Distributed photovoltaic monitoring system and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention relates to a distributed photovoltaic monitoring system and monitoring method, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic monitoring, the distributed photovoltaic monitoring system comprises a plurality of intelligent nodes, each intelligent node is composed of a micro sensor, a microcontroller unit, a power management module and a wireless communication module, the power management module is connected with the micro sensor, the microcontroller unit and the wireless communication module for power supply, the micro sensor is electrically connected with the microcontroller unit, the micro sensor comprises an illumination intensity sensor and a temperature sensor, the illumination intensity sensor is installed on a supporting piece on one side of the photovoltaic panel, and the temperature sensor is installed on the supporting piece on the other side of the photovoltaic panel. A cover plate assembly used for protecting the surface of the illumination intensity sensor is installed on the supporting piece, the temperature sensor is installed in the central area of a back plate of the photovoltaic panel, and the wireless communication module is electrically connected with the microcontroller unit. The application has the effect of reducing the possibility of monitoring accuracy of the sensor on the photovoltaic panel due to extreme weather.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic monitoring technology, and in particular to a distributed photovoltaic monitoring system and monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for sustainable energy, solar photovoltaic power generation, with its clean and efficient characteristics, has become a highly promising form of energy conversion. It has been widely used and rapidly developed in recent years. In particular, large-scale photovoltaic power plants and distributed photovoltaic systems have provided crucial support for meeting the growing demand for electricity. The large-scale use of this clean energy not only helps reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions, but also promotes the optimization of the energy mix and the achievement of sustainable development goals. It has also driven the rise of related industries, created numerous employment opportunities, and had a positive and far-reaching impact on economic and social development.

[0003] Currently, existing photovoltaic monitoring devices are usually monitored in real time by micro sensors. The data obtained by real-time monitoring through light intensity sensors and temperature sensors are then analyzed by the control system to determine whether the photovoltaic panels are in an abnormal state. However, in some areas where extreme weather often occurs, since the light intensity sensor needs to be installed synchronously with the photovoltaic panels, it usually needs to be exposed. As a result, the optical window of the light intensity sensor may be damaged due to extreme weather, which in turn leads to a decrease in light transmittance and reduced monitoring accuracy of the photovoltaic panels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to reduce the possibility of sensors affecting the monitoring accuracy of photovoltaic panels due to extreme weather, the present application provides a distributed photovoltaic monitoring system and monitoring method.

[0005] The distributed photovoltaic monitoring system provided in this application adopts the following technical solutions: A distributed photovoltaic monitoring system and monitoring method include multiple intelligent nodes, wherein the intelligent nodes are composed of micro sensors, micro controller units, power management modules and wireless communication modules. The power management module is connected to the micro sensors, micro controller units and wireless communication modules for power supply. The micro sensors are electrically connected to the micro controller units. The micro controller units are used to receive data monitored by the micro sensors for preliminary processing and to determine whether an abnormality occurs. The micro sensors include light intensity sensors and temperature sensors. The light intensity sensors are mounted on a support member on one side of a photovoltaic panel. A cover assembly for protecting the surface of the light intensity sensor is mounted on the support member. The temperature sensor is mounted in the central area of the photovoltaic panel backplane. The wireless communication module is electrically connected to the micro controller unit. The wireless communication module is used to send abnormal conditions monitored by the micro controller unit to a control platform.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the micro sensors in the intelligent node are used to monitor the light intensity and temperature of the photovoltaic panel. The microcontroller unit preliminarily processes the data and determines whether there is an abnormality. The power management module supplies power to each module to ensure the normal operation of the system. The light intensity sensor is installed on the support on one side of the photovoltaic panel and is protected by a cover assembly to prevent extreme weather from affecting the transmittance and improve monitoring accuracy. The temperature sensor is installed in the center area of the photovoltaic panel backplane to accurately obtain temperature data. The wireless communication module can promptly send abnormal conditions to the control platform to achieve effective monitoring of the distributed photovoltaic system.

[0007] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, the support member includes a support rod, a support ring, a accommodating seat and a support plate, the support ring is installed on the outer circumferential part of the upper end of the accommodating seat, the accommodating seat and the support ring are arranged coaxially, and a number of support rods are installed on the circumferential part of the support ring. The support ring is arranged at the same inclination angle as the photovoltaic panel under the support of the support rod, and an accommodating cavity is provided on the accommodating seat, and the support plate is installed in the accommodating cavity through a lifting assembly and can move up and down in the accommodating cavity. A cover plate assembly for sealing the upper end opening is provided at the upper end of the accommodating cavity, and the light intensity sensor is installed on the support plate.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the support member enables the light intensity sensor and the photovoltaic panel to be set at the same inclination angle, so that the sensor and the photovoltaic panel can receive light at the same illumination angle, which is conducive to accurate monitoring of light intensity; the support plate is driven up and down in the accommodating cavity by the lifting assembly. When daily monitoring work is required, the support plate drives the light intensity sensor back to the accommodating cavity, and the upper end opening of the accommodating cavity is sealed by the cover assembly, thereby preventing the optical window of the light intensity sensor from being affected by extreme weather.

[0009] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the cover plate assembly includes a cover shell, a rotating plate and a cover plate, the cover shell is installed on the support ring, a shell cavity is provided in the cover shell, the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the shell cavity, and is coaxially arranged with the support plate, the cover shell and the upper end opening of the corresponding accommodating cavity on the rotating plate are provided with a through hole for the support plate to pass through, the cover plate is provided with several and is installed on the circumferential part of the rotating plate, the rotating plate is provided with an extrusion groove, a pressure block is provided on the lower plate surface of the cover plate, the pressure block is provided in the extrusion groove and can slide in the extrusion groove, a limiting rod is provided on the upper surface of the cover plate, a corresponding limiting groove is provided on the cover shell, the limiting rod is slidably connected in the limiting groove, and a driving assembly for driving the rotating plate to rotate is provided on the support ring.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, after the light intensity sensor is stored in the accommodating cavity, the rotating plate is driven to rotate by the driving assembly. Since the pressure block installed on the lower surface of the cover plate is slidably connected in the extrusion groove, the pressure block is squeezed by the side wall of the extrusion groove through the rotation of the rotating plate, and the limit rod installed on the upper surface of the extrusion plate is slidably connected in the limit groove, so that the limit rod slides along the limit groove, thereby driving the cover plate to move to block the upper end of the accommodating cavity, thereby hiding the light intensity sensor in the accommodating cavity, avoiding damage to the light intensity sensor caused by extreme weather, thereby affecting the monitoring effect of the light intensity sensor.

[0011] In a specific feasible implementation scheme, six cover plates are provided, and the six cover plates are evenly installed on the circumferential part of the rotating plate. The number of extrusion grooves and limit grooves is set correspondingly, the side walls of adjacent cover plates are set to abut against each other and can slide against each other, and the angle between the two sides of the cover plate and the side walls of adjacent cover plates abutting against each other is set to 60°.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, six cover plates are evenly installed on the circumference of the rotating plate. The side walls of adjacent cover plates abut against each other and can slide against each other with an angle of 60°. This allows the cover plates to fit tightly together to open or close the accommodating cavity when the rotating plate rotates, thereby better protecting the light intensity sensor, preventing extreme weather from affecting the transmittance of the optical window of the light intensity sensor, and ensuring the accuracy of the distributed photovoltaic monitoring system in monitoring photovoltaic panels.

[0013] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the driving assembly includes a driving motor and a driving gear, the driving motor is installed on the lower plate surface of the support plate, the output shaft of the driving motor is set through the plate surface, the driving gear is installed at one end of the output shaft of the driving motor that passes through the plate surface, a driving groove is provided on the side wall of the cover shell, and a tooth groove is provided on the circumferential side wall of the rotating plate, the driving gear partial structure is arranged in the driving groove and meshing with the tooth groove, so that the rotating plate is driven to rotate by the rotation of the driving gear.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, a driving motor is used to drive the driving gear to rotate, and the driving gear engages with the tooth grooves on the circumferential side walls of the rotating plate to realize the rotation of the rotating plate in the cover shell, thereby rotating the cover plate installed on the rotating plate. The cover plate can be flexibly controlled to open or close the accommodating cavity, thereby avoiding long-term exposure of the light intensity sensor to the outside, preventing extreme weather from damaging the optical window of the light intensity sensor, improving its transmittance, and ensuring the accuracy of distributed photovoltaic monitoring system in monitoring photovoltaic panels.

[0015] In a specific possible implementation scheme, the lifting assembly includes a lifting motor and a driving screw, a sliding groove is opened on the side wall of the accommodating cavity, and the sliding groove is opened on the side wall of the higher side of the accommodating cavity. The lifting motor is installed at the bottom of the accommodating seat, and the output shaft of the lifting motor passes through the side wall of the accommodating seat and extends to the accommodating cavity. The driving screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the lifting motor and is set in the sliding groove, and a slider is installed on the support plate, and the slider is slidably connected in the sliding groove and is driven by the driving screw, so that the support plate is driven to slide up and down in the accommodating cavity by rotating the driving screw.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the light intensity sensor of the distributed photovoltaic monitoring system is installed on the support plate, and the lifting motor drives the driving screw to rotate. The driving screw is connected to the slider drive, so that the slider slides in the slide groove, and then drives the support plate to move up and down in the accommodating cavity; this design can adjust the height position of the light intensity sensor. On the one hand, it can avoid the light intensity sensor from being exposed to extreme weather for a long time, prevent its optical window from being damaged, improve the transmittance, and ensure the accuracy of monitoring the photovoltaic panel. On the other hand, the height of the light intensity sensor can be flexibly adjusted according to actual monitoring needs to better adapt to different monitoring environments and conditions.

[0017] In a specific possible implementation scheme, a plurality of the slide grooves are provided, and the plurality of the slide grooves are evenly opened on the circumferential side wall of the accommodating cavity, and a plurality of the slide grooves are correspondingly provided on the support plate.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, by setting a number of sliding grooves evenly opened on the circumferential side walls of the accommodating cavity, and setting a number of corresponding ones on the support plate, the support plate is made more stable when sliding up and down in the accommodating cavity, and the position of the light intensity sensor can be avoided from being affected by shaking, thereby ensuring that the light intensity sensor accurately collects data and further improving the accuracy of photovoltaic panel monitoring.

[0019] In a specific possible implementation scheme, a spray device is provided on the inner side wall of the accommodating chamber, and the spray device includes a spray ring and a plurality of nozzles. The spray ring is installed at the upper end of the inner side wall of the accommodating chamber, and the plurality of nozzles are installed on the circumferential part of the spray ring, and the nozzles are arranged inclined downward toward the axis of the accommodating chamber, and a water outlet is opened on the side wall on the lower side of the bottom of the accommodating chamber.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the spray device arranged on the inner side wall of the accommodating cavity includes a spray ring and a plurality of nozzles, and the nozzles are arranged downwardly and tilted toward the axis of the accommodating cavity. In this way, the light intensity sensor located in the accommodating cavity can be sprayed and cleaned to prevent foreign matter or dust from accumulating on the surface of the light intensity sensor, thereby ensuring the transmittance of the optical window of the light intensity sensor and improving the monitoring accuracy of the photovoltaic panel.

[0021] In a specific possible implementation scheme, a mounting groove is provided on the support plate, the light intensity sensor is mounted on the support plate surface in the middle of the mounting groove, and a heating ring is installed in the mounting groove.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, a mounting groove is provided on the support plate and a heating ring is installed therein, which can heat the light intensity sensor installed on the support plate surface in the middle part of the mounting groove, thereby preventing the light intensity sensor from being affected by environmental factors such as low temperature and humidity and causing performance degradation or malfunction, and preventing ice from forming on the optical window in icy and snowy weather, thereby affecting its light transmittance.

[0023] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The power management module provides power to the micro sensors, microcontroller units, and wireless communication modules, ensuring stable operation of all components of the distributed photovoltaic monitoring system; 2. Install the light intensity sensor on the support on one side of the photovoltaic panel and set a cover assembly to protect its surface to prevent extreme weather from damaging the optical window of the light intensity sensor, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy of the photovoltaic panel; 3. The microcontroller unit receives the monitoring data of the microsensor and preliminarily processes and determines abnormalities. The wireless communication module sends abnormal conditions to the control platform, which can promptly detect and feedback abnormal conditions of the photovoltaic panels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the support member and cover assembly in an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the support member and cover plate assembly in an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a top view of the light intensity sensor installed on the support plate in an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cover assembly in the embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Micro sensor; 11. Light intensity sensor; 12. Temperature sensor; 2. Microcontroller unit; 3. Power management module; 4. Wireless communication module; 5. Support member; 51. Support rod; 52. Support ring; 53. Receiving seat; 531. Receiving cavity; 532. Slide groove; 54. Support plate; 541. Slider; 6. Cover assembly; 61. Cover shell; 611. Shell cavity; 612. Limiting groove; 613. Drive groove; 62. Turn plate; 621. Extrusion groove; 63. Cover plate; 631. Pressure block; 632. Limiting rod; 7. Drive assembly; 71. Drive motor; 72. Drive gear; 8. Lifting assembly; 81. Lifting motor; 82. Drive screw; 9. Spraying device; 91. Spray ring; 92. Nozzle; 10. Heating ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The embodiments of the present application disclose a distributed photovoltaic monitoring system and a monitoring method.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the distributed photovoltaic monitoring system and monitoring method includes multiple intelligent nodes installed at preselected photovoltaic panels. The intelligent nodes include a microsensor 1, a microcontroller unit 2, and a wireless communication module 4. A power management module 3 is connected to the microsensor 1, microcontroller unit 2, and wireless communication module 4, providing power to them. This acts as a stable energy supply station, ensuring the normal operation of each module. The microsensor 1 is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit 2. The microcontroller unit 2 receives the data monitored by the microsensor 1, performs preliminary processing on it, and determines whether any abnormalities have occurred. The microsensor 1 includes a light intensity sensor 11 and a temperature sensor 12. The light intensity sensor 11 is mounted on a support member 5 on one side of the photovoltaic panel. The support member 5 is mounted with a cover assembly 6 to protect the surface of the light intensity sensor 11. The temperature sensor 12 is installed in the center of the photovoltaic panel backplane, enabling accurate temperature monitoring of the photovoltaic panel. The wireless communication module 4 is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit 2 and is used to transmit abnormal conditions detected by the microcontroller unit 2 to the control platform.

[0032] like Figure 2As shown, the support member 5 includes a support rod 51, a support ring 52, a receiving seat 53 and a support plate 54. There are four support rods 51, and the sizes of the support rods 51 are set in pairs, two of which are longer and the other two are shorter. One end of the support rods 51 is installed on the lower plate surface of the support ring 52, so that the support ring 52 is tilted corresponding to the photovoltaic panel through the support rods 51 of different lengths. The support ring 52 is sleeved on the circumferential part of the upper end of the receiving seat 53. The receiving seat 53 is provided with a receiving cavity 531. The receiving cavity 531 The overall configuration is cylindrical, the support plate 54 is correspondingly configured as a circular plate, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the accommodating cavity 531, and a number of slide grooves 532 are evenly opened on the circumferential portion of the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 531. A number of sliders 541 are correspondingly provided on the circumferential portion of the support plate 54, and the sliders 541 are configured as L-shaped. A number of sliders 541 are correspondingly slidably connected in the slide grooves 532, and the light intensity sensor 11 is installed in the center of the upper surface of the support plate 54. The accommodating seat 53 is installed with a lifting assembly 8 for driving the support plate 54 to move up and down in the accommodating cavity 531.

[0033] The support member 5 allows the light intensity sensor 11 and the photovoltaic panel to be set at the same inclination angle, so that the sensor and the photovoltaic panel can receive light at the same illumination angle, which is conducive to accurate monitoring of the light intensity; the lifting component 8 drives the support plate 54 to move up and down in the accommodating cavity 531. When daily monitoring work is required, the support plate 54 drives the light intensity sensor 11 back to the accommodating cavity 531, and the cover plate 63 component is used to block the upper opening of the accommodating cavity 531, thereby preventing the optical window of the light intensity sensor 11 from being affected by extreme weather.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the lifting assembly 8 includes a lifting motor 81 and a driving screw 82. The lifting motor 81 is installed at the bottom of the accommodating seat 53. The output shaft of the lifting motor 81 passes through the bottom plate of the accommodating seat 53 and extends to one of the slide grooves 532 on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 531. The driving screw 82 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the lifting motor 81. The driving screw 82 is driven and connected to the slider 541 that is slidably connected in the slide groove 532. The driving screw 82 is driven to rotate by the lifting motor 81, thereby driving the support plate 54 to move along the axial direction of the accommodating cavity 531.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present application, a spray device 9 is also included. The spray device 9 includes a spray ring 91 and a plurality of nozzles 92. An annular groove is provided at the upper end of the inner wall of the accommodating chamber 531. The spray ring 91 is installed in the annular groove. By opening a hole in the side wall of the accommodating seat 53, the spray ring 91 is connected to an external water supply device through a water pipe. Since the accommodating seat 53 is set at the same inclination angle as the photovoltaic panel under the restriction of the support ring 52, the lifting motor 81 and the driving screw 82 are installed on the higher side after the accommodating chamber 531 is tilted, and are set corresponding to the slide groove 532 on this side, so that the lifting motor 81 can be shielded by the support ring 52 to prevent the lifting motor 81 from being directly washed by rainwater for a long time in rainy weather, affecting its performance. At the same time, a water hole is provided on the lower bottom surface of the accommodating seat 53, and the water hole is set on the lower side after the accommodating seat 53 is tilted, and the water hole is connected to the accommodating chamber 531.

[0036] The spray device 9 arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 531 includes a spray ring 91 and a plurality of nozzles 92. The nozzles 92 are arranged downwardly and tilted toward the axis of the accommodating cavity 531. In this way, the light intensity sensor 11 located in the accommodating cavity 531 can be sprayed and cleaned to prevent foreign matter or dust from accumulating on the surface of the light intensity sensor 11, thereby ensuring the transmittance of the optical window of the light intensity sensor 11 and improving the monitoring accuracy of the photovoltaic panel. At the same time, the setting of the L-shaped slider 541 can ensure that the support plate 54 moves at the upper and lower ends of the spray ring 91 while avoiding the spray ring 91 from hindering the movement of the support plate 54.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, a heating ring 10 is also included. A mounting groove is provided on the support plate 54, the mounting groove is arranged in a ring shape, and the light intensity sensor 11 is installed at the axial center of the mounting groove. The heating ring 10 is installed in the mounting groove. In cold weather, the heating ring 10 can prevent frost or ice from forming on the surface of the light intensity sensor 11, thereby ensuring its normal operation.

[0038] like Figure 5As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, a cover plate 63 assembly is also included, and the cover plate 63 assembly includes a cover shell 61, a rotating plate 62 and a cover plate 63. The cover shell 61 is installed on the support ring 52, and a cover shell 61 cavity is opened in the cover shell 61. The rotating plate 62 is rotatably connected in the shell cavity 611. A through hole for the support plate 54 to pass through is provided on the rotating plate 62 and the cover shell 61, and the through hole is connected to the cover shell 61 cavity. The cover plate 63 is provided with six groups, and a pressure block 631 is installed on the lower plate surface of the cover plate 63. The plate 62 is provided with an extrusion groove 621 corresponding to the pressure block 631. There are six extrusion grooves 621 corresponding to the cover plate 63. The six extrusion grooves 621 are connected to each other end to end. The six extrusion grooves 621 are arranged in a hexagonal shape. The pressure block 631 is installed in the extrusion groove 621 and can slide in the extrusion groove 621. A limit rod 632 is provided on the upper surface of the cover plate 63. The limit rod 632 is set as a columnar rod. A waist-shaped groove is provided on the cover shell 61 corresponding to the limit rod 632. The rod 632 is slidably connected in the waist-shaped groove, and the six cover plates 63 are evenly installed on the circumferential part of the rotating plate 62. The side walls of adjacent cover plates 63 are abutted against each other and can slide against each other. The smaller side angle between the two sides of the cover plate 63 and the adjacent cover plates 63 abutting against each other is set to 60 degrees, and the smaller side angle of the line connecting the length directions of adjacent extrusion grooves 621 is correspondingly set to 60 degrees. The installation position of the slide groove 532 corresponds to the extrusion groove 621, so that it can pass through the turntable When rotating, the side wall of the extrusion groove 621 squeezes the pressure block 631, and the pressure block 631 slides in the extrusion groove 621 relative to the rotating plate 62. Since the limiting rod 632 is slidably connected in the slide groove 532, under the dual restrictions of the slide groove 532 and the extrusion groove 621, the cover plate 63 can move radially along the turntable, thereby realizing the closing and opening of the cover plate 63, and realizing the sealing and opening of the accommodating cavity 531, thereby protecting the light intensity sensor 11 housed in the accommodating cavity 531.

[0039] When the light intensity sensor 11 is stored in the accommodating cavity 531, the rotating plate 62 is driven to rotate by the driving component 7. Since the pressure block 631 installed on the lower surface of the cover plate 63 is slidably connected in the extrusion groove 621, the pressure block 631 is squeezed by the side wall of the extrusion groove 621 through the rotation of the rotating plate 62, and the limiting rod 632 installed on the upper surface of the extrusion plate is slidably connected in the limiting groove 612, so that the limiting rod 632 slides along the limiting groove 612, thereby driving the cover plate 63 to move to block the upper end of the accommodating cavity 531, thereby hiding the light intensity sensor 11 in the accommodating cavity 531, preventing extreme weather from damaging the light intensity sensor 11, thereby affecting the monitoring effect of the light intensity sensor 11.

[0040] The implementation principle of a distributed photovoltaic monitoring system and monitoring method in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: the distributed photovoltaic monitoring system comprehensively monitors the photovoltaic panels through multiple intelligent nodes. The micro sensor 1 collects light intensity and temperature data in real time, and the microcontroller unit 2 processes and judges the data. Once an abnormality is found, it is sent to the control platform through the wireless communication module 4. The setting of the support 5 and the cover assembly 6 can protect the light intensity sensor 11 from extreme weather. The lifting assembly 8 and the cover 63 assembly can flexibly control the working state of the light intensity sensor 11. The spray device 9 can clean it, and the heating ring 10 can ensure its normal operation in a low temperature environment. Compared with the existing technology, the monitoring accuracy of photovoltaic panels in extreme weather is improved, and the monitoring error caused by sensor damage is reduced.

[0041] The present application discloses a distributed photovoltaic monitoring method, which uses a distributed photovoltaic monitoring system according to the present application, including the following steps: S10: Install each smart node on the selected photovoltaic panel, ensuring that the sensor has good contact and does not block light; S20: Configure the parameters of each intelligent node, set the alarm threshold in the microcontroller unit 2, and adjust the communication address in the wireless communication module 4; S30: Start the system for testing, check whether all intelligent nodes can work normally, and put it into use after confirming that they are normal; S40: Check the battery status regularly, replace the battery if damaged, and charge it when the battery is low; S50: Adjust the monitoring frequency according to actual usage, balance the relationship between energy consumption and accuracy, monitor the photovoltaic panels and report abnormalities.

[0042] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A distributed photovoltaic monitoring system, characterized by: The invention comprises a plurality of intelligent nodes, wherein the intelligent nodes are composed of a micro sensor (1), a micro controller unit (2), a power management module (3) and a wireless communication module (4); the power management module (3) is connected to the micro sensor (1), the micro controller unit (2) and the wireless communication module (4) for power supply; the micro sensor (1) is electrically connected to the micro controller unit (2); the micro controller unit (2) is used to receive data monitored by the micro sensor (1), perform preliminary processing and determine whether an abnormality occurs; the micro sensor (1) comprises a light intensity sensor (11) and a temperature sensor (12); the light intensity sensor (11) is mounted on a support member (5) on one side of a photovoltaic panel; a cover plate assembly (6) for protecting the surface of the light intensity sensor (11) is mounted on the support member (5); the temperature sensor (12) is mounted on the central area of the photovoltaic panel back plate; the wireless communication module (4) is electrically connected to the micro controller unit (2); and the wireless communication module (4) is used to send abnormal conditions monitored by the micro controller unit (2) to a control platform.

2. The distributed photovoltaic monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support member (5) comprises a support rod (51), a support ring (52), a receiving seat (53) and a support plate (54); the support ring (52) is mounted on a peripheral portion of the outer side of the upper end of the receiving seat (53); the receiving seat (53) and the support ring (52) are coaxially arranged; a plurality of support rods (51) are mounted on a peripheral portion of the support ring (52); the support ring (52) is supported by the support rods (51) and is arranged at the same inclination angle as the photovoltaic panel; a receiving cavity (531) is provided on the receiving seat (53); the support plate (54) is mounted in the receiving cavity (531) via a lifting assembly (8) and is capable of moving up and down in the receiving cavity (531); a cover plate assembly (6) for sealing the upper end opening is provided at the upper end of the receiving cavity (531); and the light intensity sensor (11) is mounted on the support plate (54).

3. The distributed photovoltaic monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cover plate assembly (6) includes a cover shell (61), a rotating plate (62) and a cover plate (63). The cover shell (61) is mounted on the support ring (52). A shell cavity (611) is provided in the cover shell (61). The rotating plate (62) is rotatably connected in the shell cavity (611) and is coaxially arranged with the support plate (54). The upper end openings of the corresponding accommodating cavities (531) on the cover shell (61) and the rotating plate (62) are provided with through holes for the support plate (54) to pass through. The cover plate (63) is provided with a plurality of holes and is mounted on the circumferential portion of the rotating plate (62). The rotating plate (62) is provided with an extrusion groove (621), the lower plate surface of the cover plate (63) is provided with a pressure block (631), the pressure block (631) is arranged in the extrusion groove (621) and can slide in the extrusion groove (621), the upper plate surface of the cover plate (63) is provided with a limiting rod (632), the cover shell (61) is correspondingly provided with a limiting groove (612), the limiting rod (632) is slidably connected in the limiting groove (612), and the support ring (52) is provided with a driving component (7) for driving the rotating plate (62) to rotate.

4. The distributed photovoltaic monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Six cover plates (63) are provided, and the six cover plates (63) are evenly installed on the circumferential portion of the rotating plate (62). The number of extrusion grooves (621) and the number of limit grooves (612) are provided correspondingly. The side walls of adjacent cover plates (63) are provided in abutment with each other and can slide against each other. The angle between the two sides of the cover plate (63) and the side walls of the adjacent cover plates (63) in abutment with each other is set to 60°.

5. The distributed photovoltaic monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving assembly (7) comprises a driving motor (71) and a driving gear (72), wherein the driving motor (71) is mounted on the lower plate surface of the support plate (54), the output shaft of the driving motor (71) is arranged to pass through the plate surface, and the driving gear (72) is mounted on one end of the output shaft of the driving motor (71) passing through the plate surface, a driving groove (613) is arranged on the side wall of the cover shell (61), and a tooth groove is arranged on the circumferential side wall of the rotating plate (62), and a partial structure of the driving gear (72) is arranged in the driving groove (613) and meshed with the tooth groove, so that the rotating plate (62) is driven to rotate by the rotation of the driving gear (72).

6. The distributed photovoltaic monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting assembly (8) includes a lifting motor (81) and a driving screw (82). A sliding groove (532) is provided on the side wall of the accommodating chamber (531). The sliding groove (532) is provided on the side wall of the accommodating chamber (531). The lifting motor (81) is installed at the bottom of the accommodating seat (53). The output shaft of the lifting motor (81) passes through the side wall of the accommodating seat (53) and extends to the accommodating chamber (531). The driving screw (82) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the lifting motor (81) and is arranged in the sliding groove (532). A slider (541) is installed on the support plate (54). The slider (541) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (532) and is driven by the driving screw (82), so that the support plate (54) is driven to slide up and down in the accommodating chamber (531) by rotating the driving screw (82).

7. The distributed photovoltaic monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of the slide grooves (532) are provided, and the plurality of the slide grooves (532) are evenly opened on the circumferential side wall of the accommodating cavity (531), and a plurality of the slide grooves (532) are correspondingly provided on the support plate (54).

8. The distributed photovoltaic monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A spray device (9) is provided on the inner side wall of the accommodating chamber (531), and the spray device (9) comprises a spray ring (91) and a plurality of spray heads (92). The spray ring (91) is installed at the upper end of the inner side wall of the accommodating chamber (531), and the plurality of spray heads (92) are installed on the circumference of the spray ring (91), and the spray heads (92) are arranged to be inclined downward toward the axis of the accommodating chamber (531). A water outlet is provided on the side wall of the lower bottom of the accommodating chamber (531).

9. The distributed photovoltaic monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support plate (54) is provided with a mounting groove, the light intensity sensor (11) is mounted on the support plate (54) surface in the middle of the mounting groove, and a heating ring (10) is mounted in the mounting groove.

10. A distributed photovoltaic monitoring method, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S10: Install each smart node on the selected photovoltaic panel, ensuring that the sensor has good contact and does not block light; S20: Configuring the parameters of each intelligent node, setting the alarm threshold in the microcontroller unit (2), and adjusting the communication address in the wireless communication module (4); S30: Start the system for testing, check whether all intelligent nodes can work normally, and put it into use after confirming that they are normal; S40: Check the battery status regularly, replace the battery if damaged, and charge it when the battery is low; S50: Adjust the monitoring frequency according to actual usage, balance the relationship between energy consumption and accuracy, monitor the photovoltaic panels and report abnormalities.

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