Novel avalanche blast comprehensive protection system

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel avalanche blast comprehensive protection system, relates to the field of avalanche protection, solves the problem that the protection effect of avalanche blast is reduced after the height of an existing snow fence is adjusted, and comprises two mounting pipes and a plurality of circular steel pipes mounted between the two mounting pipes at equal intervals. A vertical rod is slidably mounted on the inner side of the mounting pipe, a bottom box is mounted at the bottom end of the vertical rod, a transverse rod is mounted on the outer side of the bottom box, a bottom cylinder is slidably mounted on the outer side of the transverse rod, and an inclined supporting rod is assembled between the mounting pipe and the bottom cylinder in a hinged mode; the adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the height of the mounting pipe and ensuring stable supporting of the mounting pipe, and the adjusting mechanism is mounted on the inner side of the vertical rod; the height of the round steel pipe is adjusted through the adjusting mechanism, the bottom cylinder pulls the inclined supporting rod to move synchronously, supporting of the inclined supporting rod to the mounting pipe is kept, and therefore the height adjusting convenience and the stable supporting effect of the round steel pipe are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of avalanche protection, and in particular to a novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system. Background Art

[0002] Avalanches are a common geological disaster in mountainous areas, posing a major threat to infrastructure and human life safety. Existing avalanche protection measures, such as snow nets, snow bridges, and avalanche dams, are usually used alone in the starting or ending areas of avalanches, and are difficult to effectively deal with complex terrain or large-scale avalanches. Studies have shown that a single protection structure may not be able to completely dissipate the energy of an avalanche, especially when snow ejection or air wave impact may occur on the avalanche path. Therefore, developing a multi-level protection system to intercept avalanches in stages and dissipate their energy has become an urgent problem to be solved. Existing avalanche protection technology has the following limitations:

[0003] 1. Insufficient protection capability of a single structure: Traditional rigid structures (such as concrete retaining walls) are easily damaged by impact, and flexible nets (such as metal fences) have limited effect in intercepting large-scale avalanches.

[0004] 2. Lack of dynamic energy grading mitigation design: The energy distribution along the avalanche movement path has not been systematically analyzed, resulting in a lack of theoretical basis for the subsequent structural layout.

[0005] 3. The projection effect has not been fully considered: After the avalanche is intercepted at the first level, projection may occur. The existing technology does not clearly define the formula for calculating the projection distance, making it difficult to optimize the distance between the snow retaining wall and the grille.

[0006] Relevant data show that multi-level protection systems have been partially applied. For example, the Catba'acu project adopts a three-level defense line of "snow stabilization fence-snow prevention fence-snow dam", but the layout is not optimized in combination with the projection theory. In addition, the flexible net design focuses more on rockfall protection and has insufficient adaptability to avalanche mass distribution and impact force. The present invention proposes a comprehensive protection system that combines flexible protection nets, snow retaining walls and snow grilles, and provides theoretical formulas to optimize the position layout of each structure. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of comprehensive avalanche air wave protection system to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system comprises: two mounting tubes and a plurality of round steel tubes fixedly installed at equal intervals between the two mounting tubes; a vertical rod is slidably mounted on the inner side of the mounting tube; a bottom box is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the vertical rod; a cross bar is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the bottom box; a bottom cylinder is slidably mounted on the outer side of the cross bar; and a diagonal brace is hingedly assembled between the mounting tube and the bottom cylinder;

[0010] Also includes:

[0011] An adjustment mechanism, used for adjusting the height of the mounting tube and ensuring stable support for the mounting tube, the adjustment mechanism being installed on the inner side of the vertical rod;

[0012] A bottom support mechanism, used to prevent the mounting tube and the vertical rod from tilting forward, the bottom support mechanism being installed on the outside of the bottom tube;

[0013] The inserting pile mechanism is used for gripping the bottom box on the ground, and the inserting pile mechanism is installed on the outside of the bottom box.

[0014] The cam is secured to a position 56° with respect to the first and second mounting plates, and the cam is secured to a position 56° with respect to the first and second mounting plates.

[0015] The cam is fixedly mounted on the outside of the U-shaped frame, and the cam is fixedly mounted on the outside of the U-shaped frame. The cam is fixedly mounted between the two U-shaped frames. The cam is located on the side of the bottom box away from the cross bar, and three metal stoppers are fixedly mounted on the outside of the side support plates at equal distances. The metal stoppers are arranged on the side away from the side support plates in an inclined structure. Two symmetrically distributed mounting plates are fixedly mounted on the outside of the cross bar, and a plurality of equidistantly distributed roller rods are fixedly mounted on the outside of the mounting plates. A pulley is rotatably mounted on the outside of the roller rod, and the pulley is located on the inner side of the U-shaped slide, and two symmetrically distributed sliding strips are fixedly mounted on the inside of the U-shaped slide, and the outer side of the slide is an arc structure, and an annular groove is provided on the outer side of the pulley for limiting the sliding of the slide

[0016] The top of the positioning rod is fixed with a toothed plate, and the top of the positioning gear is provided with a rack plate, and the rack plate cooperates with the positioning gear, and the rack plate is fixedly installed on the inner side of the U-shaped slide, and the toothed plate has an arc structure, and the positioning rod is fixedly installed with a limit plate at one end away from the toothed plate, and the limit plate is located in the inner side of the bottom box, and the outer side of the positioning block contacts the outer side of the limit plate, and the outer side of the positioning block is fixedly installed with a guide ring, and the limit plate is located at the inner ring of the guide ring, and a slider is fixedly installed on the outer side of the limit plate, and the slider is slidably installed on the outer side of the guide ring, and an arc spring is provided on the outer side of the guide ring, and the arc spring is fixedly installed between the slider and the positioning block.

[0017] Preferably, the top end of the mounting tube is in an inclined structure, and the outer side of the round steel tube extends to the outer side of the mounting tube.

[0018] Preferably, a plurality of reinforcement strips distributed at equal distances are fixedly installed between the two mounting tubes.

[0019] Preferably, mounting feet are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the bottom box and the bottom tube, and a plurality of bolt holes symmetrically distributed in the center are provided on the surface of the mounting feet.

[0020] Preferably, a limiting rod is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the mounting foot below the bottom box, and the limiting rod is located below the inserting teeth.

[0021] Preferably, a plurality of ratchet teeth distributed at equal intervals are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the inserting tooth.

[0022] Preferably, a hard snow shield component and a flexible snow shield component are respectively installed on the top of the mounting tube and the round steel tube, and the hard snow shield component is located between the flexible snow shield component and the round steel tube;

[0023] The hard snow-blocking component includes a wall panel, a wall toe plate is fixedly provided at the bottom of the wall panel near one end of the flexible snow-blocking component, and a wall heel plate is fixedly provided at the bottom of the wall panel near one end of the round steel pipe, a plurality of supporting ribs are fixedly provided between the angle between the wall heel plate and the wall panel, and the wall toe plate and the slider are cast as one piece and fixed on the mountain.

[0024] Preferably, the flexible snow-blocking component includes several steel columns fixedly inserted inside the mountain, and the several steel columns are arranged horizontally on the mountain. A wire rope net is fixedly connected between the upper and lower end surfaces of two adjacent steel columns, and a grille net is fixedly arranged between two adjacent steel wire rope nets. Anchor ropes are also fixedly arranged between the top of the first and last steel columns and the mountain, and several decompression rings are fixedly arranged on the outer surfaces of the anchor ropes and the grille nets.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention uses an adjustment mechanism to enable the mounting tube to move upward along the outer side of the vertical rod, so that the mounting tube drives multiple round steel tubes to move synchronously, thereby realizing height adjustment of the round steel tubes, which is convenient for coping with more avalanche situations. In the process of moving the mounting tube, the bottom tube pulls the diagonal support rod to move synchronously, maintaining the support of the diagonal support rod on the mounting tube, solving the problem that the bottom of the traditional snow fence is prone to breakage after being raised, thereby improving the convenience of height adjustment of the round steel tubes and the effect of stable support.

[0027] 2. The present invention uses the bottom support mechanism to push the two fixed plates to move synchronously during the movement of the bottom cylinder, so that the U-shaped slide on the fixed plate moves along the outside of the multiple pulleys. The two U-shaped slides can steadily push the side support plates away from the bottom box, providing support for the side of the bottom box away from the vertical rod, preventing the round steel pipe from tipping forward due to strong wind after the height is adjusted, ensuring the normal protection of the round steel pipe against avalanche air waves, thereby achieving the effect of stable positioning.

[0028] 3. The present invention uses a stake insertion mechanism to enable the rack plate to drive the gear to rotate downward during the movement of the U-shaped slide, so that the positioning rod inserts the spline into the soil. The elastic potential energy of the arc spring is used to increase the speed at which the spline inserts into the soil, thereby improving the grip of the bottom box and preventing the accumulated snow on the ground from lifting the round steel pipe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the diagonal bracing rod and the reinforcement bar in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation pipe and vertical rod structure in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the crossbar and bottom tube structure in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the side support plate and metal baffle structure in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the U-shaped slide and pulley structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the positioning rod and guide ring structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the limit plate and ratchet structure in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the snow mountain simulation structure in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the position distribution of the hard snow shield component and the flexible snow shield component in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of the flexible snow shield component of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic structural diagram of the hard snow-blocking component of the present invention.

[0041] Figure: 1. Mounting tube; 2. Round steel tube; 3. Vertical rod; 4. Bottom box; 5. Horizontal rod; 6. Bottom cylinder; 7. Diagonal support rod; 8. First mounting rod; 9. Second mounting rod; 10. Moving cylinder; 11. Adjustment rod; 12. Bevel gear; 13. Fixed plate; 14. U-shaped carriage; 15. Side support plate; 16. Metal stop bar; 17. Mounting plate; 18. Roller rod; 19. Pulley; 20. Slide bar; 21. Positioning rod; 22 , positioning gear; 23, rack plate; 24, spline; 25, limit plate; 26, positioning block; 27, guide ring; 28, slider; 29, arc spring; 30, reinforcement strip; 31, mounting foot; 32, limit rod; 33, ratchet; 34, wall panel; 35, steel column; 36, wire rope net; 37, wall toe board; 38, wall heel board; 39, rib; 40, pressure relief ring; 41, anchor rope; 42, grille net. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-8The figure shows a new type of comprehensive avalanche air wave protection system, including two mounting tubes 1 and multiple round steel tubes 2 fixedly installed at equal intervals between the two mounting tubes 1. The round steel tubes 2 are used to buffer the air waves of the avalanche and reduce the pressure generated by the air waves. The top of the mounting tube 1 is an inclined structure, and the outer side of the round steel tube 2 extends to the outside of the mounting tube 1. Multiple reinforcement strips 30 are fixedly installed between the two mounting tubes 1 at equal intervals to improve the firmness between the two mounting tubes 1. Vertical rods 3 are slidably installed on the inner side of the mounting tube 1. The inner side of the mounting tube 1 is a square structure, and the bottom end of the vertical rod 3 is fixedly installed with a bottom box 4. , a cross bar 5 is fixedly installed on the outside of the bottom box 4, and a bottom tube 6 is slidably installed on the outside of the cross bar 5. The bottom of the bottom box 4 and the bottom tube 6 are fixedly installed with mounting feet 31. The surface of the mounting feet 31 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes that are centrally symmetrically distributed. After the position of the bottom tube 6 is adjusted, the mounting feet 31 can be fixed to the ground through the bolt holes. A diagonal brace 7 is hingedly assembled between the mounting tube 1 and the bottom tube 6 to provide support for the outside of the mounting tube 1; it also includes: an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the height of the mounting tube 1 and ensuring stable support for the mounting tube 1. The adjustment mechanism is installed on the inner side of the vertical rod 3;

[0044] The adjusting mechanism includes a first mounting rod 8 rotatably mounted on the inner side of the vertical rod 3, a second mounting rod 9 rotatably mounted on the inner side of the horizontal rod 5, a moving cylinder 10 is slidably mounted on the inner sides of the vertical rod 3 and the horizontal rod 5, and the outer sides of the first mounting rod 8 and the second mounting rod 9 are respectively provided with external threads that cooperate with the two moving cylinders 10, and the pitch of the external thread on the first mounting rod 8 is greater than the pitch of the external thread on the second mounting rod 9, so that the moving speed of the moving cylinder 10 on the inner side of the vertical rod 3 is greater than the moving speed of the moving cylinder 10 on the inner side of the horizontal rod 5, and the outer sides of the first mounting rod 8 and the second mounting rod 9 are provided with a cavity for the limited sliding of the moving cylinder 10. When the first mounting rod 8 and the second mounting rod 9 rotate, the corresponding moving cylinder 10 can be driven to move, and the mounting tube 1 and The inner sides of the bottom cylinder 6 are respectively fixedly connected to the outer sides of the two mobile cylinders 10, so that when the two mobile cylinders 10 are moving, the mounting tube 1 can move along the outer side of the vertical rod 3, and the bottom cylinder 6 can move along the outer side of the cross bar 5. Thus, after the height of the mounting tube 1 is adjusted, the bottom cylinder 6 can pull the diagonal support rod 7 to move synchronously, and the diagonal support rod 7 maintains support for the mounting tube 1. One end of the first mounting rod 8 and the second mounting rod 9 extend to the inner side of the bottom box 4. An adjusting rod 11 is rotatably installed between the two bottom boxes 4. The first mounting rod 8, the second mounting rod 9 and the outer sides of the adjusting rod 11 are fixedly installed with matching bevel gears 12. When the adjusting rod 11 is rotated, the first mounting rod 8 and the second mounting rod 9 can be driven to rotate synchronously by the bevel gear 12.

[0045] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6The present embodiment further illustrates the first embodiment. The bottom support mechanism shown in the figure includes two fixed plates 13 symmetrically fixedly installed on the outside of the bottom cylinder 6. When the bottom cylinder 6 moves, it can drive the fixed plate 13 to move synchronously. A U-shaped slide 14 is fixedly installed on the outside of the fixed plate 13, and the fixed plate 13 can drive the U-shaped slide 14 to move synchronously. A side support plate 15 is fixedly installed between the two U-shaped slides 14. The side support plate 15 is an inclined structure. The bottom of the side support plate 15 is on the same horizontal line as the bottom of the mounting foot 31. The side support plate 15 is located on the side of the bottom box 4 away from the cross bar 5, so that the side support plate 15 can provide auxiliary support for the bottom box 4. Three metal baffles 16 distributed at equal distances are fixedly installed on the outside of the side support plate 15. The side of the metal baffle 16 away from the side support plate 15 is an inclined structure, which is convenient for pushing away snow. As the height of the mounting tube 1 increases, The distance between the side support plate 15 and the bottom box 4 will also increase, providing support for the side of the bottom box 4 away from the cross bar 5, preventing the round steel pipe 2 from tilting forward due to strong winds outdoors, and realizing the stable positioning of the bottom box 4 and the bottom tube 6. Two symmetrically distributed mounting plates 17 are fixedly installed on the outer side of the cross bar 5, and a plurality of equally distributed roller rods 18 are fixedly installed on the outer side of the mounting plate 17. A pulley 19 is rotatably installed on the outer side of the roller rod 18. The pulley 19 is located on the inner side of the U-shaped slide 14. Two symmetrically distributed slides 20 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the U-shaped slide 14. The outer side of the slide 20 is an arc-shaped structure. The outer side of the pulley 19 is provided with an annular groove for the limited sliding of the slide 20, so that the U-shaped slide 14 can drive the slide 20 along the annular grooves on the plurality of pulleys 19 during movement, so that the pulley 19 provides support and guidance for the U-shaped slide 14.

[0046] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 5-Figure 8, this embodiment is further described for other embodiments. The pile insertion mechanism in the figure includes a positioning rod 21 rotatably mounted on the outside of the bottom box 4. One end of the positioning rod 21 extends to the inside of the bottom box 4. A positioning gear 22 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the positioning rod 21. A rack plate 23 is provided on the top of the positioning gear 22. The rack plate 23 cooperates with the positioning gear 22. The rack plate 23 is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the U-shaped slide 14. When the U-shaped slide 14 moves, it can drive the rack plate 23 to move synchronously, so that the rack plate 23 drives the positioning gear 22 to rotate, and the positioning The end of the rod 21 away from the bottom box 4 is fixedly installed with a tooth 24, which is an arc-shaped structure. The positioning gear 22 can drive the tooth 24 to rotate downward through the positioning rod 21, so that the tip of the tooth 24 is inserted into the soil. The rack plate 23 can drive the positioning gear 22 to rotate ninety degrees, thereby improving the grip of the bottom box 4 on the soil. A limit rod 32 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the mounting foot 31 below the bottom box 4 to provide a limit for the rotation of the tooth 24 and prevent the tooth 24 from rotating excessively. The limit rod 32 is located below the tooth 24 and is fixedly installed on the outer side of the tooth 24. There are multiple ratchet teeth 33 distributed at equal intervals, so that the tooth 24 can buckle the soil through the ratchet teeth 33. The end of the positioning rod 21 away from the tooth 24 is fixedly installed with a limit plate 25. The limit plate 25 is located on the inner side of the bottom box 4. The limit plate 25 can contact the inner side of the bottom box 4 to provide support for the positioning rod 21. A positioning block 26 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the bottom box 4. The outer side of the positioning block 26 contacts the outer side of the limit plate 25. A guide ring 27 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the positioning block 26. The limit plate 25 is located on the inner ring of the guide ring 27. The outer side of the limit plate 25 A slider 28 is fixedly installed and slidably installed on the outside of the guide ring 27. When the positioning rod 21 rotates, it can drive the slider 28 on the limit plate 25 to move along the outside of the guide ring 27. The guide ring 27 provides a guide for the movement of the slider 28. An arc spring 29 is provided on the outside of the guide ring 27. The arc spring 29 is fixedly installed between the slider 28 and the positioning block 26, so that when the rack plate 23 is away from the positioning gear 22, the elastic potential energy of the arc spring 29 is used to pull the slider 28 to move quickly, so that the tooth 24 can be quickly inserted into the soil.

[0047] Working principle: First, the staff places the mounting feet 31 at the bottom of the bottom box 4 and the mounting feet 31 at the bottom of the bottom tube 6 on the protection point. Then, the staff rotates the adjusting rod 11, so that the adjusting rod 11 drives the first mounting rod 8 and the second mounting rod 9 to rotate synchronously through three matching bevel gears 12. The first mounting rod 8 drives the moving cylinder 10 inside the vertical rod 3 to move along the cavity inside the vertical rod 3 through the external thread on its outer side, so that the moving cylinder 10 drives the mounting tube 1 to move upward along the outer side of the vertical rod 3. The two mounting tubes 1 can adjust the height of multiple round steel pipes 2. At the same time, the second mounting rod 9 drives The moving cylinder 10 inside the crossbar 5 moves along the cavity inside the crossbar 5, so that the moving cylinder 10 drives the bottom cylinder 6 to move along the outside of the crossbar 5 toward the bottom box 4. At this time, the mounting tube 1 and the bottom cylinder 6 respectively pull the two ends of the diagonal support rod 7 to move, adjust the angle of the diagonal support rod 7, keep the diagonal support rod 7 on the outside of the mounting tube 1, and ensure the resistance of the round steel pipe 2 to the avalanche air wave. At the same time, the bottom cylinder 6 drives the two fixed plates 13 on the outside thereof to move synchronously, so that the two fixed plates 13 respectively drive the two U-shaped slides 14 to move synchronously, and the slide bar 20 inside the U-shaped slide 14 moves along the annular groove of the multiple pulleys 19. , so that the U-shaped slide 14 steadily pushes the side support plate 15 away from the bottom box 4, providing auxiliary support for the side of the bottom box 4 away from the cross bar 5, so that when the strong wind outdoors passes from the rear of the round steel pipe 2, the round steel pipe 2 will not fall forward. At the same time, the U-shaped slide 14 drives the rack plate 23 to move synchronously, so that the rack plate 23 drives the positioning gear 22 to rotate, and the positioning gear 22 drives the positioning rod 21 to rotate synchronously, so that the positioning rod 21 drives the spline 24 and the limit plate 25 to rotate synchronously, and the limit plate 25 drives the slider 28 to move along the outer side of the guide ring 27 and releases the elastic potential energy of the arc spring 29, and the spline 24 swings downward. When the rack plate 23 moves away from the positioning gear 22, the elastic potential energy of the arc spring 29 is used to pull the slider 28 along the outer side of the guide ring 27, and the tooth 24 can be quickly inserted into the soil, so that the ratchet 33 is buckled in the soil, thereby improving the grip of the bottom box 4 and preventing the accumulation of snow at the bottom of the round steel pipe 2 from increasing. The tooth 24 provides a pulling force for the bottom box 4 to prevent the bottom box 4 from leaving the ground. Finally, when an avalanche occurs at the protection point, the pressure of the air wave is reduced by multiple round steel pipes 2, thereby achieving the effect of safety protection and stable positioning, and ensuring normal protection against avalanches.

[0048] Example 4: Please refer to Figures 9-12 , this embodiment further illustrates other embodiments, wherein a hard snow shield component and a flexible snow shield component are respectively and sequentially mounted above the mounting tube 1 and the round steel tube 2, and the hard snow shield component is located between the flexible snow shield component and the round steel tube 2;

[0049] The hard snow-blocking component includes a wall panel 34, a wall toe plate 37 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the wall panel 34 near one end of the flexible snow-blocking component, and a wall heel plate 38 is fixedly provided at the bottom of the wall panel 34 near one end of the round steel pipe 2, and a number of ribs 39 are fixedly provided between the angle between the wall heel plate 38 and the wall panel 34, and the wall toe plate 37 and the slider 28 are cast as one piece and fixed on the mountain.

[0050] The flexible snow-blocking component includes several steel columns 35 fixedly inserted inside the mountain, and several steel columns 35 are horizontally arranged in parallel on the mountain. A wire rope net 36 is fixedly connected between the upper and lower end surfaces of two adjacent steel columns 35, and a grille net 42 is fixedly arranged between the two adjacent steel wire rope nets 36. Anchor ropes 41 are also fixedly arranged between the top of the first and last steel columns 35 and the mountain, and several pressure relief rings 40 are fixedly arranged on the outer surfaces of the anchor ropes 41 and the grille net 42.

[0051] Technical solution (three-level combination system):

[0052] i. Flexible protective net: As the first level of interception, it uses a structure of columns, flexible metal mesh and pull-down anchor ropes. It absorbs impact kinetic energy through energy dissipation devices. The bottom of the mesh is redundantly designed to adapt to snow accumulation.

[0053] ii. Snow retaining wall: As the second-level snow-blocking structure, it is deployed in the estimated landing area of the projection trajectory. It is designed with an inclined angle to slow down the speed of the avalanche, and the wall is equipped with diversion grooves to disperse the air wave pressure.

[0054] iii. Snow interception grid: As the third level of protection, it is located downstream of the snow retaining wall and uses a modular grid structure to intercept residual snow. The grid porosity is dynamically adjusted according to the air wave attenuation requirements.

[0055] The system gradually reduces the energy and impact of avalanches through a staged interception process. A key innovation lies in theoretically determining the distances between the various structures, specifically the distance of snow projected behind the flexible net, to optimize their placement.

[0056] 2. Projectile distance calculation theory:

[0057] To determine the placement of snow walls and snow screens, this paper proposes a method for calculating the projectile distance based on avalanche dynamics, taking into account the climbing height and overflow models used in avalanche and debris flow dynamics research. The specific steps are as follows:

[0058] (1) Climbing height calculation: When an avalanche hits the flexible protective net, it will generate a climbing height h runup , can be estimated by the following formula:

[0059]

[0060] h flow : Avalanche flow depth (unit: meter), which can be estimated through field measurements or avalanche models.

[0061] v: The speed of the avalanche when it approaches the protection net (unit: meters per second), which can be calculated using the Voellmy model or other dynamic models.

[0062] g: acceleration due to gravity, 9.81 m / s 2 .

[0063] λ: An empirical coefficient that reflects the energy absorption characteristics of the protective net. For flexible protective nets, it is recommended to take λ = 0.5 to account for its flexible deformation and energy dissipation.

[0064] Overflow judgment: If h runup >h net , where h net is the effective height of the protective net, overflow occurs. The overflow height is:

[0065] h overflow =h runup -h net

[0066] Overflow velocity estimation: the velocity v of the overflowing snow body overflow It can be calculated approximately by energy conservation:

[0067] Calculation of ejection distance: The ejection distance d of the overflowing snow body can be estimated by the parabolic motion formula:

[0068]

[0069] θ: Projectile angle, usually assumed to be 45° to obtain maximum projectile distance.

[0070] (5) Determination of the layout location:

[0071] Snow retaining wall: It should be placed at a distance from the flexible protective net of d1>d+safety margin. The safety margin is recommended to be 20-30% of the projection distance to cope with uncertainty.

[0072] Snow barriers should be placed at a distance from the snow retaining wall where d2 > d1 + air wave propagation distance. The air wave propagation distance can be estimated to be 50-100 meters based on empirical data.

[0073] Its beneficial effects are:

[0074] 1. Comprehensive protection: The system intercepts the main body of the avalanche through flexible protective nets, captures the projectile snow through snow walls, and protects against air waves through snow barriers. It comprehensively responds to the various hazards of avalanches and provides stronger protection than a single structure.

[0075] 2. Energy absorption: The flexible protective net absorbs the kinetic energy of the avalanche through deformation, reducing the impact load of the downstream structure and extending the life of the protection system.

[0076] 3. Optimization design: based on the theoretical calculation formula of projectile distance Ensure that the layout of snow retaining walls and snow grilles is scientific and reasonable to avoid waste of resources.

[0077] 4. Strong adaptability: The system can adjust structural parameters according to different terrains, avalanche types (such as dry snow or wet snow) and scales, and is suitable for a variety of scenarios.

[0078] 5. Cost-effectiveness: Through precise deployment and multi-level protection, avalanche damage to downstream areas is reduced, reducing repair and reconstruction costs.

[0079] 6. Improved safety: Effectively protect key infrastructure such as residential areas and transportation routes, and reduce casualties and property losses.

[0080] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, control method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements that are inherent to such process, control method, article, or apparatus.

[0081] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A new type of avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system, characterized by: include: Two mounting tubes (1) are provided with a plurality of round steel tubes (2) equidistantly mounted between the two mounting tubes (1); a vertical rod (3) is slidably mounted on the inner side of the mounting tube (1); a bottom box (4) is mounted on the bottom end of the vertical rod (3); a cross rod (5) is mounted on the outer side of the bottom box (4); a bottom cylinder (6) is slidably mounted on the outer side of the cross rod (5); and a diagonal support rod (7) is hingedly mounted between the mounting tube (1) and the bottom cylinder (6); Also includes: An adjusting mechanism, used for adjusting the height of the mounting tube (1) and ensuring stable support of the mounting tube (1), the adjusting mechanism being installed on the inner side of the vertical rod (3); A bottom support mechanism, used to prevent the mounting tube (1) and the vertical rod (3) from tilting forward, the bottom support mechanism being installed on the outside of the bottom tube (6); The inserting mechanism is used for increasing the grip of the bottom box (4) on the ground, and the inserting mechanism is installed on the outside of the bottom box (4).

2. The novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The adjustment mechanism comprises a first mounting rod (8) rotatably mounted on the inner side of the vertical rod (3), a second mounting rod (9) rotatably mounted on the inner side of the horizontal rod (5), a moving cylinder (10) slidably mounted on the inner sides of the vertical rod (3) and the horizontal rod (5), the outer sides of the first mounting rod (8) and the second mounting rod (9) are provided with external threads respectively matched with the two moving cylinders (10), the inner sides of the mounting tube (1) and the bottom cylinder (6) are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the two moving cylinders (10), an adjusting rod (11) is rotatably mounted between the two bottom boxes (4), and the outer sides of the first mounting rod (8), the second mounting rod (9) and the adjusting rod (11) are fixedly mounted with matching bevel gears (12).

3. The novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system according to claim 2 is characterized by: The bottom support mechanism comprises two fixed plates (13) fixedly mounted on the outside of the bottom cylinder (6), a U-shaped slide (14) is mounted on the outside of the fixed plate (13), a side support plate (15) is fixedly mounted between the two U-shaped slides (14), three metal baffles (16) are fixedly mounted on the outside of the side support plate (15), two mounting plates (17) are fixedly mounted on the outside of the cross bar (5), a plurality of roller rods (18) are fixedly mounted on the outside of the mounting plate (17), a pulley (19) is rotatably mounted on the outside of the roller rod (18), two symmetrically distributed slides (20) are fixedly mounted on the inside of the U-shaped slide (14), and an annular groove for limiting the sliding of the slide (20) is provided on the outside of the pulley (19).

4. The novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system according to claim 3 is characterized by: The pile insertion mechanism comprises a positioning rod (21) rotatably mounted on the outside of the base box (4); a positioning gear (22) is fixedly mounted on the outside of the positioning rod (21); a rack plate (23) is provided on the top of the positioning gear (22); the rack plate (23) is fixedly mounted on the inside of the U-shaped slide (14); a spline (24) is fixedly mounted on one end of the positioning rod (21); a limiting plate (25) is fixedly mounted on one end of the positioning rod (21); a positioning block (26) is fixedly mounted on the inside of the base box (4); a guide ring (27) is fixedly mounted on the outside of the positioning block (26); a slider (28) is fixedly mounted on the outside of the limiting plate (25); and an arc spring (29) is provided on the outside of the guide ring (27).

5. The novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system according to claim 2 is characterized by: The top end of the installation tube (1) is in an inclined structure, and the outer side of the round steel tube (2) extends to the outer side of the installation tube (1).

6. The novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system according to claim 2 is characterized by: A plurality of reinforcement strips (30) are fixedly installed between the two installation tubes (1).

7. The novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system according to claim 3 is characterized by: The bottoms of the bottom box (4) and the bottom tube (6) are both fixedly mounted with mounting feet (31), and a limiting rod (32) is fixedly mounted on the outer sides of the mounting feet (31) below the bottom box (4).

8. The novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system according to claim 4 is characterized by: A plurality of ratchet teeth (33) distributed at equal intervals are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the inserting tooth (24).

9. The novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system according to claim 1 is characterized by: A hard snow blocking component and a flexible snow blocking component are respectively and sequentially mounted above the mounting tube (1) and the round steel tube (2), and the hard snow blocking component is located between the flexible snow blocking component and the round steel tube (2); The rigid snow-blocking component comprises a wall panel (34), a wall toe plate (37) is fixedly provided at the bottom of the wall panel (34) near one end of the flexible snow-blocking component, and a wall heel plate (38) is fixedly provided at the bottom of the wall panel (34) near one end of the round steel pipe (2), a plurality of supporting ribs (39) are fixedly provided between the angle between the wall heel plate (38) and the wall panel (34), and the wall toe plate (37) and the slider (28) are integrally cast and fixed on the mountain.

10. The novel avalanche air wave comprehensive protection system according to claim 9 is characterized by: The flexible snow-blocking component comprises a plurality of steel columns (35) fixedly inserted into the interior of the mountain, and the plurality of steel columns (35) are arranged in parallel on the mountain in a transverse manner. A wire rope net (36) is fixedly connected between the upper and lower end surfaces of two adjacent steel columns (35), and a grille net (42) is fixedly arranged between the two adjacent steel wire rope nets (36). An anchor rope (41) is also fixedly arranged between the top of the first and last steel columns (35) and the mountain, and a plurality of pressure relief rings (40) are fixedly arranged on the outer surfaces of the anchor rope (41) and the grille net (42).

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