Loading anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for bending shear torsion test of wind power tower

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind power tower bending shear torsion test loading anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device, which comprises a reaction wall, a support, a reaction column, a reaction longitudinal beam, a reaction cross beam and four actuators, and is characterized in that the top end of a fixed tower on the support is connected with a loading beam through a switching device; the first actuator applies axial load to the tower drum through the loading beam and the switching device, the second actuator and the third actuator apply bending moment to the end of the tower drum through the loading beam and the switching device, the fourth actuator is matched with the connecting piece, the rectangular steel plate is connected with the switching device to apply horizontal shearing force and torque to the end of the tower drum, and application and decoupling of various types of loads are achieved. The test precision is ensured; the device can truly simulate the load condition of the tower drum section, can also be matched with the loading beam to transmit the axial force, the bending moment, the shearing force and the torque to the wind power tower drum, and effectively solves the influence of horizontal displacement and torsional deformation on loading in the horizontal and vertical load coupling loading process in the wind power tower drum composite load simulation test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of testing equipment, and relates to an anti-interference decoupling and switching integrated device for loading compression, bending, shear and torsion tests on wind turbine towers, and in particular to an anti-interference decoupling and switching integrated device and a testing method for loading compression, bending, shear and torsion tests on wind turbine towers. Background Art

[0002] like Figure 1 As shown in the loading test of wind turbine towers, the most common loading methods currently used are single horizontal loading or single vertical loading. This loading method cannot achieve the combined loading of bending moment, axial force, shear force, and torque, and it is difficult to truly simulate the complex stress conditions of the bottom section of the tower when it is subjected to small horizontal forces and large bending moments under actual working conditions. In addition, due to laboratory space limitations, wind turbine towers usually need to be scaled down for testing. Towers of different original sizes have different sizes after scaling down. With the continuous development of wind turbine towers, more and more tower types have emerged, and different types of towers have different requirements for loading and fixation. For example, the wall thickness of a concrete tower is larger and contains longitudinal steel bars, while the wall thickness of a steel tower is thinner, and the fixing methods are different. In existing tests, it is often necessary to customize a special loading beam to fix the top of the tower for loading, which increases the test cost and is less economical.

[0003] During the test loading process, the coupling loading of horizontal load and vertical load is a key issue, such as Figure 2 The horizontal concentrated load and torque shown will affect the application of the vertical load, causing problems with the loading mechanism. For example, the horizontal displacement caused by the horizontal shear force will cause the same horizontal displacement in the vertical load-applying beam. Since the vertical jack is fixed in position, this horizontal displacement will interfere with the jack's vertical loading. Furthermore, the torsional deformation caused by the torque will cause the vertical load-applying beam to rotate horizontally, affecting the vertical loading effect of the jack and ultimately affecting the accuracy of the test results.

[0004] Therefore, how to design a wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion test adapter device so that it can cooperate with the loading beam to transmit axial force, bending moment, shear force and torque to the wind turbine tower, truly simulate the load conditions of the tower section, and at the same time meet the loading and fixed connection requirements of different tower types and sizes, and effectively solve the influence of horizontal displacement and torsional deformation on loading during horizontal and vertical coupled loading, is an important problem that needs to be urgently solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an anti-interference decoupling and switching integrated device for wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion test loading in order to solve the problems that the current loading method cannot achieve the combined loading of bending moment, axial force, shear force and torque, is difficult to truly simulate the load conditions of the tower section, cannot meet the loading and fixed connection requirements of different tower types and sizes, and cannot effectively solve the influence of horizontal displacement and torsional deformation on loading during horizontal and vertical coupled loading.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] An integrated device for anti-interference decoupling and switching during compression, bending, shear and torsion tests on wind turbine towers, comprising a reaction wall, a support fixedly connected to the ground, and four reaction columns arranged on one side of the reaction wall. A first reaction longitudinal beam is fixed between two corresponding reaction columns, a reaction cross beam is fixed on top of the two first reaction longitudinal beams, and a first actuator coaxial with the support is fixed at the bottom end of the reaction cross beam.

[0008] The tower to be tested is fixed on the top of the support. The top of the tower is connected to a loading beam via an adapter. The output end of the first actuator contacts the loading beam, applying an axial load to the tower. A second reaction longitudinal beam is provided on one set of reaction columns. The top of the second reaction longitudinal beam is fixedly connected to a third actuator. The bottom of another first reaction longitudinal beam is fixedly connected to a second actuator. The output ends of both the third and second actuators contact the loading beam.

[0009] A fourth actuator is fixedly provided on one side of the reaction wall, and a connecting piece for use with the fourth actuator is provided below the loading beam; a rectangular steel plate fixedly connected to the connecting piece is provided on the side of the adapter corresponding to the connecting piece; the adapter is provided with a rotating component for load transfer.

[0010] Furthermore, the rotating assembly includes an inner ring of the adapter, a T-shaped end horizontal sliding member rotatably arranged inside the inner ring of the adapter, several groups of thrust cylindrical roller bearings evenly arranged circumferentially along the bottom surface of the inner ring of the adapter, several groups of tapered roller bearings evenly arranged circumferentially along the side surface of the inner ring of the adapter, and an outer ring of the adapter, wherein a circular steel plate is fixedly connected to the top of the end horizontal sliding member for easy fixation with the loading beam, and bolt holes are circumferentially provided on the steel plate for connecting and fixing the upper loading beam to the adapter. When the adapter rotates under the action of torque, the outer ring of the adapter rotates around the axis, and the inner ring of the adapter does not rotate.

[0011] Furthermore, a horizontal slide groove compatible with the end horizontal sliding member is opened at the top center position of the inner ring of the adapter device, and a vertical slide groove perpendicular to the horizontal slide groove is opened inside the inner ring of the adapter device directly below the horizontal slide groove. The end horizontal sliding member includes a cylindrical roller bearing and a T-shaped cylindrical shaft. The cylindrical roller bearings are mounted on both ends of the bottom beam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft. The end horizontal sliding member is inserted along the horizontal slide groove and then rotated 90°. The space of the vertical slide groove is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rolling bearing on the bottom beam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft to facilitate the horizontal movement of the horizontal sliding member in the vertical slide groove. The cylindrical roller bearing is used to transfer the vertical load borne by the top loading beam, and then transfer it to the tower specimen adapter device.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of tapered roller bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings is the same and they are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner. A retainer is fixedly installed through the tapered roller bearings and the thrust cylindrical roller bearings, and the tapered roller bearings and the thrust cylindrical roller bearings are fixedly installed by the retainer.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of through holes are provided at the bottom of the loading beam, and the through holes are arranged in a ring. After the through holes at the bottom of the loading beam are aligned with the screws on the circular steel plate, the two are tightly connected using bolts; the bottom cantilever of the adapter is evenly provided with a plurality of waist-shaped holes along the circumference to facilitate adaptation to different cylinder diameters and different types of tower cylinders.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer ring of the adapter is formed by splicing two arc-shaped plates with semicircular end faces, and a gap is left between the rotating assembly composed of the inner ring of the adapter and the outer ring of the adapter and the circular steel plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the connecting member includes a loading longitudinal beam fixed to the bottom of the loading beam by bolts, a slideway is provided at the bottom of the loading longitudinal beam, a guide rod is fixedly provided through one side of the loading longitudinal beam, a loading plate for use with the fourth actuator is slidably provided in the slideway, a connecting device with a pin hole is provided on the loading plate, the end of the fourth actuator is fixedly connected to the loading plate by a pin, the loading plate is slidably sleeved on the guide rod, a screw is provided on one side of the loading longitudinal beam for rotation through a bearing, and the loading plate is threadedly sleeved on the screw.

[0016] Furthermore, the loading longitudinal beam is fixedly connected to the rectangular steel plate by bolt fasteners so as to transmit the horizontal shear force and torque required for the test to the outer ring of the adapter and then to the tower.

[0017] The loading method for a wind power tower compression, bending, shear and torsion test adapter integrated device comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1. Fix the tower to the support with fasteners, then use fasteners to fix the adapter to the end of the tower, and use fasteners to fix the loading beam, loading longitudinal beam and circular steel plate and rectangular steel plate of the adapter respectively;

[0019] S2. Start the first actuator through the hydraulic station to make it contact the loading beam, the adapter and the tower in sequence to perform the axial load test on the tower;

[0020] S3. Simultaneously start the second and third actuators through the hydraulic station to apply bending moment to the end of the tower, and simultaneously start the fourth actuator to apply horizontal shear force and torque to the end of the tower. Only a single set of oil pumps is used to control the first actuator, and another set of oil pumps is used to control the expansion and contraction behavior of the second, third, and fourth actuators, thereby realizing composite load simulation of the tower under the action of bending moment, vertical axial force, horizontal shear force, and torque.

[0021] The assembly method of the above-mentioned adapter device includes the following steps:

[0022] S11. The inner ring of the transfer device is cast in one piece and has a horizontal chute. The width of the hollow portion at the top of the horizontal chute is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing of the horizontal sliding member at the end.

[0023] S12, first lower the end horizontal sliding member in a direction parallel to the horizontal direction of the horizontal chute to a specified height, and then rotate it 90 degrees perpendicular to the horizontal direction of the horizontal chute;

[0024] S13. Install the tapered roller, thrust cylindrical roller, and cage onto the circumferential side surface and bottom surface of the inner ring of the adapter device respectively;

[0025] S14. The outer ring of the adapter is spliced by two arc-shaped plates with semicircular end faces. After the internal components are positioned and assembled, the outer ring of the adapter is assembled. After the adapter is butt-jointed, it is fixed by welding or bolt fasteners to form a whole to meet the use requirements.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. The anti-interference decoupling and switching integrated device for compression, bending, shear and torsion test loading of wind turbine towers disclosed in the present invention fixes the loading beam to the circular steel plate of the end horizontal sliding part with bolts; the axial force and bending moment on the loading beam are tightly connected through the bolts, and the tension or pressure is transmitted to the end horizontal sliding part; the loading longitudinal beam is tightly connected to the rectangular steel plate through bolts, and the shear force and torque are transmitted to the device body through the steel plate, effectively solving the influence of horizontal displacement and torsional deformation on loading during horizontal and vertical coupled loading.

[0028] 2. The present invention discloses an anti-interference decoupling and switching integrated device for loading compression, bending, shear and torsion tests on wind turbine towers. The slide, guide rod and screw arranged on the loading longitudinal beam enable the loading plate to slide in the slide and the position to be adjusted by the screw, thereby cooperating with the fourth actuator to achieve flexible adjustment to different loading requirements of the tower and meet diverse test requirements.

[0029] 3. The anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for compression, bending, shear and torsion test loading of wind turbine towers disclosed in the present invention applies a vertical load to the tower through the first actuator. At the same time, combined with the settings of the second actuator, the third actuator and the fourth actuator, it can realize loading of various load types on the tower, and only two sets of oil pumps are needed to realize compression-bending-shear-torsion coupled loading. The second actuator and the third actuator are used to dynamically simulate the influence of eccentricity on the mechanical properties of the tower, and can simulate the complex stress conditions that the tower may be subjected to during actual use, and evaluate the mechanical properties of the tower more comprehensively and accurately. It can also simulate the loading of arbitrarily changing single loads on the tower to meet the requirements of different test loading types.

[0030] 4. The present invention discloses an anti-interference decoupling adapter integrated device for loading in compression, bending, shear and torsion tests on wind turbine towers. The steel plate at the bottom of the adapter has multiple waist-shaped holes along the circumference to facilitate the installation and disassembly of tower specimens. It is suitable for towers of different diameters and types and transfers the load to the tower.

[0031] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the load on the wind turbine tower in the background technology of the present invention, where Figure 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of the composite load on the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (b) is the shear force diagram of the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (c) is the load bending moment diagram of the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (d) is a schematic diagram of the composite load on the end of the wind turbine tower section;

[0034] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of coupling load influence in the background technology of the present invention, wherein Figure 2 (a) is a comparison diagram of horizontal displacement before and after the coupling load is applied. Figure 2 (b) is a comparison diagram of torsional deformation before and after the coupling load is applied;

[0035] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the test loading of the anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for the compression, bending, shear and torsion test of the wind turbine tower according to the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the test loading of the anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for the compression, bending, shear and torsion test of the wind turbine tower according to the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Installation diagram of the center reaction beam and reaction column;

[0038] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of medium coupled load loading and loading beam;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the transfer device, the steel tower specimen and the loading beam in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the transfer device, the mixing tower specimen and the loading beam in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the transfer device;

[0042] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 8 Internal schematic diagram of the adapter;

[0043] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the upper structure of the transfer device;

[0044] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the upper and lower structures of the adapter;

[0045] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 8 Cross-section of the transfer device with superstructure;

[0046] Figure 14 For the present invention Figure 8 The adapter is not shown with a cross-section of the superstructure;

[0047] Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the disassembled cross section of the adapter;

[0048] Figure 16 For the present invention Figure 8 Construction and assembly drawing of the adapter device.

[0049] Figure numerals: reaction wall 1, reaction column 2, first reaction longitudinal beam 3, reaction cross beam 4, first actuator 5, second actuator 6, second reaction longitudinal beam 7, third actuator 8, loading beam 9, steel tower 10, support 11, fourth actuator 12, adapter 17, adapter inner ring 171, adapter outer ring 172, circular steel plate 18, connector 19, loading longitudinal beam 20, slide 21, guide rod 22, loading plate 23, screw 24, rectangular steel plate 25, horizontal slide 26, vertical slide 27, end horizontal sliding member 28, cylindrical roller bearing 281, T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282, thrust cylindrical roller bearing 29, tapered roller bearing 30, waist-shaped hole 31, mixed tower 32, embedded steel bar 33. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by means of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the load on the wind turbine tower in the background technology of the present invention, where Figure 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of the composite load on the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (b) is the shear force diagram of the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (c) is the load bending moment diagram of the wind turbine tower. Figure 1 (d) is a schematic diagram of the composite load on the end of the wind turbine tower section;

[0052] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of coupling load influence in the background technology of the present invention, wherein Figure 2 (a) is a comparison diagram of horizontal displacement before and after the coupling load is applied. Figure 2 (b) is a comparison diagram of torsional deformation before and after the coupling load is applied;

[0053] Example 1

[0054] like Figure 3-Figure 7 as well as Figures 9 to 16The device shown is an anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for loading of compression, bending, shear and torsion tests on wind turbine towers, including a support 11 firmly connected to the ground by a plurality of ground anchors, ensuring the stability and horizontality of the support 11, and providing stable support for the subsequent installation of the steel tower 10. Four reaction columns 2 are installed at the four corners of one side of the reaction wall 1, and the reaction columns 2 are fixed to the ground foundation by bolts and other fasteners to ensure the verticality and stability of the reaction columns 2 to withstand the reaction forces generated during the subsequent loading process. Between the two corresponding front and rear reaction columns 2, a first reaction longitudinal beam 3 is fixedly installed by bolts to ensure the horizontality and verticality of the first reaction longitudinal beam 3, providing a basis for the installation of the reaction beam 4. The reaction beam 4 is fixedly installed on the top of the two first reaction longitudinal beams 3 by bolts to form a stable frame structure, thereby enhancing the bearing capacity of the entire loading device.

[0055] At the bottom end of the reaction beam 4, a first actuator 5 is bolted coaxially to the support 11. The selection of the first actuator 5 takes into account the maximum vertical load requirements of the steel tower 10 to ensure stable load application during the test. The installation position of the first actuator 5 is precisely calculated to ensure that the load application point is aligned with the center of gravity of the adapter 17, circular steel plate 18, and steel tower 10, minimizing the impact of eccentricity.

[0056] The steel tower 10 is placed on top of the support 11 and is firmly fixed to the support 11 by means of studs and nuts to ensure the stability of the steel tower 10 during loading and prevent the steel tower 10 from moving or tilting.

[0057] An adapter 17 is installed at the top of the steel tower 10. The adapter 17 is provided with a rotating assembly for load transfer. The rotating assembly includes an adapter inner ring 171, an end horizontal sliding member 28 arranged inside the adapter inner ring 171, a thrust cylindrical roller bearing 29 arranged circumferentially along the bottom surface of the adapter inner ring 171, a tapered roller bearing 30 arranged circumferentially along the side surface of the adapter inner ring 171, and an adapter outer ring 172. The top of the end horizontal sliding member 28 is fixedly connected to a circular steel plate 18 for easy fixation with the loading beam 9. When the adapter rotates, the adapter outer ring 172 rotates around the axis, and the adapter inner ring 171 does not rotate.

[0058] Reference Figure 14-15A horizontal slot 26, compatible with the end horizontal slide 28, is located at the top center of the adapter's inner ring 171. Directly below the horizontal slot 26, a vertical slot 27 is located within the adapter's inner ring 171, perpendicular to the horizontal slot 26. The end horizontal slide 28 comprises a cylindrical roller bearing 281 and a T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282. The cylindrical roller bearings 281 are mounted on both ends of the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282. The end horizontal slide 28 is inserted along the horizontal slot 26 and then rotated 90 degrees. The space in the vertical slot 27 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the roller bearing on the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282. The vertical slot 27 can be a cylindrical slot with a diameter greater than the length of the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282, or a cubic slot with a length greater than the length of the bottom crossbeam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft 282. The cylindrical roller bearings 281 are used to transfer the vertical load transmitted by the load beam to the adapter 17. The cylindrical roller bearing 281 comprises a cage, cylindrical rollers, an inner ring, an outer ring, and a cage. The collar is a sleeve with an axial stop, mounted on the shaft. The collar is mounted on the end face of the bearing's inner ring. The axial stop fits between the collar and the inner ring to secure the bearing, preventing it from sliding or deflecting along the shaft. The outer diameter of the bearing's outer ring is slightly smaller than the hollow height between the vertical runners 27 to enable the bearing to rotate. The bearing primarily bears radial loads, which are then transferred to the lower steel tower 10.

[0059] The shear force and torque are transmitted to the device through the connection between the loading longitudinal beam 20 and the rectangular steel plate 25 on the outside of the device, and then transmitted to the steel tower 10 through the connection between the bottom of the device and the top of the steel tower 10.

[0060] Reference Figure 13-16 The tapered roller bearings 30 and the thrust cylindrical roller bearings 29 are arranged in equal numbers and are centrally symmetrical. The number of tapered roller bearings 30 and thrust cylindrical roller bearings 29 is preferably 12. Cages are fixedly installed through the tapered roller bearings 30 and thrust cylindrical roller bearings 29, and the fixed installation of the tapered roller bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings is achieved through the cages. A boss is fixedly installed in the middle of the vertical slide 27. The cage of the thrust cylindrical roller bearing 29 near the center is fixed to the boss. The cage of the thrust cylindrical roller bearing 29 away from the boss passes through the cage at the lower end of the tapered roller bearing 30 and then abuts against the side of the adapter outer ring 172. A ridge is fixedly installed on the top of the adapter outer ring 172, facing the adapter inner ring 171. The cage of the tapered roller bearing 30 at the upper end abuts against this ridge.

[0061] The tapered roller bearing 30 sequentially comprises an outer ring, a cage, tapered rollers, and an inner ring. The thrust cylindrical roller bearing 29 comprises a shaft ring, cylindrical rollers, a cage, and a seat ring. The tapered rollers and cylindrical rollers are each held in place by a cage, allowing them to rotate within the cage. The adapter outer ring 172 rotates about its axis, while the adapter inner ring 171 does not. Specifically, when torque is transmitted to the adapter 17, the adapter outer ring 172 rotates. The contact between the adapter outer ring 172 and the adapter inner ring 171 can be considered to consist of two surfaces: a circumferential side surface and a circular bottom surface. Arranging the tapered rollers and cylindrical rollers and the cage on these two surfaces, respectively, can reduce friction between the two contact surfaces, thereby ensuring that the adapter inner ring 171 does not rotate when the adapter outer ring 172 rotates.

[0062] The tapered roller bearing 30 primarily bears radial and axial loads, enabling both the rotation of the inner and outer rings. The tension transmitted by the inner ring is then transferred through the bearing to the outer ring and, in turn, to the steel tower 10. The thrust cylindrical roller bearing 29 primarily bears axial loads, enabling both the rotation of the upper and lower structures and the transmission of pressure from the upper structure.

[0063] The steel plate at the bottom of the adapter 17 is circumferentially provided with multiple waist-shaped holes 31 to facilitate adaptation to towers of different diameters. This facilitates the installation and disassembly of the steel tower 10 and is suitable for steel towers 10 of different diameters and types, transferring all loads to the steel tower 10. Regarding the installation and fixation of the steel tower: circular steel plates are welded to the top and bottom of the steel tower 10, and are connected and fixed to the support 11 and the adapter 17 via circumferential bolts on the steel plates.

[0064] A loading beam 9 is also installed above the steel tower 10. Multiple through-holes are arranged in a circular pattern at the bottom of the beam. Aligning the through-holes with the screws on the circular steel plate 18 and securing them with nuts, the loading beam is securely connected to the adapter 17, ensuring that the loading beam 9 can accurately transmit the loading force to the steel tower 10.

[0065] The output end of the first actuator 5 contacts the loading beam 9 , and the axial pressure is applied to the steel tower 10 through the telescopic movement of the first actuator 5 , thereby realizing the axial pressure test of the steel tower 10 .

[0066] A second reaction beam 7 is mounted on one set of reaction columns 2, and a third actuator 8 is bolted to the top of the second reaction beam 7. A second actuator 6 is bolted to the bottom of the other first reaction beam 3, so that the output ends of the third and second actuators 8 and 6 contact the loading beam 9. The second actuator 6 is located above the loading beam 9, while the third actuator 8 is located below the loading beam 9. This simulates the actual bending moment at the end of the steel tower 10 and dynamically simulates the effect of changes in eccentricity on the performance of the steel tower 10 by adjusting the magnitude of the bending moment. The stroke and force range of the third and second actuators 8 and 6 are selected based on the design bending moment of the steel tower 10 to ensure that they cover the required bending moment range for testing. By controlling the telescopic movement of the second and third actuators 6 and 8, different loads can be applied to the steel tower 10, enabling testing of the steel tower 10 under different stress conditions.

[0067] The reaction wall 1 is mounted on one side of the support 11, with the fourth actuator 12 fixedly mounted via studs. A connector 19 for use with the fourth actuator 12 is installed below the loading beam 9. Connector 19 comprises a loading beam 20 bolted to the bottom of the loading beam 9. A slideway 21 is defined at the bottom of the loading beam 20, and a guide rod 22 is fixedly mounted on one side of the loading beam 20. A loading plate 23, which is used in conjunction with the fourth actuator 12, is slidably mounted within the slideway 21. The loading plate 23 includes a connection mechanism with a latch hole. Inserting a suitable latch into the latch hole secures the end of the fourth actuator to the loading plate. The loading plate 23 slides over the guide rod 22. A screw 24 is rotatably mounted on one side of the loading beam 20 via a bearing, and the loading plate 23 is threadedly mounted on the screw 24. Bolts secure the fourth actuator 12 to the reaction wall. By acting on the loading beam 20, the fourth actuator simulates the horizontal shear and torque forces acting on the steel tower 10.

[0068] Horizontal shear and torque are applied to the loading beam 20 via the fourth actuator 12, simulating the horizontal shear and torque experienced by the steel tower 10. The mounting position and point of application of the fourth actuator 12 can be adjusted via a sliding guide 21 to accommodate varying test conditions. By rotating a screw 24, the position of the loading plate 23 within the guide 21 can be adjusted, ensuring precise contact between the loading plate 23 and the output of the fourth actuator 12, effectively loading the steel tower 10.

[0069] Reference Figure 16 The assembly method of the adapter 17 comprises the following steps:

[0070] S1. The inner ring 171 of the adapter is cast in one piece and has a horizontal chute 26. The width of the hollow portion at the top of the horizontal chute 26 is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing 281 of the horizontal sliding member 28 at the end.

[0071] S2, first lower the end horizontal sliding member 28 in the horizontal direction parallel to the horizontal chute 26 to a specified height, and then rotate it 90° perpendicular to the horizontal direction of the horizontal chute 26;

[0072] S3. Install the tapered rollers, thrust cylindrical rollers, and cages onto the circumferential side surfaces and bottom surfaces of the inner ring 171 of the adapter device, respectively;

[0073] S4. The outer ring 172 of the adapter is spliced by two arc-shaped plates with semicircular end faces. After the internal components are positioned and assembled, the outer ring of the adapter is assembled. After the adapter is docked, it is fixed by welding or bolt fasteners to form a whole to meet the use requirements.

[0074] When using the integrated adapter device for the compression, bending, shear and torsion test of a wind turbine tower, the steel tower 10 is first placed on the support 11, and the adapter 17 is placed on the top of the steel tower 10, so that the studs at the top of the steel tower 10 are inserted into the corresponding through holes and tightened with nuts. The loading beam 9 is placed on the top of the adapter 17 and fixed with the stud nuts. Then, the screw 24 is rotated. During the rotation of the screw 24, the loading plate 23 can be driven to move in the slide 21, so that the loading plate 23 corresponds to the fourth actuator 12.

[0075] The hydraulic station is used to drive the first actuator 5 so that the output end of the first actuator 5 contacts the loading beam and continues to apply pressure, thereby applying pressure to the axial load of the steel tower 10;

[0076] At the same time, the hydraulic station is used to start the second actuator 6 and the third actuator 8, so that they contact the corresponding loading beam 9, and apply bending moment to the steel tower 10. At the same time, the fourth actuator 12 is started, so that the fourth actuator 12 contacts the loading plate 23. The loading plate 23 can transmit horizontal shear force and torque to the tower, apply horizontal load pressure, and realize the coordination of horizontal force and torque of different magnitudes. The four actuators realize the composite load simulation of the tower under the action of bending moment, vertical axial force, horizontal shear force, and torque. The schematic diagram of the coupled load loading is shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown, the free ends of the second actuator 6 and the third actuator 8 are fixed to the loading plate on the loading beam 9 using pins. This device can meet the needs of the hysteresis test.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] like Figure 3-Figure 5 as well as Figures 8 to 16The illustrated device is an integrated, anti-interference, decoupling, and switching device for wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear, and torsion testing. For the installation and fixation of the mixed tower, the longitudinal reinforcement of the mixed tower is extended, the extended portion is threaded, and then bolted to the support 11 and the adapter 17. The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the tower is a reinforced concrete mixed tower 32. The connection between the adapter 17 and the mixed tower 32 is achieved by inserting the pre-embedded reinforcement 33 in the mixed tower 32 into the waist-shaped hole 31 of the conversion device 17 and then securing it with a nut. The connection between the mixed tower 33 and the support 11 is achieved by inserting the pre-embedded reinforcement 33 in the mixed tower 32 into the waist-shaped hole of the support 11 and then securing it with a nut.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion test loading anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a reaction wall, a support fixedly connected to the ground, and four reaction columns arranged on one side of the reaction wall, a first reaction longitudinal beam being fixedly arranged between two corresponding reaction columns, a reaction cross beam being fixedly arranged on the top of the two first reaction longitudinal beams, and a first actuator being fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the reaction cross beam being coaxial with the support; The tower to be tested is fixedly provided on the top of the support, the top of the tower is connected to a loading beam via an adapter, the output end of the first actuator contacts the loading beam, and an axial load is applied to the tower; a second reaction longitudinal beam is provided on one group of the reaction columns, the top of the second reaction longitudinal beam is fixedly connected to a third actuator, and the bottom of the first reaction longitudinal beam is fixedly connected to a second actuator, and the output ends of the third actuator and the second actuator both contact the loading beam; A fourth actuator is fixedly provided on one side of the reaction wall, and a connecting piece for use with the fourth actuator is provided below the loading beam; a rectangular steel plate for use with the connecting piece is provided on the side of the adapter corresponding to the connecting piece; the adapter is provided with a rotating component for load transfer.

2. The anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion test loading according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rotating assembly includes an inner ring of the adapter device, a T-shaped end horizontal sliding member rotatably arranged inside the inner ring of the adapter device, several groups of thrust cylindrical roller bearings evenly arranged circumferentially along the bottom surface of the inner ring of the adapter device, several groups of tapered roller bearings evenly arranged circumferentially along the side surface of the inner ring of the adapter device, and an outer ring of the adapter device, wherein a circular steel plate is fixedly connected to the top of the end horizontal sliding member for easy fixed connection with the loading beam. When the adapter device rotates, the outer ring of the adapter device rotates around the axis, and the inner ring of the adapter device does not rotate.

3. The anti-interference decoupling and switching integrated device for wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion test loading according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A horizontal slide groove compatible with the end horizontal sliding member is opened at the top center position of the inner ring of the adapter device, and a vertical slide groove perpendicular to the horizontal slide groove is opened inside the inner ring of the adapter device directly below the horizontal slide groove. The end horizontal sliding member includes a cylindrical roller bearing and a T-shaped cylindrical shaft. The cylindrical roller bearings are fixed to the two ends of the bottom cross beam of the T-shaped cylindrical shaft through end covers. The end horizontal sliding member is inserted into the designated position along the horizontal slide groove and then rotated 90° to be placed. The spatial height of the vertical slide groove is greater than the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing on the T-shaped cylindrical shaft. The cylindrical roller bearing is used to bear the vertical load transmitted to the device by the loading beam at the top of the adapter device.

4. The anti-interference decoupling and switching integrated device for wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion test loading according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The tapered roller bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings are of the same number and are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner. A retaining frame is fixedly installed through the tapered roller bearings and the thrust cylindrical roller bearings, and the tapered roller bearings and the thrust cylindrical roller bearings are fixedly installed by the retaining frame.

5. The anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion test loading according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The top of the circular steel plate and the bottom of the loading beam are both provided with multiple through holes, which are arranged in a ring shape. The circular steel plate and the loading beam are fixedly connected by bolt fasteners; the bottom cantilever of the adapter is evenly provided with multiple waist-shaped holes along the circumference to facilitate adaptation to different cylinder diameters and different types of tower cylinders.

6. The anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion test loading according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer ring of the adapter is welded from two arc-shaped plates with semicircular end faces, and a gap is left between the rotating assembly composed of the inner ring of the adapter and the outer ring of the adapter and the circular steel plate.

7. The anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion test loading according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The connecting part includes a loading longitudinal beam fixed to the bottom of the loading beam by bolts, a slideway is provided at the bottom of the loading longitudinal beam, a guide rod is fixedly provided through one side of the loading longitudinal beam, a loading plate is slidably provided in the slideway for use with the fourth actuator, the loading plate is slidably sleeved on the guide rod, a screw is rotatably provided on one side of the loading longitudinal beam through a bearing, and the loading plate is threadedly sleeved on the screw rod.

8. The loading method for the anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion testing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Fix the tower to the support with fasteners, then use fasteners to fix the adapter to the end of the tower, and use fasteners to fix the loading beam, loading longitudinal beam and circular steel plate and rectangular steel plate of the adapter respectively; S2. Start the first actuator through the hydraulic station to make it contact the loading beam, the adapter and the tower in sequence to perform the axial load test on the tower; S3. Simultaneously start the second and third actuators through the hydraulic station to apply bending moment to the end of the tower, and simultaneously start the fourth actuator to twist the tower and load the horizontal load. Only a single set of oil pumps is used to control the first actuator, and another set of oil pumps is used to control the expansion and contraction behavior of the second, third, and fourth actuators, thereby realizing composite load simulation of the tower under the action of bending moment, vertical axial force, horizontal shear force, and torque.

9. The loading method for the anti-interference decoupling switching integrated device for wind turbine tower compression, bending, shear and torsion testing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The assembly method of the adapter device in step S1 includes the following steps: S11. The inner ring of the transfer device is cast in one piece and has a horizontal chute. The width of the hollow portion at the top of the horizontal chute is larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical roller bearing of the horizontal sliding member at the end. S12, first lower the end horizontal sliding member in a direction parallel to the horizontal direction of the horizontal chute to a specified height, and then rotate it 90 degrees perpendicular to the horizontal direction of the horizontal chute; S13. Install the tapered roller, thrust cylindrical roller, and cage onto the circumferential side surface and bottom surface of the inner ring of the adapter device respectively; S14. The outer ring of the adapter is welded by two arc-shaped plates with semicircular end faces. The outer ring of the adapter is assembled after the internal components are positioned and assembled. After the adapter is butt-jointed, it is fixed by welding or bolt fasteners to form a whole to meet the use requirements.

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