Multi-field sensing fusion deep sea geological environment dynamic monitoring system and application method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-field sensing fusion deep sea geological environment dynamic monitoring system and an application method. The system comprises a buoy measuring platform, a multi-beam sounding system, a high-precision marine gravimeter, an external camera, a GPS, a data acquisition and transmission control unit and a power supply system. By designing a modularized and integrated multi-sensor buoy platform, various sensors are fused and integrated. A plurality of sensors are connected to the data acquisition control terminal, the steps of sensor calibration, data synchronization and clock calibration, correction and compensation, data acquisition, real-time processing, fine post-processing, data transmission and the like are completed, and multi-sensor collaborative operation is realized, so that submarine topography and ocean gravity data of a deep sea ditch area are synchronously acquired in real time; and thus, diving erosion information experienced by the area can be accurately monitored. The method can provide important support for submarine topography and landform detection and application and marine geographic information system construction, and has application value in the aspects of geological disaster early warning, resource development and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of marine geological monitoring and seabed measurement technology, and specifically to a multi-field sensing fusion deep-sea geological environment dynamic monitoring system and application method. Background Art

[0002] Modern oceanographic surveys and deep-sea geological monitoring involve real-time observation and analysis of the world's oceans and their tectonic activity. This is crucial for understanding plate tectonic evolution, early warning of geological disasters, and seabed resource exploration. Deep-sea trenches are among the most tectonically active regions on Earth, and their geological evolution and seafloor morphology are directly linked to major geological hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and submarine landslides. Traditional seafloor survey methods rely primarily on single sensors (such as single-beam bathymetry and sidescan sonar), which are limited in data acquisition range, accuracy, and real-time performance, making them inadequate for deep-sea tectonic monitoring and disaster warning.

[0003] Currently, submarine geological monitoring in trench areas often uses a variety of technical means to obtain multi-beam bathymetry data, gravity data, and inertial navigation data, and perform data fusion analysis. However, traditional methods are mostly offline processing, with low data transmission efficiency. At the same time, there are problems such as inconsistent benchmarks and data docking difficulties between different sensors, resulting in insufficient real-time performance of the system and an inability to capture rapidly evolving geological information in a timely manner, thus delaying early warning responses. In addition, traditional seabed buoy survey methods generally rely on a single sensor, resulting in low data dimensionality and susceptibility to environmental interference such as ocean currents and waves. In addition, insufficient energy supply limits the long-term stable operation of the system and the application of comprehensive data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies and aims to provide a multi-field sensor fusion system and application method for dynamic monitoring of deep-sea geological environments. This system optimizes sensor installation and integrates multi-beam bathymetry, gravity measurement, and inertial navigation data, achieving efficient data transmission, precise spatiotemporal registration, and real-time monitoring. Compared to traditional methods, this invention improves data fusion accuracy and system real-time performance, and is widely applicable to submarine structure monitoring, disaster warning, and island, reef, and shore mapping.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A multi-field sensor fusion deep-sea geological environment dynamic monitoring system, including a buoy measurement platform, a multi-beam bathymetric system, and an anchoring system; The multi-beam bathymetric system is fixed to the buoy measurement platform via a flange; The anchoring system includes a buoy, a synthetic fiber rope, a stainless steel anchor chain, and a concrete anchor. The buoy is connected to the buoy measurement platform via the synthetic fiber rope to provide buoyancy and maintain the vertical stability of the system. The lower end of the synthetic fiber rope is connected to the stainless steel anchor chain and further connected to the concrete anchor at the bottom to achieve reliable anchoring of the entire system and its ability to resist current disturbances. The buoy measurement platform comprises: The buoy's main control cabin is used for sensor data processing, system monitoring, and mission execution; Data acquisition and transmission control unit, used to remotely transmit data to the monitoring center; High-precision ocean gravimeters, used to measure tiny crustal gravity changes; Inertial navigation system, used to provide high-precision positioning and attitude measurement; GPS receiver and GPS antenna, used to provide geographic positioning to ensure accurate positioning and trajectory tracking of the buoy system; Solar panels to power the system.

[0006] The buoy measurement platform further comprises: Anti-collision device, used to enhance the buoy's ability to resist impact; External cameras and alarm devices are used to monitor the buoy's surroundings in real time and trigger alarms in abnormal situations; Lightning rods, used to protect electronic equipment from damage caused by lightning; Satellite communication antenna, supporting global long-distance data transmission; Wind speed and direction sensors are used to monitor offshore wind speed, wind direction and other meteorological parameters, and assist in environmental data analysis; The buoy auxiliary control cabin serves as a backup and auxiliary unit for the buoy main control cabin, ensuring the stability, reliability and long-term operation capability of the system; Fixed frame, used to install and fix various sensors and equipment of buoy; Maintenance platforms and guardrails facilitate manual maintenance and system inspections.

[0007] The multi-beam echo sounding system uses an upper flange to provide a stable mounting interface for connection with the buoy; the flange mounting nuts and flange mounting bolts are used to fix the flange to ensure the stability of the echo sounding system in complex environments; a stainless steel prism fixing bracket and a triangular clamp bracket are used to ensure that the transducer mounting device and the multi-beam transducer are firmly installed, reducing the impact of waves and fluid dynamics on measurement accuracy; the fixing bracket mounting nut eye and the fixing bracket mounting bolts are used to adjust and reinforce the transducer bracket to ensure stability during long-term operation at sea.

[0008] An application method of the multi-field sensing fusion deep-sea geological environment dynamic monitoring system includes the following steps: Step 1: System installation, calibration and site selection 1.1) First, pre-assemble the system in the experimental waters: install the high-precision ocean gravimeter, inertial navigation system, data acquisition and transmission control unit, and GPS receiver in the corresponding positions of the buoy's main control cabin on the buoy measurement platform; 1.2) Calibration of the Multibeam Bathymetry System and High-Precision Ocean Gravimeter: System calibration involves adjustments and error correction for the multibeam bathymetry system and high-precision ocean gravimeter. Calibration of the multibeam bathymetry system begins by confirming the installation angle of the multibeam transducer and correcting for pitch angle errors using the inertial navigation system. Comparative measurements are conducted in areas of known depth, using GPS receivers for precise positioning and combining water temperature and salinity data to correct for the effects of seawater sound velocity on bathymetry accuracy. Ocean gravimeter calibration relies on benchmark measurements in stable areas, comparing and adjusting instrument reference values, and using the inertial navigation system to correct for buoy sway to ensure data stability. Finally, data synchronization is performed through the data acquisition and transmission control unit to verify the accuracy and reliability of the overall measurement system. 1.3) System Site Selection and Deployment: The monitoring area must have good satellite signal coverage to ensure stable operation of the GPS receiver and satellite communication antenna. Furthermore, to ensure representative measurement data, the deployment area should be located in an area with significant trench topographic changes, and coverage of different terrain units should be considered to reflect geological changes in the trench. Finally, after the trial operation, necessary fine-tuning and optimization will be carried out based on measurement data analysis and environmental adaptation to ensure the long-term monitoring capability of the system. Step 2: Data acquisition and real-time processing.

[0009] The step 2: data collection and real-time processing is as follows: 2.1) Multibeam bathymetric data acquisition and processing The multi-beam bathymetry system uses transducers to transmit sound waves and receive echoes, and uses an inertial navigation system and GPS receiver to record data and perform attitude corrections in real time to acquire high-resolution seabed topography data. Under the influence of ocean currents, the system forms a circular survey area centered on the anchor point near the concrete anchor, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the area. The collected data is pre-processed by the data acquisition and transmission control unit, including noise removal, tidal correction, and drift compensation. Ultimately, a high-resolution three-dimensional seabed topography model is constructed, and key parameters such as fore-arc slope and dive angle are extracted to support subsequent analysis. 2.2) High-precision ocean gravimeters are responsible for measuring gravity anomalies in trench areas to obtain information about crustal structure. During the ocean gravity data acquisition process, the system first performs dynamic corrections using an inertial navigation system to eliminate interference from ocean currents and buoy motion to ensure measurement accuracy. The data is pre-processed by the data acquisition and transmission control unit, and precise positioning data is provided by a GPS receiver to match gravity measurements with spatial coordinates. Based on the measured gravity anomaly data, the Bouguer gravity anomaly correction formula is used: (1); in: g ob To observe gravity, ∆ g fa is the free air correction, ∆ g Bouguer Corrected for Bouguer; After obtaining the Bouguer gravity anomaly, the semi-infinite medium model is used to estimate the forearc crust thickness D. The gravity anomaly and crust thickness satisfy the linear relationship, and the formula is: (2); in: G is the gravitational constant, ∆ ρ is the density difference between the forearc crust and the underlying mantle; After data preprocessing, correction and inversion calculation, the system can obtain the forearc crust thickness, providing key parameter support for subsequent subduction erosion rate calculation and geological structure analysis; Step 3: Data transmission, storage and accuracy evaluation.

[0010] Step 3: Data transmission, storage and accuracy evaluation is as follows: 3.1) During system operation, the collected multi-beam bathymetric and ocean gravity data are first pre-processed and stored in real time by the Data Acquisition and Transmission Control Unit, ensuring that the data is simultaneously stored in the main and secondary control cabins of the buoy. After preliminary processing, the data is transmitted in real time via satellite communication antennas, and ultimately transmitted to a land-based monitoring center with high precision to support subsequent data analysis and disaster warning. The system uses positioning and attitude information provided by the GPS receiver and inertial navigation system to synchronize the time and space coordinates of the data, ensuring the continuity and accuracy of the transmitted data. 3.2) The system uses root mean square error R Quantitatively analyze the measurement accuracy after sensor fusion, the calculation formula is: (3); Where: R is the root mean square error, X i is the 𝑖th measurement value,X r is the reference value, N is the number of measurements; Step 4: Data analysis, erosion rate calculation and disaster warning.

[0011] The aforementioned step 4: data analysis, erosion rate calculation and disaster warning is as follows: 4.1) Use the fused multi-beam bathymetric data to construct a high-resolution 3D seabed topography model and extract key parameters from it. The landward migration distance of the trench within the circular survey area centered on the anchor point is A , forearc slope θ and the dip angle of the subducting plate φ At the same time, the thickness of the forearc crust is obtained by inverting gravity data D , providing accurate data support for subsequent erosion rate calculations; 4.2) Based on the extracted parameters, the system calculates the subduction erosion rate using the following formula E : (4); in, E represents the long-term subduction erosion rate, A represents the landward migration distance of the trench, D represents the thickness of the forearc crust, θ represents the fore-arc slope, φ represents the dip angle of the subducting plate, t Indicates the time interval for recording observations; 4.3) Based on subduction erosion rate E , a comprehensive disaster warning model was constructed systematically: first, the critical erosion rate threshold was set based on historical data and regional geological characteristics E c ;when E When this threshold is exceeded, it indicates that an abnormally accelerated erosion process has occurred at the front edge of the trench, which indicates that the risk of submarine landslides and earthquake geological disasters has increased significantly. To ensure the accuracy of the early warning, the model comprehensively considers gravity anomalies, environmental parameters including wind speed, ocean currents, and meteorological information, and time-series change trends, and monitors and compares key indicators in real time. Once a continuous increase in the erosion rate or a sudden change in the short term is detected, the system will automatically trigger an early warning and record detailed data for further analysis by experts.

[0012] Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) Versatility. The system adopts a modular and integrated design. The sensors in the system (such as multi-beam echo sounders, high-precision ocean gravimeters, inertial navigation systems, etc.) can be flexibly replaced and expanded to meet different deep-sea monitoring needs and adapt to the requirements of different brands and models of instruments. (2) Data accuracy. Through multi-sensor data fusion, accurate spatiotemporal registration and linkage calibration between sensors can be achieved, effectively reducing the system error caused by inconsistent data benchmarks, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of seabed topography and crust thickness measurements; (3) Real-time and high efficiency. The system has high-speed data acquisition and satellite communication transmission capabilities, which can monitor seabed structures and geological changes in real time, capture geological evolution information in a timely manner, and provide efficient data support for deep-sea disaster warning and structural dynamic analysis; (4) Safety and stability. The buoy measurement platform is stabilized in harsh sea conditions by the coordinated fixation of concrete anchors, stainless steel anchor chains, synthetic fiber ropes, and buoys. The platform status is monitored in real time to ensure the safety of field operations. (5) Complete operability. The present invention provides a full-process solution from system installation, calibration, data acquisition, real-time transmission, subsequent processing to accuracy assessment, making deep-sea real-time monitoring and disaster warning more convenient and efficient, and can be directly applied to field surveys and marine engineering.

[0013] This invention is suitable for real-time seafloor geological monitoring in deep-sea trenches, deep-sea disaster warning, and plate tectonic research. Based on multi-sensor fusion technologies such as multi-beam bathymetry systems, high-precision ocean gravimeters, inertial navigation systems, and satellite communications, the invention can accurately collect and transmit key data such as seafloor topography and crust thickness in real time, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of traditional offline processing, inconsistent data benchmarks, and insufficient real-time performance. This system not only provides reliable data support for seafloor geological evolution and disaster warning, but also opens up new technological avenues for marine engineering, resource development, and deep-sea scientific research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a working schematic diagram of the present invention for implementing measurement and geological monitoring.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the monitoring system of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the top view structure.

[0017] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the mid-buoy measurement platform.

[0018] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the components of the GPS antenna.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 It is the use of Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the principle of calculating subduction erosion volume based on measurement data.

[0021] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the present invention for calculating the volume of forearc crust removed due to subduction erosion in a typical trench area.

[0022] Figure 1: Buoy measurement platform 1, multi-beam bathymetry system 2, float 3, synthetic fiber rope 4, stainless steel anchor chain 5, concrete anchor 6; buoy main control cabin 1.1, anti-collision device 1.2, high-precision ocean gravimeter 1.3, inertial navigation system 1.4, data acquisition and transmission control unit 1.5, GPS receiver 1.6, GPS antenna 1.7, external camera and alarm device 1.8, lightning rod 1.9, satellite communication antenna 1.10, wind speed and direction sensor 1.11, buoy secondary control cabin 1.12, fixing bracket 1.13, solar panel 1.14, maintenance platform 1.15, guardrail 1.16; upper flange 2.1, flange mounting nut 2.2, flange mounting bolt 2.3, stainless steel prism fixing bracket 2.4, triangular clamp bracket 2.5, transducer mounting device 2.6, multi-beam transducer 2.7, fixing bracket mounting nut and eye 2.8, fixing bracket mounting bolt 2.9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to further understand the technical content, features and functions of the present invention, the following examples are listed and explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Example 1 Deep sea geological environment dynamic monitoring system based on multi-field sensor fusion, Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the work of measuring and geological monitoring for the monitoring system; refer to the attached Figure 2 and 3 It includes a buoy measurement platform 1, a multi-beam sounding system 2, a float 3, a synthetic fiber rope 4, a stainless steel anchor chain 5, and a concrete anchor 6; refer to the attached Figure 2 and 4 The system fixes the buoy measurement platform 1 through a concrete anchor 6 and a stainless steel anchor chain 5, and uses a synthetic fiber rope 4 and a buoy 3 to keep it stably suspended. At the same time, it realizes the real-time collection and transmission of seabed geological data through a multi-beam bathymetric system 2, a high-precision ocean gravimeter 1.2 integrated in the buoy, and a data acquisition and transmission control unit 1.5; refer to the attached Figure 4The buoy measurement platform 1 further includes a buoy main control cabin 1.1, which is mainly responsible for sensor data processing, system monitoring and task execution; an anti-collision device 1.2 is used to enhance the buoy's impact resistance and prevent damage in severe sea conditions; a high-precision ocean gravimeter 1.3 is used to measure tiny crustal gravity changes; an inertial navigation system 1.4 provides high-precision positioning and attitude measurement; a data acquisition and transmission control unit 1.5 can remotely transmit data to a monitoring center; a GPS receiver 1.6 and a GPS antenna 1.7 are used to provide high-precision geographic positioning to ensure accurate positioning and trajectory tracking of the buoy system; refer to the attached Figure 5 The bottom of the GPS antenna 1.7 is welded with an external thread, which is connected to the built-in thread at the top of the fixing rod and is fixed to the top of the buoy auxiliary control cabin 1.12 by a flange and bolts; the external camera and alarm device 1.8 can be used to monitor the environment around the buoy in real time and trigger an alarm under abnormal circumstances; the lightning rod 1.9 is used to protect electronic equipment from damage by lightning; the satellite communication antenna 1.10 supports global remote data transmission; the wind speed and direction sensor 1.11 is used to monitor meteorological parameters such as wind speed and wind direction at sea, and assist in environmental data analysis; the buoy auxiliary control cabin 1.12 serves as a backup and auxiliary unit for the buoy main control cabin 1.1, ensuring the stability, reliability and long-term operation capability of the system; the fixing bracket 1.13 is used to install and fix various sensors and equipment on the buoy; the entire system is powered by solar panels 1.14, providing sustainable energy supply, ensuring long-term unattended operation of the system; the maintenance platform 1.15 and guardrail 1.16 facilitate manual maintenance and system inspection, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0025] Refer to the attached Figure 4 The multi-beam echo sounder system 2 uses an upper flange 2.1 to provide a stable mounting interface for connection to a buoy or other platform. Flange mounting nuts 2.2 and flange mounting bolts 2.3 are used to secure the flange, ensuring the stability of the echo sounder system in complex environments. A stainless steel prism fixing bracket 2.4 and a triangular clamp bracket 2.5 are used to ensure that the transducer mounting device 2.6 and the multi-beam transducer 2.7 are firmly installed, reducing the impact of waves and fluid dynamics on measurement accuracy. The fixing bracket mounting nut eye 2.8 and fixing bracket mounting bolts 2.9 are used to adjust and reinforce the transducer bracket to ensure stability during long-term operation at sea.

[0026] Example 2 The measurement method of the deep-sea geological environment dynamic monitoring system based on multi-field sensor fusion includes the following steps: Step 1: System installation, calibration and site selection 1.1) First, pre-assemble in the experimental waters: install key equipment such as the high-precision ocean gravimeter (1.3), inertial navigation system (1.4), data acquisition and transmission control unit (1.5), and GPS receiver (1.6) at the corresponding positions of the buoy main control cabin (1.1) in the buoy measurement platform 1; 1.2) Calibration of the multi-beam echo sounder system and the high-precision ocean gravimeter: To ensure measurement accuracy, the system calibration mainly adjusts and corrects errors for the multi-beam echo sounder system 2 and the high-precision ocean gravimeter (1.3). The calibration of the multi-beam echo sounder system first requires confirming the installation angle of the multi-beam transducer (2.7) and correcting the pitch angle error in combination with the inertial navigation system (1.4). Comparative measurements are carried out in areas with known depths, using the GPS receiver (1.6) to provide precise positioning, and combining water temperature and salinity data to correct the impact of seawater sound velocity on echo sounding accuracy. The calibration of the ocean gravimeter relies on benchmark measurements in stable areas to compare and adjust the instrument reference values, while combining the inertial navigation system (1.4) to correct the impact of buoy shaking to ensure data stability. Finally, data synchronization is performed through the data acquisition and transmission control unit (1.5) to verify the accuracy and reliability of the overall measurement system; 1.3) System Site Selection and Deployment: The preferred monitoring area must provide good satellite signal coverage to ensure stable operation of the GPS receiver (1.6) and satellite communication antenna (1.10). Furthermore, to ensure representative measurement data, the deployment area should be located in an area with significant trench topographic changes, while also ensuring coverage of different terrain units to fully reflect the geological changes in the trench. Finally, after a short-term trial run, necessary fine-tuning and optimization will be performed based on measurement data analysis and environmental adaptation to ensure the system's long-term monitoring capabilities. Step 2: Data acquisition and real-time processing 2.1) Multibeam bathymetric data acquisition and processing The multi-beam bathymetric system 2 uses a transducer (2.7) to transmit sound waves and receive echoes, acquiring high-resolution seabed topography data through real-time data recording and attitude correction (with the help of an inertial navigation system (1.4) and a GPS receiver (1.6)). Due to the influence of ocean currents, the system forms a circular survey area centered on the anchor point (concrete anchor 6) near the anchor point, ensuring full coverage of the area. The collected data is pre-processed by the data acquisition and transmission control unit (1.5), including denoising, tidal correction, and drift compensation. Ultimately, a high-resolution three-dimensional seabed topography model is constructed, and key parameters such as fore-arc slope and dive angle are extracted to support subsequent analysis. 2.2) The high-precision ocean gravimeter (1.3) is responsible for measuring gravity anomalies in the trench region to obtain information about the Earth's crustal structure. During the ocean gravity data acquisition process, the system first performs dynamic corrections through the inertial navigation system (1.4) to eliminate interference factors such as ocean currents and buoy movement to ensure measurement accuracy. The data is preprocessed by the data acquisition and transmission control unit (1.5) and accurately positioned by the GPS receiver (1.6), matching the gravity measurements with spatial coordinates. Based on the measured gravity anomaly data, the Bouguer gravity anomaly correction formula can be used for processing: (1) in: g ob To observe gravity, ∆ g fa is the free air correction, ∆ g Bouguer Corrected for Bouguer; After obtaining the Bouguer gravity anomaly, the semi-infinite medium model can be used to estimate the forearc crust thickness D. Assuming that there is a linear relationship between gravity anomaly and crust thickness, the formula is: (2) in: G is the gravitational constant, ∆ ρ is the density difference between the forearc crust and the underlying mantle; After data preprocessing, correction and inversion calculation, the system can obtain the thickness of the forearc crust, providing key parameter support for subsequent subduction erosion rate calculation and geological structure analysis.

[0027] Step 3: Data transmission, storage and accuracy assessment 3.1) During system operation, the collected multi-beam bathymetric and ocean gravity data are first pre-processed and stored in real time by the Data Acquisition and Transmission Control Unit (1.5), ensuring that the data is simultaneously stored in the buoy's main and secondary control cabins. After preliminary processing, the data is transmitted in real time via a satellite communication antenna (1.10), ultimately transmitting high-precision data to a land-based monitoring center to support subsequent data analysis and disaster warning. The system utilizes positioning and attitude information provided by a GPS receiver (1.6) and an inertial navigation system (1.4) to synchronize the data's temporal and spatial coordinates, ensuring the continuity and accuracy of the transmitted data.

[0028] 3.2) In order to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement data, the system uses the root mean square error R Quantitatively analyze the measurement accuracy after sensor fusion, and the calculation formula is: (3); Where: R is the root mean square error,X i is the 𝑖th measurement value, X r is the reference value, N is the number of measurements.

[0029] Step 4: Data analysis, erosion rate calculation and disaster warning 4.1) Use the fused multi-beam bathymetric data to construct a high-resolution 3D seabed topography model and extract key parameters from it. The landward migration distance of the trench within the circular survey area centered on the anchor point is A , forearc slope θ and the dip angle of the subducting plate φ At the same time, the thickness of the forearc crust is obtained by inverting gravity data D , providing accurate data support for subsequent erosion rate calculations; 4.2) Based on the extracted parameters, the system calculates the subduction erosion rate using the following formula E : (4) in, E represents the long-term subduction erosion rate, A represents the landward migration distance of the trench, D represents the thickness of the forearc crust, θ represents the fore-arc slope, φ represents the dip angle of the subducting plate, t Indicates the time interval for recording observations.

[0030] 4.3) Based on subduction erosion rate E , a comprehensive disaster warning model was constructed systematically. First, the critical erosion rate threshold was set based on historical data and regional geological characteristics. E c ;when E Exceeding this threshold indicates abnormally accelerated erosion at the trench front, foreshadowing a significant increase in the risk of geological hazards such as submarine landslides and earthquakes. To ensure the accuracy of early warnings, the model comprehensively considers gravity anomalies, environmental parameters (such as wind speed, ocean currents, and meteorological information), and temporal trends, monitoring and comparing key indicators in real time. If a sustained increase in the erosion rate or a sudden change in the short term is detected, the system automatically triggers an early warning and records detailed data for further analysis by experts. This early warning model, relying on a strategy that combines quantitative threshold judgment with real-time dynamic monitoring, provides a scientific and reliable basis for geological disaster prevention and control in the trench region.

[0031] The various technical features of the above-described embodiments can be further combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the various technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A multi-field sensing fusion deep-sea geological environment dynamic monitoring system, characterized by: Including buoy measurement platform (1), Multi-beam sounding system (2), anchoring system; The multi-beam bathymetric system (2) is fixed to the buoy measurement platform (1) via a flange; The anchoring system comprises a buoy (3), a synthetic fiber rope (4), a stainless steel anchor chain (5), and a concrete anchor (6); the buoy (3) is connected to the buoy measurement platform (1) via the synthetic fiber rope (4) to provide buoyancy and maintain the vertical stability of the system; the lower end of the synthetic fiber rope (4) is connected to the stainless steel anchor chain (5), and is further connected to the concrete anchor (6) at the bottom to achieve reliable anchoring and resistance to current disturbances of the entire system; The buoy measurement platform (1) comprises: The buoy's main control cabin (1.1) is used for sensor data processing, system monitoring, and mission execution; Data acquisition and transmission control unit (1.5), used for remotely transmitting data to a monitoring center; High-precision ocean gravimeter (1.3), used to measure tiny crustal gravity changes; Inertial navigation system (1.4), used to provide high-precision positioning and attitude measurement; GPS receiver (1.6) and GPS antenna (1.7) for providing geographic positioning to ensure accurate positioning and trajectory tracking of the buoy system; Solar panels (1.14), to power the system.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The buoy measurement platform (1) further comprises: An anti-collision device (1.2) is used to enhance the buoy's ability to resist impact; An external camera and alarm device (1.8) is used to monitor the environment around the buoy in real time and trigger an alarm in case of abnormal conditions; Lightning rods (1.9), used to protect electronic equipment from damage caused by lightning; Satellite communication antenna (1.10), supporting global long-distance data transmission; Wind speed and direction sensor (1.11), used to monitor offshore wind speed, wind direction and other meteorological parameters, and assist in environmental data analysis; The buoy auxiliary control cabin (1.12) serves as a backup and auxiliary unit for the buoy main control cabin (1.1), ensuring the stability, reliability and long-term operation capability of the system; A fixing frame (1.13) for mounting and fixing various sensors and equipment of the buoy; Maintenance platform (1.15) and guardrail (1.16) are provided to facilitate manual maintenance and system inspection.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The multi-beam sounding system (2) uses an upper flange (2.1) to provide a stable mounting interface for connection with a buoy; flange mounting nuts (2.2) and flange mounting bolts (2.3) are used to fix the flange to ensure the stability of the sounding system in complex environments; a stainless steel prism fixing bracket (2.4) and a triangular clamp bracket (2.5) are used to ensure that the transducer mounting device (2.6) and the multi-beam transducer (2.7) are firmly installed to reduce the influence of waves and fluid dynamics on measurement accuracy; a fixing bracket mounting nut eye (2.8) and a fixing bracket mounting bolt (2.9) are used to adjust and reinforce the transducer bracket to ensure stability during long-term operation at sea.

4. An application method of the multi-field sensing fusion deep-sea geological environment dynamic monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: System installation, calibration and site selection 1.1) First, pre-assemble in the experimental waters: install the high-precision ocean gravimeter (1.3), inertial navigation system (1.4), data acquisition and transmission control unit (1.5), and GPS receiver (1.6) at the corresponding positions of the buoy main control cabin (1.1) in the buoy measurement platform (1); 1.2) Calibration of the multi-beam bathymetry system and the high-precision ocean gravimeter: System calibration involves adjustments and error correction for the multi-beam bathymetry system (2) and the high-precision ocean gravimeter (1.3). The calibration of the multi-beam bathymetry system begins by confirming the installation angle of the multi-beam transducer (2.7) and correcting the pitch angle error in conjunction with the inertial navigation system (1.4). Comparative measurements are performed in areas of known depth, using a GPS receiver (1.6) to provide precise positioning, and correcting the effect of seawater sound velocity on bathymetry accuracy in conjunction with water temperature and salinity data. Marine gravimeter calibration relies on benchmark measurements in stable areas, comparing and adjusting the instrument reference values. At the same time, the inertial navigation system (1.4) is used to correct for the effects of buoy sway to ensure data stability. Finally, data synchronization is performed through the data acquisition and transmission control unit (1.5) to verify the accuracy and reliability of the entire measurement system. 1.3) System site selection and deployment: The monitoring area must have good satellite signal coverage to ensure stable operation of the GPS receiver (1.6) and satellite communication antenna (1.10). Furthermore, to ensure representative measurement data, the deployment area should be located in an area with significant trench topographic changes, and coverage of different terrain units should be considered to reflect geological changes in the trench. Finally, after the trial operation, necessary fine-tuning and optimization should be carried out based on measurement data analysis and environmental adaptation to ensure the long-term monitoring capability of the system. Step 2: Data acquisition and real-time processing.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The step 2: data collection and real-time processing is as follows: 2.1) Multibeam bathymetric data acquisition and processing The multi-beam bathymetric system (2) uses a transducer (2.7) to transmit sound waves and receive echoes, and uses an inertial navigation system (1.4) and a GPS receiver (1.6) to record data and perform attitude corrections in real time to obtain high-resolution seabed topography data. Under the influence of ocean currents, the system forms a circular survey area centered on the anchor point near the concrete anchor (6), ensuring full coverage of the area. The collected data is pre-processed by the data acquisition and transmission control unit (1.5), including denoising, tidal correction, and drift compensation, to ultimately construct a high-resolution three-dimensional seabed topography model, and extract key parameters such as fore-arc slope and dive angle to provide support for subsequent analysis. 2.2) High-precision ocean gravimeters (1.3) are responsible for measuring gravity anomalies in the trench area to obtain information on the crustal structure; During the ocean gravity data collection process, the system first performs dynamic corrections through the inertial navigation system (1.4) to eliminate interference factors such as ocean currents and buoy movement to ensure measurement accuracy; The data is pre-processed by the data acquisition and transmission control unit (1.5) and provided with precise positioning data by the GPS receiver (1.6), so that the gravity measurement matches the spatial coordinates. Based on the measured gravity anomaly data, the Bouguer gravity anomaly correction formula is used for processing: （1）； in: g ob To observe gravity, ∆ g fa is the free air correction, ∆ g Bouguer Corrected for Bouguer; After obtaining the Bouguer gravity anomaly, the semi-infinite medium model is used to estimate the forearc crust thickness D. The gravity anomaly and crust thickness satisfy the linear relationship, and the formula is: （2）； in: G is the gravitational constant, ∆ ρ is the density difference between the forearc crust and the underlying mantle; After data preprocessing, correction and inversion calculation, the system can obtain the forearc crust thickness, providing key parameter support for subsequent subduction erosion rate calculation and geological structure analysis; Step 3: Data transmission, storage and accuracy evaluation.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Step 3: Data transmission, storage and accuracy evaluation is as follows: 3.1) During system operation, the collected multi-beam bathymetric data and ocean gravity data are first pre-processed and stored in real time by the data acquisition and transmission control unit (1.5), ensuring that the data is simultaneously stored in the main and secondary control cabins of the buoy. After preliminary processing, the data is transmitted in real time via the satellite communication antenna (1.10), and ultimately the high-precision data is transmitted to the land monitoring center to support subsequent data analysis and disaster warning. The system uses the positioning and attitude information provided by the GPS receiver (1.6) and the inertial navigation system (1.4) to synchronize the time and space coordinates of the data to ensure the continuity and accuracy of the transmitted data. 3.2) The system uses root mean square error R Quantitatively analyze the measurement accuracy after sensor fusion, the calculation formula is: （3）； Where: R is the root mean square error, X i is the 𝑖th measurement value, X r is the reference value, N is the number of measurements; Step 4: Data analysis, erosion rate calculation and disaster warning.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The aforementioned step 4: data analysis, erosion rate calculation and disaster warning is as follows: 4.1) Use the fused multi-beam bathymetric data to construct a high-resolution 3D seabed topography model and extract key parameters from it. The landward migration distance of the trench within the circular survey area centered on the anchor point is A , forearc slope θ and the dip angle of the subducting plate φ At the same time, the thickness of the forearc crust is obtained by inverting gravity data D , providing accurate data support for subsequent erosion rate calculations; 4.2) Based on the extracted parameters, the system calculates the subduction erosion rate using the following formula E : （4）； in, E represents the long-term subduction erosion rate, A represents the landward migration distance of the trench, D represents the thickness of the forearc crust, θ represents the fore-arc slope, φ represents the dip angle of the subducting plate, t Indicates the time interval for recording observations; 4.3) Based on subduction erosion rate E , a comprehensive disaster warning model was constructed systematically: first, the critical erosion rate threshold was set based on historical data and regional geological characteristics E c ;when E When this threshold is exceeded, it indicates that an abnormally accelerated erosion process has occurred at the front edge of the trench, which indicates that the risk of submarine landslides and earthquake geological disasters has increased significantly. To ensure the accuracy of the early warning, the model comprehensively considers gravity anomalies, environmental parameters including wind speed, ocean currents, and meteorological information, and time-series change trends, and monitors and compares key indicators in real time. Once a continuous increase in the erosion rate or a sudden change in the short term is detected, the system will automatically trigger an early warning and record detailed data for further analysis by experts.

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