Air spring with adjustable structure

Abstract

The structure-adjustable air spring comprises a piston, a leather bag and a blanking cap, the piston is formed by connecting an upper shell and a lower shell to form a first air cavity, the lower shell is sleeved with the leather bag, the leather bag and the lower shell define a second air cavity, the upper shell of the piston comprises a first sealing section, and the lower shell comprises a second sealing section; the blanking cap comprises a long blanking cap body and a short blanking cap body which can be installed in an interchangeable mode, the two ends of the long blanking cap body are in sealed connection with the first sealing section and the second sealing section respectively when the long blanking cap body is assembled, and therefore the first air cavity is isolated from the second air cavity, only the second air cavity participates in work, the working size is reduced, and rigidity is increased. When the short blanking cap is assembled, only one end is in sealed connection with the first sealing section, the other end is separated from the second sealing section, and the first air cavity is communicated with the second air cavity, so that the working volume is increased, the rigidity is reduced, and the air spring can be switched between the large volume and the small volume by installing blanking caps of different structures, thereby realizing rigidity adjustment and being universal for single-cavity and double-cavity air springs; and the development cost and mold requirements of the air spring are obviously reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile suspension, and in particular relates to an air spring with adjustable structure. Background Art

[0002] At present, passenger car air springs (empty springs) are mainly divided into two structures: single-chamber and double-chamber. The single-chamber air spring has a simple structure and only contains a single air chamber, but its stiffness adjustment range is limited; the double-chamber air spring can achieve air chamber volume switching and stiffness adjustment by adding a valve body assembly and a split-chamber design, but it requires the additional development of a valve body system, which is complex and costly. The piston or air chamber structure of the single-chamber air spring and the double-chamber air spring is significantly different, resulting in the need for independent mold manufacturing for the two, which has high development costs. In addition, if the stiffness requirement of the single-chamber air spring deviates significantly from the initial design during the adjustment process, the piston needs to be re-molded to meet the volume adjustment requirements, further increasing the development cycle and cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art mentioned above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an air spring with adjustable structure, which can achieve the versatility of single-cavity and double-cavity air springs by configuring plugs with different structures inside the piston, flexibly adjust the working volume and stiffness of the air spring, and effectively reduce the development cycle and cost.

[0004] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides an air spring with adjustable structure, comprising:

[0005] A piston comprising an upper shell and a lower shell, wherein the upper shell and the lower shell are connected to form a first air cavity;

[0006] a leather bag, sleeved on the lower shell and connected with the lower shell to form a second air cavity;

[0007] a plug cover, mounted on the piston, comprising a long plug cover and a short plug cover that can be interchangeably mounted, wherein when the long plug cover is mounted on the piston, it isolates the first air cavity and the second air cavity, and when the short plug cover is mounted on the piston, it connects the first air cavity and the second air cavity;

[0008] By installing the long plug cover or the short plug cover in the piston, a sealing structure is formed to isolate or connect the first air cavity and the second air cavity respectively, so as to realize the switching of the working volume and the adjustment of the stiffness.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the upper shell includes a first sealing segment extending in the axial direction, and the lower shell includes a second sealing segment extending in the axial direction;

[0010] The two ends of the long plugging cover are respectively sealed with the first sealing section and the second sealing section, and the short plugging cover is sealed with the first sealing section and is separated from the second sealing section.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the long plug cover comprises:

[0012] a first connecting portion, cooperating with the first sealing segment, wherein a first sealing groove is formed on a surface of the first connecting portion cooperating with the first sealing segment and recessed along a circumferential direction;

[0013] a second connecting portion, engaged with the second sealing segment, wherein a second sealing groove is formed on a surface of the second connecting portion engaged with the second sealing segment and recessed along a circumferential direction;

[0014] The sealing member is embedded in the first sealing groove and the second sealing groove, and the long plug cover is sealedly connected to the upper shell and the lower shell through the sealing member to isolate the first air cavity and the second air cavity.

[0015] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the short plugging cover is cooperatively connected with the first sealing segment, and a third sealing groove is formed on the surface of the short plugging cover that cooperates with the first sealing segment in a circumferential direction, and the sealing member is embedded in the third sealing groove to achieve a sealed connection between the short plugging cover and the upper housing;

[0016] The short plugging cover is separated from the second sealing section to connect the first air cavity and the second air cavity.

[0017] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the sealing member is an O-ring.

[0018] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, an axial limiting member is further included, and the end of the blocking cover away from the second sealing section is connected to the upper shell through the axial limiting member.

[0019] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the axial limiting member is a retaining spring, which is installed at one end of the blocking cover away from the second sealing section. A retaining spring groove is provided on the upper shell, and the retaining spring is embedded in the retaining spring groove to achieve axial positioning of the blocking cover.

[0020] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the retaining spring groove is arranged in a continuous ring shape along the circumferential direction of the upper shell, and the side of the retaining spring groove close to the first sealing section and the side of the blocking cover away from the second sealing section are connected by a retaining spring to form an axial limiting mating surface.

[0021] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a handle is further provided inside the blocking cover. The handle is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the blocking cover and has a through hole formed therein.

[0022] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the handle and the main body of the blocking cover are an integrally-molded structure.

[0023] The technical effect of the present invention is that, by utilizing the design of different structural plugging covers and different connection methods with the piston, the size and volume of the empty spring can be switched by assembling different plugging covers, thereby realizing the adjustment of the stiffness of the empty spring, and realizing the universality of single and double-cavity empty springs, reducing the demand for independent mold opening of the piston and reducing development costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-cavity hollow spring;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a double-cavity hollow spring;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a space-time spring with a long blocking cover installed in an optional embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a space-time spring with a short blocking cover installed in an optional embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a long blocking cover in an optional embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A top view of a long plug cover in an optional embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a long plug cover in an optional embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a short blocking cover in an optional embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 A top view of a short plug cover in an optional embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 It is a cross-sectional view of a short plugging cover in an optional embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Description of labels:

[0036] 100, piston; 200, bladder; 300, plugging cover; 400, first air cavity; 500, second air cavity; 600, sealing element; 700, axial stopper;

[0037] 110, upper shell; 120, lower shell; 111, first sealing section; 121, second sealing section;

[0038] 310, long plug cover; 320, short plug cover; 330, handle; 331, through hole;

[0039] 311, first sealing groove; 312, second sealing groove; 321, third sealing groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. The details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other unless they conflict.

[0041] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are merely schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the illustrations only show components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape, and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity, and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complex.

[0042] See also Figures 1 to 2 At present, the most widely used air spring structures in domestic passenger cars include single-cavity air spring 10 and double-cavity air spring 20. The single-cavity air spring 10 has only one air chamber, and its structure and process are relatively simple. Taking the air spring assembly as an example, it is mainly composed of upper connecting assembly, piston, retaining ring, bladder, aluminum sleeve, dust cover, lower mounting assembly and other components. The double-cavity air spring 20 adds a valve body assembly and an air supply unit. The inner cavity of the bladder and the lower swing seat and the lower base of the piston form a first chamber, and the inner walls after the upper base and the lower base of the piston are connected form an air intake channel and a second chamber. A valve body is installed in the lower base of the piston. The valve body is used to open or close the connecting through hole between the first chamber and the second chamber, which can realize the switching of single and double chambers of the air spring and further realize the stiffness adjustment. At present, the main problem in the early stage of development of single-cavity and double-cavity air springs is the different structures of the pistons (or air chambers). The pistons (or air chambers) need to be molded separately. For single-cavity air springs, if the release stiffness after adjustment is significantly different from the early design input, it exceeds the adjustment bandwidth of the truncation. In order to match the adjustment stiffness requirements, the piston needs to be re-molded, resulting in increased costs.

[0043] See also Figures 3 to 10The present invention proposes an air spring with adjustable structure, including a piston 100, a bladder 200 and a plug 300. By assembling plugs 300 of different structures in the piston 100, the volume of the air spring can be switched, thereby adjusting the size and stiffness of the air spring, and realizing the universality of single and double-cavity air springs. The piston 100 is connected by an upper shell 110 and a lower shell 120 to form a first air chamber 400. The bladder 200 is sleeved on the lower shell 120 and enclosed with the lower shell 120 to form a second air chamber 500; the plug 300 is installed on the piston 100, and the plug 300 includes a long plug 310 and a short plug 320 that can be installed interchangeably. By selecting to install the long plug 310 or the short plug 320 in the piston 100, a sealing structure that isolates or connects the first air chamber 400 and the second air chamber 500 can be formed respectively, thereby realizing the switching of the working volume of the air spring and the adjustment of the stiffness.

[0044] Specifically, see Figures 3 and 4 When the long plug cap 310 is assembled on the piston 100, the first and second air chambers 400 and 500 are isolated, with only the second air chamber 500 participating in the operation. The empty spring is in a small volume and high stiffness state, suitable for high-load or sporty driving modes. When the short plug cap 320 is assembled, the first and second air chambers 400 and 500 are connected, allowing the gases in the two chambers to freely exchange and work together. The empty spring is in a large volume and low stiffness state, suitable for operating conditions where comfort is prioritized. This design allows stiffness adjustment by simply replacing the plug cap 300 without changing the main structure of the piston 100. When the long plug cap 310 is assembled, the small volume of the dual-cavity empty spring can be used to achieve high stiffness adjustment. When the short plug cap 320 is assembled, the large volume of the dual-cavity empty spring can be used to achieve low stiffness adjustment. By assembling plug caps 300 of different structures, the empty spring volume can be switched and the stiffness of the empty spring can be adjusted. This allows the use of both single-cavity and dual-cavity empty springs, significantly reducing the development cost and mold requirements of single-cavity and dual-cavity empty springs.

[0045] See also Figures 3 and 4 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the upper shell 110 includes a first sealing section 111 extending in the axial direction, and the lower shell 120 includes a second sealing section 121 extending in the axial direction; the two ends of the long plug cover 310 are sealedly connected to the first sealing section 111 and the second sealing section 121 respectively, while the short plug cover 320 is only sealedly connected to the first sealing section 111 and is separately arranged from the second sealing section 121. The axially extending sealing section structure provides an installation reference for the plug cover 300, facilitates assembly, and allows the plug cover 300 to be adaptively adjusted within a certain tolerance range during installation to ensure the sealing effect. The double-end seal of the long plug cover 310 can completely isolate the two air cavities, while the single-end seal of the short plug cover 320 allows the two air cavities to be connected, thereby achieving volume switching through the length difference of the plug cover 300.

[0046] Through standardized design, the long plug cover 310 and the short plug cover 320 both use the same outer diameter reference and axial positioning structure to ensure that the installation position in the piston 100 cavity is consistent. During operation, only the plug cover 300 needs to be replaced. There is no need to adjust the piston 100 body or the air path connection structure to complete the switching of the overall structure and stiffness mode. The main structure of the piston 100 remains universal and does not require independent mold opening. Only the plug cover 300 component needs to be molded independently. Compared with the traditional single-cavity and double-cavity air springs that require the development of piston 100 molds separately, the mold investment cost is significantly reduced while shortening the production cycle.

[0047] See also Figure 3 as well as Figures 5 to 7 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the long plug cover 310 includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion, the first connecting portion is cooperated with the first sealing segment 111, and the upper edge of the surface where the first connecting portion cooperates with the first sealing segment 111 is circumferentially recessed to form a first sealing groove 311, the second connecting portion is cooperated with the second sealing segment 121, and the upper edge of the surface where the second connecting portion cooperates with the second sealing segment 121 is circumferentially recessed to form a second sealing groove 312, and the control of the cooperation ensures smooth assembly while preventing gas leakage; the sealing member 600 is embedded in the first sealing groove 311 and the second sealing groove 312 to achieve double sealing between the long plug cover 310 and the upper and lower shells 120 of the piston 100, and the long plug cover 310 is sealedly connected to the upper shell 110 and the lower shell 120 through the sealing member 600 to isolate the first air cavity 400 from the second air cavity 500. The two ends of the long plug cover 310 are respectively connected to the upper shell 110 and the lower shell 120 through the seal 600 to ensure that the first air cavity 400 and the second air cavity 500 are completely isolated to avoid gas leakage. The axially extended sealing section design allows the plug cover 300 to be inserted along a fixed path during installation, avoiding the problem of loose sealing caused by radial deviation and improving the sealing reliability.

[0048] See also Figure 4 as well as Figures 8 to 10In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the short plug cover 320 is mated with the first sealing section 111. A third sealing groove 321 is formed circumferentially along the upper edge of the surface where the short plug cover 320 mates with the first sealing section 111. A seal 600 is inserted into the third sealing groove 321 to achieve a sealed connection between the short plug cover 320 and the upper housing 110. The other end of the short plug cover 320 is separated from the second sealing section 121, thereby connecting the first air chamber 400 and the second air chamber 500. The short plug cover 320 and the first sealing section 111 are sealed at one end by the seal 600, preventing gas leakage from the piston 100 cavity. The other end remains separated from the second sealing section 121, leaving a sufficient flow channel. This allows the first air chamber 400 and the second air chamber 500 to communicate through the separation gap, allowing gas to flow freely between the two chambers, thereby expanding the working volume. The simplified structure of the plugging cover 300 is used to achieve working volume switching, which helps to achieve lightweighting of the entire vehicle and reduce manufacturing costs. At the same time, the connection structure between the plugging cover 300 and the piston 100 is simple, and the assembly efficiency is improved.

[0049] See also Figures 3 and 4 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the outer diameter of the seal 600 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the sealing section on the piston 100. During assembly, it is compressed and deformed to fill the gap, thereby achieving effective sealing. Specifically, the seal 600 can be, for example, an O-ring, whose elastic deformation ability can effectively compensate for manufacturing tolerances and ensure a tight fit between the plug 300 and the sealing section. At the same time, the O-ring is a standard part, easy to purchase and low in cost, which is beneficial to cost control of the overall structure; the bottom of the sealing groove can adopt an arc transition design to match the cross-sectional shape of the sealing ring to avoid local wear of the sealing ring caused by stress concentration. When the long plug cover 310 is assembled, its two ends are respectively pressed against the first and second sealing sections 121 by O-rings, so that the first air cavity 400 inside the piston 100, that is, the piston 100 cavity, and the second air cavity 500 enclosed by the bladder 200 are completely isolated. At this time, only the second air cavity 500 participates in the compression, the working volume is reduced, and the rigidity is increased; after the short plug cover 320 is assembled, its lower end is separated from the second sealing section 121 to form a gas flow path, the two air cavities are connected, the total working volume is expanded, and the rigidity is reduced.

[0050] See also Figures 3 and 4 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the end of the plugging cover 300 away from the second sealing section 121 is connected to the upper housing 110 via an axial stopper 700. The provision of the axial stopper 700 ensures that the installation position of the plugging cover 300 in the piston 100 cavity is accurate and consistent. Structural conversion and stiffness mode switching can be completed by simply replacing the plugging cover 300 component without adjusting the piston 100 body or the air path connection structure. At the same time, the axial stopper 700 is used to impose axial constraints on the plugging cover 300, preventing the plugging cover 300 from displacement due to air pressure fluctuations or vibrations, significantly improving the working stability of the plugging cover 300 and avoiding abnormal stiffness adjustment function due to sealing failure.

[0051] See also Figures 3 and 4 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the axial limiting member 700 is a retaining spring installed at the end of the plugging cover 300 away from the second sealing section 121. The upper housing 110 is provided with a retaining spring groove, into which the retaining spring is inserted to achieve axial positioning of the plugging cover 300. The retaining spring has a simple structure, is easy to assemble and disassemble, and can reduce manufacturing costs through standardized production. The push-in installation structure of the plugging cover 300 within the sealing section, combined with the retaining spring structure, ensures accurate and efficient assembly. In other embodiments, the axial limiting member 700 can also be a threaded fastener or an elastic clip, etc., as long as it can achieve axial limitation of the plugging cover 300.

[0052] See also Figures 3 and 4 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the retaining spring groove is arranged in a continuous annular shape along the circumferential direction of the upper shell 110. The annular retaining spring groove ensures that the retaining spring is evenly stressed, avoiding local stress concentration that may cause deformation or breakage of the retaining spring. The side of the retaining spring groove close to the first sealing section 111 and the side of the blocking cover 300 away from the second sealing section 121 are connected through a retaining spring to form an axial limiting mating surface to limit the axial movement freedom of the blocking cover 300.

[0053] See also Figures 5 to 10 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a handle 330 is further provided inside the plug cover 300. The handle 330 is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the plug cover 300 and has a through hole 331 therein. The through hole 331 in the handle 330 allows for the insertion of tools such as a hook wrench, facilitating the installation and removal of the plug cover 300. The handle 330 and the main body of the plug cover 300 are integrally injection molded, enhancing structural strength while preventing loosening problems that may occur with a separate handle 330.

[0054] See also Figures 3 to 10 In actual application, if high-stiffness adjustment is required, the long plug cap 310 is installed into the piston 100. The long plug cap 310, through the seals 600 at both ends, tightly mates with the sealing sections of the upper and lower shells 120, respectively, and is fixed by a retaining spring to achieve axial limit. At this time, the first air chamber 400 is isolated, and only the second air chamber 500 is involved in the operation, reducing the working volume and increasing the stiffness of the air spring. Conversely, if a low-stiffness state is required, the short plug cap 320 is replaced. The short plug cap 320 only seals the upper shell 110, separating the sealing section of the lower shell 120 from the short plug cap 320, connecting the two air chambers, increasing the working volume and significantly reducing the stiffness of the air spring. The entire process does not require replacing the piston 100 body; stiffness adaptation is achieved simply by switching the plug cap 300, significantly reducing development and maintenance costs.

[0055] In summary, the present invention optimizes the structure and design, utilizes the sealing difference between the long plug cover 310 and the short plug cover 320, and assembles plug covers 300 with different structures to achieve flexible switching of the air cavity volume, thereby adjusting the stiffness of the air spring, solving the problems of poor versatility and high mold cost of single-cavity and double-cavity air springs, reducing the mold opening of the single-cavity piston 100, and reducing development costs. At the same time, it helps to achieve lightweighting of the entire vehicle, and improves assembly efficiency and reliability through standardized designs such as seals 600 and retaining springs. In addition, the integrated structure of the handle 330 further optimizes the convenience of disassembly and maintenance.

[0056] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

[0057] In the description herein, numerous specific details, such as examples of components and / or methods, are provided to provide a complete understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific details or with other devices, systems, assemblies, methods, components, materials, parts, etc. In other cases, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0058] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "a specific embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention, and not necessarily in all embodiments. Thus, various appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," or "in a specific embodiment" in different places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of any specific embodiment of the invention may be combined with one or more other embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that other variations and modifications of the embodiments of the invention described and illustrated herein are possible in light of the teachings herein and are considered part of the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0059] It should also be understood that one or more of the elements shown in the figures may also be implemented in a more separate or more integrated manner, or even removed because they are inoperable in certain circumstances or provided because they may be useful depending on the application.

[0060] In addition, unless otherwise expressly indicated, any marking arrows in the drawings should be regarded as illustrative only and not limiting. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the term "or" as used herein is generally intended to mean "and / or." Where a term is unclear in providing separation or combination capabilities, the combination of components or steps will also be considered as indicated.

[0061] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless otherwise indicated. Likewise, as used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless otherwise indicated.

[0062] The above description of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention (including that described in the Abstract) is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein. Although specific embodiments of the present invention and examples of the present invention are described herein for illustrative purposes only, as those skilled in the art will recognize and appreciate, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention. As noted, modifications may be made to the present invention in light of the above description of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention, and such modifications will be within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0063] Systems and methods have been generally described herein in detail to facilitate understanding of the present invention. In addition, various specific details have been given to provide an overall understanding of embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or with other devices, systems, accessories, methods, components, materials, parts, etc. In other cases, well-known structures, materials, and / or operations are not specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the present invention.

[0064] Thus, although the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments thereof, freedom of modification, various changes and substitutions are contemplated within the foregoing disclosure, and it should be understood that in some cases, some features of the invention will be employed without the corresponding use of other features without departing from the scope and spirit of the claimed invention. Thus, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular environment or material to the true scope and spirit of the invention. The invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology used in the claims below and / or to the specific embodiments disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention, but the invention is intended to include any and all embodiments and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims. Thus, the scope of the invention will be determined solely by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A structurally adjustable air spring, characterized in that: include: A piston comprising an upper shell and a lower shell, wherein the upper shell and the lower shell are connected to form a first air cavity; a leather bag, sleeved on the lower shell and connected with the lower shell to form a second air cavity; a plug cover, mounted on the piston, comprising a long plug cover and a short plug cover that can be interchangeably mounted, wherein when the long plug cover is mounted on the piston, it isolates the first air cavity and the second air cavity, and when the short plug cover is mounted on the piston, it connects the first air cavity and the second air cavity; By installing the long plug cover or the short plug cover in the piston, a sealing structure is formed to isolate or connect the first air cavity and the second air cavity respectively, so as to realize the switching of the working volume and the adjustment of the stiffness.

2. The structure-adjustable air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper shell includes a first sealing section extending in the axial direction, and the lower shell includes a second sealing section extending in the axial direction; The two ends of the long plugging cover are respectively sealed with the first sealing section and the second sealing section, and the short plugging cover is sealed with the first sealing section and is separated from the second sealing section.

3. The structure-adjustable air spring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The long plug cover comprises: a first connecting portion, cooperating with the first sealing segment, wherein a first sealing groove is formed on a surface of the first connecting portion cooperating with the first sealing segment and recessed along a circumferential direction; a second connecting portion, engaged with the second sealing segment, wherein a second sealing groove is formed on a surface of the second connecting portion engaged with the second sealing segment and recessed along a circumferential direction; The sealing member is embedded in the first sealing groove and the second sealing groove, and the long plug cover is sealedly connected to the upper shell and the lower shell through the sealing member to isolate the first air cavity and the second air cavity.

4. The structure-adjustable air spring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The short plugging cover is connected with the first sealing section in a mating relationship. A third sealing groove is formed on the surface of the short plugging cover where the short plugging cover is mated with the first sealing section. The sealing member is embedded in the third sealing groove to achieve a sealed connection between the short plugging cover and the upper housing. The short plugging cover is separated from the second sealing section to connect the first air cavity and the second air cavity.

5. The structure-adjustable air spring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing element is an O-ring.

6. The structure-adjustable air spring according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes an axial limiting member, and the end of the blocking cover away from the second sealing section is connected to the upper shell through the axial limiting member.

7. The structure-adjustable air spring according to claim 6, characterized in that: The axial limiting member is a retaining spring, which is installed at one end of the blocking cover away from the second sealing section. A retaining spring groove is provided on the upper shell, and the retaining spring is embedded in the retaining spring groove to achieve axial positioning of the blocking cover.

8. The structure-adjustable air spring according to claim 7, characterized in that: The retaining spring groove is arranged in a continuous ring shape along the circumferential direction of the upper shell, and a surface of the retaining spring groove close to the first sealing section and a surface of the blocking cover away from the second sealing section are connected through a retaining spring to form an axial limiting fitting surface.

9. The structure-adjustable air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that: A handle is further provided inside the blocking cover. The handle is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the blocking cover and is provided with a through hole.

10. The structure-adjustable air spring according to claim 9, characterized in that: The handle and the main body of the blocking cover are an integrally-molded structure.

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