Debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device and method based on solid phase concentration real-time regulation and control

Abstract

The invention discloses a debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device and method based on solid phase concentration real-time regulation and control, and the device comprises a model box system which comprises an electric hydraulic lifting platform and a debris flow channel and sequentially comprises a source area, a circulation area and an accumulation area from top to bottom, and the circulation area is provided with a stress sensing layer; the multi-field coupling triggering system comprises a steel structure frame, a variable-particle-size rainfall module, a pulse type dam break device and a material supply unit; the multi-dimensional monitoring system comprises a variable parameter sensor array and a three-dimensional structure scanning unit; and the intelligent control system comprises an upper computer, a multi-field cooperative control module, a solid phase concentration self-adaptive module and a data fusion and visualization module. The technical problems that a traditional device is insufficient in rheological regulation and control capacity and low in multi-field coupling precision are solved, and a high-precision experiment platform is provided for debris flow disaster formation mechanism research, disaster process reproduction and prevention and control technology verification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster simulation, and in particular to a debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device and method based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration. Background Art

[0002] Debris flows are solid-liquid two-phase flows composed of water, sediment, and rocks. Their rheological properties (such as viscosity and yield stress) are dynamically influenced by factors such as material composition, moisture content, and flow velocity. These are the core parameters that determine the movement patterns and disaster-causing potential of debris flows. Existing indoor simulation devices have the following technical bottlenecks:

[0003] 1. Insufficient solid phase concentration control capability: Traditional devices rely on fixed-concentration slurries with preset ratios, making it difficult to replicate complex flow patterns such as the "thin-to-viscous" transition seen in real disasters.

[0004] 2. Low precision in multi-field coupling simulation: Most devices can only load water flow or gravity alone, lacking the coordinated triggering mechanism of geological forces (such as landslides) and hydrodynamic forces (such as heavy rains and dam failures), and are unable to fully simulate the disaster chain process of "source initiation-fluidization-movement accumulation";

[0005] 3. Single monitoring and early warning function: The existing monitoring system mainly uses single-point sensors, which lacks the real-time capture of the three-dimensional structure of the flow body, stress distribution and particle movement trajectory, making it difficult to support in-depth analysis of the evolution law of disasters.

[0006] Therefore, a new simulation device with the ability to dynamically control solid phase concentration, multi-field coupled loading and multi-dimensional monitoring is needed to meet the needs of debris flow research under complex conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device and method based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration, comprising:

[0009] A model box system, the model box system comprising an electric hydraulic lifting platform and a debris flow channel, the top of the debris flow channel being mounted on the electric hydraulic lifting platform, the debris flow channel being a slide-like structure and comprising, from top to bottom, a provenance area, a circulation area, and an accumulation area, the circulation area being provided with a stress sensing layer;

[0010] A multi-field coupling trigger system, comprising a steel frame, a variable particle size rainfall module, a pulsed dam-breaking device, and a material supply unit. The steel frame is disposed above the debris flow channel, the variable particle size rainfall module is mounted on the steel frame, and the pulsed dam-breaking device and the material supply unit are both arranged corresponding to the material source area.

[0011] a multi-dimensional monitoring system comprising a variable parameter sensor array and a three-dimensional structure scanning unit, wherein the variable parameter sensor array is arranged in the circulation area and the three-dimensional structure scanning unit is mounted on the steel frame;

[0012] An intelligent control system includes a host computer, a multi-field collaborative control module, a solid phase concentration adaptive module and a data fusion and visualization module.

[0013] According to the debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration provided by the present invention, the electric hydraulic lifting platform includes:

[0014] A base, wherein movable wheels are mounted on the base;

[0015] A platform, the platform is arranged directly above the base and directly opposite to the base;

[0016] A scissor lift frame, wherein two groups of the scissor lift frames are connected by a fixed rod, the scissor lift frames are arranged between the base and the platform, the platform and the base are respectively slidably connected to a sliding seat, and the top and bottom ends of the scissor lift frames each have an end point rotatably connected to the sliding seat via an axle pin, and the other end point is rotatably connected to the platform and the base;

[0017] An electric hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is rotatably connected to the base via a pin shaft, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the fixing rod, and an axis of the electric hydraulic cylinder is arranged at an angle to the base.

[0018] According to the debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration provided by the present invention, the debris flow channel includes:

[0019] A material source trough, the material source trough being fixed on the top surface of the platform;

[0020] A splicing flow channel, comprising a plurality of splicing grooves, wherein the plurality of splicing grooves are connected in series, adjacent splicing grooves are connected by latches, and the splicing groove at the head end is connected to the source groove;

[0021] A stacking trough, the stacking trough being docked with the splicing trough at the tail end;

[0022] The stress sensing layer is arranged in the splicing groove, and the stress sensing layer includes a pressure sensitive coating and a pressure matrix sensor, and both the pressure sensitive coating and the pressure matrix sensor are arranged in the splicing groove.

[0023] According to the debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration provided by the present invention, the variable particle size rainfall module includes an adjustable nozzle, a pipe is installed on the steel structure frame, and the adjustable nozzle is provided in several groups. Several groups of adjustable nozzles are respectively fixed on the pipe through connecting pipes, and the pipe is connected to the water supply device.

[0024] According to the debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration provided by the present invention, the pulsed dam-breaking device includes:

[0025] Pressure compensating water tank;

[0026] A high-speed electromagnetic reversing valve, wherein the output end of the pressure compensation water tank is connected to the high-speed electromagnetic reversing valve through a delivery pipe, and the output end of the high-speed electromagnetic reversing valve is connected to a nozzle, and the nozzle is arranged corresponding to the source tank;

[0027] A flow sensor is installed at the nozzle of the nozzle.

[0028] According to the debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration provided by the present invention, the material supply unit includes:

[0029] A multi-compartment storage tank, wherein soil and rock particles of different particle sizes and properties are stored in the multi-compartment storage tank, and the multi-compartment storage tank is installed on the source tank;

[0030] Screw conveyors, each of which is installed in the storage tank body of the multi-storage tank;

[0031] The metering system is connected to the screw conveyor and is used for quantitative feeding.

[0032] According to the debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration provided by the present invention, the three-dimensional structure scanning unit includes:

[0033] A multispectral three-dimensional laser scanner, wherein the multispectral three-dimensional laser scanner is fixed on the steel frame;

[0034] A high-speed camera is fixed on the steel frame.

[0035] According to the debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration provided by the present invention, the variable parameter sensor array includes a viscometer, a density meter and a PIV velocimeter arranged in the splicing tank.

[0036] A multi-field coupled debris flow simulation method based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Experimental preparation and device construction;

[0038] Install the electric hydraulic lift platform in place, and install the top of the slide-like debris flow channel on the electric hydraulic lift platform to ensure that the channel is stable and the angle can be adjusted. The channel is arranged in sequence according to the source area, circulation area, and accumulation area. Layered filling materials are pre-placed in the source area, a pulse dam break device and material supply unit are installed, and a stress sensing layer is set in the circulation area.

[0039] Build a steel frame and install the variable-size rainfall module on the steel frame;

[0040] Arrange variable parameter sensor arrays in the circulation area and install three-dimensional structural scanning units on the steel frame to ensure the normal operation of each monitoring device and accurate data collection;

[0041] Connect the host computer with the multi-field collaborative control module, solid phase concentration adaptive module, and data fusion and visualization module to complete the system initialization settings and ensure normal communication between modules;

[0042] Step 2: Initial parameter setting and working condition preset;

[0043] Set the basic parameters required for the experiment in the host computer;

[0044] Utilize the multi-field coordinated control module to preset multi-stage loading conditions, including the timing synchronization scheme of the pulse dam-breaking device hydraulic power and material supply unit;

[0045] Step 3: Experiment start and data collection;

[0046] According to the preset working conditions, the variable particle size rainfall module and the pulse dam break device are activated in sequence. Water mixes with the preset filler to form a debris flow. Flow steps with different flow rates are achieved in a short period of time, simulating the initiation of a debris flow caused by sudden water injection.

[0047] The variable parameter sensor array collects various physical parameters in the flow area in real time. The three-dimensional structure scanning unit scans the shape of the fluid and obtains the three-dimensional motion data of the fluid. All collected data is transmitted to the host computer in real time.

[0048] Step 4: real-time control of solid phase concentration;

[0049] The solid phase concentration adaptive module uses the extended Kalman filter algorithm based on the collected monitoring data to invert the fluid solid phase concentration online at a frequency of ≥200Hz;

[0050] The system determines the current debris flow state based on preset flow state transition conditions. When the flow state does not meet the preset requirements, it automatically adjusts the particle transport rate and water flow rate to achieve real-time control of solid phase concentration, thereby maintaining or changing the flow state of the debris flow and realizing a cyclic simulation of the "thin-viscous-thin" flow state. During the control process, it continuously uses multi-dimensional monitoring data to correct the particle transport strategy in real time.

[0051] Step 5: Data processing and result display;

[0052] The data fusion and visualization module fuses multi-source monitoring data through a spatiotemporal convolutional neural network to generate three-dimensional motion trajectories of the fluid body, spatiotemporal cloud maps of rheological parameters, and simulation results of the accumulation morphology;

[0053] The host computer collects various data and simulation results during the experiment, stores them and performs offline analysis so that researchers can conduct in-depth analysis and research on the experimental results.

[0054] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0055] 1. Precise rheological control: Through the implementation of solid phase concentration control, the viscosity of debris flow can be dynamically adjusted, and complex flow patterns such as the "thin-viscous" conversion of debris flow can be accurately reproduced to meet the needs of debris flow simulation in different river basins;

[0056] 2. Multi-field coupling intelligence: Integrates multiple triggering mechanisms such as heavy rain, dam breach, and material replenishment to fully simulate the entire process of "material source initiation - fluid evolution - disaster chain";

[0057] 3. Integrated monitoring and analysis: The multi-dimensional monitoring system and intelligent control system realize real-time monitoring and dynamic regulation of the simulation process, ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the experimental results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0059] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration according to the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 It is an axonometric view of the model box system of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 It is a left side view of the electric hydraulic lifting platform of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the debris flow channel of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 This is the adjustment flow chart of the intelligent control system of the present invention.

[0064] Among them, 1. Source area; 2. Circulation area; 3. Accumulation area; 4. Electric hydraulic lifting platform; 5. Multi-dimensional monitoring system; 6. Intelligent control system; 7. Steel structure frame;

[0065] 11. Pressure-compensated water storage tank; 12. Delivery pipe; 13. High-speed electromagnetic reversing valve; 14. Variable particle size rainfall module; 15. Multi-bin storage tank; 16. Platform;

[0066] 21. Spliced ​​flow channel; 22. Latch;

[0067] 41. Fixed rod; 42. Axle pin; 43. Base; 44. Moving wheel; 45. Scissor lift; 46. Electric hydraulic cylinder;

[0068] 51. Multispectral 3D laser scanner; 52. High-speed camera; 53. Rheological parameter sensor array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0071] Reference Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration, comprising:

[0072] The model box system includes an electric hydraulic lifting platform 4 and a debris flow channel. The top of the debris flow channel is installed on the electric hydraulic lifting platform 4. The debris flow channel has a slide-like structure and includes a material source area 1, a circulation area 2, and an accumulation area 3 from top to bottom. The circulation area 2 is provided with a stress sensing layer.

[0073] Multi-field coupling triggering system, which includes a steel frame 7, a variable particle size rainfall module 14, a pulsed dam-breaking device, and a material supply unit. The steel frame 7 is arranged above the debris flow channel, and the variable particle size rainfall module 14 is installed on the steel frame 7. The pulsed dam-breaking device and the material supply unit are both arranged corresponding to the material source area 1;

[0074] Multi-dimensional monitoring system 5, which includes a variable parameter sensor array and a three-dimensional structure scanning unit. The variable parameter sensor array is arranged in the circulation area 2, and the three-dimensional structure scanning unit is installed on the steel frame 7;

[0075] The intelligent control system 6 includes a host computer, a multi-field collaborative control module, a solid phase concentration adaptive module and a data fusion and visualization module.

[0076] Further optimization scheme, the electric hydraulic lifting platform 4 includes:

[0077] A base 43, on which a moving wheel 44 is mounted;

[0078] The platform 16 is disposed directly above the base 43 and directly opposite the base 43;

[0079] Scissor lifts 45, two sets of scissor lifts 45 are connected by a fixed rod 41, and the scissor lifts 45 are arranged between the base 43 and the platform 16. Sliding seats are slidably connected to the platform 16 and the base 43 respectively. The top and bottom ends of the scissor lifts 45 each have an end point rotatably connected to the sliding seat via an axle pin 42, and the other end point is rotatably connected to the platform 16 and the base 43;

[0080] The electric hydraulic cylinder 46 has one end rotatably connected to the base 43 via a pin shaft, and the other end rotatably connected to the fixing rod 41 , and the axis of the electric hydraulic cylinder 46 is arranged at an angle to the base 43 .

[0081] The electric hydraulic lifting platform 4 is at the lowest height position, the platform 16 and the base 43 are supported by the scissor lift 45, the scissor lift 45 is in a retracted state, and the sliding seat is in an initial sliding position on the platform 16 and the base 43.

[0082] The electric hydraulic cylinder 46 extends under the action of power. Since one end of the electric hydraulic cylinder 46 is rotatably connected to the base 43 and the other end is rotatably connected to the fixed rod 41, as the electric hydraulic cylinder 46 extends, it pushes the sliding seat of the scissor lift 45 to slide on the platform 16 and the base 43, and the scissor lift 45 gradually unfolds, thereby causing the platform 16 to rise, and then driving the material source trough installed on the top surface of the platform 16 to rise, thereby realizing the adjustment of the height of the debris flow channel.

[0083] The electric hydraulic cylinder 46 contracts, pulling the sliding seat of the scissor lift 45 to slide in the opposite direction, the scissor lift 45 contracts, the platform 16 descends, and the material source tank descends accordingly.

[0084] Further optimization of the plan, the rock flow channel includes:

[0085] A material source tank, which is fixed on the top surface of the platform 16;

[0086] The splicing channel 21 includes a plurality of splicing grooves, which are connected in series in sequence. Adjacent splicing grooves are connected by latches 22, and the splicing groove at the head end is connected to the source groove.

[0087] The stacking trough is connected to the splicing trough at the tail end;

[0088] The stress sensing layer is arranged in the splicing groove, and the stress sensing layer includes a pressure sensitive coating and a pressure matrix sensor, and both the pressure sensitive coating and the pressure matrix sensor are arranged in the splicing groove.

[0089] To further optimize the solution, the variable particle size rainfall module 14 includes an adjustable nozzle, a pipe is installed on the steel frame 7, and several groups of adjustable nozzles are provided. Several groups of adjustable nozzles are fixed on the pipe through connecting pipes, and the pipes are connected to the water supply device.

[0090] Connect the water supply to the pipe to provide water to the adjustable sprinkler head.

[0091] According to the simulation requirements, the parameters of the adjustable nozzle, such as the spray angle and spray intensity, are adjusted to simulate rainfall with different particle sizes.

[0092] Turn on the water supply device, and water is transported through pipes to several groups of adjustable sprinkler heads, which start spraying water to simulate the rainfall process.

[0093] To further optimize the solution, the pulse dam-breaking device includes:

[0094] Pressure compensating water tank;

[0095] High-speed electromagnetic reversing valve 13, the output end of the pressure compensation water tank is connected to the high-speed electromagnetic reversing valve 13 through the delivery pipe 12, the output end of the high-speed electromagnetic reversing valve 13 is connected to the nozzle, and the nozzle is arranged corresponding to the source tank;

[0096] Flow sensor: The flow sensor is installed at the nozzle of the nozzle.

[0097] A certain amount of water is stored in the pressure compensation water tank to provide water source for dam break simulation.

[0098] When it is necessary to simulate a dam break, the high-speed electromagnetic reversing valve 13 quickly switches its state, and the water in the pressure compensation water tank enters the nozzle through the delivery pipe 12 and the high-speed electromagnetic reversing valve 13. The nozzle is arranged corresponding to the source tank, and water is instantly ejected from the nozzle, simulating the sudden release of mud and rock flow at the moment of dam break.

[0099] The flow sensor installed at the nozzle nozzle monitors the water flow in real time during dam break and provides data for subsequent analysis.

[0100] To further optimize the solution, the material supply unit includes:

[0101] A multi-compartment storage tank 15, which stores soil and rock particles of different sizes and properties respectively, and is installed on the source tank;

[0102] Screw conveyors are respectively installed in the silo bodies of the multi-silo storage tanks 15;

[0103] The metering system is connected with the screw conveyor for quantitative feeding.

[0104] The multi-bin storage tank 15 stores soil and rock particles of different particle sizes and properties, and the appropriate bin is selected according to the simulation requirements.

[0105] The metering system is connected to the screw conveyor, and the speed and running time of the screw conveyor are controlled by the metering system to achieve quantitative feeding, and soil and rock particles of different particle sizes and properties are transported from the multi-bin storage tank 15 to the source tank to maintain the continuous flow of the debris flow.

[0106] To further optimize the solution, the 3D structure scanning unit includes:

[0107] A multispectral three-dimensional laser scanner 51, which is fixed on the steel frame 7;

[0108] High-speed camera 52 , the high-speed camera 52 is fixed on the steel frame 7 .

[0109] The viscometer, density meter and PIV velocimeter arranged in the splicing tank collect the viscosity, density, flow velocity and other parameters of the debris flow in real time.

[0110] The multi-spectral three-dimensional laser scanner 51 and the high-speed camera 52 fixed on the steel frame 7 respectively scan and photograph the accumulation form of the debris flow to obtain information such as the geometric shape, spatial distribution and movement process of the debris flow after accumulation.

[0111] The collected data is transmitted to the intelligent control system 6 for further processing and analysis.

[0112] To further optimize the solution, the variable parameter sensor array includes a viscometer, a density meter and a PIV velocimeter arranged in the splicing tank.

[0113] The viscometer can be a rotational viscometer, such as the NDJ-8S rotational viscometer, and its measuring range and accuracy can be selected according to the measurement requirements of the debris flow viscosity.

[0114] Density meter: The density meter can be an online density meter, such as the DMA35N online density meter. Its measurement accuracy and response time can be determined according to actual needs.

[0115] PIV velocimeter: PIV velocimeters can be commercially available professional products, such as TSI's PIV velocimeter system. Its measurement accuracy and spatial resolution can be selected according to the measurement requirements of debris flow velocity.

[0116] A multi-field coupled debris flow simulation method based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration includes the following steps:

[0117] Step 1: Experimental preparation and device construction;

[0118] Install the electric hydraulic lift platform 4 in place, and install the top of the slide-like debris flow channel on the electric hydraulic lift platform 4 to ensure that the channel is stable and the angle can be adjusted. The channel is arranged in the order of provenance area 1, circulation area 2, and accumulation area 3. Pre-place layered filling materials in provenance area 1, install a pulse dam-breaking device and material supply unit, and set a stress sensing layer in circulation area 2;

[0119] Build a steel frame 7, and install a variable-size rainfall module 14 on the steel frame 7;

[0120] Arrange a variable parameter sensor array in the circulation area 2 and install a three-dimensional structure scanning unit on the steel frame 7 to ensure the normal operation of each monitoring device and accurate data collection;

[0121] Connect the host computer with the multi-field collaborative control module, solid phase concentration adaptive module, and data fusion and visualization module to complete the system initialization settings and ensure normal communication between modules;

[0122] Step 2: Initial parameter setting and working condition preset;

[0123] Set the basic parameters required for the experiment in the host computer;

[0124] Utilize the multi-field coordinated control module to preset multi-stage loading conditions, including the timing synchronization scheme of the pulse dam-breaking device hydraulic power and material supply unit;

[0125] Step 3: Experiment start and data collection;

[0126] According to the preset working conditions, the variable particle size rainfall module 14 and the pulse dam breaking device are activated in sequence. Water is mixed with the preset filler to form a debris flow. The flow rate steps with different flow rates are achieved in a short time, simulating the initiation of a debris flow caused by sudden water injection.

[0127] The variable parameter sensor array collects various physical parameters in the flow area 2 in real time, and the three-dimensional structure scanning unit scans the shape of the fluid to obtain the three-dimensional motion data of the fluid. All collected data are transmitted to the host computer in real time;

[0128] Step 4: real-time control of solid phase concentration;

[0129] The solid phase concentration adaptive module uses the extended Kalman filter algorithm based on the collected monitoring data to invert the fluid solid phase concentration online at a frequency of ≥200Hz;

[0130] The system determines the current debris flow state based on preset flow state transition conditions. When the flow state does not meet the preset requirements, it automatically adjusts the particle transport rate and water flow rate to achieve real-time control of solid phase concentration, thereby maintaining or changing the flow state of the debris flow and realizing a cyclic simulation of the "thin-viscous-thin" flow state. During the control process, it continuously uses multi-dimensional monitoring data to correct the particle transport strategy in real time.

[0131] Step 5: Data processing and result display;

[0132] The data fusion and visualization module fuses multi-source monitoring data through a spatiotemporal convolutional neural network to generate three-dimensional motion trajectories of the fluid body, spatiotemporal cloud maps of rheological parameters, and simulation results of the accumulation morphology;

[0133] The host computer collects various data and simulation results during the experiment, stores them and performs offline analysis so that researchers can conduct in-depth analysis and research on the experimental results.

[0134] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0135] The above embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration, characterized in that: include: A model box system, the model box system comprising an electric hydraulic lifting platform (4) and a debris flow channel, the top of the debris flow channel being mounted on the electric hydraulic lifting platform (4), the debris flow channel being a slide-like structure and comprising, from top to bottom, a provenance area (1), a circulation area (2), and an accumulation area (3), the circulation area (2) being provided with a stress sensing layer; A multi-field coupling triggering system, comprising a steel frame (7), a variable particle size rainfall module (14), a pulsed dam-breaking device, and a material supply unit, wherein the steel frame (7) is arranged above the debris flow channel, the variable particle size rainfall module (14) is installed on the steel frame (7), and the pulsed dam-breaking device and the material supply unit are both arranged corresponding to the material source area (1); A multi-dimensional monitoring system (5), comprising a variable parameter sensor array and a three-dimensional structure scanning unit, wherein the variable parameter sensor array is arranged in the circulation area (2) and the three-dimensional structure scanning unit is mounted on the steel frame (7); An intelligent control system (6) includes a host computer, a multi-field collaborative control module, a solid phase concentration adaptive module, and a data fusion and visualization module.

2. The debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time control of solid phase concentration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric hydraulic lifting platform (4) comprises: A base (43), wherein a moving wheel (44) is mounted on the base (43); A platform (16), wherein the platform (16) is arranged directly above the base (43) and directly opposite to the base (43); A scissor-type lifting frame (45), wherein two groups of the scissor-type lifting frames (45) are connected by a fixing rod (41), and the scissor-type lifting frames (45) are arranged between the base (43) and the platform (16). The platform (16) and the base (43) are respectively slidably connected to a sliding seat. The top and bottom ends of the scissor-type lifting frames (45) each have an end point rotatably connected to the sliding seat via an axle pin (42), and the other end point is rotatably connected to the platform (16) and the base (43); An electric hydraulic cylinder (46), one end of the electric hydraulic cylinder (46) is rotatably connected to the base (43) via a pin shaft, the other end of the electric hydraulic cylinder (46) is rotatably connected to the fixed rod (41), and the axis of the electric hydraulic cylinder (46) is arranged at an angle to the base (43).

3. The debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time control of solid phase concentration according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rock flow channel comprises: A material source trough, the material source trough being fixed on the top surface of the platform (16); A splicing flow channel (21), the splicing flow channel (21) comprises a plurality of splicing grooves, the plurality of splicing grooves are connected in series in sequence, adjacent splicing grooves are connected by latches (22), and the splicing groove at the head end is connected to the source groove; A stacking trough, the stacking trough being docked with the splicing trough at the tail end; The stress sensing layer is arranged in the splicing groove, and the stress sensing layer includes a pressure sensitive coating and a pressure matrix sensor, and both the pressure sensitive coating and the pressure matrix sensor are arranged in the splicing groove.

4. The debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time control of solid phase concentration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The variable particle size rainfall module (14) includes an adjustable nozzle. A pipe is installed on the steel frame (7). The adjustable nozzle is provided in several groups. The several groups of adjustable nozzles are respectively fixed on the pipe through connecting pipes. The pipe is connected to a water supply device.

5. The debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time control of solid phase concentration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The pulse dam breaking device comprises: Pressure compensating water tank; A high-speed electromagnetic reversing valve (13), wherein the output end of the pressure compensation water tank is connected to the high-speed electromagnetic reversing valve (13) via a delivery pipe (12), and the output end of the high-speed electromagnetic reversing valve (13) is connected to a nozzle, and the nozzle is arranged corresponding to the source tank; A flow sensor is installed at the nozzle of the nozzle.

6. The debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time control of solid phase concentration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The material supply unit includes: a multi-bin type storage tank (15), wherein soil and rock particles of different particle sizes and properties are stored in the multi-bin type storage tank (15), and the multi-bin type storage tank (15) is installed on the source tank; Screw conveyors, each of which is installed in the silo body of the multi-silo storage tank (15); The metering system is connected to the screw conveyor and is used for quantitative feeding.

7. The debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional structure scanning unit includes: a multispectral three-dimensional laser scanner (51), wherein the multispectral three-dimensional laser scanner (51) is fixed on the steel frame (7); A high-speed camera (52) is fixed on the steel frame (7).

8. The debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time control of solid phase concentration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The variable parameter sensor array includes a viscometer, a density meter and a PIV speedometer arranged in the splicing groove.

9. A debris flow multi-field coupling simulation method based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration, based on the debris flow multi-field coupling simulation device based on real-time regulation of solid phase concentration according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Experimental preparation and device construction; The electric hydraulic lifting platform (4) is installed in place, and the top of the debris flow channel with a slide-like structure is installed on the electric hydraulic lifting platform (4) to ensure that the channel is stable and the angle can be adjusted. The channel is arranged in sequence according to the source area (1), the circulation area (2), and the accumulation area (3). Layered filling materials are pre-placed in the source area (1), a pulse dam breaking device and a material supply unit are installed, and a stress sensing layer is set in the circulation area (2); Building a steel frame (7), and installing a variable-size rainfall module (14) on the steel frame (7); Arrange a variable parameter sensor array in the circulation area (2), and install a three-dimensional structure scanning unit on the steel frame (7) to ensure that each monitoring device operates normally and data is collected accurately; Connect the host computer with the multi-field collaborative control module, solid phase concentration adaptive module, and data fusion and visualization module to complete the system initialization settings and ensure normal communication between modules; Step 2: Initial parameter setting and working condition preset; Set the basic parameters required for the experiment in the host computer; Utilize the multi-field coordinated control module to preset multi-stage loading conditions, including the timing synchronization scheme of the pulse dam-breaking device hydraulic power and material supply unit; Step 3: Experiment start and data collection; According to the preset working conditions, the variable particle size rainfall module (14) and the pulse dam breaking device are started in sequence, and water is mixed with the preset filler to form a debris flow, and flow steps with different flow rates are achieved in a short time to simulate the start of a debris flow caused by sudden water injection; The variable parameter sensor array collects various physical parameters in the flow area (2) in real time, and the three-dimensional structure scanning unit scans the shape of the fluid to obtain the three-dimensional motion data of the fluid, and all the collected data are transmitted to the host computer in real time; Step 4: real-time control of solid phase concentration; The solid phase concentration adaptive module uses the extended Kalman filter algorithm based on the collected monitoring data to invert the fluid solid phase concentration online at a frequency of ≥200Hz; The system determines the current debris flow state based on preset flow state transition conditions. When the flow state does not meet the preset requirements, it automatically adjusts the particle transport rate and water flow rate to achieve real-time control of solid phase concentration to maintain or change the flow state of the debris flow, realizing a cyclic simulation of the "thin-viscous-thin" flow state. During the control process, it continuously uses multi-dimensional monitoring data to correct the particle transport strategy in real time. Step 5: Data processing and result display; The data fusion and visualization module fuses multi-source monitoring data through a spatiotemporal convolutional neural network to generate three-dimensional motion trajectories of the fluid body, spatiotemporal cloud maps of rheological parameters, and simulation results of the accumulation morphology; The host computer collects various data and simulation results during the experiment, stores them and performs offline analysis so that researchers can conduct in-depth analysis and research on the experimental results.

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