A comprehensive monitoring system and method for overburden structure migration in a mine

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of mine overburden structure migration comprehensive monitoring system and method, it is related to overburden migration monitoring technical field, comprising: data acquisition module continuously acquires the overburden characteristic parameter of each area, the change of each area overburden characteristic parameter is carried out data processing by identification module, obtains total displacement change and displacement direction angle, identifies the area of highest strain energy density, data processing and analysis module generates deformation index and deformation consistency index, comprehensive analysis module processes each index, generates comprehensive evaluation index, judgment module compares comprehensive evaluation index with preset threshold, to judge the risk level of mine overburden.The present application covers each dimension of overburden deformation comprehensively, solves the one-sidedness of data acquisition;With the help of continuous data acquisition for multiple times, dynamic tracking is realized, and by constructing evaluation index, effectively make up for the lack of data acquisition continuity and comprehensiveness, significantly improve the accuracy of overburden migration risk judgment, realize scientific and comprehensive evaluation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of overburden migration monitoring technology, specifically to a comprehensive monitoring system and method for overburden structure migration in mines. Background Technology

[0002] Overburden (the rock strata above the ore body) in a mine may deform, shift, or collapse during mining operations. These phenomena directly affect the safe operation of the mine. Monitoring the movement of the overburden structure and promptly identifying potential safety hazards can effectively prevent and reduce accidents caused by overburden instability, such as mine collapses and landslides, thus ensuring the safety of miners.

[0003] The prior art, disclosed in CN115964627A, provides a method for monitoring internal strain of overburden migration based on distributed optical fibers. This method includes the following steps: acquiring data from horizontal optical fibers, wherein the horizontal optical fibers are uniformly arranged in the horizontal direction of the test platform at a preset threshold spacing; acquiring data from vertical optical fibers, wherein the vertical optical fibers are uniformly arranged in the vertical direction of the test platform at the same spacing; obtaining the strain distribution of the optical fibers by analyzing the data from the horizontal and vertical optical fibers; and monitoring the internal strain of overburden migration in real time based on the strain distribution of the optical fibers. Therefore, this method, by arranging horizontal and vertical optical fibers in the test platform to form a distributed optical fiber sensing network, enables the monitoring of overburden deformation through the full distribution and continuity of data from both horizontal and vertical optical fibers. This results in more accurate overburden migration characteristics and provides data support for further analysis of overburden fracture and migration characteristics.

[0004] However, the following shortcomings exist. As stated above, on the one hand, data collection is one-sided, focusing only on a single type of strain data, seriously neglecting the important influence of key parameters such as horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, and tilt angle on the deformation state of the overburden. These parameters can reflect the actual deformation of the overburden from different dimensions. For example, horizontal displacement can reflect the horizontal movement trend of the overburden, vertical displacement can reflect the settlement or uplift of the overburden, and tilt angle shows the change in the posture of the overburden. Single strain data cannot comprehensively characterize the deformation state of the overburden in different areas, leading to biases in the assessment of overall safety risks.

[0005] On the other hand, there are shortcomings in the continuity and comprehensiveness of data acquisition. Due to the lack of multi-parameter collaborative monitoring, even if the strain data acquisition has a certain degree of continuity, it is difficult to coherently and completely describe the entire process of overburden deformation. When a local abrupt change occurs in the overburden, a single strain data point cannot be timely and accurately correlated with changes in other factors, making it impossible to form a complete understanding of the evolution of overburden deformation, thus affecting the accurate judgment of overburden migration risk.

[0006] Furthermore, existing technologies lack in-depth analysis of the interrelationships between various parameters in assessing overburden deformation risk, and cannot comprehensively consider the synergistic effects of multiple factors on overburden migration. For example, they do not fully consider the intrinsic relationship between parameters such as strain energy density, displacement change, and displacement direction angle, making it difficult to assess the overall deformation risk and stability of the overburden.

[0007] The information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancing the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore it can encompass...

[0008] This includes information that does not constitute prior art known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a comprehensive monitoring system and method for the migration of overburden structures in mines, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] A comprehensive monitoring system for the migration of overlying rock structures in mines, comprising:

[0012] The data acquisition module is used to divide the overburden area into multiple regions. Using the morphology of the overburden in each region before mining as a benchmark, the module continuously collects the overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after mining. The module then averages the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after mining to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. Based on the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, the module obtains the change in the overburden characteristic parameters.

[0013] The identification module is used to process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle, process the average values ​​of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, calculate the strain energy density of each region, and identify the region with the highest strain energy density.

[0014] The data processing and analysis module is used to process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density, generate the overburden deformation index for assessing the deformation risk of the overburden, process the displacement direction angle of each region, generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle of each region, find the standard deviation of the region with the highest strain energy density based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density, and obtain the deformation consistency index for assessing the consistency of displacement direction and the stability of deformation based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density.

[0015] The comprehensive analysis module is used to process the overburden deformation index and deformation consistency index of the region with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively evaluating the risk of overburden migration.

[0016] The judgment module is used to compare the comprehensive assessment index with the pre-set threshold to determine the level of overburden risk in the mine.

[0017] Furthermore, the characteristic parameters of the overburden include horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, dip angle, stress, and strain;

[0018] The overlying rock was divided into multiple zones of equal area. After mining, the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, tilt angle, stress, and strain of each zone were collected multiple times. The specific process is as follows:

[0019] Define a set Indicates the various regions:

[0020]

[0021] in, For the set of the first Each region For the index of the region, Indicates the number of monitored areas;

[0022] The set of horizontal displacements after mining is :

[0023]

[0024] in, The day after mining Horizontal displacement of each region;

[0025] The set of vertical displacements after mining is :

[0026]

[0027] in, For the first time after mining Vertical displacement of each region;

[0028] The set of tilt angles after mining is :

[0029]

[0030] in, For the first time after mining The tilt angle of each region;

[0031] The stress set of the overlying rock after mining is :

[0032]

[0033] in, For the first time after mining Stress in the overlying strata of a specific region;

[0034] The strain set of the overlying rock after mining is :

[0035]

[0036] in, For the first time after mining Strain of the overlying rock in each region.

[0037] Furthermore, the overburden characteristic parameters of each area after mining are averaged to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. The changes in the overburden characteristic parameters of each area are then processed to obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle, based on the following formula:

[0038]

[0039] in, For the first The change in horizontal displacement of each region For the first Mean horizontal displacement of each region For the first time before mining Horizontal displacement of each region For the first Vertical displacement change in each region For the first Mean vertical displacement of each region For the first time before mining Vertical displacement of each region For the first The total displacement change in each region For the first During the second collection Horizontal displacement of each region For the first During the second collection Vertical displacement of each region This is an index for the number of collections. , This represents the total number of data collections.

[0040] According to the Total displacement change in each region To determine the total displacement change corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. ;

[0041]

[0042] in, For the first During the second collection The displacement direction angle of each region.

[0043] Furthermore, the average tilt angle of each region is calculated using the following formula:

[0044]

[0045] in, For the first Mean tilt angle of each region For the first During the second collection The tilt angle of each region For indexing a region;

[0046] The formula for calculating the change in tilt angle for each region is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] in, For the first The change in tilt angle of each region For the first time before mining The tilt angle of each region;

[0049] From the changes in tilt angle in each region, find the change in tilt angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. .

[0050] Furthermore, the average values ​​of stress and strain in each region are processed to calculate the strain energy density using the following formula:

[0051]

[0052] in, For the first Strain energy density of each region For the first The average stress in each region For the first The average strain of each region For the first During the second collection Stress in each region For the first During the second collection Strain in each region For the index of the region, This is the index for the number of times data was collected.

[0053] Furthermore, the total displacement change and tilt angle change in the region with the highest strain energy density are processed to generate a deformation index for assessing the risk of overburden deformation, based on the following formula:

[0054]

[0055] in, The deformation index is used to reflect the deformation risk of the overlying rock from two aspects: the total displacement change and the dip angle change.

[0056] This represents the total displacement change of the overlying rock corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. This represents the change in tilt angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density.

[0057] This is the weighting coefficient for the total displacement change. The weighting coefficient for the change in tilt angle. The weighting coefficient is a combination of the total displacement change and the tilt angle change. On this basis, let .

[0058] Furthermore, the displacement direction angles of each region are processed to generate the mean and standard deviation of the displacement direction angles for each region, based on the following formula:

[0059]

[0060] in, For the first Mean displacement direction angle of each region For the first Standard deviation of displacement direction angle in each region;

[0061] From the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle in each region, find the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. ;

[0062] Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density Different deformation consistency indices are obtained, and the specific process is as follows:

[0063] when , It is 0.5;

[0064] when , It is 0.3;

[0065] when , It is 0.1;

[0066] in, This is the deformation consistency index.

[0067] Furthermore, the deformation index and deformation consistency index of the overburden in the region with the highest strain energy density are processed and correlation analysis is performed to generate a comprehensive evaluation index, based on the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] in, The comprehensive assessment index is used to combine the overburden deformation index and the deformation consistency index to comprehensively score the risk of overburden migration.

[0070] In the formula, The overlying deformation index;

[0071] and These are the weights assigned to the overburden deformation index and the deformation consistency index, respectively, in the calculation. and The specific value is determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

[0072] Furthermore, the comprehensive assessment index is compared with a pre-set threshold to determine the level of overburden risk in the mine. The specific process is as follows:

[0073] when If so, the overburden risk level of the mine is low risk;

[0074] when If so, the overburden risk level of the mine is medium risk;

[0075] when If so, the overburden risk level of the mine is high risk;

[0076] in, This represents the lower limit threshold for the risk level of overburden in a mine, indicating the critical value for low risk. This is the upper limit threshold for the risk level of overburden in a mine, representing the critical value for high risk.

[0077] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides the following technical solution:

[0078] A method for comprehensive monitoring of mine overburden structure migration, the method being generated based on any of the aforementioned comprehensive monitoring systems for mine overburden structure migration, and the specific steps including:

[0079] S1. Divide the overburden into multiple regions with equal area. Using the morphology of the overburden in each region before mining as a benchmark, collect the overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after mining. Average the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after mining to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. Based on the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, obtain the change in the overburden characteristic parameters.

[0080] S2. Process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters of each region to obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle. Process the average values ​​of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region to calculate the strain energy density of each region and identify the region with the highest strain energy density.

[0081] S3. Process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density to generate an overburden deformation index for assessing the deformation risk of the overburden. Process the displacement direction angles of each region to generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region, find the standard deviation of the region with the highest strain energy density. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density, obtain the deformation consistency index for assessing the consistency of displacement direction and the stability of deformation.

[0082] S4. Process the data of the overburden deformation index and deformation consistency index in the region with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively evaluating the risk of overburden migration;

[0083] S5. Compare the comprehensive assessment index with the pre-set threshold to determine the level of overburden risk in the mine.

[0084] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0085] This invention divides the overburden into multiple regions with equal area and collects the characteristic parameters of the overburden in each region multiple times. This regionalized and comprehensive collection method can not only obtain the movement of the overburden in different regions in the horizontal and vertical directions, but also capture its posture changes and stress-strain state, comprehensively covering all dimensions of overburden deformation.

[0086] By continuously collecting multiple types of data, dynamic tracking of overburden deformation was achieved. When a local abrupt change occurs in the overburden, the collected multi-parameter data can be correlated with each other, reflecting the relationship between this change and other factors in a timely and accurate manner, forming a complete understanding of the evolution of overburden deformation. Through continuous monitoring and analysis of data such as the horizontal and vertical displacement changes of overburden in various regions, the process of overburden migration can be clearly displayed, thereby more accurately judging the risk of overburden migration and making up for the shortcomings of existing technologies in terms of the continuity and comprehensiveness of data collection.

[0087] By averaging different parameters, the displacement change and strain energy density of each region are extracted. With the help of the identification module and the comprehensive analysis module, the total displacement change and tilt angle change corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density are processed to generate an overburden deformation index for assessing the deformation risk of overburden. This fully considers the intrinsic relationship between strain energy density and parameters such as displacement change and displacement direction angle, and can comprehensively assess the deformation risk and stability of overburden, identify high-risk areas in a timely manner, significantly improve the accuracy of overburden migration risk assessment, and achieve a scientific and comprehensive assessment of overburden migration risk. Attached Figure Description

[0088] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the modules of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0090] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0091] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0092] Example 1:

[0093] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0094] A comprehensive monitoring system for the migration of overlying rock structures in mines, comprising:

[0095] The data acquisition module is used to divide the overburden area into multiple regions. Using the morphology of the overburden in each region before mining as a benchmark, the module continuously collects the overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after mining. The module then averages the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after mining to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. Based on the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, the module obtains the change in the overburden characteristic parameters.

[0096] The identification module is used to process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle, process the average values ​​of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, calculate the strain energy density of each region, and identify the region with the highest strain energy density.

[0097] The data processing and analysis module is used to process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density, generate the overburden deformation index for assessing the deformation risk of the overburden, process the displacement direction angle of each region, generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle of each region, find the standard deviation of the region with the highest strain energy density based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density, and obtain the deformation consistency index for assessing the consistency of displacement direction and the stability of deformation based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density.

[0098] The comprehensive analysis module is used to process the overburden deformation index and deformation consistency index of the region with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively evaluating the risk of overburden migration.

[0099] The judgment module is used to compare the comprehensive assessment index with the pre-set threshold to determine the level of overburden risk in the mine.

[0100] Based on the above embodiments, the overburden characteristic parameters include horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, dip angle, stress, and strain;

[0101] The equipment and methods for acquiring horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, stress, strain, and tilt angle are as follows:

[0102] Laser displacement gauges are used to collect the horizontal displacement of overburden in mines during mining. Specifically, they measure the change in distance between the target object and the laser emitter by emitting and reflecting a laser beam in order to obtain the horizontal displacement of the overburden.

[0103] Settlement gauges are used to monitor ground settlement during mining operations. Specifically, they collect the vertical displacement of the overlying rock through sensors installed on or underground.

[0104] Stress gauges are used to monitor the stress state in the area where mining and overlying rock interact. Specifically, they are installed in the rock mass to directly measure stress.

[0105] Strain gauges are used for local monitoring of rock masses, specifically by collecting the strain of the overlying rock under test through changes in resistance.

[0106] Inclinometers are used to monitor changes in the tilt of overburden, specifically by measuring the tilt angle of the overburden.

[0107] After collecting horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, stress, strain, and tilt angle, these parameters are subjected to maximum-minimum normalization. The normalized data are then used for subsequent analysis to ensure that all data are analyzed under the same dimension, thus avoiding the problem of some data being overlooked due to different dimensions.

[0108] The data acquisition module includes laser displacement gauges, settlement gauges, stress gauges, strain gauges, and inclinometers. The models of laser displacement gauges, settlement gauges, stress gauges, strain gauges, and inclinometers can all be existing equipment models, and there are no restrictions here.

[0109] Laser displacement gauges, settlement gauges, stress gauges, strain gauges, and tilt meters collect data in multiple sets (e.g., 3 sets) at different locations within the same area, measuring horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, stress, strain, and tilt angle. The same data collected from different locations is then averaged, and the final average is used as the corresponding data for horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, stress, strain, and tilt angle, thus avoiding random errors from individual point sampling.

[0110] Based on the above embodiments, the overburden area is divided into multiple regions. After mining, the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, tilt angle, stress, and strain of each region are collected multiple times. The specific process is as follows:

[0111] Define a set Indicates the various regions:

[0112]

[0113] in, For the set of the first Each region For the index of the region, Indicates the number of monitored areas;

[0114] The set of horizontal displacements after mining is :

[0115]

[0116] in, The day after mining Horizontal displacement of each region;

[0117] The set of vertical displacements after mining is :

[0118]

[0119] in, For the first time after mining Vertical displacement of each region;

[0120] The set of tilt angles after mining is :

[0121]

[0122] in, For the first time after mining The tilt angle of each region;

[0123] The stress set of the overlying rock after mining is :

[0124]

[0125] in, For the first time after mining Stress in the overlying strata of a specific region;

[0126] The strain set of the overlying rock after mining is :

[0127]

[0128] in, For the first time after mining Strain of the overlying rock in each region.

[0129] Based on the above embodiments, the overburden characteristic parameters of each area after mining are averaged to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. The changes in the overburden characteristic parameters of each area are then processed to obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle, based on the following formula:

[0130]

[0131] in, For the first The change in horizontal displacement of each region For the first Mean horizontal displacement of each region For the first time before mining Horizontal displacement of each region For the first Vertical displacement change in each region For the first Mean vertical displacement of each region For the first time before mining Vertical displacement of each region For the first The total displacement change in each region For the first During the second collection Horizontal displacement of each region For the first During the second collection Vertical displacement of each region This is an index for the number of collections. , This represents the total number of data collections.

[0132] According to the Total displacement change in each region To determine the total displacement change corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. ;

[0133]

[0134] in, For the first During the second collection The displacement direction angle of each region.

[0135] Based on the above embodiments, the average tilt angle of each region is calculated using the following formula:

[0136]

[0137] in, For the first Mean tilt angle of each region For the first During the second collection The tilt angle of each region For indexing a region;

[0138] The formula for calculating the change in tilt angle for each region is as follows:

[0139]

[0140] in, For the first The change in tilt angle of each region For the first time before mining The tilt angle of each region;

[0141] From the changes in tilt angle in each region, find the change in tilt angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. .

[0142] Based on the above embodiments, the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, and tilt angle of each area before mining are also based on themselves. Therefore, the first... Horizontal displacement of each region Before mining Vertical displacement of each region Before mining The tilt angle of each region It is 0.

[0143] Based on the above embodiments, the average values ​​of stress and strain in each region are processed to calculate the strain energy density using the following formula:

[0144]

[0145] in, For the first Strain energy density of each region For the first The average stress in each region For the first The average strain of each region For the first During the second collection Stress in each region For the first During the second collection Strain in each region For the index of the region, This is the index for the number of times data was collected.

[0146] Based on the above embodiments, the correlation between the total displacement change, the tilt angle change, and the risk of overburden deformation is as follows:

[0147] The total displacement change is positively correlated with the deformation index. This is because, under normal circumstances, when the overburden is subjected to external pressure or other factors, the displacement increases. This increase in displacement often leads to changes in the rock mass structure, thereby triggering a greater risk of deformation, i.e., a higher deformation index.

[0148] The change in tilt angle is positively correlated with the deformation index. This is because as the tilt angle increases, the center of gravity of the rock mass may change, resulting in greater shear force acting on the rock mass, which in turn increases the risk of deformation or sliding. Increased tilt often triggers the generation or propagation of cracks, which further exacerbate the deformation of the rock mass and also increase the deformation index.

[0149] Based on the correlation between total displacement change, tilt angle change, and overburden deformation risk, the total displacement change and tilt angle change in the region with the highest strain energy density are processed and analyzed to generate a deformation index for assessing overburden deformation risk. The formula is as follows:

[0150]

[0151] in, The deformation index is used to reflect the deformation risk of the overlying rock from two aspects: the total displacement change and the dip angle change.

[0152] This represents the total displacement change corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. This represents the change in tilt angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density.

[0153] This is the weighting coefficient for the total displacement change. The weighting coefficient for the change in tilt angle. It is a weighting coefficient that combines the total displacement change and the tilt angle change, used to reflect the degree of influence of different displacement and tilt angle characteristics on the overburden deformation index;

[0154] The reason for constructing the above functional form to express the functional relationship between the total displacement change, the tilt angle change, and the deformation exponent is as follows:

[0155] First, the total displacement change refers to the total amount of movement of the overburden in the vertical and horizontal directions under the influence of mining. When the total displacement change is small, the stress adjustment inside the overburden is relatively stable, the interaction between rock layers is still in a relatively stable state, and the risk of overburden deformation is relatively low.

[0156] As the total displacement increases, the stress distribution within the overburden will change significantly, potentially leading to phenomena such as rock strata fracture and delamination, thereby increasing the risk of overburden deformation. When this displacement exceeds a certain limit, the overburden may experience large-scale collapse, subsidence, and other deformation and damage, seriously affecting mine safety and surface stability.

[0157] Therefore, the total displacement change is taken as one of the factors and correlated with the deformation index to illustrate the deformation risk of the overburden.

[0158] Second, the change in the tilt angle reflects the change in the degree of tilt of the overburden in space. A smaller change in the tilt angle means that the change in the overall shape of the overburden is relatively gentle, and the stress transmission inside the overburden is relatively uniform. At this time, the risk of overburden deformation is usually small.

[0159] When the change in tilt angle is large, it indicates that there are significant deformation differences in the overburden in a local area. This difference can lead to stress concentration, which may cause the rock strata to crack and slide, thereby increasing the risk of overburden deformation and even causing serious consequences such as landslides and the tilting and collapse of surface buildings.

[0160] Therefore, the change in tilt angle is used as another factor and correlated with the deformation index to illustrate the deformation risk of the overburden.

[0161] Third, the total displacement change and the dip angle change are often not independent, but rather mutually influential and interactive, jointly affecting the risk of overburden deformation. For example, a large total displacement change may lead to a significant change in the dip angle of the overburden; and the change in the dip angle will in turn affect the stress distribution inside the overburden, further increasing the total displacement change.

[0162] When assessing the risk of overburden deformation, it is necessary to comprehensively consider both the total displacement change and the tilt angle change. Real-time monitoring and analysis of these two parameters can more accurately determine the stability of the overburden, predict potential overburden deformation disasters in advance, and take corresponding preventative and control measures.

[0163] Fourth, weighting coefficients , , These are key parameters that reflect the relative importance of the total displacement change, the tilt angle change, and the combination of the total displacement change and the tilt angle change in influencing the deformation characteristics and risks of the overburden. They affect the deformation risk of the overburden from three different levels. By adjusting these coefficients, the model can be made more flexible to adapt to changes under different environments or conditions and highlight the degree of influence of different factors on the deformation risk of the overburden.

[0164] Weighting coefficient This represents the interaction between the total displacement change and the dip angle change. In geological or engineering environments, simultaneous changes in both factors often produce more complex effects. For example, when the overlying strata displacement is large and the dip angle change is significant, it may lead to higher risks. Therefore, assigning... A greater weighting can better reflect the impact of this interaction on the risk of overburden deformation.

[0165] Weighting coefficient Corresponding to the total displacement change This factor is generally considered to have a significant impact on the risk of overburden deformation. An increase in total displacement directly reflects the degree of overburden deformation, and therefore usually requires a high weighting in risk assessment to ensure its influence is fully considered.

[0166] Weighting coefficient Corresponding to the change in tilt angle While changes in the dip angle do have some impact on overburden stability, the effect is generally relatively small. In many cases, changes in displacement have a more direct and significant impact on overburden risk than changes in dip. Therefore, assigning... Smaller weights.

[0167] In summary, the weighting coefficient for the combined total displacement change and tilt angle change should be greater than the weighting coefficient for the total displacement change, and the weighting coefficient for the total displacement change should be greater than the weighting coefficient for the tilt angle change. On this basis, let .

[0168] As one implementation method, The value range is an open interval of 0.3-0.4. The value range is an open interval of 0.2-0.3. The value range is an open interval of 0.4-0.5. The specific value is set by the technical personnel according to the actual situation and is not restricted here.

[0169] The displacement direction angles of each region are processed to generate the mean and standard deviation of the displacement direction angles for each region, based on the following formula:

[0170]

[0171] in, For the first Mean displacement direction angle of each region For the first Standard deviation of displacement direction angle in each region;

[0172] From the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle in each region, find the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. ;

[0173] Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density Different deformation consistency indices are obtained, and the specific process is as follows:

[0174] when , It is 0.5;

[0175] when , It is 0.3;

[0176] when , It is 0.1;

[0177] in, This is the deformation consistency index.

[0178] Based on the above embodiments, the overburden deformation index and deformation consistency index of the region with the highest strain energy density are processed and correlation analysis is performed to generate a comprehensive evaluation index, based on the following formula:

[0179]

[0180] in, The comprehensive assessment index is used to combine the overburden deformation index and the deformation consistency index to give a comprehensive score to the risk of overburden migration. The higher the comprehensive assessment index, the higher the risk of overburden migration.

[0181] It should be noted that, as described above, the overburden deformation index... The larger the value, the higher the risk of deformation of the overlying strata, and the higher the deformation consistency index. The larger the value, the better the consistency of displacement direction and the stability of deformation, and the better the comprehensive evaluation index. With overlying deformation index Positive correlation, therefore the comprehensive evaluation index Consistency index with deformation Since there is a negative correlation, the above-mentioned weighted summation formula is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index.

[0182] In the formula, and These are the weights assigned to the overburden deformation index and the deformation consistency index, respectively, in the calculation. and The specific value is determined by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the specific logic is as follows:

[0183] Two indicators, the overburden deformation index and the deformation consistency index, are labeled. The relative importance of each pair of indices is determined using the nine-scale method, and a judgment matrix is ​​constructed. The overburden deformation index is labeled as 1, and the deformation consistency index is labeled as 2. for:

[0184]

[0185] in, , Both represent the index of the index, and , , indicating that the index is The importance of the index to the overall evaluation index compared to the index with index v. The specific values ​​were determined by relevant experts using a 1-9 scoring method. Indicates that the index is The overlying deformation index is extremely important for the comprehensive evaluation index compared to the deformation consistency index with index v. Indicates that the index is The overlying deformation index is extremely unimportant to the comprehensive evaluation index compared to the deformation consistency index with index v.

[0186] Divide each element value in the judgment matrix by the sum of its columns to obtain a normalized judgment matrix. Calculate the mean of the element values ​​in each row of the normalized judgment matrix. Use the mean of the element values ​​in the first row as the scaling factor for the overburden deformation index and the mean of the element values ​​in the second row as the scaling factor for the deformation consistency index. With the constraint that the sum of the scaled values ​​equals 1, scale the two scaling factors proportionally and use the scaled values ​​as the weights of the corresponding indices.

[0187] Based on the above embodiments, the comprehensive evaluation index is compared with a pre-set threshold to determine the level of overburden risk in the mine. The specific process is as follows:

[0188] when If so, the overburden risk level of the mine is low risk;

[0189] when If so, the overburden risk level of the mine is medium risk;

[0190] when If the overburden risk level of the mine is high, then the mine's overburden risk level is high.

[0191] in, This represents the lower limit threshold for the risk level of overburden in a mine, indicating the critical value for low risk. The upper threshold for the overburden risk level of a mine represents the critical value for high risk. Through statistical analysis of a large amount of experimental data, the distribution of mine overburden risk level scores is determined. Statistical indicators such as the maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation of the comprehensive assessment index from historical data can be used to set the threshold. For example, it can be... Set to a certain standard deviation below the mean, and It can be set to a standard deviation higher than the mean.

[0192] Please see Figure 2 The present invention also provides a technical solution:

[0193] A method for comprehensive monitoring of mine overburden structure migration, the method being generated based on any of the aforementioned comprehensive monitoring systems for mine overburden structure migration, and the specific steps including:

[0194] S1. Divide the overburden into multiple regions with equal area. Using the morphology of the overburden in each region before mining as a benchmark, collect the overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after mining. Average the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after mining to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. Based on the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, obtain the change in the overburden characteristic parameters.

[0195] S2. Process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters of each region to obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle. Process the average values ​​of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region to calculate the strain energy density of each region and identify the region with the highest strain energy density.

[0196] S3. Process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density to generate an overburden deformation index for assessing the deformation risk of the overburden. Process the displacement direction angles of each region to generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region, find the standard deviation of the region with the highest strain energy density. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density, obtain the deformation consistency index for assessing the consistency of displacement direction and the stability of deformation.

[0197] S4. Process the data of the overburden deformation index and deformation consistency index in the region with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively evaluating the risk of overburden migration;

[0198] S5. Compare the comprehensive assessment index with the pre-set threshold to determine the level of overburden risk in the mine.

[0199] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0200] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by software, electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0201] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0202] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A comprehensive monitoring system for the migration of overlying rock structures in mines, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition module is used to divide the overburden area into multiple regions. Using the morphology of the overburden in each region before mining as a benchmark, the module continuously collects the overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after mining. The module then averages the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after mining to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. Based on the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, the module obtains the change in the overburden characteristic parameters. The identification module is used to process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle, process the average values ​​of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, calculate the strain energy density of each region, and identify the region with the highest strain energy density. The data processing and analysis module is used to process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density, generate the overburden deformation index for assessing the deformation risk of the overburden, process the displacement direction angle of each region, generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle of each region, find the standard deviation of the region with the highest strain energy density based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density, and obtain the deformation consistency index for assessing the consistency of displacement direction and the stability of deformation based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. The comprehensive analysis module is used to process the overburden deformation index and deformation consistency index of the region with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively evaluating the risk of overburden migration. The judgment module is used to compare the comprehensive assessment index with the pre-set threshold to determine the level of overburden risk in the mine. Overburden characteristic parameters include horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, dip angle, stress, and strain; The total displacement change and tilt angle change in the region with the highest strain energy density are processed to generate an overburden deformation index for assessing the risk of overburden deformation. The formula is as follows: in, The overburden deformation index is used to reflect the deformation risk of the overburden from two aspects: the total displacement change and the dip angle change. This represents the total displacement change of the overlying rock corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. This represents the change in tilt angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. This is the weighting coefficient for the total displacement change. The weighting coefficient for the change in tilt angle. The weighting coefficient is a combination of the total displacement change and the tilt angle change. On this basis, let .

2. The comprehensive monitoring system for the migration of mine overburden structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overlying rock was divided into multiple zones of equal area. After mining, the horizontal displacement, vertical displacement, tilt angle, stress, and strain of each zone were collected multiple times. The specific process is as follows: Define a set Indicates the various regions: in, For the set of the first Each region For the index of the region, Indicates the number of monitored areas; The set of horizontal displacements after mining is : in, The day after mining Horizontal displacement of each region; The set of vertical displacements after mining is : in, For the first time after mining Vertical displacement of each region; The set of tilt angles after mining is : in, For the first time after mining The tilt angle of each region; The stress set of the overlying rock after mining is : in, For the first time after mining Stress in the overlying strata of a specific region; The strain set of the overlying rock after mining is : in, For the first time after mining Strain of the overlying rock in each region.

3. The comprehensive monitoring system for the migration of overburden structures in mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: After mining, the overlying strata characteristic parameters of each area are averaged to obtain the average value of the overlying strata characteristic parameters. The changes in the overlying strata characteristic parameters of each area are then processed to obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle, based on the following formula: in, For the first The change in horizontal displacement of each region For the first Mean horizontal displacement of each region For the first time before mining Horizontal displacement of each region For the first Vertical displacement change in each region For the first Mean vertical displacement of each region For the first time before mining Vertical displacement of each region For the first The total displacement change in each region For the first During the second collection Horizontal displacement of each region For the first During the second collection Vertical displacement of each region This is an index for the number of collections. , This represents the total number of data collections. According to the Total displacement change in each region To determine the total displacement change corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. ; in, For the first During the second collection The displacement direction angle of each region.

4. The comprehensive monitoring system for the migration of overburden structures in mines according to claim 3, characterized in that: The average tilt angle of each region is calculated using the following formula: in, For the first Mean tilt angle of each region For the first During the second collection The tilt angle of each region For indexing a region; The formula for calculating the change in tilt angle for each region is as follows: in, For the first The change in tilt angle of each region For the first time before mining The tilt angle of each region; From the changes in tilt angle in each region, find the change in tilt angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. .

5. The comprehensive monitoring system for the migration of mine overburden structures according to claim 2, characterized in that: The average values ​​of stress and strain in each region are processed to calculate the strain energy density using the following formula: in, For the first Strain energy density of each region For the first The average stress in each region For the first The average strain of each region For the first During the second collection Stress in each region For the first During the second collection Strain in each region For the index of the region, This is the index for the number of times data was collected.

6. The comprehensive monitoring system for the migration of overburden structures in mines according to claim 3, characterized in that: The displacement direction angles of each region are processed to generate the mean and standard deviation of the displacement direction angles for each region, based on the following formula: in, For the first Mean displacement direction angle of each region For the first Standard deviation of displacement direction angle in each region; From the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle in each region, find the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density. ; Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angle corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density Different deformation consistency indices are obtained, and the specific process is as follows: when , It is 0.5; when , It is 0.3; when , It is 0.1; in, This is the deformation consistency index.

7. The comprehensive monitoring system for the migration of mine overburden structures according to claim 6, characterized in that: Data processing and correlation analysis were performed on the overburden deformation index and deformation consistency index of the region with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive evaluation index, based on the following formula: in, The comprehensive assessment index is used to combine the overburden deformation index and the deformation consistency index to comprehensively score the risk of overburden migration. In the formula, The overlying deformation index; and These are the weights assigned to the overburden deformation index and the deformation consistency index, respectively, in the calculation. and The specific value is determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

8. The comprehensive monitoring system for the migration of overburden structures in mines according to claim 7, characterized in that: The comprehensive assessment index is compared with a pre-set threshold to determine the level of overburden risk in the mine. The specific process is as follows: when If so, the overburden risk level of the mine is low risk; when If so, the overburden risk level of the mine is medium risk; when If so, the overburden risk level of the mine is high risk; in, This represents the lower limit threshold for the risk level of overburden in a mine, indicating the critical value for low risk. This is the upper limit threshold for the risk level of overburden in a mine, representing the critical value for high risk.

9. A method for comprehensive monitoring of mine overburden structure migration, the method being generated based on a comprehensive monitoring system for mine overburden structure migration as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Divide the overburden into multiple regions with equal area. Using the morphology of the overburden in each region before mining as a benchmark, collect the overburden characteristic parameters of each region multiple times after mining. Average the overburden characteristic parameters of each region after mining to obtain the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters. Based on the average value of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region, obtain the change in the overburden characteristic parameters. S2. Process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters of each region to obtain the total displacement change and displacement direction angle. Process the average values ​​of the overburden characteristic parameters of each region to calculate the strain energy density of each region and identify the region with the highest strain energy density. S3. Process the changes in the overburden characteristic parameters corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density to generate an overburden deformation index for assessing the deformation risk of the overburden. Process the displacement direction angles of each region to generate the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles of each region, find the standard deviation of the region with the highest strain energy density. Based on the standard deviation of the displacement direction angles corresponding to the region with the highest strain energy density, obtain the deformation consistency index for assessing the consistency of displacement direction and the stability of deformation. S4. Process the data of the overburden deformation index and deformation consistency index in the region with the highest strain energy density to generate a comprehensive assessment index for comprehensively evaluating the risk of overburden migration; S5. Compare the comprehensive assessment index with the pre-set threshold to determine the level of overburden risk in the mine.

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