A multi-dimensional parameter real-time monitoring system for multi-mode drilling process

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-mode drilling process multidimensional parameter real-time while drilling monitoring system, belong to while drilling monitoring technical field, solve the transient characteristic capture of the monitoring system matched with existing engineering drilling rig, data timeliness and diversity are deficient, application scene is limited and low in data reliability under strong vibration working condition, the system includes rock drilling subsystem, hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem, control subsystem and data acquisition monitoring subsystem;The application can carry out millisecond level real-time monitoring, data visualization and storage to the multidimensional parameters such as drilling distance, pressure, flow, frequency, displacement, acceleration etc. in the process of while drilling.The system is high in integration, response is fast, data is complete, and is strong in adaptability, significantly improve the reliability, effectiveness, comprehensiveness, timeliness of while drilling data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of drilling monitoring technology, specifically relating to a real-time drilling monitoring system for multi-dimensional parameters in a multi-mode drilling process. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial supporting field for infrastructure construction, geotechnical engineering relies heavily on the accurate acquisition of its core parameters (rock mass strength, integrity, structural features, and dynamic characteristics of strata) to directly determine the safety and efficiency of engineering design and construction. Traditional methods for obtaining geotechnical mechanical parameters mainly depend on laboratory tests and in-situ testing. However, these methods have significant limitations: Firstly, laboratory tests require drilling and sampling, but rock cores in complex strata are easily disturbed, resulting in samples that cannot accurately reflect the structural features of the in-situ rock mass. Secondly, in-situ testing often involves discrete point sampling, making it difficult to track dynamic strata changes in real time. Furthermore, single-hole construction has a long cycle and high cost, which cannot meet the needs of large-scale projects.

[0003] In reality, the construction processes of mines, tunnels, slopes, and other engineering projects require the drilling of numerous boreholes. The drilling data contains a wealth of information closely related to the strength, integrity, and structural surfaces of the drilled rock mass. Acquiring and utilizing this information to predict the quality of the drilled rock mass would be extremely effective. However, the lack of a comprehensive drilling-while-drilling monitoring system for complex processes makes it difficult to collect borehole data in real time, thus hindering the development of methods for characterizing rock and soil quality based on this data. Therefore, the development of a multi-mode drilling-while-drilling monitoring system is imperative.

[0004] Currently, the drilling rigs widely used in engineering projects suffer from the following significant problems, hindering the intelligent upgrading of drilling equipment and the real-time acquisition and display of drilling data: Severe Data Loss: Drilling operations are widespread in tunnel construction, slope protection, and geological exploration. For example, tunnel construction requires excavating blasting holes and grouting holes, slope protection requires drilling to install anchor bolts and cables, and geological exploration obtains rock core samples through rotary core drilling. These drilling operations often employ percussion drilling or rotary drilling methods, which, while efficient or capable of obtaining complete rock samples, typically lack data acquisition and monitoring capabilities. This results in the difficulty of acquiring drilling data in real-time and comprehensively, leading to a significant amount of data not being retained. Furthermore, complex geological conditions and working conditions during drilling pose severe challenges to the performance of drilling rigs, affecting both drilling efficiency and the validity and accuracy of the data. Low Data Acquisition Frequency: Current monitoring systems generally have low acquisition frequencies, failing to accurately capture transient parameter characteristics during drilling. Many drilling rigs are equipped with only low-frequency sensors, making it difficult to record the dynamic changes of important parameters such as impact pressure and vibration acceleration within a short period. This results in a lack of timeliness and comprehensiveness in the monitoring data, and the sampling intervals and accuracy of existing equipment are insufficient to meet the high-frequency monitoring requirements under complex geological conditions. Data acquisition is also lagging: Traditional drilling rigs often rely on manual recording of key parameters or intermittent data acquisition through simple instrument readings, failing to achieve continuous and dynamic monitoring of the drilling process. This makes it easy to miss critical changes during drilling, leading to potential equipment failures and construction anomalies. Especially in complex geological conditions or long-term continuous operations, the lack of real-time data support severely affects accuracy and response speed. Furthermore, most current drilling equipment can only operate in fixed modes, unable to flexibly adjust drilling methods according to changes in geological conditions. In actual engineering projects, the physical properties of different geological layers vary greatly, such as hard rock, soft soil, or water-rich strata, requiring corresponding mode switching based on different drilling needs. For example, in slope protection engineering, the impact-propulsion drilling mode is often used for the installation and protection of static precast steel sheet piles: the steel sheet piles need to be deeply embedded in complex soil and rock layers to form a stable support structure; in this case, the impact-propulsion mode drives the steel sheet piles downward through high-frequency impact force, which can efficiently penetrate hard soil and rock layers, ensuring the installation depth and stability of the steel sheet piles and providing reliable support for slope protection. In geological exploration core sampling operations, the rotary cutting drilling mode is widely used: by rotating the drill bit to cut the rock core, complete rock core samples can be collected for analysis of geological structure, mineral composition, and stratigraphic characteristics; this mode is suitable for soft soil layers or medium-hard rock layers, and can achieve high drilling accuracy while ensuring the integrity of the rock core.In the excavation and drilling of complex strata, a combined drilling mode of impact-rotation-push is used. This mode combines impact to break hard rock, rotation to cut soft rock, and push function, adapting to diverse stratum conditions. Its combined drilling characteristics can effectively reduce the impact of stratum changes on construction efficiency, increase the drilling speed, and ensure the safety of tunnel construction. However, existing drilling equipment usually can only select one drilling mode and cannot flexibly respond in complex geological environments, resulting in low drilling efficiency and even possible equipment damage or accidents due to inadaptability to stratum conditions.

[0005] Meanwhile, the monitoring systems supporting existing engineering drilling rigs still remain in the stage of "low dimension, low timeliness, and single mode", and are difficult to meet the requirements of efficient and safe construction of geotechnical engineering under complex geological conditions. The specific manifestations are the following technical pain points that need to be urgently solved:

[0006] Insufficient capture of transient characteristics: Dynamic parameters such as impact pressure and impact acceleration will show transient changes during the drilling process, and their key characteristics are crucial for understanding the response of rock and soil masses. However, most existing monitoring systems adopt low-frequency acquisition methods, with limited data volume collected, making it difficult to accurately depict the dynamic change trajectory of the entire drilling process, resulting in a lack of effective data support when establishing the relationship between drilling parameters and the drilled rock mass, predicting unknown stratum conditions, and forecasting rock mass quality.

[0007] Lack of data timeliness and diversity: Traditional monitoring systems have a single function and can only collect a small number of parameters, unable to comprehensively capture the multi-dimensional characteristics of rock layer changes, and difficult to achieve real-time monitoring and data collection during drilling. For example, under complex geological conditions, for the specific location and attribute characteristics of不良地质单元 (adverse geological units) around the borehole, existing systems are difficult to conduct accurate exploration, with problems such as lagging data sources and limited data types, unable to meet the requirements for refined analysis of the drilling process.

[0008] Limited application scenarios and low data reliability under strong vibration conditions: Current drilling systems usually only support a single drilling mode and are difficult to adapt to complex and variable geological conditions and diverse application scenarios. This limitation not only reduces construction efficiency but also restricts the adaptability of the drilling rig in different engineering environments. In addition, under strong vibration conditions, existing systems exhibit problems of low data reliability, such as data fluctuations and data stream disconnection caused by sensor failures, making the collected data often unable to be directly used, further affecting the effective monitoring and analysis of the drilling process.

[0009] Based on the above problems, we propose a multi-mode drilling process multi-dimensional parameter real-time monitoring system during drilling, which can switch drilling modes according to different stratum conditions and simultaneously achieve real-time, high-precision, high-frequency, and comprehensive data collection and monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a real-time monitoring system for multi-dimensional parameters during multi-mode drilling. This system solves the problems of insufficient transient feature capture, lack of data timeliness and diversity, limited application scenarios, and low data reliability under strong vibration conditions in existing engineering drilling rig-supporting monitoring systems.

[0011] This invention is implemented as follows: a real-time monitoring system for multi-dimensional parameters during multi-mode drilling, the system comprising:

[0012] The rock drilling subsystem performs impact, rotation, and propulsion operations during drilling. It supports three drilling modes: impact-propulsion, rotary-propulsion, and impact-rotary-propulsion, and dynamically switches between modes based on geological conditions. The main function of this subsystem is to efficiently transmit and convert externally input hydraulic and electrical energy into the impact, propulsion, and rotational kinetic energy required for drilling, and to coordinate and orderly apply this kinetic energy to the drill bit, thereby achieving stable and efficient operation in multiple drilling modes. The rock drill can adjust three parameters during drilling: impact pressure, propulsion pressure, and rotational speed. Adjusting the impact pressure regulates the impact power, while changes in propulsion pressure affect the contact force between the drill bit and the rock surface. Its impact and rotation modules are controlled separately by the control subsystem, thus enabling changes in drilling modes and parameters. In addition, the impact module and rotary module in the rock drilling subsystem are highly integrated with the control subsystem. The control subsystem monitors and precisely controls various parameters in real time to ensure efficient switching between different modes and parameter stability during drilling, thereby meeting the operational needs of various complex working conditions such as impact drilling, rotary cutting drilling and composite drilling.

[0013] The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem is used to provide stable and adjustable hydraulic energy to the system and realize real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of oil temperature, oil pressure and oil level. The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem includes a pump station frame, motor pump set, cooling device, oil tank assembly, filter and pressure control element. The motor pump set is connected to the oil tank assembly and filter respectively. The motor pump set, cooling device, oil tank assembly, filter and pressure control element are installed in the pump station frame respectively.

[0014] The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem converts electrical energy into stable hydraulic energy through internal devices, providing a stable power source for the rock drilling subsystem. The control subsystem and data acquisition and monitoring subsystem are integrated into the hydraulic pump station, enabling real-time monitoring and intelligent control of the system's operating status, automatically adjusting output pressure and flow to adapt to different working conditions. Simultaneously, the data acquisition module can record and analyze key parameters over a long period, providing reliable data support for equipment maintenance and fault diagnosis, significantly improving the system's operating efficiency and reliability.

[0015] The control subsystem is used to coordinate the operation of each subsystem in real time, control the switching of drilling modes and the adjustment of rock drilling posture. The control subsystem includes a control cabinet, a PLC controller, a CAN bus, and a wireless remote controller. The control cabinet is connected to the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem, and the PLC controller and CAN bus are integrated into the control cabinet.

[0016] The data acquisition and monitoring subsystem is used to monitor the drilling process of the rock drilling subsystem in real time, collecting multi-dimensional parameters. It supports real-time data display, alarm prompts, historical playback, and local storage. The data acquisition and monitoring subsystem includes a data acquisition card, an industrial control computer, a UPS power supply, and a distributed sensor group. The data acquisition card is electrically connected to the industrial control computer, and the distributed sensor group is communicatively connected to the data acquisition card. The multi-dimensional parameters of the drilling process include drilling stroke, drilling speed, impact pressure, impact flow rate, impact frequency, rotational pressure, rotational speed, propulsion pressure, propulsion force, impact acceleration, and other parameters.

[0017] The rock drilling subsystem includes:

[0018] A rock drill, which is used to perform multi-mode drilling operations, is fixed inside a propulsion trolley. A drill bit clamp is installed on the rock drill, and the drill bit clamps and holds a drill rod. A drill bit is fixedly installed on the drill rod.

[0019] The trolley is mounted on the push beam, and a push motor is fixedly connected to one side of the trolley.

[0020] A propulsion motor is used to drive the propulsion trolley, and the propulsion motor is fixedly connected to the propulsion trolley through a propulsion beam. The propulsion motor is installed inside the lifting device.

[0021] A lifting device is provided, located below the push beam, and is used to adjust the working height of the rock drill.

[0022] A transverse base is used to support the lifting device, and the transverse base is fixedly connected to the pump station frame;

[0023] The hydraulic control valve platform is fixedly installed on one side of the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem. The hydraulic control valve platform receives hydraulic energy and electrical energy from the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem and transmits the energy to the rock drill and the propulsion motor respectively.

[0024] The lateral movement cylinder is installed inside the lateral movement base and is used to convert hydraulic energy into kinetic energy for movement. The lateral movement cylinder is connected to the bottom of the lifting device.

[0025] A variable diameter connecting sleeve is installed between the rock drill and the drill rod, and the variable diameter connecting sleeve is fixedly connected to the rock drill and the drill rod respectively;

[0026] The trolley buffer, installed at the rear of the rock drill, is used to prevent the trolley from being damaged by excessively rapid backward movement.

[0027] Furthermore, the main components of the rock drilling subsystem include a rock drill and corresponding supporting drill bits, propulsion components, lifting devices, and a lateral base. The rock drill can adjust three parameters during drilling: impact pressure, propulsion pressure, and rotation speed. Adjusting the impact pressure allows for adjustment of the impact power, while changes in propulsion pressure affect the contact force between the drill bit and the rock surface. Its impact and rotation modules are controlled separately by the control subsystem, thus enabling changes to the drilling mode and parameters. The propulsion components include a propulsion motor, propulsion trolley, propulsion beam, aluminum slider bracket, trolley buffer, trolley pipe support, and the propulsion system is connected to the rock drill in the power system. The propulsion trolley is connected to the rock drill at three fixed points on the support plate. When the rock drill needs to move forward, the propulsion motor drives the propulsion beam to move the rock drill forward. The lifting device and lateral base allow the rock drill to move vertically and horizontally within a 1m range, enabling a 1m sample drilling surface. 2 Drilling can be performed at any location within the specified range. The lifting device, traverse device, drill bit clamp, compensation advance, and impact, rotation, and propulsion actions during drilling are all powered by a hydraulic system. The traverse device is installed at the bottom of the support system and connected to the ground via bolts to ensure overall stability.

[0028] The cooling device in the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem is an air cooler. The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem also includes an air compressor. The pressure control components include a pump group pressure regulating valve, a motor-water pump group, an oil mist lubricator, an oil mist lubrication interface, a water pump inlet, and a pressure oil port. The oil tank assembly serves as a reservoir for hydraulic oil, used for replenishing and replacing hydraulic oil. The air compressor provides compressed air to the pneumatic components in the system. The filter is used to filter impurities generated during the use of hydraulic oil, preventing impurities from damaging the machine. The motor-water pump group is used to circulate coolant or other working fluids. The oil mist lubricator and oil mist lubrication interface are used to convert lubricating oil into tiny oil mist particles and transport them to the friction parts via airflow.

[0029] Furthermore, the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem includes a pump station frame as the main structure, used to house various equipment and instruments, including a motor, air cooler, oil tank assembly, air compressor, filter, pump set pressure regulating valve, motor-water pump set, oil mist lubricator, oil mist lubrication interface, water pump, and pressure oil port. To reduce space requirements and increase mechanical integration, all the above-mentioned devices, along with the control subsystem cabinet and data acquisition and monitoring subsystem cabinet, are integrated into the hydraulic pump station.

[0030] The distributed sensor group is installed at the corresponding position of the rock drilling subsystem. The distributed sensor group is used to collect various parameters of the rock drilling subsystem in real time during the drilling process, and can realize real-time stable monitoring of multi-dimensional parameters under strong vibration conditions. The distributed sensor group includes pressure sensor, proximity switch sensor, draw rope displacement sensor, gear flow sensor, tension sensor, and acceleration sensor.

[0031] Among them, the pressure sensor is used to measure the impact pressure, propulsion pressure, rotation pressure and system pressure respectively; the proximity switch sensor is used to measure the impact frequency and rotation speed; the pull rope displacement sensor is used to measure the forward displacement and drilling speed; the gear flow sensor is used to measure the flushing water flow rate; the tension sensor is used to measure the propulsion pressure; and the acceleration sensor is used to measure the vibration acceleration. It is a single crystal silicon capacitive sensor.

[0032] Furthermore, the pressure sensors are used to measure impact pressure, propulsion pressure, rotational pressure, and system pressure. All pressure sensors use robust stainless steel housings, which can withstand strong impacts and vibrations, operate stably, and can be used for long-term data acquisition during drilling.

[0033] The proximity switch sensor is used to measure impact frequency and rotational speed. The rotational speed sensor is a photoelectric proximity sensor, characterized by its resistance to oil mist, strong vibration, and high visibility. It measures rotational speed and can detect objects within 8mm. A protruding iron block, welded to the drill pipe sleeve at a distance of 3mm, moves with the drill bit, causing the sleeve and drill pipe to rotate once. Each rotation of the drill bit and sleeve results in the iron block approaching the rotational speed sensor probe once, triggering the proximity switch.

[0034] The draw-wire displacement sensor is used to measure the forward displacement and drilling speed. The draw-wire displacement sensor has advantages such as high resistance to impact, strong vibration, and electromagnetic compatibility, and can operate stably for a long time, outputting accurate stroke parameters. The drilling speed v is obtained according to the following formula:

[0035] In the formula: s t Let t be the drilling progress at time t, and Δt be the calculation time interval, set to 0.1s;

[0036]

[0037] Furthermore, the gear flow sensor is used to determine the flow rate of flushing water. It has a built-in double gear and calculates the volume of the medium through the high-precision gear volume. It can accurately and continuously measure the flow rate of impact water under strong vibration.

[0038] The tension sensor is used to measure the propulsion pressure. It adopts an S-shaped shear structure, which has high measurement accuracy, high sensitivity, strong vibration resistance, and simple use. It is installed between the rock drill base and the propulsion chain to directly measure the tension transmitted from the chain to the rock drill during the rock drilling process, i.e. the propulsion force during drilling.

[0039] Furthermore, the accelerometer is used to measure vibration acceleration. It is a single-crystal silicon capacitive sensor, consisting of a silicon chip that has undergone micromachining, a low-power ASIC for signal adjustment, and a microprocessor for storing compensation values.

[0040] Furthermore, the data acquisition system comprises an industrial control computer and its built-in data acquisition card, a UPS battery, and data acquisition software. The high-precision data acquisition card can achieve a high acquisition frequency of 2kHz, meaning it collects data every 1 / 2000th of a second, a frequency sufficient to observe the rapid changes in key parameters. The UPS battery provides power backup, preventing data loss due to sudden power outages. The data acquisition software, written in a graphical programming language, enables real-time data display, data storage, and data playback. Data files are saved in a designated folder after recording is complete.

[0041] Furthermore, the control subsystem mainly consists of a PLC controller, a wireless remote controller, sensors and solenoid valves, hydraulic actuators, and an alarm device. The drilling posture refers to the release and sequence of actions during drilling; the drilling modes include impact propulsion drilling mode, rotary cutting propulsion mode, and combined drilling mode, with the combined drilling mode being an impact-rotary cutting-propulsion mode; the adjusted drilling parameters include impact pressure, rotational speed, and propulsion pressure; the PLC controller controls the normal operation of all circuits and oil lines, and is equipped with a wireless remote controller receiver to receive commands sent by the remote controller to control various operations of the rock drill, thereby adjusting the drilling mode and drilling parameters. The solenoid valves are used to control the on / off state and flow rate of the fluid medium, thereby adjusting the rock drill's posture and operation; the wireless remote controller allows the operator to operate the machine from a safe distance.

[0042] The hydraulic control valve platform includes:

[0043] The MDV valve assembly is located within the hydraulic control valve console and is used for opening, closing, balancing, and discharging the input signals of the differential pressure transmitter and pressure transmitter, as well as controlling the pressure, flow rate, and temperature parameters of the fluid.

[0044] The hydraulic cylinder control valve assembly is fixedly installed inside the hydraulic control valve console and is used to control the input and output of hydraulic oil.

[0045] The pressure reducing valve assembly is located on one side of the cylinder control valve assembly and is used to smoothly release the energy in the hydraulic oil when drilling is completed.

[0046] Junction box, used to organize the pipelines entering and exiting the hydraulic control valve panel;

[0047] At least one quick-connect coupling is detachably mounted on the side wall of the hydraulic control valve console;

[0048] Pipeline brackets are used to support pipelines that enter the hydraulic control valve console;

[0049] Among them, the system pressure sensor, impact pressure sensor, rotation pressure sensor, and propulsion pressure sensor are centrally installed on the upper side wall of the hydraulic control valve platform.

[0050] The data acquisition card has a sampling frequency of no less than 2kHz, and the distributed sensor group is used to monitor and acquire multi-dimensional drilling parameters such as drilling progress, speed, pressure, flow rate, frequency, and acceleration in real time.

[0051] In the drilling modes of the rock drilling subsystem, the drill bit used in the impact-propulsion mode is a down-the-hole drill bit with a size range of 35mm-110mm. The drill bit used in the rotary cutting-propulsion mode is a PDC drill bit and a core drill bit. The drill bit used in the impact-rotary cutting-propulsion composite drilling mode is a ball tooth drill bit, including 7-tooth and 9-tooth drill bits, with a size range of 35mm-110mm.

[0052] Furthermore, the data acquisition and monitoring subsystem includes 10 high-precision sensors installed at corresponding locations on the rock drilling subsystem. These sensors are used to collect various parameters of the rock drilling subsystem during the drilling process in real time and can achieve real-time stable monitoring of multi-dimensional parameters under strong vibration conditions. These include 4 pressure sensors, 2 proximity switch sensors, 1 draw rope displacement sensor, 1 gear flow sensor, 1 tension sensor, and 1 acceleration sensor. The subsystem is also equipped with high-precision data visualization software, which allows users to view the collected drilling data on-site immediately. In addition, the subsystem supports high-speed data transmission, ensuring that the drilling data can be transmitted to the industrial control computer for storage within milliseconds.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of this application have the following main advantages:

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the multi-mode drilling process multi-dimensional parameter real-time monitoring system consists of a rock drilling subsystem, a hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem, a control subsystem, and a data acquisition and monitoring subsystem. The rock drilling subsystem can flexibly switch between three drilling modes: impact-propulsion, rotary cutting-propulsion, and combined impact-rotary cutting-propulsion, to adapt to the operational needs under different geological conditions. The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem integrates motor pump units, coolers, filters, and other devices, automatically adjusting output pressure and flow in real time to ensure a stable power source. The control subsystem uses a PLC as its core, combined with a CAN bus and wireless remote control, to achieve attitude adjustment, mode switching, and closed-loop control of key parameters. The data acquisition and monitoring subsystem is equipped with a 2kHz high-frequency data acquisition card, an industrial computer, a UPS power supply, and 10 types of high-precision sensors, enabling millisecond-level real-time monitoring, data visualization, and storage of multi-dimensional parameters such as drilling distance, pressure, flow rate, frequency, displacement, and acceleration during the drilling process. This system features high integration, fast response, complete data, and strong adaptability, significantly improving the reliability, effectiveness, comprehensiveness, and timeliness of drilling data.

[0055] This invention enables real-time acquisition and monitoring of a large amount of multi-dimensional parameter data during drilling, thereby obtaining the dynamic trends of various parameters such as drilling distance, impact pressure, vibration acceleration, and rotational speed. Through high-frequency acquisition, it achieves precise monitoring of key information. Furthermore, this invention possesses a high level of real-time monitoring and mode adaptability to meet the experimental needs of complex geotechnical engineering problems, providing reliable data support and technical assurance for efficient and safe drilling under complex geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-mode drilling process multi-dimensional parameter real-time monitoring system provided by the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rock drilling subsystem and the installation positions of some sensors provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting device provided by the present invention.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a front view of the rock drill provided by the present invention.

[0060] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the drill bit provided by the present invention.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the trolley buffer provided by the present invention.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transverse base provided by the present invention.

[0063] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic control valve platform provided by the present invention.

[0064] Figure 9 This is an internal front view of the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 10 This is an internal side view of the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 11 This is an architecture diagram of the control subsystem provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] In the diagram: 1-Rock drilling subsystem, 2-Hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem, 3-Control subsystem, 4-Data acquisition and monitoring subsystem, 101-Rock drill, 102-Propeller beam, 103-Lifting device, 104-Hydraulic control valve platform, 105-Propeller trolley, 106-Propeller motor, 107-Horizontal movement base, 108-Drill rod, 109-Drill clamp, 110-Compensation cylinder, 111-Aluminum slider bracket, 112-Scissor top frame, 113-Drill bit, 114-Reducing diameter connecting sleeve, 115-Trolley buffer, 116-Trolley pipe support, 117-Horizontal movement cylinder, 118-MDV valve group, 119-Cylinder control valve group, 120-Pressure reducing valve group, 121-Junction box, 122-Quick-change connector, 123-Pipeline bracket;

[0068] 201-Pump station frame, 202-Motor pump set, 203-Air cooler, 204-Oil tank assembly, 205-Air compressor, 206-Filter, 207-Pump set pressure regulating valve, 208-Motor water pump set, 209-Oil mist lubricator, 210-Oil mist lubrication interface, 211-Water pump suction port, 212-Pressure oil port;

[0069] 401-Speed ​​sensor, 402-Impact acceleration sensor, 403-Rope displacement sensor, 404-Tension sensor, 405-System pressure sensor, 406-Impact pressure sensor, 407-Rotation pressure sensor, 408-Propulsion pressure sensor, 409-Gear flow sensor, 410-Impact frequency sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0070] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein in the specification of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or foregoing drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order.

[0071] Existing monitoring systems for engineering drilling rigs suffer from insufficient transient feature capture, lack of data timeliness and diversity, limited application scenarios, and low data reliability under strong vibration conditions. To address these issues, we propose a real-time, multi-dimensional parameter monitoring system for multi-mode drilling processes. This system comprises a rock drilling subsystem 1, a hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2, a control subsystem 3, and a data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4. The rock drilling subsystem 1 can flexibly switch between three drilling modes: impact-propulsion, rotary cutting-propulsion, and a combination of impact-rotary cutting-propulsion, to adapt to operational needs under different geological conditions. The hydraulic pump... The station auxiliary subsystem 2 integrates motor pumps, coolers, filters, and other devices, automatically adjusting output pressure and flow in real time to ensure a stable power source. The control subsystem 3, centered on a PLC and utilizing a CAN bus and wireless remote control, enables attitude adjustment, mode switching, and closed-loop control of key parameters. The data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4, equipped with a 2kHz high-frequency data acquisition card, industrial computer, UPS power supply, and 10 types of high-precision sensors, allows for millisecond-level real-time monitoring, data visualization, and storage of multi-dimensional parameters such as drilling distance, pressure, flow rate, frequency, displacement, and acceleration during drilling. This system boasts high integration, rapid response, complete data, and strong adaptability, significantly improving the reliability, effectiveness, comprehensiveness, and timeliness of drilling data. This embodiment of the invention can capture a large amount of multi-dimensional parameter data in real time during drilling through drilling acquisition and monitoring, thereby obtaining the dynamic trends of various parameters, such as drilling distance, impact pressure, vibration acceleration, and rotational speed. Furthermore, through high-frequency acquisition, it achieves precise monitoring of key information. Meanwhile, this invention also has a high level of real-time monitoring and mode adaptation capability to meet the experimental needs of complex geotechnical engineering problems, and provides reliable data support and technical guarantee for efficient and safe drilling under complex geological conditions.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] This invention provides a real-time monitoring system for multi-dimensional parameters during multi-mode drilling, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the multi-mode drilling process multi-dimensional parameter real-time monitoring system specifically includes:

[0074] The rock drilling subsystem 1 is used to perform impact, rotation, and propulsion operations during drilling. It supports three drilling modes: impact-propulsion, rotary-propulsion, and impact-rotary-propulsion, and dynamically switches between these modes based on geological conditions. The main function of the rock drilling subsystem 1 is to efficiently transmit and convert externally input hydraulic and electrical energy into the impact energy, propulsion energy, and rotational kinetic energy required for drilling, and to coordinate and orderly apply this kinetic energy to the drill bit 113, thereby achieving stable and efficient operation under various drilling modes. The rock drill 101 can adjust three parameters during drilling: impact pressure, propulsion pressure, and rotational speed. Adjusting the impact pressure allows for adjustment of the impact power, while changes in the propulsion pressure affect the contact force between the drill bit 113 and the rock surface. Its impact module and rotation module are controlled by the control subsystem 3, thus enabling changes in drilling modes and parameters. In addition, the impact module and rotation module in the rock drilling subsystem 1 are highly integrated with the control subsystem 3. The control subsystem 3 monitors and precisely controls various parameters in real time to ensure efficient switching between modes and parameter stability during drilling, thereby meeting the operational needs of various complex working conditions such as impact drilling, rotary drilling and composite drilling.

[0075] It should be noted that in the drilling modes of rock drilling subsystem 1, the drill bit 113 used in the impact-propulsion mode is a down-the-hole drill bit with a size range of 35mm-110mm. The drill bit 113 used in the rotary cutting-propulsion mode is a PDC drill bit and a core drill bit. The drill bit 113 used in the impact-rotary cutting-propulsion composite drilling mode is a ball tooth drill bit, including 7-tooth and 9-tooth drill bits, with a size range of 35mm-110mm.

[0076] The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 is used to provide stable and adjustable hydraulic energy to the system and realize real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of oil temperature, oil pressure and oil level. The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 includes a pump station frame 201, a motor pump set 202, a cooling device, an oil tank assembly 204, a filter 206 and pressure control elements. The motor pump set 202 is connected to the oil tank assembly 204 and the filter 206 respectively. The motor pump set 202, the cooling device, the oil tank assembly 204, the filter 206 and the pressure control elements are installed in the pump station frame 201 respectively.

[0077] Control subsystem 3 is used to coordinate the operation of each subsystem in real time, control the switching of drilling mode and the adjustment of rock drilling posture. Control subsystem 3 includes a control cabinet, a PLC controller, a CAN bus and a wireless remote controller. The control cabinet is connected to the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2, and the PLC controller and CAN bus are integrated in the control cabinet.

[0078] The data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4 is used to monitor the multi-dimensional parameters of the drilling process collected by the rock drilling subsystem 1 in real time, and supports real-time data display, alarm prompts, historical playback and local storage. The data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4 includes a data acquisition card, an industrial control computer, a UPS power supply and a distributed sensor group. The data acquisition card is electrically connected to the industrial control computer, and the distributed sensor group is communicatively connected to the data acquisition card. The multi-dimensional parameters of the drilling process include drilling stroke, drilling speed, impact pressure, impact flow rate, impact frequency, rotation pressure, rotation speed, propulsion pressure, propulsion force and impact acceleration.

[0079] The multi-mode drilling process multi-dimensional parameter real-time monitoring system provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a rock drilling subsystem 1, a hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2, a control subsystem 3, and a data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4. The control subsystem 3 is connected to the rock drilling subsystem 1, the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2, and the data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4. The rock drilling subsystem 1 and the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 are connected to electrical wires via hydraulic transmission pipelines. The control subsystem 3 and the data acquisition subsystem 4 are respectively integrated in the control subsystem box and the data acquisition and monitoring subsystem box, and are mounted on the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2.

[0080] It should be noted that the rock drilling subsystem 1 includes:

[0081] A rock drill 101 is used to perform multi-mode drilling operations. The rock drill 101 is fixed inside the propulsion trolley 105. A chisel clamp 109 is installed on the rock drill 101. The chisel clamp 109 clamps and installs a chisel rod 108. A drill bit 113 is fixedly installed on the chisel rod 108.

[0082] A push trolley 105 is mounted on a push beam 102, and a push motor 106 is fixedly connected to one side of the push trolley 105.

[0083] The propulsion motor 106 is used to drive the propulsion trolley 105, and the propulsion motor 106 is fixedly connected to the propulsion trolley 105 through the propulsion beam 102. The propulsion motor 106 is installed in the lifting device 103.

[0084] A lifting device 103 is provided below the push beam 102 and is used to adjust the working height of the rock drill 101.

[0085] The transverse base 107 is used to support the lifting device 103, and the transverse base 107 is fixedly connected to the pump station frame 201.

[0086] The hydraulic control valve platform 104 is fixedly installed on one side of the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2, and the hydraulic control valve platform 104 receives hydraulic energy and electrical energy from the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 and transmits the energy to the rock drill 101 and the propulsion motor 106 respectively.

[0087] A transverse hydraulic cylinder 117 is installed inside the transverse base 107 to convert hydraulic energy into kinetic energy for movement, and the transverse hydraulic cylinder 117 is connected to the bottom of the lifting device 103.

[0088] A variable diameter connecting sleeve 114 is disposed between the rock drill 101 and the drill rod 108, and the variable diameter connecting sleeve 114 is fixedly connected to the rock drill 101 and the drill rod 108 respectively.

[0089] The trolley buffer 115 is installed behind the rock drill 101 to prevent the trolley 105 from being damaged by excessively fast backward movement.

[0090] like Figure 2 As shown, the rock drill 101 is fixed to the propulsion trolley 105 at three fixed positions. The drill rod 108 is mounted on the rock drill 101 and held by the drill clamp 109. The tightness of the drill clamp 109 can be used to achieve emergency stops during drilling, preset drilling parameters, and reduce the deflection of the drill rod 108. The propulsion motor 106 is fixed at the rear of the propulsion trolley 105 to provide power to the propulsion trolley 105. The propulsion trolley 105 is mounted above the propulsion beam 102 to make the drilling process smooth and straight. The hydraulic control valve platform 104 receives hydraulic and electrical energy from the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2, and realizes its adjustment and monitoring, and transmits the energy to the rock drill 101 and the propulsion motor 106 respectively. The lifting device 103 is located below the propulsion beam 102, which enables the rock drill 101 to move 1m vertically. The distance; the lateral base 107 is located below the lifting base, enabling the rock drill 101 to achieve a displacement distance of 1m in both the front-to-back and left-to-right directions; the speed sensor 401 is installed next to the drill rod 108, on which a reflective strip is installed. The speed sensor 401 measures the rotational speed by emitting infrared light and receiving reflected light; the impact acceleration sensor 402 is installed between the drill rod 108 and the rock drill 101, accurately and quickly identifying each impact; the rope displacement sensor 403 is installed in front of the propulsion trolley 105 and above the propulsion beam 102, with one end installed at the end of the propulsion beam 102. At the same time, a tension sensor 404 is also installed on the front side of the propulsion trolley 105, which is fixedly connected to the end of the rope. When the propulsion trolley 105 moves forward, the rope lengthens, identifying the drilling displacement.

[0091] like Figures 3-4 As shown, the push trolley 105 is connected to the push beam 102 via a bracket aluminum slider 111 to reduce the resistance to movement; the compensation cylinder 110 provides the required energy to the rod clamp 109;

[0092] like Figure 5 As shown, the drill bit 113 is threaded to the chisel 108, and the chisel 108 is connected to the rock drill 101 through the reducing sleeve 114.

[0093] like Figure 6 As shown, the trolley buffer 115 is installed behind the rock drill 101 to prevent the trolley from being damaged by excessively fast backward movement. The trolley pipe support 116 is fixed behind the propulsion trolley 105 to fix the hydraulic transmission pipeline.

[0094] like Figure 7 As shown, a lateral movement cylinder 117 is installed on the lateral movement base 107 to convert hydraulic energy into kinetic energy for movement.

[0095] like Figure 8 The diagram shown is an internal schematic of the hydraulic control valve console 104, which includes:

[0096] MDV valve assembly 118 is installed in the hydraulic control valve console 104 and is used for opening, closing, balancing and discharging operations of the differential pressure transmitter and pressure transmitter input signals, and for controlling the pressure, flow and temperature parameters of the fluid.

[0097] The cylinder control valve assembly 119 is fixedly installed inside the hydraulic control valve panel 104 and is used to control the input and output of hydraulic oil.

[0098] The pressure reducing valve assembly 120 is located on one side of the cylinder control valve assembly 119 and is used to smoothly release the energy in the hydraulic oil when drilling is completed.

[0099] Junction box 121 is used to organize the pipelines entering and exiting the hydraulic control valve panel 104;

[0100] At least one quick-connect coupling 122 is detachably mounted on the side wall of the hydraulic control valve console 104;

[0101] Pipeline bracket 123 is used to support pipelines entering the hydraulic control valve seat 104;

[0102] Among them, the system pressure sensor 405, the impact pressure sensor 406, the rotation pressure sensor 407, and the propulsion pressure sensor 408 are centrally installed on the upper side wall of the hydraulic control valve platform 104.

[0103] It should be noted that the MDV valve assembly 118 is used for the opening, closing, balancing, and discharge operations of the input signals of the differential pressure transmitter and pressure transmitter, and is a device for controlling parameters such as fluid pressure, flow rate, and temperature; the cylinder control valve assembly 119 is also used to control the input and output of hydraulic oil; the pressure reducing valve assembly 120 is used to smoothly release the energy in the hydraulic oil when drilling ends; the junction box 121 is used to organize the pipelines entering and exiting the hydraulic control valve platform 104; the quick-change connector 122 is a quick-change connector that can increase the machine's expandability and maintainability; and the pipeline bracket 123 is used to support the pipelines entering the hydraulic control valve platform 104, ensuring that the entering pipelines are straight and not affected by pipeline bends. The system pressure sensor 405, impact pressure sensor 406, rotation pressure sensor 407, and propulsion pressure sensor 408 are uniformly and centrally installed on the upper side wall, connected to the respective hydraulic pipelines for transmitting hydraulic energy, and monitoring the values ​​therein. The gear flow sensor 409 is installed on the impact water flow generating device to monitor the magnitude of the water impact flow. The impact frequency sensor 410 is installed on the side wall of the hydraulic control valve platform 104, without directly contacting the impact source, and can monitor the impact frequency stably for a long time under the premise of effectively monitoring the impact frequency.

[0104] like Figures 9-10 The diagram shows the front and side views of the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2. The cooling device in the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 is an air cooler 203. The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 also includes an air compressor 205. Pressure control components include a pump group pressure regulating valve 207, a motor-driven water pump group 208, an oil mist lubricator 209, an oil mist lubrication interface 210, a water pump suction port 211, and a pressure oil port 212. The oil tank assembly 204 serves as a hydraulic oil storage tank for replenishing and replacing hydraulic oil. The air compressor 205 provides compressed air to the pneumatic components in the system. The filter 206 filters impurities generated during the use of hydraulic oil to prevent impurities from damaging the machine. The motor-driven water pump group 208 circulates coolant or other working fluids. The oil mist lubricator 209 and the oil mist lubrication interface 210 convert lubricating oil into tiny oil mist particles, which are then transported to friction components via airflow. The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 is mainly structured by a pump station frame 201, which houses and loads various equipment and instruments. The hydraulic pump includes a motor pump assembly 202, an air cooler 203, an oil tank assembly 204, an air compressor 205, a filter 206, a pump assembly pressure regulating valve 207, a motor-driven water pump assembly 208, an oil mist lubricator 209, an oil mist lubrication interface 210, a water pump suction port 211, and a pressure oil port 212. The oil tank assembly 204 is equipped with an air filter, a return oil filter, a level indicator, and a temperature sensor. An alarm will be triggered when the level or temperature is abnormal.

[0105] The motor-pump unit 202 draws hydraulic oil from the oil tank assembly 204 and pushes it to the motor-pump unit 208 and other parts, while regulating the hydraulic flow and pressure through the pump unit pressure regulating valve 207. The air cooler 203 reduces the hydraulic oil temperature to cope with the high temperatures that may be generated during system operation. Excessive oil temperature will reduce oil viscosity, reduce the working efficiency of hydraulic components, and damage some seals and other internal parts that are not resistant to high temperatures. The oil tank assembly 204 is a hydraulic oil storage tank used for replenishing and replacing hydraulic oil. The air compressor 205 provides compressed air to the pneumatic components in the system. The filter 206 is used to filter impurities generated during the use of hydraulic oil, mainly air in the hydraulic oil, to prevent impurities from damaging the machine. The motor-pump unit 208 is used to circulate coolant or other working fluids, further ensuring the stability of equipment operation. The oil mist lubricator 209 and the oil mist lubrication interface 210 are used to convert lubricating oil into tiny oil mist particles and transport them to friction parts through airflow, reducing friction and increasing lubrication. The water circuit control component includes a water pump suction port 211 and inlet / outlet water pipes, with the flushing water pressure fixed at 8 bar. The oil temperature in the tank and the impact return oil temperature are each monitored in real time by a temperature sensor with a measurement range of 0-100℃. An alarm will be triggered when the oil temperature exceeds the warning value.

[0106] like Figure 11 The control subsystem 3 shown includes a control cabinet, a PLC controller, a CAN bus, a wireless remote controller, a DC power supply, and various receiving and processing components. The PLC controller is the core component of the control subsystem 3, responsible for controlling the entire test system; the CAN bus is distributed throughout the rock drilling subsystem 1 and other parts, responsible for transmitting control commands; the wireless remote controller is responsible for remote operation, mode switching, etc.

[0107] In addition to the 10 high-precision anti-vibration sensors mentioned above that monitor different parameters, the data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4 also includes a high-frequency data acquisition card with a frequency of up to 2KHz, which records and collects data every 0.5s to ensure real-time monitoring and acquisition of key drilling data; an industrial control computer responsible for real-time recording of the collected drilling data; and a UPS uninterruptible power supply to ensure real-time power supply and data recording safety in case of emergencies.

[0108] Example 2

[0109] Furthermore, the rock drilling subsystem 1 of the multi-mode drilling process multi-dimensional parameter real-time monitoring system provides hydraulic energy from components in the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2, providing an energy source for the operation of the entire device.

[0110] The key component of the rock drilling subsystem 1 is the rock drill 101. The rock drill 101 converts the hydraulic energy transmitted from the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 into the kinetic energy of the rock drill 101's impact and rotation. The rock drill 101 can adjust three parameters during drilling, including impact pressure (bar), propulsion pressure (bar), and rotation speed (rpm).

[0111] The impact propulsion mode, rotary cutting propulsion mode, and combined drilling mode are suitable for different geological conditions and drilling requirements. The impact propulsion mode combines impact and propulsion. The system uses high-frequency impact force to quickly penetrate the rock with the down-the-hole drill bit, using impact energy to break the rock mass. The thrust keeps the drill bit firmly attached to the drilling surface. The down-the-hole drill bit has a high-strength and impact-resistant structure to adapt to continuous high-frequency impact work. The rotary cutting propulsion mode combines rotary cutting and propulsion. Rotary motion causes the PDC drill bit or core drill bit to generate shear force upon contact with the rock, accompanied by axial propulsion force, allowing the drill bit to gradually penetrate deeper into the rock mass. The design features of the PDC drill bit enable it to efficiently cut rock on hard cutting surfaces, making it suitable for softer or medium-hard geological conditions. The core drill bit and matching drill rod 108 can be used to obtain geological cores for subsequent analysis. The composite drilling mode combines the advantages of impact and rotary cutting, and is further aided by propulsion. The composite drilling mode is not a simple superposition of the three motions, but rather impact-rotation-propulsion all need to be precisely controlled by the control subsystem 3 according to the actual situation, and released sequentially or simultaneously. The ball tooth drill bit used in the composite drilling mode is designed to achieve the synergistic effect of impact and rotation. The drill bit 113 not only relies on impact force to break rocks, but also further enhances drilling efficiency through rotational shearing force.

[0112] To ensure that various drilling modes can function effectively, the system is equipped with corresponding drilling kits: the rotary cutting propulsion mode uses PDC rotary cutting drill bits and rotary cutting drill rods, or core drilling bits and core drill rods; the impact propulsion mode uses down-the-hole drill bits and down-the-hole drill rods; the combined drilling mode uses 7-tooth or 9-tooth ball drill bits and matching ball drill rods; each drill rod 108 can be quickly connected to the corresponding drill bit 113 to fully utilize the capabilities of the drill bit 113, and various drill rods 108 can be quickly and conveniently connected to the rock drill 101 via a reducing coupling 114.

[0113] The rock drill 101's propulsion function is jointly achieved by the propulsion trolley 105, propulsion motor 106, propulsion beam 102, aluminum slider bracket 111, and scissor top frame 112, providing stable and efficient propulsion power for drilling. The propulsion trolley 105 is mounted above the propulsion beam 102 via the aluminum slider bracket 111, which is fixedly mounted on the scissor top frame 112, which is housed within the lifting device 103. The propulsion motor 106 is installed behind the propulsion trolley 105. The rock drill 101 is supported above the propulsion trolley 105, and the propulsion motor 106 is responsible for transmitting propulsion force to the drill bit 113. The trolley's sliding track design ensures smooth and precise movement. Power is transmitted to the propulsion beam 102 via the propulsion motor 106. The propulsion beam 102 simultaneously transmits the force effectively to the propulsion trolley 105, which directly propels the sample forward. Its motion accuracy is fine-tuned by the compensating cylinder 110 to ensure stability and precision during long-term high-load operation.

[0114] The lifting device 103, the lateral base 107, and the lateral cylinder 117 are also used for equipment stability and working face adjustment, ensuring that the device can adapt to different working environments during drilling. The drill bit chuck 109 is used to fix the drill rod or drill bit 113, preventing displacement or loosening during drilling. The drill bit chuck 109 is designed with an adjustable retraction size to accommodate drill bits of different sizes. The compensating forward device is used to adjust for mechanical deviations or imbalances that occur during propulsion, maintaining stable propulsion of the drill bit 113 and thus improving drilling accuracy. The lifting device 103 enables vertical position adjustment of the drill bit 113 or the rock boring machine, suitable for scenarios requiring drilling to different depths. The lateral base 107 and the lateral cylinder 117 are used to adjust the horizontal position of the equipment, allowing the system to flexibly respond to changes in different geological conditions and drilling requirements.

[0115] Understandably, the multi-mode combination of three drilling modes solves the problem that traditional drilling rigs cannot simultaneously handle multiple drilling control conditions or complex geological conditions, thus improving drilling efficiency and reducing the difficulty of data acquisition.

[0116] Example 3

[0117] The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 utilizes advanced energy conversion technology to ensure stable hydraulic energy output. This feature not only provides reliable power for the rock drilling subsystem 1 but also reduces equipment wear and operational delays caused by hydraulic instability. Stable power support is particularly important during long-term, high-intensity operations, directly improving production efficiency and reducing operating costs.

[0118] The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 can automatically adjust the output hydraulic energy according to the specific working environment, ensuring that the drilling parameters remain constant and exhibiting strong adaptability to various working conditions. Whether facing hard or soft rock, the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem can ensure stable hydraulic energy output.

[0119] Understandably, under complex and variable geological conditions, the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 can respond quickly and optimize output, enabling the rock drilling subsystem 1 to achieve more stable drilling, maintain optimal working conditions, and ensure the stability of the set drilling parameters and the effectiveness of the collected drilling parameters.

[0120] Example 4

[0121] Based on any of the above embodiments, the control subsystem 3 mainly consists of a PLC controller, a wireless remote controller, a DC power supply, and various sensor actuators. It features a compact layout and modular structure, offering significant advantages such as rapid response, stability, reliability, and remote control. After system startup, the PLC controller monitors and adjusts the working status of all circuits and oil circuits in real time through a preset program, maintaining high-speed data exchange with sensors such as the rotary pressure sensor 407 and components such as solenoid valves. The operator can precisely control the rock drill 101's attitude adjustment, drilling speed, impact frequency, and other action modes from a safe distance using only the function keys on the wireless remote controller. The remote control signal is decoded by the receiver and transmitted to the PLC in real time. The PLC then drives actuators such as electronic valves and proportional valves to adjust the drilling action and attitude for each drilling action, ensuring precise positioning for every impact, rotary cutting, and advance.

[0122] Control subsystem 3 features high reliability and redundant protection. The PLC controller has self-testing, fault diagnosis, and automatic switching functions. If any unexpected circuit or oil circuit abnormalities are detected during drilling, protective measures can be quickly implemented, and alarm information can be sent via the CAN bus and control cable to minimize the risk of equipment failure. Furthermore, it can monitor data recording in real time and adjust the operating status and working parameters at any moment through bidirectional communication between the wireless remote controller receiver and the PLC, ensuring the stability of the set parameters during drilling. In case of an emergency during drilling, all power output will be immediately cut off. The control cabinet adopts a flexible modular design, allowing the various functional modules within the cabinet—PLC, power supply module, wireless communication module, and drive module—to be quickly disassembled, moved, and expanded according to project needs, facilitating maintenance and upgrades. The control subsystem 3 also incorporates highly efficient algorithms for refined control and energy saving, ensuring efficient drilling progress while reducing energy consumption and hydraulic system wear, thus significantly extending equipment lifespan. The control subsystem 3 also features robust safety protection functions, with a wireless remote control distance of 10-15 meters, keeping operators away from hazardous areas. Multiple safety limit switches and emergency stop logic are embedded in the PLC program; in the event of overload, overpressure, or signal interruption, the system can immediately enter a safe shutdown mode to protect personnel and equipment safety.

[0123] Understandably, the control subsystem 3 not only improves the operating efficiency and reliability of the rock drill 101, but also greatly simplifies the on-site operation process, providing a solid guarantee for efficient and safe construction under complex working conditions.

[0124] Example 5

[0125] Based on any of the above embodiments, the data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4 of the present invention features multi-dimensional parameter acquisition and real-time acquisition of drilling data. It mainly includes a high-precision, high-frequency data acquisition card, an industrial control computer (ICC), professional data display software, and a UPS uninterruptible power supply system. The distributed sensor group is installed at the corresponding position of the rock drilling subsystem 1. The distributed sensor group is used to acquire various parameters of the rock drilling subsystem 1 during the drilling process in real time and can achieve real-time stable monitoring of multi-dimensional parameters under strong vibration conditions. The distributed sensor group includes a pressure sensor, a proximity switch sensor, a draw rope displacement sensor 403, a gear flow sensor 409, a tension sensor 404, an acceleration sensor, and a covering... The system features a variety of high-performance anti-vibration sensors for 10 key drilling parameters. These sensors are distributed and installed at optimal locations on the drilling rig, covering important parameters such as pressure, flow rate, displacement, acceleration, and rotational speed. They not only offer fast response and high measurement accuracy but are also resistant to high impact, oil contamination, and extreme environments, enabling continuous output of stable and reliable high-quality data streams under harsh conditions. The high-precision, high-frequency data acquisition card adopts an industrial-grade design, supporting sampling frequencies up to 2kHz, i.e., acquiring data every 0.5 milliseconds. It can accurately capture instantaneous changes in key parameters during the operation of the rock drilling rig in real time, ensuring that no detailed features of the drilling data are missed, and providing a solid data foundation for subsequent scientific research, operating condition optimization, and fault diagnosis.

[0126] It should be noted that the data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4 includes 10 high-precision sensors installed at corresponding positions on the rock drilling subsystem 1. These sensors are used to acquire various parameters of the rock drilling subsystem 1 during the drilling process in real time and can achieve real-time stable monitoring of multi-dimensional parameters under strong vibration conditions. These sensors include 4 pressure sensors, 2 proximity switch sensors, 1 draw rope displacement sensor 403, 1 gear flow sensor 409, 1 tension sensor 404, and 1 acceleration sensor. The subsystem is also equipped with high-precision data visualization software, which allows users to immediately view the acquired drilling data on-site. Furthermore, the subsystem supports high-speed data transmission, ensuring that the drilling data can be transmitted to the industrial control computer for storage within milliseconds. The sampling frequency of the data acquisition card is no less than 2kHz. The distributed sensor group is used to monitor and acquire multi-dimensional drilling parameters such as drilling stroke, speed, pressure, flow rate, frequency, and acceleration in real time.

[0127] Understandably, compared to traditional low-frequency sampling systems, the data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4 can still ensure the continuity and integrity of data during periods of drastic changes in drilling or strong impact and vibration.

[0128] The data acquisition software features a graphical user interface with multiple functions including real-time data acquisition, data display, data storage, and historical data playback, offering intuitive and convenient operation. Various drilling parameters acquired are dynamically displayed in real-time on the software interface, allowing test personnel to immediately monitor the progress of the experiment and the equipment's operating status. Simultaneously, all acquired data is automatically stored in a standardized format on the high-speed hard drive of the industrial control computer, enabling time-segmented and category-based data management, significantly improving the efficiency of data processing and subsequent analysis. The industrial control computer, as the system's central hub, employs vibration-resistant, dustproof, and interference-resistant design, ensuring stable operation for extended periods in various complex field environments. Its powerful computing and storage capabilities guarantee the efficient execution of large-scale continuous data acquisition and processing. To prevent data loss due to sudden power outages, the system is equipped with a UPS uninterruptible power supply system. In the event of external power failure, the UPS can immediately switch to battery power, continuously supplying power to the industrial control computer and data acquisition cards, ensuring the complete preservation of test data and the orderly shutdown of the system, significantly enhancing the data security of the entire monitoring subsystem.

[0129] Understandably, compared to traditional data acquisition methods, the data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4 features real-time and full-element acquisition, effectively acquiring instantaneous key data during the drilling process in a strong vibration environment, ensuring the validity and security of the data.

[0130] Example 6

[0131] The multi-mode drilling process multi-dimensional parameter real-time monitoring system constructed in this invention has a highly integrated rock drilling subsystem 1 and an intelligent hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2. It can select and switch between three modes of drilling—impact propulsion, rotary cutting propulsion, and composite drilling—according to different rock hardness and structural characteristics, ensuring the best rock breaking efficiency under various stratum conditions. At the same time, the system is equipped with a 2kHz high-frequency, high-precision anti-strong vibration data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4, which can capture multi-dimensional dynamic parameters such as drilling progress, impact pressure, vibration acceleration, rotation speed, and propulsion pressure in real time, and monitor transient impact peaks, displacement fluctuations, and energy changes in an all-round way. The hydraulic pump station maintains the system in optimal operating conditions and responds quickly to changes in drilling load by automatically adjusting the oil pump output flow and pressure, combined with temperature, oil level, and filter alarm functions.

[0132] Understandably, this system addresses a series of shortcomings in traditional drilling, such as delayed mode switching, delayed data acquisition, insufficient data types, inability to collect key data, and low data validity under strong vibration conditions. Through the cooperation of various systems, this system can monitor and acquire multi-dimensional parameters in real time during the drilling process under strong vibration conditions, and can record key information data occurring within milliseconds, ensuring the reliability, validity, comprehensiveness, and timeliness of the data. This provides crucial data support for improving drilling efficiency and construction safety under complex geological conditions.

[0133] In summary, this invention provides a real-time monitoring system for multi-dimensional parameters during multi-mode drilling, comprising a rock drilling subsystem 1, a hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2, a control subsystem 3, and a data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4. The rock drilling subsystem 1 can flexibly switch between three drilling modes: impact-propulsion, rotary cutting-propulsion, and a combination of impact-rotary cutting-propulsion, to adapt to operational needs under different geological conditions. The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem 2 integrates a motor pump unit, cooler, filter, and other devices, automatically adjusting output pressure and flow in real time to ensure a stable power source. The control subsystem 3, based on a PLC, utilizes a CAN bus and wireless remote control to achieve attitude adjustment, mode switching, and closed-loop control of key parameters. The data acquisition and monitoring subsystem 4 is equipped with a 2kHz high-frequency data acquisition card, an industrial computer, a UPS power supply, and 10 types of high-precision sensors, enabling millisecond-level real-time monitoring, data visualization, and storage of multi-dimensional parameters such as drilling distance, pressure, flow rate, frequency, displacement, and acceleration during the drilling process. This system boasts high integration, rapid response, complete data, and strong adaptability, significantly improving the reliability, effectiveness, comprehensiveness, and timeliness of drilling data. This invention can capture a large amount of multi-dimensional parameter data in real time during drilling through data acquisition and monitoring, thereby obtaining the dynamic trends of various parameters, such as drilling distance, impact pressure, vibration acceleration, and rotational speed. Furthermore, through high-frequency acquisition, it achieves precise monitoring of key information. Simultaneously, this invention also possesses a high level of real-time monitoring and mode adaptability to meet the experimental needs of complex geotechnical engineering problems, providing reliable data support and technical assurance for efficient and safe drilling under complex geological conditions.

[0134] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0135] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still combine, add, delete, or otherwise adjust the features of the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict or creative effort, thereby obtaining different technical solutions that do not fundamentally depart from the concept of the present invention. These technical solutions are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring system for multi-dimensional parameters during multi-mode drilling, characterized in that, The system includes: a rock drilling subsystem for performing impact, rotation, and propulsion operations during drilling, supporting three drilling modes: impact-propulsion, rotary-propulsion, and impact-rotary-propulsion, and dynamically switching drilling modes based on geological conditions; a hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem for providing stable and adjustable hydraulic energy to the system and achieving real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of oil temperature, oil pressure, and oil level, wherein the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem includes a pump station frame, a motor pump unit, a cooling device, an oil tank assembly, a filter, and pressure control components, the motor pump unit being connected to the oil tank assembly and the filter respectively, and the motor pump unit, cooling device, oil tank assembly, filter, and pressure control components being installed within the pump station frame; and a control subsystem. The system is used to coordinate the operation of various subsystems in real time, control the switching of drilling modes and the adjustment of rock drilling posture. The control subsystem includes a control cabinet, a PLC controller, a CAN bus, and a wireless remote controller. The control cabinet is connected to the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem, and the PLC controller and CAN bus are integrated into the control cabinet. The data acquisition and monitoring subsystem is used to monitor the drilling process of the rock drilling subsystem in real time, and supports real-time display of data, alarm prompts, historical playback and local storage. The data acquisition and monitoring subsystem includes a data acquisition card, an industrial control computer, a UPS power supply and a distributed sensor group. The data acquisition card is electrically connected to the industrial control computer, and the distributed sensor group is communicatively connected to the data acquisition card. The rock drilling subsystem includes: a rock drill for performing multi-mode drilling operations, the rock drill being fixed inside a propulsion trolley, a drill bit clamping device on the rock drill holding a drill rod, and a drill bit fixedly mounted on the drill rod; a propulsion trolley mounted on a propulsion beam, with a propulsion motor fixedly connected to one side of the propulsion trolley; a propulsion motor for driving the propulsion trolley, fixedly connected to the propulsion trolley via the propulsion beam, and housed within a lifting device; a lifting device located below the propulsion beam, used to adjust the working height of the rock drill; and a transverse base for supporting the lifting device, fixedly connected to the pump station frame. The cooling device in the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem is an air cooler. The hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem also includes an air compressor. The pressure control components include a pump group pressure regulating valve, a motor-water pump group, an oil mist lubricator, an oil mist lubrication interface, a water pump inlet, and a pressure oil port. The oil tank assembly serves as a reservoir for hydraulic oil, used for replenishing and replacing hydraulic oil. The air compressor provides compressed air to the pneumatic components in the system. The filter is used to filter impurities generated during the use of hydraulic oil, preventing impurities from damaging the machine. The motor-water pump group circulates coolant or other working fluids. The oil mist lubricator and oil mist lubrication interface are used to convert lubricating oil into tiny oil mist particles and transport them to the friction parts via airflow. The distributed sensor group is installed at the corresponding position of the rock drilling subsystem. The distributed sensor group is used to collect various parameters of the rock drilling subsystem in real time during the drilling process, and can realize real-time stable monitoring of multi-dimensional parameters under strong vibration conditions. The distributed sensor group includes a pressure sensor, a proximity switch sensor, a draw rope displacement sensor, a gear flow sensor, a tension sensor, and an acceleration sensor. Among them, the pressure sensor is used to measure the impact pressure, propulsion pressure, rotation pressure, and system pressure, respectively; the proximity switch sensor is used to measure the impact frequency and rotation speed; the draw rope displacement sensor is used to measure the forward displacement and drilling speed; the gear flow sensor is used to measure the flushing water flow rate; the tension sensor is used to measure the propulsion pressure; and the acceleration sensor is used to measure the vibration acceleration. It is a single-crystal silicon capacitive sensor. The rock drilling subsystem also includes: a hydraulic control valve platform, fixedly installed on one side of the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem, which receives hydraulic and electrical energy from the hydraulic pump station auxiliary subsystem and transmits the energy to the rock drill and the propulsion motor respectively; a lateral movement cylinder, installed in the lateral movement base, used to convert hydraulic energy into kinetic energy for movement, and connected to the bottom of the lifting device; a variable diameter connecting sleeve, located between the rock drill and the drill rod, and fixedly connected to the rock drill and the drill rod respectively; and a trolley buffer, installed behind the rock drill to prevent the propulsion trolley from being damaged by excessively rapid backward movement. The hydraulic control valve platform includes: an MDV valve assembly, which is installed inside the hydraulic control valve platform and is used for opening, closing, balancing, and discharging the input signals of the differential pressure transmitter and pressure transmitter, and for controlling the pressure, flow rate, and temperature parameters of the fluid; a cylinder control valve assembly, which is fixedly installed inside the hydraulic control valve platform and is used to control the input and output of hydraulic oil; a pressure reducing valve assembly, which is located on one side of the cylinder control valve assembly and is used to smoothly release the energy in the hydraulic oil when drilling ends; a junction box for organizing the pipelines entering and exiting the hydraulic control valve platform; at least one set of quick-connect couplings, which are detachably installed on the side wall of the hydraulic control valve platform; and a pipeline bracket for supporting the pipelines entering the hydraulic control valve platform. The system pressure sensor, impact pressure sensor, rotation pressure sensor, and propulsion pressure sensor are centrally installed above the side wall of the hydraulic control valve platform. The data acquisition card has a sampling frequency of no less than 2kHz, and the distributed sensor group is used to monitor and acquire multi-dimensional drilling parameters such as drilling progress, speed, pressure, flow rate, frequency, and acceleration in real time.

2. The real-time monitoring system for multi-dimensional parameters during multi-mode drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the drilling modes of the rock drilling subsystem, the drill bit used in the impact-propulsion mode is a down-the-hole drill bit with a size range of 35mm-110mm. The drill bit used in the rotary cutting-propulsion mode is a PDC drill bit and a core drill bit. The drill bit used in the impact-rotary cutting-propulsion composite drilling mode is a ball tooth drill bit, including 7-tooth and 9-tooth drill bits, with a size range of 35mm-110mm.

Images