Soil conditioner for improving desert saline-alkali soil and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner for improving desert saline-alkali soil and application of the soil conditioner. The soil conditioner is prepared from 5.5 to 7.5 * 10 < 4 > kg of yellow water, 5 to 6 * 10 < 3 > kg of crop straw, 60 to 76 kg of phanerochaete chrysosporium, 50 to 60 kg of bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10, 30 to 46 kg of trichoderma viride, 30 to 50 kg of lactobacillus kefir CP423, 1 to 1.2 * 10 < 4 > kg of organic fertilizer, 0.8 to 1.2 * 10 < 3 > kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 25 to 35 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 8 to 12 kg of phosphate fertilizer. After the soil conditioner is applied to ecological improvement, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus can be effectively increased, the soil quality is remarkably improved, and the yield and quality of planted crops can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a soil improver for improving desert saline-alkali land and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil salinization is a widespread form of soil degradation worldwide, particularly severe in arid and semi-arid regions. This phenomenon not only limits crop growth but also leads to a reduction in arable land, posing a threat to global food security. According to relevant statistics, approximately 900 million hectares of land worldwide are affected by varying degrees of salinization. This problem not only impacts local agricultural production but also has adverse effects on the ecological environment. Although various technologies have been developed to improve saline-alkali land, such as physical improvement (deep tillage, sand covering, and hydraulic engineering measures), chemical improvement (desulfurized gypsum, humic acid, etc.), and biotechnology (using biological resources to improve saline-alkali land), these technologies utilize the physiological metabolic functions of organisms such as plants and microorganisms to convert salt and harmful substances in saline-alkali soil into harmless substances while providing organic matter that is beneficial to plant growth, thereby improving the soil environment and fostering a healthy ecosystem. However, current results have been limited, and the rate of soil improvement has been slow, failing to meet the needs of agricultural production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner for improving desert saline-alkali land and its application, so as to improve the soil environment of desert saline-alkali land and increase the yield of crops after planting.

[0004] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a soil conditioner for improving desert saline-alkali land, which is composed of the following raw materials: Yellow water (provided by Chengdu Shuzhiyuan Winery Co., Ltd.) 5.5~7.5×10 4 kg, crop straw 5~6×10 3 kg, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (CGMCC5.0776) 60-76 kg, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 (CCTCCM2020609) 50-60 kg, Trichoderma viride (CGMCC3.2942) 30-46 kg, Lactobacillus kefir CP423 (CCTCCM2020724) 30-50 kg, organic fertilizer (provided by Chengdu Huahong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) 1-1.2 × 10 4 kg, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (provided by Chengdu Huahong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) 0.8~1.2×10 3kg, nitrogen fertilizer (provided by Chengdu Huahong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) 25~35kg and phosphorus fertilizer (provided by Chengdu Huahong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) 8~12kg.

[0005] Preferably, the bacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 and Lactobacillus kefir CP423 are both 1~10×10 9 CFU / g.

[0006] Preferably, the bacterial activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma viride is 1-10×10 8 CFU / g.

[0007] Preferably, the crop straw is one or more of cotton, wheat, corn and soybean.

[0008] Preferably, the particle size of the crop straw is 0.5-3 cm.

[0009] The present invention also provides an application of the soil conditioner in improving soil in desert saline-alkali land.

[0010] Preferably, the improved method comprises the following steps: (1) Apply 3 / 11 of the total weight of yellow water per mu to irrigate the desert saline-alkali land to be restored; (2) On the 2nd to 4th day, the crop straw was returned to the field, and then 4 / 5 of the total mass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 was applied, and the soil was turned over; (3) On the 6th to 8th day, 3 / 11 of the total mass of yellow water was used for irrigation again; (4) On the 28th to 32nd day, 5 / 8 of the total mass of Trichoderma viride and 5 / 8 of the total mass of Lactobacillus kefir CP423 were applied, and after turning the soil, 3 / 11 of the total mass of yellow water was used for the third irrigation; (5) On the 58th to 62nd day, organic fertilizer, 1 / 5 of the total weight of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and 3 / 8 of the total weight of Trichoderma viride were applied, and after turning the soil, 2 / 11 of the total weight of yellow water was used for the fourth irrigation; (6) After another 28 to 32 days, apply amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and 5 / 8 of the total weight of Kefir Lactobacillus CP423 powder and water the plants.

[0011] Preferably, the depth of the tillage in step (2) is 30-50 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the depth of the tillage in step (4) is 20-40 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the depth of the tillage in step (5) is 20-40 cm.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: After the saline-alkali land is improved by the soil conditioner of the present invention, its alkalinity is significantly reduced, reaching a soil acidity and alkalinity level that is very suitable for crop cultivation, and alkaline damage is effectively eliminated; after the improvement, the soil can also effectively increase the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus, which not only significantly improves the soil quality, but also significantly increases the yield and quality of crops after planting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The bacterial powder and other reagents used in the following examples of the present invention were purchased. Lactobacillus kefir CP423 was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on November 11, 2020, at Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, with the deposit number CCTCCM2020724.

[0016] The yellow water (Luzhou-flavor liquor brewing waste liquid) used in the following examples has a pH value of 3.5, a COD (mg / L) content of 26,000-37,000, a reducing sugar (g / 100 mL) content of 0.45, a starch (g / 100 g) content of 2.52, a solid matter (g / L) content of 9.10, a total nitrogen (g / L) content of 2.22, a total phosphorus (g / L) content of 0.78, a total acid (g / L) content of 43.6, and a protein / % content of 0.18. The yellow water used in the present invention is rich in reducing sugars, starch, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, protein and solid components, which can not only treat soil alkali damage with organic acids, but also supplement the soil with a rich nutrient source.

[0017] Example 1 A method for improving soil in desert saline-alkali land comprises the following steps: (1) Irrigate desert saline-alkali land with 15 tons of yellow water per mu.

[0018] (2) After the fourth day, 5 tons / mu of wheat straw of the season was crushed into 0.5 cm fragments. At the same time, 50 kg / mu of Phanerochaete chrysosporium powder and 50 kg / mu of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 powder were evenly spread as the straw was returned to the field, and the soil was plowed to a depth of 30 cm.

[0019] (3) After the 8th day, irrigate the desert saline-alkali land with 15 tons of yellow water per mu.

[0020] (4) After 32 days, evenly spread 20 kg / mu of Trichoderma viride powder and 20 kg / mu of Lactobacillus kefir CP423 powder on the surface of the desert saline-alkali land, and immediately plow the land to a depth of 20 cm. Then irrigate with 15 tons / mu of yellow water.

[0021] (5) After the 62nd day, evenly spread 10 tons / mu of organic fertilizer, 10 kg / mu of Phanerochaete chrysosporium powder, and 10 kg / mu of Trichoderma viride powder on the surface of the desert saline-alkali land, and immediately plow the land to a depth of 20 cm. Then irrigate with 10 tons / mu of yellow water.

[0022] (6) After another 32 days, add 0.8 tons / mu of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 25kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 8kg / mu of phosphorus fertilizer, and 10kg / mu of Kefir Lactobacillus CP423 powder, and irrigate the soil.

[0023] (7) Plant crops at the appropriate time.

[0024] The bacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 and Lactobacillus kefir CP423 in Example 1 was 1×10 9 CFU / g, the bacterial activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma viride was 1×10 8 CFU / g.

[0025] Example 2 A method for improving soil in desert saline-alkali land comprises the following steps: (1) Irrigate desert saline-alkali land with 20 tons of yellow water per mu.

[0026] (2) After the second day, crush 6 tons / mu of corn stalks of the season into 3 cm fragments. At the same time, evenly spread 60 kg / mu of Phanerochaete chrysosporium powder and 60 kg / mu of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 powder as the stalks are returned to the field, and the soil is plowed to a depth of 50 cm.

[0027] (3) After the sixth day, irrigate the desert saline-alkali land with 20 tons of yellow water per mu.

[0028] (4) After the 28th day, evenly spread 30kg / mu of Trichoderma viride powder and 30kg / mu of Lactobacillus kefir CP423 powder on the surface of the desert saline-alkali land, and immediately plow the land to a depth of 40cm. Then irrigate with 20 tons / mu of yellow water.

[0029] (5) After the 58th day, evenly spread 12 tons / mu of organic fertilizer, 16 kg / mu of Phanerochaete chrysosporium powder, and 16 kg / mu of Trichoderma viride powder on the surface of the desert saline-alkali land, and immediately plow the land to a depth of 40 cm. Then irrigate with 15 tons / mu of yellow water.

[0030] (6) After another 28 days, add 1.2 tons / mu of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 35kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 12kg / mu of phosphorus fertilizer, and 20kg / mu of Kefir Lactobacillus CP423 powder, and irrigate the soil.

[0031] (7) Plant crops at the appropriate time.

[0032] The bacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 and Lactobacillus kefir CP423 in Example 2 was 10×10 9 CFU / g, the bacterial activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma viride was 10×10 8 CFU / g.

[0033] Example 3 A method for improving soil in desert saline-alkali land comprises the following steps: (1) Irrigation of desert saline-alkali land with 18 tons of yellow water per mu.

[0034] (2) After the third day, crush 5.5 tons / mu of soybean straw of the season into 2 cm fragments. At the same time, evenly spread 56 kg / mu of Phanerochaete chrysosporium powder and 55 kg / mu of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 powder as the straw is returned to the field, and plow the soil to a depth of 40 cm.

[0035] (3) After the 7th day, 18 tons / mu of yellow water was irrigated in the desert saline-alkali land.

[0036] (4) After the 30th day, evenly spread 25kg / mu of Trichoderma viride powder and 25kg / mu of Lactobacillus kefir CP423 powder on the surface of the desert saline-alkali land, and immediately plow the land to a depth of 30cm. Then irrigate with 18 tons / mu of yellow water.

[0037] (5) After the 60th day, evenly spread 11 tons / mu of organic fertilizer, 14 kg / mu of Phanerochaete chrysosporium powder, and 15 kg / mu of Trichoderma viride powder on the surface of the desert saline-alkali land, and immediately plow the land to a depth of 30 cm. Then irrigate with 12 tons / mu of yellow water.

[0038] (6) After another 30 days, add 1 ton / mu of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 30kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 10kg / mu of phosphorus fertilizer, and 15kg / mu of Kefir Lactobacillus CP423 powder, and irrigate the soil.

[0039] (7) Plant crops at the appropriate time.

[0040] The bacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 and Lactobacillus kefir CP423 in Example 3 was 5×10 9 CFU / g, the bacterial activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma viride was 5×10 8 CFU / g.

[0041] Experimental Example 1 After soil improvement was performed on previously uncultivated, uncultivated saline-alkali land using the soil improvement method described in Example 3, wheat was planted using conventional methods, with a drip irrigation system controlling water and fertilizer. A control group, consisting of uncultivated saline-alkali land, also adopted conventional planting methods and a drip irrigation system controlling water and fertilizer. Before wheat planting, the pH, organic matter content, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the improved soil (test group) and the unimproved soil (control group) were measured. After planting, the emergence rate and yield of the wheat were measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0042] Table 1 Wheat yield and soil indicators

[0043] As shown in Table 1 above, the test results show that the improved soil significantly reduced alkalinity, with the pH dropping from 9.1 to 7.3, reaching a pH level highly suitable for wheat cultivation and effectively alleviating alkali damage. Organic matter content increased from a relatively deficient 8.1 g / kg to 23.3 g / kg, a 187% increase, reaching a suitable level for crop cultivation, effectively improving soil quality. Furthermore, the unimproved saline-alkali soil (control) was severely deficient in total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available phosphorus. The improved soil significantly increased these levels, reaching suitable levels for crop cultivation. Total and available potassium content in the soil were adequate in both the experimental and control groups, with improvements occurring after improvement. After wheat planting, the experimental group demonstrated a significantly better seedling emergence rate, exceeding that of the control group by 10.7%. Due to the improved soil quality, the wheat yield per mu reached 533 kg / mu, 207 kg higher than the control group, a yield increase of approximately 63.5%.

[0044] Experimental Example 2 After the soil was improved in saline-alkali land in an arid area where crops had been conventionally grown for two years using the soil improvement method described in Example 3, cotton was planted using a conventional method and a drip irrigation system was used to control water and fertilizer. The control group consisted of saline-alkali land that had not undergone ecological improvement and also adopted a conventional planting method and a drip irrigation system to control water and fertilizer. Before cotton planting, the pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, exchangeable calcium, microorganisms, and enzyme activity of the improved soil (test group) and the unimproved soil (control group) were measured. After planting, the emergence rate and yield of the cotton were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0045] Table 2 Cotton yield and soil indicators

[0046] Table 3 Cotton yield and soil indicators

[0047] As shown in Table 2 above, the soil alkalinity decreased significantly by 1.3 points after the improvement, with the pH dropping from 8.6 to 7.3, reaching a slightly alkaline level well-suited for cotton cultivation. The organic matter content more than doubled, rapidly increasing from a severely deficient 7.2 g / kg to 20.6 g / kg, a 186% increase in organic matter content, reaching a suitable level for crop cultivation. The total salt content in the soil decreased rapidly from 83.5 g / kg to 7.7 g / kg, significantly reducing the threat of salt damage to crops. Exchangeable calcium in the soil was severely deficient in the unimproved saline-alkali land (control), but increased to the normal tillage level (3.4 cmol / kg) in the improved soil. The data in Table 3 show that available potassium content in the soil was relatively high in both the experimental and control groups, with the improved soil exhibiting a significant increase in available potassium content. The unamended saline-alkali soil (control) showed severe deficiencies in both alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus. The amended soil showed significant increases, with alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen content increasing by approximately 120% and available phosphorus by 188.6%. After cotton planting, the improved experimental group demonstrated excellent seedling emergence rates, with 95.2% in the experimental group compared to 83.7% in the control group. Furthermore, cotton yield per mu increased by 55.97%, reaching 627 kg / mu, an increase of 225 kg / mu compared to the control group.

[0048] As can be seen from Table 3 above, the number of soil microorganisms in the control group (unadjusted) was scarce, while the number of microorganisms in the experimental group was 100-1000 times higher than that in the control group. At the same time, the activity of soil enzymes was significantly enhanced. The improved soil polyphenol oxidase, soil urease, soil sucrase and soil phosphatase increased by 308%, 458%, 159% and 318% respectively compared with the control group, indicating that a larger number of microorganisms and better soil quality can greatly promote soil enzyme activity and promote the absorption of nutrients by cotton, thereby achieving the effect of increasing yield.

[0049] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for improving desert saline-alkali land, characterized in that: Composed of the following raw materials: Yellow water 5.5~7.5×10 4 kg, crop straw 5~6×10 3 kg, Phanerochaete chrysosporium 60-76 kg, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 50-60 kg, Trichoderma viride 30-46 kg, Lactobacillus kefir CP423 30-50 kg, organic fertilizer 1-1.2×10 4 kg, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 0.8~1.2×10 3 kg, 25-35 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 8-12 kg of phosphorus fertilizer.

2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The bacterial activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 and Lactobacillus kefir CP423 is 1-10×10 9 CFU / g.

3. The soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that The bacterial activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trichoderma viride was 1-10×10 8 CFU / g.

4. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The crop straw is one or more of cotton, wheat, corn and soybean.

5. The soil improvement method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the crop straw is 0.5 to 3 cm.

6. Use of the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in improving soil in desert saline-alkali land.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that The improved method comprises the following steps: (1) Apply 3 / 11 of the total weight of yellow water per mu to irrigate the desert saline-alkali land to be restored; (2) On the 2nd to 4th day, the crop straw was returned to the field, and then 4 / 5 of the total weight of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J10 were applied, and the soil was turned over; (3) On the 6th to 8th day, irrigate again with 3 / 11 of the total weight of yellow water; (4) On the 28th to 32nd day, 5 / 8 of the total weight of Trichoderma viride and 5 / 8 of the total weight of Lactobacillus kefir CP423 were applied, and after turning the soil, 3 / 11 of the total weight of yellow water was used for the third irrigation; (5) On the 58th to 62nd day, organic fertilizer, 1 / 5 of the total weight of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and 3 / 8 of the total weight of Trichoderma viride were applied, and after turning the soil, 2 / 11 of the total weight of yellow water was used for the fourth irrigation; (6) After another 28 to 32 days, apply amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and 5 / 8 of the total weight of Kefir Lactobacillus CP423 powder and water the plants.

8. The improved method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The depth of the tillage in step (2) is 30 to 50 cm.

9. The improved method according to claim 7, characterized in that The depth of the tillage in step (4) is 20 to 40 cm.

10. The improved method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The depth of the tillage in step (5) is 20 to 40 cm.

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