Lathe bed structure of turning and milling composite numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing machine tools, in particular to a lathe bed structure of a turn-milling composite numerical control machine tool, which comprises a rack and a virtual shaft assembly arranged on the rack, and the virtual shaft assembly comprises a Z-axis sliding seat connected to one side of the rack in a sliding manner; the Y-axis sliding seat is connected to the Z-axis sliding seat in a sliding manner; the X-axis sliding seat is connected to the Y-axis sliding seat in a sliding manner; the Z-axis sliding seat is obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane of the rack; the Y-axis sliding seat comprises a base connected to the Z-axis sliding seat in a sliding mode and an inclined seat fixed to the base, and the inclined seat is arranged in an inclined mode relative to the base. The equipment can dynamically adjust the cutting angle of a cutter through space shaft linkage, interference is avoided, and the machining efficiency of a complex curved surface is improved; during machining, cutting force can be dispersed, load of a driving part is reduced, equipment rigidity and machining stability are enhanced, machining quality is remarkably improved, and the service life of equipment is remarkably prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing machine tools, in particular to a bed structure of a turning-milling compound CNC machine tool. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern manufacturing, component designs are becoming increasingly complex, and the demands on machine tool processing accuracy and production efficiency are continuously rising. Early machining machines required frequent transfer of workpieces between multiple devices, such as lathes and milling machines, and each transfer required re-clamping and repositioning. This process was not only time-consuming and increased production support time, but also the multiple clamping steps easily introduced positioning errors, seriously affecting processing accuracy.

[0003] These traditional single-function lathes and milling machines are no longer able to meet the current diverse and difficult processing needs. This dilemma has prompted the industry to actively explore more comprehensive and efficient processing solutions. The turning and milling compound lathe came into being in this context. For example, the existing technology "turning and milling compound machine tool" (publication number: CN110449903A) is equipped with a turning tool and a milling cutter on the same machine through a power turret device, which can turn and mill the processed parts in sequence. At the same time, according to the processing requirements of the parts, a fixed spindle device or a dynamic spindle device can be selected to clamp the parts, and the tool feed can be driven by the turret moving device, or the parts can be driven by auxiliary feeding when the dynamic spindle device is clamped, so as to adapt to the processing requirements of various shapes, patterns and sizes of parts. However, the existing technology still has the following technical problems: The turret of the machine tool of the prior art has only three basic orthogonal movement directions, namely the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, which correspond to the radial direction, vertical direction and horizontal direction respectively. Due to the various structural shapes of parts, there may also be special processing requirements for parts with special structures, such as curved surface processing, spiral processing, etc., and the machine tools of the prior art have limitations when processing parts with complex structural shapes. It is difficult to maintain the optimal cutting angle between the tool and the processed surface, resulting in uneven cutting force, poor surface quality, multiple tool passes, and low processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a bed structure of a turning-milling compound CNC machine tool, which can solve the problem in the prior art that when turning-milling compound machines process parts with complex processing surfaces, it is difficult to maintain the optimal cutting angle between the tool and the processed surface, and multiple tool passes are required, resulting in low processing efficiency.

[0005] The present application provides the following technical solution: a bed structure of a turning-milling compound CNC machine tool, comprising a frame and a virtual axis assembly disposed on the frame, wherein the virtual axis assembly comprises a Z-axis slide slidably connected to one side of the frame, a Y-axis slide slidably connected to the Z-axis slide, and an X-axis slide slidably connected to the Y-axis slide; The Z-axis slide is tilted relative to the horizontal plane of the frame; The Y-axis slide comprises a base slidably connected to the Z-axis slide and an inclined seat fixed on the base, and the inclined seat is arranged tilted relative to the base.

[0006] Beneficial effects: 1. Optimize cutting angles and improve machining efficiency. The Z-axis slide is tilted relative to the horizontal plane of the machine frame, and the Y-axis slide's inclined seat is tilted relative to the base. This allows the X-axis slide's motion trajectory to no longer be limited to the orthogonal direction of the traditional machine tool coordinate system, but instead forms a spatial angle linkage with the Y and Z axes. When machining complex curved surfaces, the tool can adjust the cutting angle in real time through the combined motion of the X / Y / Z axes, optimizing the angle between the tool axis and the machined surface. This allows the tool to find the optimal angle for machining, reducing the number of ineffective tool passes and improving machining efficiency. At the same time, the tilted slide can also avoid tool interference problems caused by the fixed tool posture of traditional orthogonal axis machine tools, allowing the tool to cut in an inclined direction to avoid the interference area, thereby improving process feasibility and machining efficiency under complex working conditions.

[0007] 2. Disperse cutting force, improve equipment rigidity, and improve processing quality. Since the machine tool turret in the prior art belongs to the traditional orthogonal layout, its cutting force is usually concentrated along a single axis. In this way, the direction of the resistance the tool encounters during cutting will be perpendicular to the sliding components of the orthogonal axis. The resistance acts perpendicularly on the guide rails, screw rods and other driving components that drive the slide. After long-term use, these driving components are easily bent and deformed rigidly. Especially when the cutting force is large, this rigid deformation will also affect the processing accuracy and cause the quality of the processed parts to be unqualified. In this solution, the virtual axis assembly is a non-orthogonal axis, and each axis is set to an inclined state. When the tool is cutting, the resistance acting on the guide rails, screw rods and other driving components can be dispersed into an axial force along the sliding direction and a normal force perpendicular to the sliding direction, thereby greatly reducing the load on the driving components, thereby reducing the deformation of the guide rails, screw rods and other driving components, improving the rigidity and service life of the equipment, and effectively improving the processing stability and processing quality.

[0008] Furthermore, the frame is provided with a Z-axis slide rail, the Z-axis slide seat is slidably connected to the Z-axis slide rail, and the Z-axis slide rail is tilted relative to the horizontal plane of the frame.

[0009] Beneficial effects: The inclined Z-axis slide adopted in this solution, on the one hand, makes the Z-axis slide produce an inclined angle relative to the horizontal plane of the frame, so as to realize the non-orthogonal arrangement of the Z-axis slide. On the other hand, when the tool is cutting, the load borne by the Z-axis slide will be dispersed to the normal direction and tangential direction of the sliding plane, thereby reducing the vibration of the Z-axis slide during cutting. Compared with the horizontally set Z-axis slide of traditional machine tools, this solution has better processing stability, and the load distribution makes the pressure on the tool slide more uniform, which helps to reduce single-point wear and extend the life of the slide.

[0010] Furthermore, a Z-axis screw rod is rotatably connected to the frame, the bottom of the Z-axis slide is threadedly connected to the Z-axis screw rod, and a Z-axis motor is fixed to one end of the frame, and the Z-axis motor is used to drive the Z-axis screw rod to rotate.

[0011] Beneficial effect: The Z-axis motor drives the Z-axis screw to rotate, which can control the Z-axis slide to slide on the Z-axis slide rail. The threaded connection transmission between the screw and the Z-axis slide can ensure the accurate positioning of the Z-axis slide during movement; it meets the stringent requirements of high-precision machining for repeated positioning.

[0012] Furthermore, the Z-axis slide is provided with a Y-axis slide rail, the base of the Y-axis slide is slidably connected to the Y-axis slide rail, the Z-axis slide is rotatably connected to a Y-axis screw rod, the base of the Y-axis slide is threadedly connected to the Y-axis screw rod, and a Y-axis motor is fixed to one end of the Z-axis slide, and the Y-axis motor is used to drive the Y-axis screw rod to rotate.

[0013] Beneficial effect: The Y-axis motor drives the Y-axis screw to rotate, so as to drive the Y-axis slide to move perpendicularly relative to the sliding direction of the Z-axis slide, and at the same time achieve precise positioning of the Y-axis slide during movement, thereby improving processing positioning accuracy.

[0014] Furthermore, an X-axis slide rail is provided on the inclined seat of the Y-axis slide, and the X-axis slide is slidably connected to the X-axis slide rail. The inclined seat of the Y-axis slide is also rotatably connected to the X-axis screw rod, and the bottom of the X-axis slide is threadedly connected to the X-axis screw rod. An X-axis motor is fixed on the inclined seat of the Y-axis slide, and the Y-axis motor is used to drive the X-axis screw rod to rotate.

[0015] Beneficial effect: The X-axis motor drives the X-axis screw to rotate, so as to drive the X-axis slide to slide along the X-axis slide rail. The tool can be installed on the X-axis slide, so that the X-axis motor can drive the tool on the X-axis slide to move accurately, thereby improving the processing positioning accuracy.

[0016] Furthermore, a spindle assembly is provided at one end of the frame, and the spindle assembly includes a spindle motor and a three-jaw chuck driven to rotate by the spindle motor. The central axis direction of the spindle motor is parallel to the sliding direction of the Z-axis slide.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The three-jaw chuck is used to clamp and fix the workpiece. The spindle center axis is parallel to the movement direction of the Z-axis slide. During processing, it is beneficial for the tool on the X-axis slide to be quickly fed along the Z-axis direction to the workpiece processing position on the three-jaw chuck, thereby improving the convenience of tool feeding and processing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is an axonometric view of the present invention.

[0019] The marks in the drawings of the specification include: frame 1, guide rail mounting table 2, Z-axis slide 3, Z-axis positioning block 4, Z-axis slide 5, Y-axis slide 6, Y-axis screw 7, Y-axis motor 8, Y-axis positioning block 9, bevel seat 10, X-axis motor 11, X-axis positioning block 12, X-axis screw 13, X-axis slide 14, X-axis slide 15, base 16, Z-axis screw 17, Z-axis motor 18, three-jaw chuck 19, spindle motor 20, and spindle positioning seat 21. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods: Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a bed structure of a turning-milling compound CNC machine tool includes a frame, a spindle assembly arranged on the frame, and a virtual axis assembly arranged on the frame.

[0021] The virtual axis assembly includes a Z-axis slide fixed on the frame, a Z-axis slide slidably connected to the Z-axis slide, a Y-axis slide slidably connected to the Z-axis slide, and an X-axis slide slidably connected to the Y-axis slide; the Y-axis slide includes a base and an inclined seat fixed on the base, and the inclined seat is tilted relative to the base.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, a guide rail mounting platform is provided along the length direction of the frame, and the guide rail mounting platform is in an upward convex and inclined state relative to the horizontal plane of the frame. A groove is provided in the middle of the guide rail mounting platform, and Z-axis positioning blocks are fixed at both ends of the groove. A Z-axis screw rod is rotatably connected between the Z-axis positioning blocks, and the bottom of the Z-axis slide is threadedly connected to the Z-axis screw rod. A Z-axis motor is fixed to the outer end of one of the Z-axis positioning blocks, and the Z-axis motor is used to drive the Z-axis screw rod to rotate, thereby controlling the Z-axis slide to move on the Z-axis slide rail.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a Y-axis slide is fixed on the Z-axis slide, and the Y-axis slide is arranged perpendicular to the Z-axis slide, and the base of the Y-axis slide is slidably connected to the Y-axis slide; a Y-axis positioning block is fixed on the Z-axis slide, and a Y-axis lead screw is rotatably connected inside the Y-axis positioning block, and the bottom of the base of the Y-axis slide is threadedly connected to the Y-axis lead screw, and a Y-axis motor is fixed at one end of the Z-axis slide, and the Y-axis motor is used to drive the Y-axis lead screw to rotate, thereby controlling the base of the Y-axis slide to move on the Y-axis slide.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the Y-axis slide is equipped with an X-axis rail on its slanted seat. The X-axis slide is slidably connected to the X-axis rail. An X-axis positioning block is fixed to the Y-axis slide's slanted seat. An X-axis lead screw is rotatably connected to the X-axis positioning block. The bottom of the X-axis slide is threadedly connected to the X-axis lead screw. An X-axis motor is also fixed to one end of the Y-axis slide's slanted seat. The Y-axis motor is used to drive the X-axis lead screw to rotate, thereby controlling the movement of the X-axis slide on the X-axis rail. The X-axis slide is used to mount and secure a variety of turning and milling cutters. Through the coordinated action of the X-axis motor, Y-axis motor, and Z-axis motor, the tool on the X-axis slide can be controlled to feed according to a specified program to achieve cutting processing.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, a spindle positioning seat is provided at one end of the frame, and a spindle assembly is also provided on the spindle positioning seat. The spindle assembly includes a spindle motor and a three-jaw chuck fixed on the spindle positioning seat, and the central axis direction of the spindle is parallel to the sliding direction of the Z-axis slide. The three-jaw chuck is used to clamp and fix the workpiece, and the spindle motor is used to drive the three-jaw chuck to rotate and thereby drive the workpiece to rotate. A secondary spindle mounting seat is also provided on the frame, and the secondary spindle mounting seat is provided with a slide rail, a secondary spindle assembly slidably connected to the slide rail, and a secondary spindle screw and a secondary spindle motor for driving the secondary spindle assembly to slide on the slide rail. The secondary spindle assembly can be installed with tools such as clamps, drills, and tops. For example, installing a clamp can achieve the function of clamping the workpiece, so that the machine tool can realize the function of processing two parts at the same time, or installing a top can cooperate with the three-jaw chuck of the spindle to assist in positioning the workpiece as needed, or installing a drill bit can realize the function of clamping and drilling the workpiece on the three-jaw chuck of the spindle, so as to realize diversified processing and improve processing flexibility and convenience. In addition, in order to facilitate the display of the virtual axis structure in this scheme, Figure 1 The countershaft assembly, countershaft motor, and countershaft screw have all been omitted.

[0026] Here’s how to use this solution: The workpiece to be processed is clamped and fixed in the center of the three-jaw chuck, and the spindle motor drives the workpiece on the three-jaw chuck to rotate, and then the Z-axis motor drives the Z-axis screw to rotate to control the Z-axis slide to slide along the Z-axis slide rail; the Y-axis motor drives the Y-axis screw to rotate to control the Y-axis slide to slide along the Y-axis slide rail; the Z-axis motor drives the Z-axis screw to rotate to control the X-axis slide to slide along the X-axis slide rail, and various turning tools and milling cutters can be fixed on the X-axis slide. Under the coordinated control of the X-axis motor, Y-axis motor and Z-axis motor, the tool on the X-axis slide can move in the direction specified by the program, so that the corresponding tool cuts the workpiece on the three-jaw chuck. In this process, the tool of this scheme can move through X, Y, and Z The synthetic motion of the axis adjusts the cutting angle in real time, optimizes the angle between the tool axis and the machined surface, enables the tool to find the best angle for processing, reduces the number of invalid tool passes, and improves processing efficiency. At the same time, the inclined slide can also avoid the tool interference problem caused by the fixed tool posture of traditional orthogonal axis machine tools, so that the tool cuts in the inclined direction to avoid the interference area, thereby improving the process feasibility and processing efficiency under complex working conditions; in addition, the virtual axis assembly in this solution belongs to the non-orthogonal axis, and each axis is set to an inclined state. When the tool is cutting, the resistance acting on the drive components such as the slide rail and the screw rod can be dispersed into the axial force along the sliding direction and the normal force perpendicular to the sliding direction, thereby greatly reducing the load on the drive components, thereby reducing the deformation of the drive components such as the guide rail and the screw rod, improving the rigidity and service life of the equipment, and effectively improving the processing stability and processing quality.

[0027] The above are only embodiments of the present invention. The invention is not limited to the fields involved in this implementation case. Common knowledge such as the specific structure and characteristics of the scheme are not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A bed structure of a turning-milling compound CNC machine tool, characterized by: It includes a frame and a virtual axis assembly arranged on the frame, the virtual axis assembly includes a Z-axis slide slidably connected to one side of the frame, a Y-axis slide slidably connected to the Z-axis slide, and an X-axis slide slidably connected to the Y-axis slide; the Z-axis slide is tilted relative to the horizontal plane of the frame; the Y-axis slide includes a base slidably connected to the Z-axis slide and an inclined seat fixed on the base, and the inclined seat is tilted relative to the base.

2. The bed structure of a turning-milling compound CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is provided with a Z-axis slide rail, the Z-axis slide seat is slidably connected to the Z-axis slide rail, and the Z-axis slide rail is tilted relative to the horizontal plane of the frame.

3. The bed structure of a turning-milling compound CNC machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frame is rotatably connected to a Z-axis screw rod, the bottom of the Z-axis slide is threadedly connected to the Z-axis screw rod, and one end of the frame is fixed with a Z-axis motor, which is used to drive the Z-axis screw rod to rotate.

4. The bed structure of a turning-milling compound CNC machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Z-axis slide is provided with a Y-axis slide rail, the base of the Y-axis slide is slidably connected to the Y-axis slide rail, the Z-axis slide is rotatably connected to a Y-axis screw rod, the base of the Y-axis slide is threadedly connected to the Y-axis screw rod, and a Y-axis motor is fixed to one end of the Z-axis slide, and the Y-axis motor is used to drive the Y-axis screw rod to rotate.

5. The bed structure of a turning-milling compound CNC machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: An X-axis slide rail is provided on the inclined seat of the Y-axis slide, and the X-axis slide is slidably connected to the X-axis slide rail. The inclined seat of the Y-axis slide is also rotatably connected to the X-axis screw rod, and the bottom of the X-axis slide is threadedly connected to the X-axis screw rod. An X-axis motor is fixed on the inclined seat of the Y-axis slide, and the Y-axis motor is used to drive the X-axis screw rod to rotate.

6. The bed structure of a turning-milling compound CNC machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: A spindle assembly is also provided at one end of the frame. The spindle assembly includes a spindle motor and a three-jaw chuck driven to rotate by the spindle motor. The center axis direction of the spindle motor is parallel to the sliding direction of the Z-axis slide.

Images