Land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation method, evaluation model, system and readable storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of land utilization change evaluation, in particular to a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation method, evaluation model and system and a readable storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: calculating a carbon absorption amount of a to-be-evaluated region from a natural vegetation dimension, a crop dimension and a water area dimension; calculating the carbon emission of the to-be-evaluated area from the energy consumption dimension, the industrial production process dimension, the waste treatment dimension, the agricultural dimension, the respiration dimension and the water area carbon volatilization dimension; calculating the carbon emission intensity, the carbon emission pressure index change intensity and the carbon footprint of the to-be-evaluated area based on the carbon absorption amount and / or the carbon emission amount; and according to the carbon emission intensity, the carbon emission pressure index and the carbon footprint, determining a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation result of the to-be-evaluated region. The objective of the invention is to solve the problem of how to accurately evaluate the carbon emission effect of an area with obvious vertical zone and altitude gradient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of land use change assessment, and in particular to a method, an assessment model, a system and a readable storage medium for assessing the carbon emission effects of land gradient utilization. Background Art

[0002] Land use is the way humans utilize the natural properties of land and is the most direct manifestation of the interaction between humans and nature. As a reflection of the surface's highs and lows, topography drives resource distribution and human activities through its influence on the migration of surface materials and energy conversion, ultimately shaping the spatial pattern of land. Clarifying the role of topography in land use and development is the foundation and prerequisite for analyzing the carbon emission effects of land use gradients and their regulation.

[0003] Currently, the most common method for calculating carbon emission effects is to multiply the land area of each type of land by the corresponding carbon emission coefficient. This method, when applied to regions with significant vertical zonality and elevation gradients, such as eastern and central Yunnan, where multiple land use types—cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water bodies, and urban land—are significantly affected by altitude, fails to consider the spatial distribution and spatial variation of different land use types within these regions, given their vertical differentiation and gradient stratification. This can lead to inaccurate carbon emission effect assessments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a method for evaluating the carbon emission effects of land gradient utilization, aiming to solve the problem of how to accurately evaluate the carbon emission effects of areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradients.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a method for evaluating the carbon emission effects of land gradient utilization, which includes:

[0006] Calculate the carbon absorption of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water bodies; and calculate the carbon emissions of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production processes, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and carbon volatilization from water bodies;

[0007] Calculating the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity, and carbon footprint of the area to be assessed based on the carbon absorption and / or carbon emissions;

[0008] According to the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index and carbon footprint, the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment result of the area to be assessed is determined.

[0009] Optionally, the step of calculating the carbon absorption amount of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water areas includes:

[0010] (1.1) Natural vegetation dimension

[0011] Obtaining the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the area to be assessed and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation;

[0012] Calculate the carbon absorption capacity of natural vegetation based on the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0013] The sum of the carbon absorption amounts of the natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation is used as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the natural vegetation dimension;

[0014] (1.2) Crop Dimension

[0015] Obtaining the biomass yield of target type crops in the area to be assessed, the carbon absorption rate per unit organic matter of the target type crops, and the water content of the target type crops;

[0016] Calculating the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crop according to the biomass yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0017] The sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crop is used as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the crop dimension;

[0018] (1.3) Water Dimension

[0019] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water, water area, dry and wet carbon absorption per unit area of water, and the total area of the area to be assessed;

[0020] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of the water area based on the carbon absorption rate per unit area of the water area, the area of the water area, the dry and wet deposition carbon absorption amount per unit area of the water area, and the total area of the area to be assessed;

[0021] The water area carbon absorption amount is taken as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the water area dimension.

[0022] Optionally, the step of calculating the carbon emissions of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste disposal, agriculture, respiration, and water carbon volatilization specifically includes:

[0023] (1.4) Energy consumption dimension

[0024] Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the area to be assessed, and calculate the energy consumption carbon emissions based on the consumption, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient and the methane emission coefficient; and obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the area to be assessed, and calculate the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, the carbon dioxide emission factor and the methane emission factor; determine the carbon emissions calculated from the energy consumption dimension based on the sum of the energy consumption carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of energy and the sum of the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of biomass fuel;

[0025] (1.5) Industrial production process dimension

[0026] Obtaining the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of target type industrial products in the area to be assessed;

[0027] Calculating the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type of industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0028] The sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product is used as the carbon emissions calculated from the industrial production process dimension;

[0029] (1.6) Waste disposal dimension

[0030] Obtaining the amount of garbage generated in the current year, the landfill treatment rate in the current year, the methane recovery amount in the current year, the oxidation factor, and the methane production potential coefficient of the target type of domestic garbage landfill in the area to be assessed; and calculating the methane emissions of the target type of domestic garbage landfill based on the amount of garbage generated in the current year, the landfill treatment rate in the current year, the methane recovery amount in the current year, the oxidation factor, and the methane production potential coefficient; and

[0031] Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the area to be assessed in that year; and calculate the amount of carbon dioxide generated by the incineration of domestic waste in the area to be assessed based on the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and

[0032] Obtaining the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage of the area to be assessed, and calculating the total amount of methane generated by the domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and

[0033] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and calculate the carbon emissions generated by industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0034] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the waste treatment dimension based on the sum of the methane emissions from each target type of domestic waste landfill, the carbon dioxide production from the incineration of domestic waste, the total methane produced by the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions from the industrial wastewater treatment of each target industrial sector;

[0035] (1.7) Agricultural dimension

[0036] Obtaining the input amount and carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials of the target type in the area to be assessed, and calculating the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the agricultural production materials of the target type based on the input amount and the carbon emission factor of the agricultural production materials; and

[0037] Obtaining the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the area to be assessed, and calculating the methane emission of the target type of rice based on the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and

[0038] Obtaining the number of target animals in the area to be assessed, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor from manure management, and calculating the carbon emissions from animal enteric fermentation and manure management of the target animals based on the number, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor from manure management;

[0039] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the agricultural dimension based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management of each target type of animals;

[0040] (1.8) Respiration Dimension

[0041] Obtaining the population size and human respiratory carbon emission factor in the area to be assessed, as well as the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiratory carbon emission factor, and calculating the human and livestock respiratory carbon emissions in the area to be assessed based on the population size, the human respiratory carbon emission factor, the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiratory carbon emission factor;

[0042] Obtaining the land area, plant autotrophic respiration per unit area, and heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the target type of vegetation in the area to be assessed, and calculating the plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the target type of vegetation based on the land area, the plant autotrophic respiration per unit area, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0043] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the respiration dimension based on the carbon emissions from human and animal respiration, and the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each target type of vegetation;

[0044] (1.9) Carbon Volatilization Dimensions in Waters

[0045] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be assessed, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, calculate the carbon volatilization amount of the water area based on the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and use the carbon volatilization amount of the water area as the carbon emissions calculated from the carbon volatilization dimension of the water area.

[0046] Optionally, the step of calculating the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity and carbon footprint of the area to be assessed based on the carbon absorption and / or carbon emission includes:

[0047] Determine the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and land area of the target land use type, and subtract the ratio between the carbon emissions and land area of each target land use type from the ratio between the carbon absorption and land area of each target land use type, and use the difference as the carbon emission intensity;

[0048] The ratio between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount is used as the carbon emission pressure index, and the carbon footprint pressure index difference between the final period and the initial period of the area to be assessed within the preset historical period is determined. The ratio between the carbon footprint pressure index difference and the carbon footprint pressure index of the initial period is used as the intensity of change in the carbon emission pressure index of the area to be assessed within the preset historical period.

[0049] Obtain the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the area to be assessed, and determine the carbon footprint based on the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land. The carbon footprint includes carbon emission footprint, carbon ecological carrying capacity, and carbon ecological surplus / carbon ecological deficit.

[0050] Optionally, the calculation expression of the carbon footprint is:

[0051]

[0052] CED=CFT-CES

[0053] In the formula, CFT is the carbon footprint of carbon emissions, CES is the carbon ecological carrying capacity, CED is the carbon ecological surplus / carbon ecological deficit, CE is the carbon emissions, CS is the carbon absorption, P c 、P f 、P g and P u are the carbon absorption rates of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban greening; NEP c 、NEP f 、NEP g and NEP u They are the net ecosystem production of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban greening respectively.

[0054] Optionally, the calculation expression of the net ecosystem production is:

[0055]

[0056] Where NEP is the net ecosystem production, c, f, g and u represent cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban greening respectively, CSR i is the carbon absorption rate of organic matter per unit of the i-th crop, YE i is the economic output of the i-th crop, H i is the economic coefficient of the i-th crop, S k is the area of the target type of land.

[0057] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, the present application also provides a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation model, the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation model includes:

[0058] A carbon absorption calculation module is used to calculate the carbon absorption of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water bodies; and to calculate the carbon emissions of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production processes, waste disposal, agriculture, respiration, and carbon volatilization from water bodies;

[0059] a carbon emission effect analysis module, configured to calculate the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity, and carbon footprint of the area to be assessed based on the carbon absorption and / or carbon emissions;

[0060] The carbon emission effect assessment module is used to determine the carbon emission effect assessment result of the land gradient utilization in the area to be assessed based on the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index and carbon footprint.

[0061] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application also provides a computer system, which includes: a memory, a processor, and a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program stored on the memory and runnable on the processor. When the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program is executed by the processor, the steps of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment method as described in any one of the above items are implemented.

[0062] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation program is stored. When the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation program is executed by a processor, the steps of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation method as described in any of the above items are implemented.

[0063] This application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0064] 1. By calculating the carbon absorption in the assessed area from three dimensions: natural vegetation, crops, and water; and calculating the carbon emissions from the assessed area from six dimensions: energy consumption, industrial production processes, waste disposal, agriculture, respiration, and carbon volatilization from water, a carbon absorption calculation model was constructed that is more suitable for areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradients;

[0065] 2. Based on the calculation amount of the carbon emission calculation model, the three dimensions of carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity and carbon footprint are analyzed to achieve a comprehensive carbon emission effect analysis for areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradients. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the first embodiment of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment method of the present application;

[0067] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon emission pressure index of land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration involved in the embodiments of the present application;

[0068] Figure 3 A line graph showing the carbon footprint change trend of land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration involved in the embodiments of the present application;

[0069] Figure 4 This is a carbon footprint diagram of land gradient utilization in the counties of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0070] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon ecological carrying capacity of land gradient utilization in the counties of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0071] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model involved in an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the hardware operating environment of the computer system involved in the embodiments of the present application.

[0073] The realization of the objectives, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] To better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0075] First embodiment

[0076] Reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment method includes the following steps:

[0077] Step S10: Calculate the carbon absorption of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water bodies; and calculate the carbon emissions of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production processes, waste disposal, agriculture, respiration, and carbon volatilization from water bodies;

[0078] In the carbon emission model constructed in this embodiment, carbon absorption is calculated from three dimensions: natural vegetation dimension, crop dimension, and water dimension. The calculated carbon absorption is the carbon absorption of the terrestrial ecosystem in the area to be evaluated.

[0079] As for the natural vegetation dimension, photosynthesis of natural vegetation is the process by which organisms use light energy to fix carbon. When evaluating the carbon sink of terrestrial vegetation, the amount of CO2 absorbed by vegetation per unit time, namely GPP, is usually used to represent it.

[0080] As for crops, during their growing period, crops capture CO2 from the air through photosynthesis, synthesize carbohydrates and release oxygen for their own growth and development. Calculating carbon absorption using crop yield is a mature and feasible method.

[0081] In terms of the water dimension, carbon absorption in water is an indispensable part of the natural carbon cycle. It mainly dissolves CO2 into water through two methods: water carbon sequestration and dry and wet deposition, thus playing an important role in maintaining ecological balance.

[0082] In this embodiment, the carbon emissions in the carbon emission absorption model are calculated from six dimensions: energy consumption, industrial production process, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and water carbon volatilization. The calculated carbon emissions are the carbon emissions generated by land gradient utilization in the area to be evaluated.

[0083] Regarding the energy consumption dimension, it primarily includes carbon emissions from energy consumption and biomass fuels. Energy consumption is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, with traditional energy consumption, represented by fossil fuels, being the primary source of carbon emissions. In some specific implementations, 20 energy types, including raw coal, washed coal, coke, gasoline, coal, oil, and natural gas, are primarily accounted for. Biomass fuels are widely available, have high calorific value, low density, and are easily combustible, making them the primary energy source for rural residents in their daily lives.

[0084] In terms of the industrial production process dimension, industrial production carbon emissions are an important emission source carried by construction land, including CO2 generated by industrial production processes and product use, as well as CO2 generated by non-energy use of fossil energy carbon.

[0085] It should be noted that since carbon emissions from energy consumption have been calculated separately in the energy consumption dimension, only carbon emissions caused by industrial production processes are considered.

[0086] Regarding waste disposal, greenhouse gases released during the process can negatively impact the environment and exacerbate global warming. Due to the complex nature of waste disposal and the difficulty in obtaining data, rural household waste is often discarded without treatment.

[0087] Optionally, in some specific embodiments, referring to the calculation suggestions proposed in the "Guidelines for the Compilation of Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Trial)", the CH4 and CO2 generated by the treatment of urban domestic waste, domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are selected for accounting, and the carbon emissions from rural domestic waste are not considered.

[0088] In the agricultural dimension, agricultural carbon emissions come from carbon emissions caused by agricultural activities, including agricultural production carbon emissions, CH4 release from rice fields, animal intestinal fermentation and manure management.

[0089] Alternatively, considering that the degree of agricultural mechanization in vertical gradient areas is not high and large-scale agriculture is not yet mature, statistics on farmland irrigation, plowing, and the use of agricultural machinery and equipment are incomplete. Therefore, agricultural production carbon emissions are calculated from the input and use of production materials such as pesticides, fertilizers, and agricultural films.

[0090] As for the respiration dimension, carbon emissions generated by respiration are a component of carbon emissions from land gradient utilization and have a significant impact on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems.

[0091] Alternatively, the carbon emissions from land use gradient in the area to be assessed can be calculated from aspects such as human and animal respiration, vegetation autotrophic respiration, and soil heterotrophic respiration.

[0092] For the dimension of water carbon volatilization, water carbon volatilization is a natural carbon release process. Optionally, water carbon volatilization can cover river carbon volatilization and lake carbon volatilization.

[0093] Step S20, calculating the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity and carbon footprint of the area to be assessed based on the carbon absorption and / or carbon emission;

[0094] In this embodiment, after the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount are calculated by the above-mentioned carbon absorption model, the carbon emission effect analysis is performed from three dimensions: carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity, and carbon footprint.

[0095] Carbon emission intensity is an important indicator for measuring energy utilization quality and carbon emission efficiency. It is typically expressed as the carbon emissions per unit of GDP, or the ratio of carbon emissions to gross domestic product. To quantitatively analyze the carbon emission effects of land use gradient changes, this study measured carbon emissions per unit area for different land use types based on the vertical zonation characteristics of mountainous regions. This approach measures the carbon emission density of land use gradients and reflects the impact of land use gradients on regional carbon processes.

[0096] Optionally, the step of calculating the carbon emission intensity may be: determining the carbon emission and land area of the target land use type, and calculating the ratio between the carbon emission and land area of each target land use type.

[0097] For example, the calculation formula for carbon emission intensity is as follows:

[0098]

[0099] Where CI is the carbon emission intensity of land use gradient, CE is ij is the carbon emission of the jth i-th land use type, A ij is the area of the i-th land use type in the j-th research unit, CS ij is the carbon absorption of the j-th i-th land use type.

[0100] The intensity of the carbon pressure index reflects the strength of regional changes over time. As the time series evolves, the carbon pressure index is affected to varying degrees by land use gradients. The different carbon pressure indices across different time sections indicate that the intensity of surface human activity has varying impacts on the carbon cycle in regional terrestrial ecosystems.

[0101] The carbon pressure index is an important indicator for measuring regional carbon pressure. It reflects the impact of human activities on the regional ecological environment based on the ratio of regional carbon emissions to carbon absorption. Carbon pressure index analysis can reflect the external impact of regional CO2 emissions on the growth and reproduction of individual organisms or populations within terrestrial ecosystems. In this example, the carbon pressure index is used to explore the carbon pressure of land gradient utilization, revealing the impact and pressure of human activities on land resources and the ecological environment.

[0102] Optionally, the steps for calculating the intensity of change in the carbon emission pressure index may be: taking the ratio between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount as the carbon emission pressure index, determining the carbon footprint pressure index difference between the final section and the initial section of the area to be evaluated within a preset historical period, and taking the ratio between the carbon footprint pressure index difference and the carbon footprint pressure index of the initial section as the intensity of change in the carbon emission pressure index of the area to be evaluated within the preset historical period.

[0103] For example, the calculation expression of the carbon emission pressure index is:

[0104] CFI=CE / CS

[0105] Where CFI is the carbon emission pressure index of land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, CE is the carbon emission of the area to be assessed, and CS is the carbon absorption of the area to be assessed.

[0106] When the carbon emission pressure index is less than 1, it indicates that the carbon emission of land gradient utilization in the assessed area is less than carbon absorption, and the ecosystem is in a carbon balance state; when it is greater than 1, it indicates that carbon emission is greater than carbon absorption, and the ecosystem carbon cycle pressure is high.

[0107] The carbon emission pressure index change intensity is calculated as follows:

[0108]

[0109] Where, δ t is the carbon footprint pressure index change intensity of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration within time t, CFI0 is the initial carbon footprint pressure index, CFI t It is the final carbon footprint pressure index.

[0110] A carbon footprint (also known as a carbon ecological footprint) is a measure of the direct or indirect CO2 emissions caused by an activity (or accumulated over the life cycle of a product). The carbon footprint can be considered the area of biologically productive land (plants) required to absorb human-generated CO2, thereby measuring a region's carbon ecological carrying capacity and the impact of human economic activities on the natural world.

[0111] Optionally, the net accumulation of carbon retained in living plants, i.e., net ecosystem production (NEP), is used to calculate the biologically productive land area required to absorb carbon emissions, i.e., the carbon footprint. Specifically, the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the area to be assessed are obtained. Based on the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land, the carbon footprint is determined. The carbon footprint includes a carbon emissions footprint, a carbon ecological carrying capacity, and a carbon ecological surplus / carbon ecological deficit.

[0112] For example, the carbon footprint calculation formula is as follows:

[0113]

[0114] CED=CFT-CES

[0115] In the equation, CFT is the carbon footprint of carbon emissions, CES is the carbon ecological carrying capacity, CED is the carbon ecological surplus / carbon ecological deficit, CE is the carbon emissions, CS is the carbon absorption, and P is the carbon footprint of carbon emissions. c 、P f 、P g and P u are the carbon absorption rates of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban greening; NEP c 、NEP f 、NEP g and NEP u are the net ecosystem production of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban greening respectively;

[0116] Further and optionally, the calculation expression of the net ecosystem production is:

[0117]

[0118] Where NEP is the net ecosystem production, c, f, g and u represent cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban greening respectively, CSR i is the carbon absorption rate of organic matter per unit of the i-th crop, YE i is the economic output of the i-th crop, H i is the economic coefficient of the i-th crop, S k is the area of target type land k.

[0119] Step S30: determining the carbon emission effect assessment result of the land gradient utilization in the area to be assessed based on the carbon emission intensity, the intensity of change of the carbon emission pressure index and the carbon footprint.

[0120] After calculating the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity and carbon footprint, the land gradient of the area to be evaluated is analyzed based on the three to evaluate the carbon emission effect.

[0121] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the carbon absorption amount in the area to be evaluated is calculated from three dimensions: natural vegetation dimension, crop dimension and water dimension; and the carbon emission amount of the area to be evaluated is calculated from six dimensions: energy consumption dimension, industrial production process dimension, waste treatment dimension, agriculture dimension, respiration dimension and water carbon volatilization dimension, so as to construct a carbon emission calculation model that is more in line with the areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradients; based on the calculation amount of the carbon emission calculation model, the three dimensions of carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity and carbon footprint are analyzed to achieve a comprehensive carbon emission effect analysis of areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradients.

[0122] Second embodiment

[0123] Based on the first embodiment, in this embodiment, how to calculate carbon absorption from three dimensions: natural vegetation dimension, crop dimension, and water dimension, this embodiment provides calculation methods for the above three dimensions:

[0124] (1.1) Natural vegetation dimension

[0125] Obtaining the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the area to be assessed and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation;

[0126] Calculate the carbon absorption capacity of natural vegetation based on the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0127] The sum of the carbon absorption amounts of the natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation is used as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the natural vegetation dimension;

[0128] For example, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0129]

[0130] Where, CS vegetation is the carbon absorption of natural vegetation, GPP i is the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area of target vegetation type i, A i The land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation.

[0131] Furthermore, GPP i The value of can be referred to as shown in Table 1 below:

[0132] Table 1. Carbon absorption parameters of natural vegetation

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] (1.2) Crop Dimension

[0136] Obtaining the biomass yield of target type crops in the area to be assessed, the carbon absorption rate per unit organic matter of the target type crops, and the water content of the target type crops;

[0137] Calculating the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crop according to the biomass yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0138] The sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crop is used as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the crop dimension;

[0139] For example, the calculation formula for crop carbon absorption is as follows:

[0140]

[0141] Where, CS crops is the carbon absorption of crops; Y i is the biological yield of target crop i, which is mainly composed of the economic yield of the corresponding crop (YE i ) divided by its economic coefficient (H i ) obtain; CSR i is the carbon absorption rate of target crop i per unit organic matter; P i is the moisture content of target type crop i.

[0142] Furthermore, the crop carbon absorption parameters are shown in Table 2 below:

[0143] Table 2. Crop carbon absorption parameters

[0144]

[0145] (1.3) Water Dimension

[0146] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water, water area, dry and wet carbon absorption per unit area of water, and the total area of the study area;

[0147] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of the water area based on the carbon absorption rate per unit area of the water area, the area of the water area, the dry and wet deposition carbon absorption amount per unit area of the water area, and the total area of the study area;

[0148] The water area carbon absorption amount is taken as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the water area dimension.

[0149] For example, the calculation expression of carbon absorption in water bodies is as follows:

[0150]

[0151] Where, CS water is the carbon absorption of water bodies; WSR is the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water bodies; A water is the water area; WDD is the dry and wet deposition carbon absorption per unit area of water; A is the total area of the area to be assessed.

[0152] Furthermore, the carbon absorption and emission parameters of water bodies are shown in Table 4 below:

[0153] Table 4. Parameters of carbon uptake and emission in water bodies

[0154]

[0155] Third embodiment

[0156] Based on any of the embodiments, in this embodiment, how to calculate carbon emissions from six dimensions, namely, energy consumption, industrial production process, waste disposal, agriculture, respiration, and water carbon volatilization, is provided in this embodiment. Calculation methods for the above six dimensions are as follows:

[0157] (1.4) Energy consumption dimension

[0158] Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the area to be assessed, and calculate the energy consumption carbon emissions based on the consumption, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient and the methane emission coefficient; and obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the area to be assessed, and calculate the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, the carbon dioxide emission factor and the methane emission factor; determine the carbon emissions calculated from the energy consumption dimension based on the sum of the energy consumption carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of energy and the sum of the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of biomass fuel;

[0159] In this embodiment, the energy consumption dimension is calculated from two sub-dimensions: carbon emissions from energy consumption and carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion.

[0160] For example, the calculation expression of energy consumption carbon emissions is as follows:

[0161]

[0162] Where, CE energy E is the carbon emission from energy consumption; i is the consumption of target type energy i; NCV i is the net calorific value (also called average lower calorific value) of target energy type i; EM iis the CO2 emission coefficient of target type energy i, which can be calculated by multiplying the carbon content per unit calorific value and the carbon oxidation rate; CF i is the CH4 emission coefficient of target type energy i.

[0163] Furthermore, the carbon emission parameter values of each energy type can be referred to in Table 5 below:

[0164] Table 5. Carbon emission parameters of each energy type

[0165]

[0166] For example, the calculation expression of carbon emissions from biomass fuel combustion is as follows:

[0167]

[0168] Where, CE biomass E is the carbon emission from burning biomass fuel; i is the fuel consumption of target type biomass fuel i, including straw (rice, wheat, corn, rapeseed, soybean and cotton) and firewood consumption; EM i and CF i They are the CO2 and CH4 emission factors of the target type of biomass fuel, respectively. The specific values are shown in Table 5.

[0169] Furthermore, the calculation formula for straw consumption when burned directly and in the open air is as follows:

[0170]

[0171] Where, E is the straw burning consumption, P k is the yield of the kth crop, N k is the grass-to-grain ratio of the kth crop, R is the straw burning ratio, and η is the burning rate. The specific parameters are shown in Table 6:

[0172] Table 6. Straw consumption parameters

[0173]

[0174] (1.5) Industrial production process dimension

[0175] Obtaining the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of target type industrial products in the area to be assessed;

[0176] Calculating the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type of industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0177] The sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product is used as the carbon emissions calculated from the industrial production process dimension;

[0178] For example, the calculation formula for industrial production carbon emissions is as follows:

[0179]

[0180] Where, CE manu is the sum of industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product; Q i is the production volume of target type industrial product i; EF i is the CO2 emission factor of target type industrial product i;

[0181] Furthermore, the values of carbon emission factors for industrial production processes can be found in Table 7:

[0182] Table 7. Carbon emission factors of industrial production processes

[0183]

[0184] (1.6) Waste disposal dimension

[0185] Obtaining the amount of garbage generated in the current year, the landfill treatment rate in the current year, the methane recovery amount in the current year, the oxidation factor, and the methane production potential coefficient of the target type of domestic garbage landfill in the area to be assessed; and calculating the methane emissions of the target type of domestic garbage landfill based on the amount of garbage generated in the current year, the landfill treatment rate in the current year, the methane recovery amount in the current year, the oxidation factor, and the methane production potential coefficient; and

[0186] Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the area to be assessed in that year; and calculate the amount of carbon dioxide generated by the incineration of domestic waste in the area to be assessed based on the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and

[0187] Obtaining the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage of the area to be assessed, and calculating the total amount of methane generated by the domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and

[0188] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and calculate the carbon emissions generated by industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0189] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the waste treatment dimension based on the sum of the methane emissions from each target type of domestic waste landfill, the carbon dioxide production from the incineration of domestic waste, the total methane produced by the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions from the industrial wastewater treatment of each target industrial sector;

[0190] In this embodiment, the carbon emissions from waste treatment include the methane and / or carbon dioxide generated from the treatment of urban domestic waste, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater.

[0191] For example, the calculation formula for carbon emissions from urban domestic waste landfill is as follows:

[0192]

[0193] P0=LCF×DOC×DOC f ×L×16 / 12

[0194] Where, W is the CH4 emission from urban domestic waste landfill; p is the amount of garbage generated in the area that year; W d is the landfill treatment rate; P0 is the CH4 generation potential of different types of domestic waste landfills (10 4 tCH4 / 10 4 t waste). LCF is the CH4 correction factor (ratio) for various types of domestic waste landfills; DOC is degradable organic carbon; DOC f is the decomposition ratio of degradable organic carbon (DOC); L is the proportion of CH4 in the landfill gas; R is the amount of CH4 recovered; OF is the oxidation factor.

[0195] It should be noted that the above-mentioned urban domestic waste landfill carbon emission calculation model is constructed based on the characteristics of domestic waste in Europe and the United States. There will be errors in the assessment of CH4 emissions from landfills in my country, so correction is required. Therefore, in this embodiment, LCF is introduced as the CH4 correction factor for various types of domestic waste landfills.

[0196] Further, the values of each parameter can be found in Table 8 below:

[0197] Table 8. CH4 emission parameters of urban domestic waste landfill

[0198]

[0199] For example, the calculation formula for carbon emissions from urban domestic waste incineration is as follows:

[0200]

[0201] Where, is the carbon emission of urban domestic waste in the area to be assessed in that year; WI is the incineration treatment volume of urban domestic waste; WCP is the carbon content ratio in urban domestic waste; MCP is the proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon content of domestic waste; IE is the combustion efficiency of urban domestic waste; 44 / 12 is the conversion coefficient of carbon to CO2.

[0202] Furthermore, the parameter values in the calculation formula for carbon emissions from urban domestic waste incineration are shown in Table 9 below:

[0203]

[0204] For example, the calculation formula for carbon emissions from domestic sewage treatment is as follows:

[0205]

[0206] Where, is the methane emission of urban domestic waste in the area to be assessed in that year; BOD is the total amount of organic matter in domestic sewage; G is the maximum CH4 production capacity; MCF is the CH4 correction factor; R is the CH4 recovery amount.

[0207] It should be noted that since only chemical oxygen demand (COD) data is counted in China, COD can be converted into BOD during calculation, and the conversion factor is 0.51.

[0208] For example, the carbon emission calculation formula for industrial wastewater treatment is as follows:

[0209]

[0210] Where, is the total amount of CH4 released from industrial wastewater treatment in the area to be assessed; i is the target industrial sector; COD i is the total amount of degradable organic matter in the wastewater of target industry i; D i Organic matter removed in the form of sludge in the target industrial sector i.

[0211] Further, specific values are shown in Table 10.

[0212] Table 10. Carbon emission parameters of wastewater treatment

[0213]

[0214] (1.7) Agricultural dimension

[0215] Obtaining the input amount and carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials of the target type in the area to be assessed, and calculating the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the agricultural production materials of the target type based on the input amount and the carbon emission factor of the agricultural production materials; and

[0216] Obtaining the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the area to be assessed, and calculating the methane emission of the target type of rice based on the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and

[0217] Obtaining the number of target animals in the area to be assessed, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor from manure management, and calculating the carbon emissions from animal enteric fermentation and manure management of the target animals based on the number, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor from manure management;

[0218] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the agricultural dimension based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management of each target type of animals;

[0219] In this embodiment, since the degree of agricultural mechanization is usually not high in areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradient, the accounting is carried out only from the input and use of production materials such as pesticides, fertilizers, and agricultural films, and the statistics of farmland irrigation, plowing, and agricultural machinery and equipment use are not considered.

[0220] For example, the calculation expression of agricultural production carbon emissions is:

[0221]

[0222] Where, CE agriculture Carbon emissions from agricultural production; Q i is the input amount of target type agricultural production materials i; EF i is the carbon emission factor of target type agricultural production materials i.

[0223] Furthermore, the values of the carbon emission factors of agricultural production materials are shown in Table 11 below:

[0224] Table 11. Carbon emission factors of agricultural production materials

[0225]

[0226] For example, the calculation expression of the methane emission of the target type of rice is as follows:

[0227]

[0228] Where, CE paddy is the total CH4 emission from paddy fields; m is the rice planting type; A m is the planting area of target type rice m; EF iis the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the target type of rice m.

[0229] Furthermore, the values of rice carbon emission factors are shown in Table 12 below:

[0230]

[0231] For example, the calculation expression of carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management is as follows:

[0232]

[0233] Where, CE animal Carbon emissions from animal enteric fermentation and manure management; N k is the number of target type animal k; EF k1 is the CH4 emission factor corresponding to enteric fermentation of target animal type k, EF k2 The CH4 emission factor corresponding to the manure management of target animal type k;

[0234] Furthermore, the CH4 emission factor corresponding to the manure management of target type animal k can be obtained from the following Table 13:

[0235] Table 13. CH4 emission factors for enteric fermentation and manure management

[0236]

[0237] (1.8) Respiration Dimension

[0238] Obtaining the population size and human respiratory carbon emission factor in the area to be assessed, as well as the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiratory carbon emission factor, and calculating the human and livestock respiratory carbon emissions in the area to be assessed based on the population size, the human respiratory carbon emission factor, the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiratory carbon emission factor;

[0239] Obtaining the land area, plant autotrophic respiration per unit area, and heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the target type of vegetation in the area to be assessed, and calculating the plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the target type of vegetation based on the land area, the plant autotrophic respiration per unit area, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0240] The carbon emissions calculated from the respiration dimension are determined based on the carbon emissions from human and animal respiration, and the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each target type of vegetation.

[0241] In this embodiment, carbon emissions generated by respiration are a component of carbon emissions from land gradient utilization, and have a significant impact on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, in this embodiment, carbon emissions from land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration are calculated from the aspects of human and animal respiration, vegetation autotrophic respiration, and soil heterotrophic respiration.

[0242] For example, the calculation expression of carbon emissions from human and animal respiration is:

[0243]

[0244] Where, CE breathe The carbon emissions from human and animal respiration in the area to be assessed; N h is the population, N ai is the number of target type livestock i; EF h Carbon emission factor for human respiration, EF ai is the carbon emission factor for respiration of target type livestock i.

[0245] Further, the specific values are shown in Table 14 below:

[0246] Table 14. Carbon emission factors from human and animal respiration

[0247]

[0248] (1.9) Carbon Volatilization Dimensions in Waters

[0249] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be assessed, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, calculate the carbon volatilization amount of the water area based on the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and use the carbon volatilization amount of the water area as the carbon emissions calculated from the carbon volatilization dimension of the water area.

[0250] For example, the calculation expression of carbon volatilization in water area is as follows:

[0251]

[0252] Where, CE water A is the carbon volatilization amount in the water area to be assessed; i is the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be assessed; EF is the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes.

[0253] The values of the carbon volatilization factors per unit area of rivers or lakes are shown in Table 4 in the second embodiment.

[0254] Fourth embodiment

[0255] Based on any one of the embodiments, in this embodiment, based on the land gradient utilization carbon emission accounting system including three dimensions of carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index and carbon footprint proposed in the aforementioned embodiment, the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation results in areas with obvious vertical zonality and altitude gradients are analyzed.

[0256] The central Yunnan urban agglomeration in the eastern and central regions of Yunnan Province (100°43′07″–104°82′40″E, 22°99′73″–27°03′19″N) between 2000 and 2020 was used as the assessment area. Based on the land use transition matrix constructed above, the area changes of land use types in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration were analyzed to analyze the land use gradient transition characteristics. In this example, the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is divided into five gradient levels: I (0–0.40), II (0.40–0.53), III (0.53–0.63), IV (0.63–0.74), and V (0.74–1.22).

[0257] (1) Carbon emission intensity of land use gradient

[0258] Based on the correspondence between accounting items and land use types, this study calculated the carbon emission / carbon absorption intensity of different land use types in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration. The results are shown in Table 15:

[0259] Table 15. Carbon emission / absorption intensity of land use gradient in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 (t / km 2 )

[0260]

[0261]

[0262] Note: Positive values represent carbon emission intensity, negative values represent carbon absorption intensity, the same below.

[0263] From 2000 to 2020, the number of land types with carbon source / sink properties in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration remained relatively stable, but the carbon emission intensities of different land types varied significantly (see Table 15). Cultivated land, forest land, and water areas all exhibit carbon sink properties, excluding carbon emissions from their own respiration. The carbon absorption intensity of forest land and water areas has shown a downward trend over the past 20 years, while the carbon absorption intensity of cultivated land has fluctuated and increased, reaching 504.720 t / km in 2020. 2 The carbon emission intensity of land types with carbon source properties, such as grassland, urban land and rural settlements, has continued to increase. The carbon emission intensity of industrial and mining and transportation construction land has fluctuated and decreased, but its emission intensity is still higher than that of other land types, reaching 112,323.183 t / km in 2020. 2This is closely related to the expansion of the transportation network in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration. In comparison, the absolute carbon absorption intensity of carbon sinks is lower than the carbon emission intensity of carbon sources. This also indicates that the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is still in a phase of carbon emission growth and has a long way to go before achieving carbon neutrality.

[0264] Table 16. Carbon emission intensity (t / km) of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration at different gradient levels from 2000 to 2020 2 )

[0265]

[0266] The carbon emission intensity of land use in different gradient levels of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 was significantly different (Table 16). The carbon emission intensity under the gradient level I continued to increase, from 803.554 t / km in 2000 to 2020. 2 Rising to 3475.132t / km in 2020 2 , an increase of approximately 4.3 times, indicating that carbon emissions from land use gradients are closely linked to human activities. Level I, as an area of intensive human activity, has its land use patterns and intensity directly influenced by human activities. Accelerated urbanization and industrialization, increased population density, increased traffic volume, and expanded industrial production all contribute to rising carbon emissions within this gradient.

[0267] Compared with the Level I gradient, the carbon emission intensity of the Level II gradient is lower, but it has still shown an increasing trend in the past 20 years, reaching 945.434t / km in 2020. 2 The increase in carbon emission intensity within this gradient is related to the growth in urban land, industrial and mining land, and transportation construction land. With the accelerated advancement of new urbanization and industrialization in Yunnan, the demand for construction land has increased rapidly. The relatively high development suitability of the Level II gradient has attracted more enterprises, factories, and population, leading to an increase in carbon emission intensity.

[0268] Carbon absorption in gradients III to V is significantly higher than carbon emissions, indicating that land in medium and high gradients has a significant carbon sink effect. From 2000 to 2020, the carbon absorption intensity of the three gradients showed different trends. In 2000, the carbon absorption intensity of gradient III was the highest, which was related to the good vegetation cover and more rational land use patterns in the region. In contrast, the carbon absorption intensity of gradients IV and V was relatively low, especially in gradient V, primarily due to the lack of ecological land management in these gradients, which led to a homogenous forest structure and reduced tree species diversity, thus affecting their carbon absorption capacity. In 2020, the carbon absorption intensity of gradients IV and V increased significantly, indicating that the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems in these gradients has improved over the past 20 years. Increased regional vegetation cover, the implementation of ecological protection policies, and the optimization of land use structure are all important ways to enhance carbon sink capacity. In contrast, the carbon absorption intensity of gradient III decreased the most, which indirectly indicates that the accelerated development of "mountain towns" has led to increased human activity and weakened the carbon sequestration capacity of ecological land types in this gradient.

[0269] (2) Carbon emission pressure from land gradient utilization

[0270] For the ecosystem, carbon emissions, as an external disturbance, will affect its balance and stability. In order to deeply analyze the environmental pressure brought by carbon emissions from land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, this example calculates the carbon emission pressure of land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 based on the carbon emission pressure index (refer to Figure 2 During the study period, the carbon emission pressure index for land use gradients in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration continued to rise, reaching values greater than 1. This reflects the increasing carbon emissions and lagging carbon absorption capacity in the study area, leading to a gradual increase in the pressure index. This has led to increasing pressure on the carbon cycle in the entire regional ecosystem, resulting in a long-term imbalance. Furthermore, carbon emission pressure varies across the five gradient levels. Level I gradients exhibit a high degree of disharmony between carbon emissions and carbon absorption, resulting in a severe imbalance in the regional ecosystem's carbon balance. Notably, this imbalance not only failed to ease but actually worsened during the study period. Level II gradients also exhibited a trend of increasing carbon emission pressure. Although the carbon emission pressure index was slightly below the average level for the central Yunnan urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2010, it has exceeded the average since 2015, accelerating the deterioration of the regional ecosystem's carbon balance. In contrast, the carbon emission pressure index for levels III through V gradients remained below 1, indicating that carbon emissions were effectively controlled at the mid- to high-level gradients during the study period, with carbon emissions less than carbon absorption, and the regional ecosystem was in carbon balance.

[0271] Table 17. Change intensity of carbon emission pressure index of land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration (%)

[0272]

[0273] As shown in Table 17, the intensity of the carbon emission pressure index along the land use gradient in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration exhibits a U-shaped trend, initially decreasing and then increasing. The intensity of the carbon emission pressure index was highest from 2000 to 2005, reaching 73.150%, indicating excessive carbon cycle pressure and increasingly severe ecosystem imbalance in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration during this period. Subsequently, the intensity of the carbon emission pressure index began to decline, reaching a low of 9.279% between 2010 and 2015, indicating a slight easing of carbon emission pressure in the study area during this period. However, the intensity of the pressure index began to increase again from 2015 to 2020, reaching 21.472%, indicating a gradual increase in carbon emission pressure in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration and a significant increase in carbon emissions along the land use gradient. Furthermore, the intensity of the carbon emission pressure index varies significantly across different gradient levels. Level I exhibits the greatest change in the carbon emission intensity pressure index, rapidly declining from 61.829% to a low point before resuming its upward trend, consistent with the overall trend of the carbon emission pressure index in the study area. The carbon emission intensity pressure index for the Level II gradient also exhibits a U-shaped trend, but with relatively small fluctuations. The intensity of the carbon emission pressure index for the Level III and Level IV gradients continues to decline. Carbon emissions in these two gradients are less than their carbon absorption capacity, indicating that regional terrestrial ecosystems have a high carbon absorption potential. The Level V gradient exhibits a more complex, wavy trend.

[0274] (3) Carbon footprint of land gradient utilization

[0275] Carbon footprints measure the impact of human economic and social activities on the natural world. To further analyze the impact of carbon emissions from land use gradients in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration on the natural ecological environment, this example uses carbon footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and ecological deficit calculation models to analyze the spatial evolution of carbon footprints from 2000 to 2020.

[0276] Reference Figure 3 The carbon footprint of land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is shown in the line chart of the changing trend. From 2000 to 2020, the carbon footprint of land gradient utilization in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration showed an increasing trend, from 77698.418 km 2 Jumped to 215716.791km 2 , an increase of 138018.373km in 20 years 2 On the contrary, the carbon ecological carrying capacity showed a slight downward trend, maintaining at 67189.457~68235.872km in the past 20 years. 2, and consistently below the carbon footprint, indicating that the study area is consistently in an ecological deficit. As the carbon footprint continues to rise, the carbon ecological deficit increases, and the carbon cycle pressure on the terrestrial ecosystem of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration continues to intensify. This pressure not only affects the regional ecological balance but also has potential impacts on regional and even global climate change. Furthermore, because the carbon ecological carrying capacity has remained largely unchanged over the past 20 years, the increasing trend of the carbon deficit in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration closely matches the carbon footprint. This indicates that under the current land use gradient and ecological and environmental management strategies, the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration faces an increasingly severe carbon deficit challenge and requires more effective measures to reduce carbon emissions and enhance carbon sequestration capacity to maintain the health and stability of the regional ecosystem. Furthermore, due to differences in land use patterns, intensity, and bio-productive land area within each gradient, the ecological surplus and deficit conditions vary across gradients I to V. Specifically, gradients I and II exhibit an ecological deficit. The carbon footprint of gradient I exceeds the carbon ecological carrying capacity, resulting in the most severe ecological deficit, reaching 109,027.417 km. 2 The second-level gradient is second, with an ecological deficit of 45945.696km. 2 The biologically productive land area under these two gradient levels is not enough to compensate for the carbon emissions caused by the gradient utilization of land. The carbon footprint has increased significantly over the past 20 years, and the carbon ecological deficit has climbed. The carbon footprint and carbon ecological carrying capacity of the gradients III to V are significantly lower than those of the gradients I and II. In 2020, the carbon footprints of the gradients III, IV, and V were 12866.003 km, respectively. 2 、2415.436km 2 and 329.443km 2 , the carbon ecological carrying capacity is 13535.413km 2 、6893.228km 2 and 1628.021km 2 Compared with 2000, the carbon footprint and carbon ecological carrying capacity at the three gradient levels have increased to a certain extent, but the carbon ecological carrying capacity has always been higher than the carbon footprint, showing a carbon ecological surplus, indicating that the carbon emission load at these three gradient levels is lower than the carbon carrying capacity of the ecosystem.

[0277] In addition, in order to further understand the changing characteristics of carbon footprints in different county units, the study used the natural break point method to divide the county carbon footprint, carbon ecological carrying capacity and carbon ecological deficit into five levels: low, lower, medium, higher and high, and analyzed the carbon footprint transition trajectories of 49 counties (cities and districts) in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration.

[0278] Reference Figure 4The schematic diagram of the land use carbon footprint gradient within the counties of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration shows significant variations in carbon footprints between 2000 and 2020, with an overall upward trend. The rate of increase has accelerated significantly since 2015, with an increase in the number of counties with medium- and high-value carbon footprints. Spatially, the carbon footprint of counties in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration exhibited a high-value carbon footprint pattern in the east and low-value carbon footprint in the west during the study period. This pattern is the result of a combination of regional economic development levels, industrial structure, and population distribution. In 2000, county carbon footprints were generally low, with high-value areas concentrated in Wuhua, Panlong, Guandu, and Xishan districts. These four districts, with the highest urbanization levels in the province, have dense populations and frequent economic activities, resulting in high carbon emissions. High-value areas are found in three urban areas: Anning, Qilin, and Hongta. These areas are home to concentrated industrial sectors in Yunnan Province, and industrial production plays a key role in shaping carbon emissions from land use gradients. Counties with medium, low, and low values are the most numerous, showing a concentrated and contiguous distribution. In 2020, county-level carbon footprints generally increased, with a significant increase in the number of counties with medium, high, and high values, and a decrease in the number of counties with low and relatively low values. This reflects the continuous increase in carbon emissions from the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, which has led to a continued increase in the regional carbon footprint and an increase in the number of counties with high values, thus forming a spatial pattern of multi-center clustering. This also reveals that during the economic development of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, carbon emissions from land use gradients between different regions have shown a certain agglomeration effect, exacerbating regional carbon emission inequality and posing a challenge to its sustainable development.

[0279] Reference Figure 5 The diagram shows the carbon ecological carrying capacity of land utilization gradients within the counties of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration. The carbon ecological carrying capacity of the counties within the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration is lower than the average level for the study area, exhibiting a spatially concentrated distribution. Kunming, as the center of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration, is not only a key socioeconomic node but also a center of high carbon ecological carrying capacity. Carbon ecological carrying capacity is higher east of Kunming and lower west of it, demonstrating significant spatial variation in carbon carrying capacity across productive land areas within the study area. In 2000, with the exception of Kunming, the carbon ecological carrying capacity of counties was generally low, with a clear pattern of high in the east and low in the west, reflecting inherent regional differences in ecological carrying capacity. By 2020, the carbon ecological carrying capacity of the study area had significantly increased, as evidenced by a significant increase in the number of counties with low, medium, high, and high values. Among them, four counties including Anning City, Chenggong District, Qilin District and Chuxiong City have been newly promoted to high-value areas of carbon ecological carrying capacity; Wuhua District, Panlong District, Songming County, Hongta District and Mengzi City have also become relatively high-value areas; some counties in Chuxiong Prefecture and Yuxi City are still low-value or relatively low-value areas of carbon ecological carrying capacity, but the number has decreased. The central Yunnan urban agglomeration has achieved positive results in promoting green development, optimizing industrial structure and strengthening ecological protection.

[0280] In addition, refer to Figure 6This embodiment also proposes a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation model, which includes:

[0281] The carbon absorption calculation module 100 is used to calculate the carbon absorption of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water bodies; and to calculate the carbon emissions of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production processes, waste disposal, agriculture, respiration, and carbon volatilization from water bodies;

[0282] A carbon emission effect analysis module 200 is configured to calculate the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity, and carbon footprint of the area to be assessed based on the carbon absorption and / or carbon emission;

[0283] The carbon emission effect assessment module 300 is used to determine the carbon emission effect assessment result of the land gradient utilization in the area to be assessed based on the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index and carbon footprint.

[0284] As an implementation solution, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the hardware operating environment of the computer system involved in the embodiment of the present application.

[0285] like Figure 7 As shown, the computer system may include: a processor 1001, such as a CPU, a memory 1005, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a communication bus 1002. Among them, the communication bus 1002 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen (Display), an input unit such as a keyboard (Keyboard), and the user interface 1003 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed RAM memory or a stable memory (non-volatile memory), such as a disk memory. The memory 1005 may optionally be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.

[0286] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 7 The computer system architecture shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation of the computer system, and may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently.

[0287] like Figure 7As shown, the memory 1005, which is a storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a program for evaluating the carbon emission effects of land gradient utilization. The operating system is a program that manages and controls the hardware and software resources of a computer system, and the program for evaluating the carbon emission effects of land gradient utilization and other software or programs are executed.

[0288] exist Figure 7 In the computer system shown, the user interface 1003 is mainly used to connect to the terminal and communicate data with the terminal; the network interface 1004 is mainly used for the background server and communicates data with the background server; the processor 1001 can be used to call the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program stored in the memory 1005.

[0289] In this embodiment, the computer system includes: a memory 1005, a processor 1001, and a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein:

[0290] When the processor 1001 calls the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0291] Calculate the carbon absorption of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water bodies; and calculate the carbon emissions of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production processes, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and carbon volatilization from water bodies;

[0292] Calculating the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity, and carbon footprint of the area to be assessed based on the carbon absorption and / or carbon emissions;

[0293] According to the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index and carbon footprint, the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment result of the area to be assessed is determined.

[0294] When the processor 1001 calls the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0295] (1.1) Natural vegetation dimension

[0296] Obtaining the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the area to be assessed and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation;

[0297] Calculate the carbon absorption capacity of natural vegetation based on the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area;

[0298] The sum of the carbon absorption amounts of the natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation is used as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the natural vegetation dimension;

[0299] (1.2) Crop Dimension

[0300] Obtaining the biomass yield of target type crops in the area to be assessed, the carbon absorption rate per unit organic matter of the target type crops, and the water content of the target type crops;

[0301] Calculating the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crop according to the biomass yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content;

[0302] The sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crop is used as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the crop dimension;

[0303] (1.3) Water Dimension

[0304] Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water, water area, dry and wet carbon absorption per unit area of water, and the total area of the area to be assessed;

[0305] Calculate the carbon absorption amount of the water area based on the carbon absorption rate per unit area of the water area, the area of the water area, the dry and wet deposition carbon absorption amount per unit area of the water area, and the total area of the area to be assessed;

[0306] The water area carbon absorption amount is taken as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the water area dimension.

[0307] When the processor 1001 calls the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0308] (1.4) Energy consumption dimension

[0309] Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the area to be assessed, and calculate the energy consumption carbon emissions based on the consumption, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient and the methane emission coefficient; and obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the area to be assessed, and calculate the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, the carbon dioxide emission factor and the methane emission factor; determine the carbon emissions calculated from the energy consumption dimension based on the sum of the energy consumption carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of energy and the sum of the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of biomass fuel;

[0310] (1.5) Industrial production process dimension

[0311] Obtaining the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of target type industrial products in the area to be assessed;

[0312] Calculating the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type of industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0313] The sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product is used as the carbon emissions calculated from the industrial production process dimension;

[0314] (1.6) Waste disposal dimension

[0315] Obtaining the amount of garbage generated in the current year, the landfill treatment rate in the current year, the methane recovery amount in the current year, the oxidation factor, and the methane production potential coefficient of the target type of domestic garbage landfill in the area to be assessed; and calculating the methane emissions of the target type of domestic garbage landfill based on the amount of garbage generated in the current year, the landfill treatment rate in the current year, the methane recovery amount in the current year, the oxidation factor, and the methane production potential coefficient; and

[0316] Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the area to be assessed in that year; and calculate the amount of carbon dioxide generated by the incineration of domestic waste in the area to be assessed based on the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and

[0317] Obtaining the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage of the area to be assessed, and calculating the total amount of methane generated by the domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and

[0318] Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and calculate the carbon emissions generated by industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount;

[0319] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the waste treatment dimension based on the sum of the methane emissions from each target type of domestic waste landfill, the carbon dioxide production from the incineration of domestic waste, the total methane produced by the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions from the industrial wastewater treatment of each target industrial sector;

[0320] (1.7) Agricultural dimension

[0321] Obtaining the input amount and carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials of the target type in the area to be assessed, and calculating the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the agricultural production materials of the target type based on the input amount and the carbon emission factor of the agricultural production materials; and

[0322] Obtaining the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the area to be assessed, and calculating the methane emission of the target type of rice based on the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and

[0323] Obtaining the number of target animals in the area to be assessed, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor from manure management, and calculating the carbon emissions from animal enteric fermentation and manure management of the target animals based on the number, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor from manure management;

[0324] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the agricultural dimension based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management of each target type of animals;

[0325] (1.8) Respiration Dimension

[0326] Obtaining the population size and human respiratory carbon emission factor in the area to be assessed, as well as the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiratory carbon emission factor, and calculating the human and livestock respiratory carbon emissions in the area to be assessed based on the population size, the human respiratory carbon emission factor, the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiratory carbon emission factor;

[0327] Obtaining the land area, plant autotrophic respiration per unit area, and heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the target type of vegetation in the area to be assessed, and calculating the plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the target type of vegetation based on the land area, the plant autotrophic respiration per unit area, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions;

[0328] Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the respiration dimension based on the carbon emissions from human and animal respiration, and the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each target type of vegetation;

[0329] (1.9) Carbon Volatilization Dimensions in Waters

[0330] Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be assessed, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, calculate the carbon volatilization amount of the water area based on the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and use the carbon volatilization amount of the water area as the carbon emissions calculated from the carbon volatilization dimension of the water area.

[0331] When the processor 1001 calls the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program stored in the memory 1005, the following operations are performed:

[0332] Determine the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and land area of the target land use type, and subtract the ratio between the carbon emissions and land area of each target land use type from the ratio between the carbon absorption and land area of each target land use type, and use the difference as the carbon emission intensity;

[0333] The ratio between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount is used as the carbon emission pressure index, and the carbon footprint pressure index difference between the final period and the initial period of the area to be assessed within the preset historical period is determined. The ratio between the carbon footprint pressure index difference and the carbon footprint pressure index of the initial period is used as the intensity of change in the carbon emission pressure index of the area to be assessed within the preset historical period.

[0334] Obtain the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the area to be assessed, and determine the carbon footprint based on the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land. The carbon footprint includes carbon emission footprint, carbon ecological carrying capacity, and carbon ecological surplus / carbon ecological deficit.

[0335] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the method of the above-described embodiment can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program includes program instructions, which can be stored in a storage medium that is a computer-readable storage medium. The program instructions are executed by at least one processor in a computer system to implement the steps in the process of the above-described method embodiment.

[0336] Therefore, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation program. When the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation program is executed by a processor, it implements the various steps of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect evaluation method described in the above embodiment.

[0337] The computer-readable storage medium may be any computer-readable storage medium that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0338] It should be noted that since the storage medium provided in the embodiments of this application is the storage medium used to implement the method of the embodiments of this application, based on the method described in the embodiments of this application, those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific structure and deformation of the storage medium, and therefore will not be described in detail here. All storage media used in the method of the embodiments of this application fall within the scope of protection to be provided by this application.

[0339] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0340] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems) and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0341] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0342] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0343] It should be noted that in the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of components or steps not listed in the claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding a component does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such components. The present application may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different components and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third etc. does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0344] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.

[0345] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Calculate the carbon absorption of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water bodies; and calculate the carbon emissions of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production processes, waste treatment, agriculture, respiration, and carbon volatilization from water bodies; Calculating the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity, and carbon footprint of the area to be assessed based on the carbon absorption and / or carbon emissions; According to the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index and carbon footprint, the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment result of the area to be assessed is determined.

2. The method for evaluating the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization according to claim 1, wherein: The step of calculating the carbon absorption amount of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops and water areas includes: (1.1) Natural vegetation dimension Obtaining the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area corresponding to the target type of vegetation in the area to be assessed and the land area corresponding to the target type of vegetation; Calculate the carbon absorption capacity of natural vegetation based on the carbon sequestration capacity per unit area and the land area; The sum of the carbon absorption amounts of the natural vegetation corresponding to each target type of vegetation is used as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the natural vegetation dimension; (1.2) Crop Dimension Obtaining the biomass yield of target type crops in the area to be assessed, the carbon absorption rate per unit organic matter of the target type crops, and the water content of the target type crops; Calculating the photosynthetic carbon absorption of the target type of crop according to the biomass yield, the carbon absorption rate, and the water content; The sum of the photosynthetic carbon absorption amounts corresponding to each target type of crop is used as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the crop dimension; (1.3) Water Dimension Obtain the carbon sequestration rate per unit area of water, water area, dry and wet carbon absorption per unit area of water, and the total area of the area to be assessed; Calculate the carbon absorption amount of the water area based on the carbon absorption rate per unit area of the water area, the area of the water area, the dry and wet deposition carbon absorption amount per unit area of the water area, and the total area of the area to be assessed; The water area carbon absorption amount is taken as the carbon absorption amount calculated from the water area dimension.

3. The method for evaluating the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization according to claim 1, wherein: The step of calculating the carbon emissions of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production process, waste disposal, agriculture, respiration, and water carbon volatilization specifically includes: (1.4) Energy consumption dimension Obtain the consumption, net calorific value, carbon dioxide emission coefficient and methane emission coefficient of the target type of energy in the area to be assessed, and calculate the energy consumption carbon emissions based on the consumption, the net calorific value, the carbon dioxide emission coefficient and the methane emission coefficient; and obtain the consumption, carbon dioxide emission factor and methane emission factor of the target type of biomass fuel in the area to be assessed, and calculate the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions of the target type of biomass fuel based on the consumption, the carbon dioxide emission factor and the methane emission factor; determine the carbon emissions calculated from the energy consumption dimension based on the sum of the energy consumption carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of energy and the sum of the biomass fuel combustion carbon emissions corresponding to each of the target types of biomass fuel; (1.5) Industrial production process dimension Obtaining the production volume and carbon dioxide emission factor of target type industrial products in the area to be assessed; Calculating the industrial production carbon emissions of the target type of industrial product based on the production volume and the carbon dioxide emission factor; The sum of the industrial production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of industrial product is used as the carbon emissions calculated from the industrial production process dimension; (1.6) Waste disposal dimension Obtaining the amount of garbage generated in the current year, the landfill treatment rate in the current year, the methane recovery amount in the current year, the oxidation factor, and the methane production potential coefficient of the target type of domestic garbage landfill in the area to be assessed; and calculating the methane emissions of the target type of domestic garbage landfill based on the amount of garbage generated in the current year, the landfill treatment rate in the current year, the methane recovery amount in the current year, the oxidation factor, and the methane production potential coefficient; and Obtain the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient of the urban domestic waste in the area to be assessed in that year; and calculate the amount of carbon dioxide generated by the incineration of domestic waste in the area to be assessed based on the incineration treatment volume, carbon content ratio, proportion of mineral carbon in the total carbon, waste combustion efficiency, and carbon dioxide conversion coefficient; and Obtaining the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount in the domestic sewage of the area to be assessed, and calculating the total amount of methane generated by the domestic sewage treatment based on the total amount of organic matter, the maximum methane production capacity, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and Obtain the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater of the target industrial sector, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; and calculate the carbon emissions generated by industrial wastewater treatment based on the total amount of organic matter in the degradable wastewater, the total amount of organic matter removed by sludge, the methane correction factor, and the methane recovery amount; Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the waste treatment dimension based on the sum of the methane emissions from each target type of domestic waste landfill, the carbon dioxide production from the incineration of domestic waste, the total methane produced by the domestic sewage treatment, and the sum of the carbon emissions from the industrial wastewater treatment of each target industrial sector; (1.7) Agricultural dimension Obtaining the input amount and carbon emission factor of agricultural production materials of the target type in the area to be assessed, and calculating the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to the agricultural production materials of the target type based on the input amount and the carbon emission factor of the agricultural production materials; and Obtaining the rice planting area and methane emission factor of the target type of rice in the area to be assessed, and calculating the methane emission of the target type of rice based on the rice planting area and the methane emission factor; and Obtaining the number of target animals in the area to be assessed, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor from manure management, and calculating the carbon emissions from animal enteric fermentation and manure management of the target animals based on the number, the methane emission factor from enteric fermentation, and the methane emission factor from manure management; Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the agricultural dimension based on the sum of the agricultural production carbon emissions corresponding to each target type of agricultural production materials, the sum of the methane emissions corresponding to each target type of rice, and the sum of the carbon emissions from animal intestinal fermentation and manure management of each target type of animals; (1.8) Respiration Dimension Obtaining the population size and human respiratory carbon emission factor in the area to be assessed, as well as the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiratory carbon emission factor, and calculating the human and livestock respiratory carbon emissions in the area to be assessed based on the population size, the human respiratory carbon emission factor, the number of livestock of each target type and the livestock respiratory carbon emission factor; Obtaining the land area, plant autotrophic respiration per unit area, and heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the target type of vegetation in the area to be assessed, and calculating the plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions of the target type of vegetation based on the land area, the plant autotrophic respiration per unit area, and the heterotrophic respiration carbon emissions; Determine the carbon emissions calculated from the respiration dimension based on the carbon emissions from human and animal respiration, and the carbon emissions from plant autotrophic respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration corresponding to each target type of vegetation; (1.9) Carbon Volatilization Dimensions in Waters Obtain the area of rivers or lakes in the area to be assessed, and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, calculate the carbon volatilization amount of the water area based on the area of rivers or lakes and the carbon volatilization factor per unit area of rivers or lakes, and use the carbon volatilization amount of the water area as the carbon emissions calculated from the carbon volatilization dimension of the water area.

4. The method for evaluating the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization according to claim 1, wherein: The step of calculating the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity and carbon footprint of the area to be assessed based on the carbon absorption and / or carbon emission includes: Determine the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and land area of the target land use type, and subtract the ratio between the carbon emissions and land area of each target land use type from the ratio between the carbon absorption and land area of each target land use type, and use the difference as the carbon emission intensity; The ratio between the carbon absorption amount and the carbon emission amount is used as the carbon emission pressure index, and the carbon footprint pressure index difference between the final period and the initial period of the area to be assessed within the preset historical period is determined. The ratio between the carbon footprint pressure index difference and the carbon footprint pressure index of the initial period is used as the intensity of change in the carbon emission pressure index of the area to be assessed within the preset historical period. Obtain the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land in the area to be assessed, and determine the carbon footprint based on the carbon emissions, carbon absorption, and the net ecosystem production and carbon absorption ratio of each target type of land. The carbon footprint includes carbon emission footprint, carbon ecological carrying capacity, and carbon ecological surplus / carbon ecological deficit.

5. The method for evaluating the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization according to claim 4, wherein: The calculation expression of the carbon footprint is: CED=CFT-CES In the formula, CFT is the carbon footprint of carbon emissions, CES is the carbon ecological carrying capacity, CED is the carbon ecological surplus / carbon ecological deficit, CE is the carbon emissions, CS is the carbon absorption, P c 、P f 、P g and P u are the carbon absorption rates of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban greening; NEP c 、NEP f 、NEP g and NEP u They are the net ecosystem production of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban greening respectively.

6. The method for evaluating the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: The calculation expression of the net ecosystem production is: Where NEP is the net ecosystem production, c, f, g and u represent cultivated land, forest land, grassland and urban greening respectively, CSR i is the carbon absorption rate of organic matter per unit of the i-th crop, YE i is the economic output of the i-th crop, H i is the economic coefficient of the i-th crop, S k is the area of target type land k.

7. A land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model, characterized in that: The land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment model includes: A carbon absorption calculation module is used to calculate the carbon absorption of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of natural vegetation, crops, and water bodies; and to calculate the carbon emissions of the area to be assessed from the dimensions of energy consumption, industrial production processes, waste disposal, agriculture, respiration, and carbon volatilization from water bodies; a carbon emission effect analysis module, configured to calculate the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index change intensity, and carbon footprint of the area to be assessed based on the carbon absorption and / or carbon emissions; The carbon emission effect assessment module is used to determine the carbon emission effect assessment result of the land gradient utilization in the area to be assessed based on the carbon emission intensity, carbon emission pressure index and carbon footprint.

8. A computer system, characterized in that: The computer system includes: a memory, a processor, and a land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment program is executed by the processor, the steps of the land gradient utilization carbon emission effect assessment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a program for evaluating the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for evaluating the carbon emission effect of land gradient utilization as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images