved Vetch Group 27.965 CK1 30.619 CK2 31.245

[0073] Table 5 shows that the lead content in the soil of the Vitis glabra group decreased by 7.83% compared to the pre-treatment period, while the lead content in the soil of the clean tillage group CK1 and the natural grass group CK2 increased compared to the pre-treatment period. This indicates that Vitis glabra can significantly reduce the lead content in citrus orchards.

[0074] Example 6

[0075] Soil enzymes are active substances secreted by plant roots and their residues, soil animals and their remains, and microorganisms. They are among the most active organic components in soil and are crucial for soil metabolism. Soil invertase and urease are bioactive indicators that characterize the cycling of nutrients like C and N in the soil and soil properties. They have been used to evaluate the cycling of soil nutrients and the effectiveness of various agricultural practices and fertilizer applications.

[0076] Soil samples were collected from the 0-20 cm depth of each experimental group during the peak flowering period of the glabra (Vetch) stalk. The samples were mixed and sampled using the five-point method. The samples were shade-dried and sieved. Cellulase and urease levels in the soil samples from each plot were determined. The results are shown in Table 6. "Before treatment" refers to the period before planting. Cellulase was determined using the dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method; urease was determined using the indophenol blue colorimetric method.

[0077] Table 6 Effects of different treatments on enzyme activities in citrus orchard soil

[0078] Group Cellulase mg / g Urease mg / g Before treatment 0.5367±0.043a 0.296±0.0085bc Glossy-leaved Vetch Group 0.562±0.030a 0.338±0.60ab CK1 0.355±0.050b 0.243±0.005bc CK2 0.458±0.103b 0.232±0.011bc

[0079] Table 6 shows that after planting V. glabra in citrus orchards, soil urease activity increased by 14.19% (p < 0.05) and cellulase activity increased by 4.71%. Soil cellulase and urease activities were higher in the CK1 group (clear tillage) and the CK2 group (natural grass growth). This suggests that V. glabra can significantly increase cellulase and urease activities in citrus orchards.

[0080] Example 7

[0081] Soil samples from each experimental group were collected at 0-20 cm depth during the flowering period of the glossy-leaved vetch. The five-point method was used for mixed sampling. Plant debris, gravel, and other impurities were removed after mixing. To prevent sample contamination, soil samples were disinfected with 75% alcohol before and after each sampling. The samples were placed in sterile bags and brought back to the laboratory in an ice box. They were stored in a -80°C refrigerator for soil microbial DNA extraction and subsequent analysis. Soil bacterial diversity was detected using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology. The results are shown in Figure 2. Figures 1-2 shown.

[0082] Figures 1-2 It showed that the bacterial composition in the soil of the citrus orchard treated with V. glabra was more than that in other treatments.

[0083] Example 8

[0084] By 2023, the citrus orchard, using glossy purple vetch, reduced herbicide use, saving 15 yuan per mu (approximately 1.5 acres) in herbicide and manual weeding costs. The orchard also produced 90 kg of seed per mu (approximately 1.5 acres) of seed. At 50 yuan per kg, this yielded a profit of 4,500 yuan per mu (approximately 1.5 acres). The main costs for glossy purple vetch include seed, fertilizer, and labor management. The production cost is 850 yuan, resulting in a profit of 3,650 yuan per mu (approximately 1.5 acres).

[0085] The yield of citrus treated with glossy purple vetch in 2023 was 2868 kg / mu, which was 22.9% higher than the yield of 2334 kg / mu of CK1 citrus in clean tillage, and 42.69% higher than the yield of 2010 kg / mu of CK2 citrus in natural grass growth.

[0086] Example 9

[0087] Citrus fruits from the glossy vetch-treated group, the clean-tillage group, and the natural grass-grown group were peeled, the pulp removed, and then blended. The juice was extracted using a juicer and filtered through a double layer of gauze to remove residue. The sweetness of the fruits from each group was measured using a refractometer. The total acid content of each group was determined by acid-base titration, and the sugar-acid ratio was calculated. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0088] Table 7 Quality of citrus grown in different groups

[0089] Group Sweetness / °Brix Total acid / g / 100mL Sugar-acid ratio Glossy-leaved Vetch Group 16.5 0.80 20.65:1 CK1 12.5 0.95 13.16:1 CK2 11.5 0.85 13.53:1

[0090] The sugar-acid ratio of the citrus grown with Vetchlingia glossyii is 20.65:1, and the flavor is sweet and slightly sour, with a strong flavor. It is sweeter and has a better flavor than the citrus grown with clean tillage and natural grass.

[0091] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides an ecological planting method and application of intercropping Vitis glabra in a citrus orchard. The ecological planting method of intercropping Vitis glabra in a citrus orchard of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) sowing Vitis glabra seeds in the citrus orchard in late October; (2) applying compound fertilizer during the emergence and / or branching period of Vitis glabra; (3) after the Vitis glabra plants wither, they decompose naturally; the seeds that fall into the soil grow naturally. The ecological planting method of the present invention can not only improve the nutrient content of the soil in the citrus orchard and increase soil fertility, but also promote the stability of the orchard ecological environment and improve the yield and quality of citrus.

[0092] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological planting method for intercropping Vetch in a citrus orchard, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) In late October, sow the seeds of Vitis glabra in the citrus orchard; (2) Apply compound fertilizer during the seedling and / or branching stage of Vitis glabra; (3) After the Vitis glabra plant withers, it will decompose naturally; the seeds that fall into the soil will grow naturally.

2. The ecological planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing method in step (1) is broadcast sowing or drill sowing; No seeds will be sown within a radius of 0.5 to 0.8 m from the vertical projection of the citrus tree crown; The furrow depth during row sowing is 2 to 3 cm, and the row spacing is 20 to 30 cm.

3. The ecological planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seed amount used during sowing in step (1) is 3 to 5 kg / mu.

4. The ecological planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer in step (2) is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 15:15:15; The application amount of compound fertilizer is 10-15kg / mu / time.

5. Use of the ecological planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in improving the nutrient content of soil in a citrus orchard; The soil nutrients include organic matter, available phosphorus and fast-acting potassium.

6. Use of the ecological planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in improving the activity of soil enzymes in citrus orchards; The soil enzymes include cellulase and urease.

7. Use of the ecological planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in reducing the lead content in citrus orchard soil.

8. Use of the ecological planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in improving the yield and / or quality of citrus.

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