Multifunctional monorail hoist track for coal mine tunnel and mounting method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional monorail hoist track for a coal mine tunnel and a mounting method thereof in the technical field of coal mine operation, the multifunctional monorail hoist track comprises an anchor rod, an anchor cable and a monorail hoist, the anchor cable is fixedly connected with the tail end of the anchor rod, and the tail end of the anchor rod is further fixedly connected with a hydraulic anchoring assembly and a self-locking anchor cable tray assembly; the other end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected with a modularized track assembly, an intelligent monitoring controller is arranged in the coal mine tunnel, and the hydraulic anchoring assembly is in signal connection with the intelligent monitoring controller. Through pre-assembly of the modular rail assembly on the ground, the installation difficulty is reduced, and the installation efficiency is improved. The hydraulic anchoring assembly and the self-locking type anchor cable tray assembly can be actively or passively triggered when the top of the coal mine roadway deforms, sinks or inclines, the fixing effect of the anchor rod and the anchor cable is enhanced, the rail is prevented from falling off, and the safety of the crane rail is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine operation, in particular to a multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels and an installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Coal mine roadway auxiliary transportation systems are a critical component of underground production. As the core load-bearing structure, the reliability of the monorail crane track directly impacts transportation efficiency and operational safety. Traditional monorail crane track systems often utilize segmented I-beam tracks suspended from the roadway roof by anchor rods and cables.

[0003] Traditional installation methods require track beams to be assembled at high altitudes, requiring multiple people to coordinate scaffolding or hand winches for lifting. This is cumbersome and inefficient. For example, track connections must be manually lifted to the installation height and secured, which is labor-intensive and prone to rework due to positioning errors. In complex geological conditions (such as soft rock, broken roofs, or steeply inclined tunnels), traditional anchor hanging methods are prone to track fall due to excessive anchor shear force or roof deformation, requiring frequent adjustment or reinforcement, increasing maintenance costs. In addition, track laying has strict requirements on tunnel height and curvature radius, and construction flexibility is insufficient. As shown in the installation standards for I140V and I140E monorail suspension tracks, although multiple anchor rods and cables are added to reinforce the track, the lack of automatic reinforcement devices in complex geological conditions can still result in track fall, or the need for frequent inspection and reinforcement wastes labor costs.

[0004] Due to the lack of unified installation standards in some mines, insufficient bolt strength at track connections and insufficient number or length of hanging chains can easily lead to track breakage or deformation, resulting in monorail crane derailments or falls. Traditional anchor rods are prone to shearing under high ground pressure or dynamic loads, especially in areas with soft rock or broken roofs. Insufficient anchor rod preload or improper anchor cable fixing methods can easily cause suspension system failure.

[0005] To this end, it is necessary to propose a multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels and its installation method that can accelerate track assembly and automatically adaptively reinforce anchor rods and cables according to the deformation of the coal mine tunnel roof. By combining multimodal data analysis with the LSTM model and constructing a track digital twin model, possible safety risks can be predicted. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels and an installation method thereof, which reduces the difficulty of installation and improves the installation efficiency by pre-assembling modular track components on the ground and quickly docking them in the air. The hydraulic anchoring assembly and the self-locking anchor cable tray assembly can be actively or passively triggered when the top of the coal mine tunnel is deformed, sinking or tilted, thereby enhancing the fixing effect of the anchor rods and anchor cables, preventing the track from falling off, and improving the safety of the crane track. The intelligent monitoring controller collects multimodal data and uses the LSTM model algorithm to make real-time predictions on the safety risks of the track, discover potential problems in advance, thereby avoiding accidents and ensuring the stability and reliability of coal mine tunnel transportation.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine lanes, comprising an anchor rod, an anchor cable, and a monorail crane, wherein the anchor cable is fixedly connected to the end of the anchor rod, the end of the anchor rod is also fixedly connected to a hydraulic anchor assembly and a self-locking anchor cable tray assembly, and the other end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected to a modular track assembly, an intelligent monitoring controller is provided in the coal mine lane, and the hydraulic anchor assembly is signal-connected to the intelligent monitoring controller;

[0008] Modular track components are pre-assembled on the ground and docked in mid-air through magnetic attraction. They adapt to curves through flexible hinge technology and bear the weight and wear of the monorail crane.

[0009] Hydraulic anchoring assembly, used to pre-tighten anchor rods and hydraulically tighten anchor rods when the top of the coal mine roadway deforms, sinks or tilts, and actively triggers the self-locking anchor cable tray assembly;

[0010] The self-locking anchor cable tray assembly is used to be passively triggered when the top of the coal mine roadway is deformed, sinks or tilted, or actively triggered by the hydraulic anchor assembly, thereby increasing the contact area and friction coefficient with the top of the coal mine roadway and locking the anchor rod end and anchor cable.

[0011] The principle of the basic solution is: when the top of the coal mine tunnel deforms, sinks or tilts, the hydraulic anchor assembly can tighten the anchor rod through the hydraulic system, thereby enhancing the anchor rod's fixing effect on the track. At the same time, the hydraulic anchor assembly can also actively trigger the self-locking anchor cable tray assembly, increasing its contact area and friction coefficient with the top of the coal mine tunnel, further improving the locking effect of the anchor rod and anchor cable, and ensuring the stability of the track. The modular track assembly is pre-assembled on the ground and quickly docked in the air through magnetic attraction. It uses flexible hinge technology to adapt to the curvature of the curve, which can effectively bear the operating weight and wear of the monorail crane and ensure safety and reliability during transportation. The entire system uses an intelligent monitoring controller to monitor and analyze relevant data of the track and anchor rod in real time, predict potential safety risks in advance, and thus achieve effective management and maintenance of the coal mine tunnel transportation system to ensure its safe and stable operation.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: 1. Through the ground pre-assembly and rapid docking of modular track components in the air, the complexity and labor intensity of high-altitude operations are reduced, and the risk of rework due to positioning errors is reduced.

[0013] 2. In the event of deformation of the coal mine tunnel roof, the hydraulic anchor assembly and self-locking anchor cable tray assembly can automatically adapt and reinforce, effectively preventing the track from falling off, improving the safety of the transportation system, and reducing maintenance costs and unplanned downtime.

[0014] 3. Use intelligent monitoring controllers to collect multimodal data, and combine them with LSTM models and track digital twin models to detect potential problems in advance, providing a more scientific and effective safety management method for coal mine tunnel transportation.

[0015] Furthermore, the modular track assembly includes several crane tracks, each of which has guide grooves on both sides, and each of which is paved with composite linings for reducing friction loss. Adjacent crane tracks are fixedly connected with corresponding magnetic interfaces and conical pins, and the crane tracks are provided with several flexible hinges, each of which has built-in multi-layer laminated springs and self-locking devices, and a protective cover is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the flexible hinge.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The composite lining laid in the guide grooves on both sides of the crane track can effectively reduce the friction loss between the monorail crane and the track during operation, reduce maintenance costs, and extend the service life of the track.

[0017] 2. Adjacent crane rails are fixedly connected by magnetic interfaces and tapered pins, which ensures the speed and accuracy of rail docking in the air, while enhancing the stability of the rail connection and avoiding safety hazards caused by loose connections during installation.

[0018] 3. The flexible hinges set on the crane track have built-in multi-layer laminated springs and self-locking devices, which can make the track adapt to the curvature of the curve, enhance the adaptability and flexibility of the track in complex tunnel environments, and ensure that the monorail crane can run smoothly in curved tunnels.

[0019] 4. The protective cover fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the flexible hinge provides additional protection for the track, preventing external impurities from entering the flexible hinge and causing damage, further improving the reliability and safety of the entire track system, and also helping to reduce noise and vibration during operation.

[0020] Furthermore, the hydraulic anchor assembly includes a base, the base is sleeved with the end of the anchor rod, an inclination sensor is fixedly connected to the base, a displacement sensor is also fixedly connected to the base, an annular hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top wall of the base, the annular hydraulic cylinder is sleeved with the anchor rod, an annular groove is opened inside the annular hydraulic cylinder, an annular piston is slidably fitted in the annular groove, the annular piston extends upward and is rotatably connected to a sleeve, a first magnetic ring is fixedly connected to the sleeve, the end of the anchor rod is threaded, the sleeve is sleeved with the anchor rod and the inner wall of the sleeve is matched with the anchor rod thread, the anchor rod below the sleeve The upper thread is sleeved with a pre-tightening nut, and a second magnetic ring is fixedly connected to the pre-tightening nut. The bottom wall of the sleeve is provided with radial ratchet teeth, and the direction of the radial ratchet teeth is toward the rotation direction when the sleeve descends. The top wall of the warning nut is provided with nut ratchet teeth that match the radial ratchet teeth. A self-locking washer is also sleeved on the anchor rod between the pre-tightening nut and the top of the coal mine tunnel. Liquid guide tubes are symmetrically connected on both sides of the annular groove, and the liquid guide tubes extend to one side of the annular hydraulic cylinder. The liquid guide tubes are respectively connected to a liquid pump, and the inclination sensor, displacement sensor and liquid pump are all connected to the signal of the intelligent monitoring controller.

[0021] The basic solution offers the following benefits: 1. Inclination and displacement sensors within the base monitor deformation, subsidence, or tilt of the mine roadway roof in real time, feeding this data back to the intelligent monitoring controller. If an anomaly is detected, the hydraulic anchor assembly quickly responds by automatically tightening the anchor bolts hydraulically, effectively preventing track loosening or falling due to changes in the roadway roof, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the track system.

[0022] 2. The coordinated use of an annular hydraulic cylinder, annular piston, sleeve, and threads allows for precise and powerful preload force to be applied to the anchor rod, ensuring a tight fixation between the anchor rod and the tunnel roof. The interaction between the first magnetic ring within the sleeve and the second magnetic ring within the preload nut further strengthens the connection between the sleeve and the preload nut, preventing the sleeve from loosening or rotating under load and ensuring a long-lasting and stable preload force. Furthermore, the coordination of the radial ratchet teeth with the nut ratchet teeth enables the sleeve to self-lock during descent, preventing it from rising on its own and reducing the preload force, providing reliable mechanical locking for the rail system.

[0023] 3. The hydraulic system, consisting of a hydraulic cylinder, fluid guide tube, and fluid pump, precisely controls the flow and pressure of the hydraulic oil according to the instructions of the intelligent monitoring controller, thereby achieving accurate drive and control of the annular piston and sleeve. This precise hydraulic control ensures the uniform application of anchor bolt preload, avoiding track deformation or uneven stress caused by uneven preload, improving the overall stability and load-bearing capacity of the track system, and also facilitating subsequent track installation and adjustment.

[0024] Furthermore, the self-locking anchor cable tray assembly includes an annular disk, the inner wall of the annular disk is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular hydraulic cylinder, the top wall of the annular disk is fixedly connected to the anchor cable drum, the anchor cable drum is fixedly sleeved with the base, the liquid guide tubes all pass through the anchor cable drum, the liquid pumps are fixedly connected to the side walls of the anchor cable drum, a plurality of circumferential telescopic grooves are opened in the annular disk, telescopic plates are slidably fitted in the telescopic grooves, telescopic rods are fixedly connected between adjacent telescopic plates, first rod sliding grooves that slide with corresponding telescopic rods are opened on the side walls of the telescopic grooves, a plurality of anchor cones are fixedly connected to the ends of the telescopic plates away from the anchor cable drum, and the telescopic plates are fixedly connected to the side walls of the telescopic grooves. The ends of the plates near the anchor cable cylinder are fixedly connected with push rods, and the ends of the push rods away from the telescopic plates are fixedly connected with driven wedges, and return springs are fixedly connected between the driven wedges and the telescopic groove walls, and the return springs are sleeved with corresponding push rods, and a number of pressure-releasing holes are opened on the bottom wall of the annular disk, and the pressure-releasing holes are slidably fitted with pressure-releasing springs, and telescopic guide rods are sleeved in the pressure-releasing springs, and the top ends of the pressure-releasing springs are fixedly connected with active wedges, and the top ends of the telescopic guide rods are fixedly connected with corresponding active wedges, and the active wedges are slidably fitted with the driven wedges, and the active wedges are provided with a second rod sliding groove parallel to the push rods.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: 1. Through the synergistic effect of the hydraulic anchor assembly and the self-locking anchor cable tray assembly, when the top of the coal mine tunnel is deformed, sinks or tilted, the telescopic plate can be automatically triggered to extend and retract, thereby expanding the contact area with the tunnel roof and enhancing friction, thereby more firmly anchoring the track system and improving the stability of the track.

[0026] 2. When the pressure on the tunnel roof changes, the cooperation between the compression spring and the active wedge and the driven wedge can achieve a certain degree of pressure relief and reset, avoiding damage to the track assembly due to excessive local force caused by concentrated pressure on the roof. At the same time, the reset spring ensures the timely reset of the telescopic plate and the anchor cone, ensuring that the anchor tray assembly can adapt to the dynamic changes of the tunnel roof and maintain a stable anchoring state.

[0027] 3. The self-locking anchor cable tray assembly is tightly integrated with the hydraulic anchor assembly. Through the drive of the hydraulic system and the connection of the anchor cable barrel, the installation and anchoring process of the anchor cable is simpler and more efficient, which reduces the complexity and labor intensity of manual operation and improves the installation speed and quality.

[0028] 4. The design of the active wedge, driven wedge and return spring enables the anchor cable tray assembly to achieve self-locking and stability when subjected to external force, preventing the anchor cable from loosening or falling off, enhancing the safety and reliability of the track system, effectively reducing the risk of track falling due to anchor cable failure, and ensuring the safety of coal mine tunnel transportation.

[0029] Furthermore, a water-wave-shaped pressure-yielding layer is paved on the bottom wall of the annular disk, and a pressure-yielding ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure-yielding layer. The pressure-yielding ring is fixedly connected to the pressure-yielding spring and the telescopic guide rod.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: 1. The water-wave-shaped pressure layer can buffer and disperse the pressure from the tunnel roof to a certain extent, avoiding excessive pressure concentration that may damage the annular disk or other components, and extending the service life of the anchor tray assembly.

[0031] 2. The pressure ring fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure layer is fixedly connected to the pressure spring and the telescopic guide rod, so that the entire anchor tray assembly has better flexibility and adaptability, can better adapt to the uneven surface of the tunnel roof, enhance the fit with the roof, and further improve the stability and reliability of the anchor tray assembly.

[0032] 3. When the tunnel roof undergoes slight deformation or displacement, the compression layer and the compression spring can absorb part of the energy, reducing the impact on the anchor rods and track system, and reducing the risk of loosening or failure of the anchor tray assembly due to sudden changes in roof pressure, thereby improving the safety of the entire track system.

[0033] 4. Through the buffering effect of the pressure-relieving layer and the pressure-relieving spring, the damage and replacement frequency of components caused by excessive pressure are reduced, the maintenance cost and maintenance workload are reduced, and the economic benefits and operating efficiency of the coal mine tunnel transportation system are improved.

[0034] Furthermore, a plurality of circumferentially arranged trigger grooves are provided at the bottom of the anchor cable barrel, and triangular triggers are rotatably connected in the trigger grooves, a trigger spring is fixedly connected to the top of the trigger and the inner wall of the trigger groove, and a connecting rod is hinged at the bottom end of the trigger, and the connecting rod radially extends through the corresponding second rod slide groove and is hinged to the driven wedge. The bottom end of the trigger close to the anchor rod passes through the anchor cable barrel wall close to the top wall of the pre-tightening nut, and the trigger is located on the movement path of the sleeve, and the top end of the trigger is hinged to a support rod, and a plurality of claw grooves are provided at the top of the anchor cable barrel, and fixed claws are hinged in the claw grooves, and the support rods pass through the anchor cable barrel wall and are hinged to the side of the fixed claw away from its claw end.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. When the roof of the coal mine tunnel is deformed, sinks or tilted, the trigger is triggered by the sleeve, which drives the driven wedge to move through the connecting rod, and then pushes the telescopic plate and the anchor cone to extend, expanding the contact area with the tunnel roof and enhancing friction, thereby anchoring the track system more firmly and improving the stability of the track.

[0036] 2. The combination of the trigger and the fixed claw can quickly lock the anchor cable when the track system is subjected to abnormal impact or tension to prevent the anchor cable from loosening or falling off, thereby enhancing the safety and reliability of the track system and effectively reducing the risk of track falling due to anchor cable failure.

[0037] 3. This design allows the anchor cable tray assembly to automatically adapt to the conditions of the roadway roof during installation, eliminating the need for additional manual adjustments and complex operating procedures, thereby improving installation efficiency. Furthermore, the locking mechanism of the trigger and fixed claw ensures the long-term reliability of the anchor cable and reduces the workload of maintenance and overhaul.

[0038] 4. Through the linkage mechanism of the trigger, connecting rod, and fixed claw, the anchor tray assembly can automatically adjust the anchoring state according to the pressure changes and displacement of the roadway roof, achieving adaptive anchoring. This adaptive capability enables the track system to better cope with complex geological conditions and dynamically changing roadway environments, ensuring that the track is always in a stable anchoring state.

[0039] Furthermore, the intelligent monitoring controller includes an acquisition module and an early warning module;

[0040] Acquisition module, used to collect multimodal data related to crane tracks and anchors;

[0041] The early warning module is used to predict the safety risks of crane tracks based on the collected track strain and deformation information, combined with vibration spectrum data, using the LSTM model, and constructing a track digital twin model to predict the life of the crane tracks.

[0042] The basic solution has the following benefits: The intelligent monitoring and controller enables real-time monitoring and intelligent analysis of the track system, promptly identifying anomalies and taking corrective action. This significantly improves the reliability and safety of the coal mine's roadway transportation system, ensuring safe and efficient coal mine production. It also provides data support for coal mine management, enabling them to develop more reasonable and efficient maintenance plans and production schedules based on prediction results and track status information, optimizing resource allocation and improving economic efficiency.

[0043] Furthermore, the acquisition module includes a fiber optic sensor for monitoring track strain, a lidar for scanning track deformation, a torque sensor for detecting crane track torque, an inclination sensor for detecting changes in the inclination of the top of the coal mine tunnel, a displacement sensor for detecting the sleeve progress and warning nut position, and a vibration sensor for collecting vibration spectrum data.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: the acquisition module integrates a variety of high-precision sensors, which can monitor various key indicators of crane tracks and anchor rods in an all-round and real-time manner, including track strain, deformation, torque, inclination change, sleeve progress, warning nut position and vibration spectrum, etc., to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data collection, and provide reliable data support for subsequent safety risk prediction and life assessment.

[0045] Furthermore, the early warning module includes a spectrum analysis unit, an LSTM model unit, and a track digital twin model unit.

[0046] Spectrum analysis unit, used to identify 5-20Hz characteristic frequencies and mark rail bolt loosening signals;

[0047] LSTM model unit, used to generate three-dimensional track deformation heat maps and predict track safety risks in advance;

[0048] The track digital twin model unit is used for a 1:1 virtual track model and combined with the LSTM model to predict the remaining life of the track and reduce the unplanned downtime rate.

[0049] The basic solution's beneficial effect is that the three components of the early warning module work together to achieve comprehensive functionality, from problem identification to risk prediction and lifespan assessment. This not only improves rail system operation and maintenance efficiency, but also reduces production interruptions caused by sudden failures, lowers overall maintenance costs, and ensures the stable operation of the coal mine roadway transportation system.

[0050] A method for installing a multifunctional monorail crane track for a coal mine tunnel comprises the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Ground pre-assembly: Use a laser alignment device to adjust the straightness of the track unit;

[0052] Step 2: Track hoisting: The hoisting robot arm grabs the modular track components and performs magnetic attraction and latch docking in mid-air;

[0053] Step 3: Anchor activation: The hydraulic cylinder applies initial preload force to the preload nut, and the intelligent monitoring controller activates the inclination sensor and displacement sensor;

[0054] Step 4. Verification: Use a torque sensor to verify the connection points, and upload the data to the early warning module to build a track digital twin model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a multifunctional monorail crane track for a coal mine tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the acquisition module of the intelligent monitoring controller in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the early warning module of the intelligent monitoring controller in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 4 The figure is a flow chart of a method for installing a multifunctional monorail crane track for a coal mine tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 5 It is an axonometric view of the hydraulic anchor assembly and the self-locking anchor cable tray assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 6 It is a side cross-sectional view of a hydraulic anchor assembly and a self-locking anchor cable tray assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of part A.

[0062] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. anchor rod; 2. anchor cone; 3. telescopic plate; 4. annular disk; 5. liquid guide tube; 6. liquid pump; 7. fixing claw; 8. anchor cable; 9. anchor cable tube; 10. base; 11. support rod; 12. displacement sensor; 13. inclination sensor; 14. first magnetic ring; 15. annular piston; 16. annular groove; 17. sleeve; 18. trigger spring; 19. trigger; 20. connecting rod; 21. pre-tightening nut; 22. second magnetic ring; 23. self-locking washer; 24. yield layer; 25. yield ring; 26. telescopic guide rod; 27. yield spring; 28. yield hole; 29. ​​active wedge; 30. driven wedge; 31. return spring; 32. push rod; 33. telescopic groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Basically as attached Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 The figure shows a multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine lanes, comprising an anchor rod 1, an anchor cable 8, and a monorail crane. The anchor cable 8 is connected to the end of the anchor rod 1, to which a hydraulic anchor assembly and a self-locking anchor cable tray assembly are welded. The other end of the anchor cable 8 is connected to a modular track assembly. An intelligent monitoring controller is provided in the coal mine lane, and the hydraulic anchor assembly is connected to the intelligent monitoring controller by signal.

[0066] The modular track assembly is used for pre-assembly on the ground and docking with adjacent tracks through magnetic attraction in the air. It adapts to the curvature of the curve through flexible hinge technology and bears the weight and wear of the monorail crane. The modular track assembly includes several crane tracks. Guide grooves are opened on both sides of the crane tracks. Composite linings are laid in the guide grooves to reduce friction loss. Corresponding magnetic interfaces and tapered pins are welded between adjacent crane tracks. The crane tracks are equipped with several flexible hinges. The flexible hinges are equipped with multi-layer laminated springs and self-locking devices. Protective covers are bonded to the outer periphery of the flexible hinges.

[0067] The hydraulic anchoring assembly is used to pre-tighten the anchor rod 1 and hydraulically tighten the anchor rod 1 when the top of the coal mine tunnel is deformed, sunk or tilted, and actively trigger the self-locking anchor cable tray assembly. The hydraulic anchoring assembly includes a base 10, which is sleeved with the end of the anchor rod 1. A tilt sensor 13 is installed in the base 10, and a displacement sensor 12 is also installed in the base 10. An annular hydraulic cylinder is welded to the top wall of the base 10, which is sleeved with the anchor rod 1. An annular groove 16 is opened inside the annular hydraulic cylinder, and an annular piston 15 is slidably fitted in the annular groove 16. The annular piston 15 extends upward and is rotatably connected to a sleeve 17. A first magnetic ring 14 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 17. The end of the anchor rod 1 is threaded, and the sleeve 17 is screwed to the The anchor rod 1 is sleeved and the inner wall of the sleeve 17 is threadedly matched with the anchor rod 1. A pre-tightening nut 21 is threadedly sleeved on the anchor rod 1 below the sleeve 17, and a second magnetic ring 22 is installed in the pre-tightening nut 21. The bottom wall of the sleeve 17 is provided with radial ratchets, and the direction of the radial ratchets is toward the rotation direction when the sleeve 17 is lowered. The top wall of the warning nut is provided with nut ratchets that match the radial ratchets. A self-locking washer 23 is also sleeved on the anchor rod 1 between the pre-tightening nut 21 and the top of the coal mine tunnel. The annular groove 16 is symmetrically connected with liquid guide tubes 5 on both sides. The liquid guide tubes 5 extend to one side of the annular hydraulic cylinder. The liquid guide tubes 5 are respectively connected to the liquid pump 6. The inclination sensor 13, the displacement sensor 12 and the liquid pump 6 are all connected to the intelligent monitoring controller signal.

[0068] The self-locking anchor cable tray assembly is used to be passively triggered when the top of the coal mine tunnel is deformed, sunk or tilted, or actively triggered by the hydraulic anchor assembly to increase the contact area and friction coefficient with the top of the coal mine tunnel, and lock the end of the anchor rod 1 and the anchor cable 8. The self-locking anchor cable tray assembly includes an annular disk 4, the inner wall of the annular disk 4 is welded to the bottom of the annular hydraulic cylinder, the top wall of the annular disk 4 is welded with an anchor cable drum 9, the anchor cable drum 9 is fixedly sleeved with the base 10, the liquid guide tubes 5 all pass through the anchor cable drum 9, the liquid pumps 6 are all welded to the side walls of the anchor cable drum 9, and a number of circumferential telescopic grooves 33 are opened in the annular disk 4, and the telescopic grooves 33 are all The telescopic plate 3 is slidably matched, and a telescopic rod is welded between adjacent telescopic plates 3. The side walls of the telescopic groove 33 are provided with a first rod slide groove that slides with the corresponding telescopic rod. The end of the telescopic plate 3 away from the anchor cable tube 9 is welded with a number of anchor cones 2. The end of the telescopic plate 3 close to the anchor cable tube 9 is welded with a push rod 32. The end of the push rod 32 away from the telescopic plate 3 is welded with a driven wedge 30. A return spring 31 is welded between the driven wedge 30 and the wall of the telescopic groove 33. The return spring 31 is sleeved with the corresponding push rod 32. A number of pressure holes 28 are opened on the bottom wall of the annular disk 4. The pressure holes 28 are all slidable. It is equipped with a pressure spring 27, which is covered with a telescopic guide rod 26. The top of the pressure spring 27 is welded with an active wedge 29, and the top of the telescopic guide rod 26 is welded with the corresponding active wedge 29. The active wedge 29 slides with the driven wedge 30, and the active wedge 29 has a second rod slot parallel to the push rod 32; the bottom wall of the annular disk 4 is paved with a water-wave-shaped pressure-releasing layer 24, and the inner wall of the pressure layer 24 is bonded with a pressure ring 25, which is welded to the pressure spring 27 and the telescopic guide rod 26; the bottom of the anchor cable tube 9 is provided with a number of circumferentially arranged trigger grooves, which are all rotatably connected in the trigger grooves. There is a triangular trigger 19, and a trigger spring 18 is welded to the top of the trigger 19 and the inner wall of the trigger groove. The bottom end of the trigger 19 is hinged with a connecting rod 20, and the connecting rod 20 extends radially through the corresponding second rod slide groove and is hinged to the driven wedge 30. The bottom end of the trigger close to the anchor rod 1 passes through the wall of the anchor cable tube 9 close to the top wall of the pre-tightening nut 21. The trigger 19 is located on the movement path of the sleeve 17. The top of the trigger is hinged with a support rod 11. A plurality of claw grooves are opened on the top of the anchor cable tube 9, and fixed claws 7 are hinged in the claw grooves. The support rods 11 pass through the wall of the anchor cable tube 9 and are hinged to the side of the fixed claw 7 away from its claw end.

[0069] The specific implementation process is as follows: A complete coal mine roadway monorail crane system includes a crane track, a monorail crane, and anchor rods 1 and cables 8 that secure the crane track to the roadway roof. In actual installation, the track is traditionally hoisted in sections and assembled and fixed at high altitude. This is not only difficult to install, requiring repeated manual calibration of the track curvature, but also poses certain safety risks.

[0070] Therefore, the present invention optimizes the traditional crane track into a modular crane track. Through pre-assembly on the ground, the curvature of the crane track is pre-adjusted by flexible hinge technology to adapt to the curvature of the coal mine tunnel. Then, during high-altitude installation, the crane track is docked through a magnetic interface and a conical pin, and then the crane track is fixedly connected to improve the efficiency and safety of the installation.

[0071] The traditional track anchoring system is to drive the anchor rod 1 into the wall and connect the anchor cable 8 to the anchor rod 1 to suspend the crane track. Although there are many ways to fix and suspend the anchor rod 1, in coal mine tunnels with complex geological conditions, under dynamic deformation conditions such as roof sinking and surrounding rock crushing, the anchor rod 1 is prone to loosening, resulting in serious chain reactions.

[0072] like Figure 5 As shown, in the present invention, the base 10 is welded to the end of the anchor rod 1. When the tunnel top is deformed, the inclination sensor 13 in the base 10 detects the angle change and uploads it to the intelligent monitoring controller. The intelligent monitoring controller first controls the liquid pump 6 to pump out the liquid in the annular hydraulic cylinder, and the annular piston 15 in the annular groove 16 descends to drive the sleeve 17 downward. Since the sleeve 17 cooperates with the thread on the anchor rod 1, the sleeve 17 rotates radially during the downward driving process, and the radial ratchet on the bottom wall of the sleeve 17 finally engages with the nut ratchet, so that the pre-tightening nut 21 is also subjected to liquid pressure, and drives the pre-tightening nut 21 to tighten the anchor rod 1 to provide a force to resist loosening.

[0073] When the situation has stabilized, the intelligent monitoring controller controls the liquid pump 6 to pump liquid to lift the sleeve 17. The engagement of the radial ratchet and the nut ratchet ensures that the pre-tightening nut 21 will not loosen when the sleeve 17 is reversed and lifted. The self-locking washer 23 under the pre-tightening nut 21 can also prevent the pre-tightening nut 21 from loosening, thereby maintaining a long-term pre-tightening force. The first magnetic ring 14 in the sleeve 17 and the second magnetic ring 22 in the pre-tightening nut 21 cooperate with the displacement sensor 12 to allow the intelligent monitoring controller to accurately sense the displacement of the two, so that the pre-tightening force can be accurately calculated according to the pitch of the thread to dynamically resist the strain at the top of the tunnel, such as Figure 6 shown.

[0074] During this process, when the top of the tunnel is deformed, it will put pressure on the base 10 and the annular disk 4, and even damage these structures. Therefore, an elastic wave-shaped pressure-relief layer 24 is laid on the bottom of the annular disk 4, such as Figure 7As shown, the pressure-releasing ring 25 in the pressure-releasing layer 24 is connected with the pressure-releasing spring 27. When the deformation displacement distance of the roadway top is small, such as <5mm, the pressure-releasing layer 24 is recessed, and the pressure-releasing ring 25 compresses the pressure-releasing spring 27, without directly applying pressure to the annular disk 4 and the base 10 to cause loosening or damage. When the deformation displacement distance is ≥5mm, the pressure-releasing spring 27 pushes the active wedge 29 upward through the pressure-releasing hole 28, and the driven wedge 30 is pushed upward by the compression of the active wedge 29. The annular disk 4 moves on the periphery, and the driven wedge 30 extends the telescopic plate 3 from the telescopic groove 33 to the periphery of the annular disk 4 through the push rod 32, thereby increasing the contact area between the annular disk 4 and the top of the coal mine tunnel, and stabilizing it. The anchor cone 2 at the end of the telescopic plate 3 can also penetrate the wall to provide stronger gripping force. The telescopic rod ensures that multiple telescopic plates 3 in the same annular disk 4 can be extended synchronously. The reset spring 31 and the trigger spring 18 are both for resetting the driven wedge 30 and the trigger 19.

[0075] When the driven wedge 30 is pushed outward, it will pull the pull rod to move axially in the second slide rod groove, thereby driving the corresponding trigger 19 hinged in the trigger groove. At the same time, the trigger 19 rotates to lift the support rod 11 at the top of the trigger 19. The support rod 11 lifts up and pushes one end of the fixed claw 7 so that the claw ends thereof are combined, locking the anchor rod 1 and the anchor cable 8, thereby enhancing the stability of the overall structure.

[0076] The above process is the process of passively triggering the self-locking anchor cable assembly, while the active triggering is that the downward moving sleeve 17 pushes the trigger 19 extending from the bottom of the annular disk 4, thereby promoting the rotation of the trigger 19 in the trigger groove, driving the connecting rod 20 to push the driven wedge 30 toward the periphery to extend the telescopic plate 3, and push the support rod 11 upward to close the fixing claw 7 to fix the anchor cable 8.

[0077] Therefore, based on the above two anchoring components, a stable force can be automatically provided to the anchor rod 1 and anchor cable 8 that are displaced at the top of the tunnel, thereby avoiding the safety risk of loosening, enabling the crane track to better cope with complex geological conditions and dynamically changing tunnel environments, and ensuring that the crane track is always in a stable anchoring state.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown: the intelligent monitoring controller includes an acquisition module for collecting multimodal data related to the crane track and the anchor rod 1. The acquisition module includes an optical fiber sensor for monitoring track strain, a laser radar for scanning track deformation, a torque sensor for detecting the torque of the crane track, an inclination sensor 13 for detecting the inclination change of the top of the coal mine tunnel, a displacement sensor 12 for detecting the progress of the sleeve 17 and the position of the warning nut, and a vibration sensor for collecting vibration spectrum data.

[0080] The early warning module is used to predict the safety risks of crane tracks based on the collected track strain and deformation information, combined with vibration spectrum data, using the LSTM model, and constructing a track digital twin model to predict the life of the crane tracks. The early warning module includes a spectrum analysis unit, an LSTM model unit, and a track digital twin model unit. The spectrum analysis unit is used to identify the 5-20Hz characteristic frequency and mark the loosening signal of the track bolts; the LSTM model unit is used to generate a three-dimensional deformation heat map of the track and predict track safety risks in advance; the track digital twin model unit is used for a 1:1 virtual track model, combined with the LSTM model to predict the remaining life of the track and reduce the unplanned downtime rate.

[0081] The specific implementation process is as follows: The fiber optic sensor in the acquisition module is deployed on the crane track to monitor the strain of the track in real time. When the track is subjected to load or deformation, the fiber optic sensor can sense the changes in the propagation characteristics of light in the optical fiber, thereby accurately measuring the degree of strain of the track; the laser radar scans the shape and position of the track to obtain the three-dimensional deformation data of the track. By performing high-precision laser scanning on the track surface, the geometric shape changes of the track, such as bending and twisting, can be detected quickly and accurately, providing an intuitive basis for evaluating the overall state of the track; the torque sensor is installed on the connection part of the crane track or related transmission components to detect the torque applied to the track. The torque sensor can monitor the torque changes caused by the traction, braking and other operations of the crane during operation in real time, helping to judge the tightness and safety of the track connection; the vibration sensor is installed on the crane track or related equipment to collect the vibration spectrum data of the track. The vibration sensor can capture the vibration signal of the track during operation and convert it into an electrical signal output. By analyzing the vibration spectrum, abnormal conditions such as periodic vibration and impact vibration in the track system can be identified, and the operating status and potential faults of the equipment can be judged, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0082] Tilt sensor 13 is positioned within base 10 near the roof of the coal mine tunnel to monitor changes in its inclination. This sensor accurately measures the inclination of the tunnel roof, enabling timely detection of roof deformation caused by geological changes or mining activities, and providing sufficiently sensitive data for activating the annular hydraulic cylinder. Displacement sensor 12 monitors the progress of sleeve 17 on anchor bolt 1 and warns of changes in the position of the warning nut, thereby determining the preload status of anchor bolt 1 and the operating status of the anchor cable tray assembly, providing data support for assessing the stability of the anchor system.

[0083] The early warning module uses the LSTM model to predict the safety risks of crane tracks based on the collected track strain and deformation information, combined with vibration spectrum data, and builds a track digital twin model to predict the life of the crane tracks and issue early warning signals so that appropriate measures can be taken to ensure the safe operation of the track system. Figure 3 shown.

[0084] The spectrum analysis unit analyzes the spectrum data collected by the vibration sensor, focusing on identifying signals within the characteristic frequency range of 5-20Hz, marking the characteristic frequency signals of loose track bolts. When this characteristic frequency signal is detected, it promptly detects loose bolts and issues an alarm, prompting personnel to tighten them to prevent track connection failure caused by loose bolts.

[0085] The LSTM model unit utilizes a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model to perform deep learning and analysis on collected track strain, deformation, and vibration spectrum data. The LSTM model automatically extracts features and patterns from the data, generating a three-dimensional track deformation heat map that visually displays the degree of deformation and safety risk distribution at various track locations. By learning from historical and real-time data, the model can proactively predict potential safety risks facing the track, providing coal mining companies with ample time to implement preventative measures.

[0086] The track digital twin model unit constructs a virtual track model that corresponds 1:1 to the actual crane track and maps collected real-time data to the virtual model. By integrating this with the LSTM model, simulation analysis and prediction are performed on the virtual track model to determine the track's remaining service life. Based on these predictions, coal mining companies can rationally plan track maintenance and replacement, reducing unplanned downtime and improving production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 4 As shown: A method for installing a multifunctional monorail crane track for a coal mine tunnel, based on the multifunctional monorail crane track for a coal mine tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 9 above, comprising the following steps:

[0089] Step 1: Ground pre-assembly: Use a laser alignment device to adjust the straightness of the track unit;

[0090] Step 2: Track hoisting: The hoisting robot arm grabs the modular track components and performs magnetic attraction and latch docking in mid-air;

[0091] Step 3: Anchor activation: The hydraulic cylinder applies an initial preload force to the preload nut 21, and the intelligent monitoring controller activates the inclination sensor 13 and the displacement sensor 12;

[0092] Step 4. Verification: Use a torque sensor to verify the connection points, and upload the data to the early warning module to build a track digital twin model.

[0093] The specific experimental process is as follows: Crane rail installation test experiment

[0094] 1. Experimental Purpose

[0095] 1. Verify the rapid installation efficiency and curve adaptability of modular track components.

[0096] 2. Test the dynamic preload compensation capability of the hydraulic anchor assembly.

[0097] 3. Evaluate the stability and contact area expansion effect of the self-locking anchor cable tray under top plate deformation.

[0098] 4. Check the fault prediction accuracy and response time of the intelligent monitoring controller.

[0099] 2. Experimental Environment and Equipment

[0100] Simulated coal mine tunnel, lifting robotic arm, laser calibrator, vibration generator, fiber optic sensor, lidar, intelligent monitoring controller, and high-precision pressure sensor.

[0101] 3. Experimental steps

[0102] 1. Modular track installation efficiency test

[0103] (1) Pre-assemble 10 track units on the ground and record the pre-calibration time.

[0104] (2) Use a lifting robotic arm to complete aerial docking and measure the single-segment installation time and docking accuracy.

[0105] (3) Repeat the installation in the straight and curved areas respectively, and calculate the total time and number of manual interventions.

[0106] 2. Dynamic adaptability test of hydraulic anchor components

[0107] (1) Apply an initial preload of 200 kN and simulate a 0-150 mm sinking by using the top plate sinking device.

[0108] (2) Record the hydraulic system compensation response time and preload fluctuation range.

[0109] (3) Cut off the power supply of the main hydraulic circuit and test the switching time and compensation effect of the backup circuit.

[0110] 3. Self-locking anchor cable tray stability test

[0111] (1) Gradually increase the amount of top plate sinking to three gradients of 5 mm, 20 mm, and 50 mm, and measure the expansion ratio of the contact area.

[0112] (2) Apply lateral vibration of 5-20 Hz and record the embedding depth of the anchor cone 2 and the amount of tray slip.

[0113] (3) Reset the top plate and check the retraction state of the telescopic plate 3 and the effectiveness of the reset spring 31.

[0114] 4. Intelligent monitoring system performance verification

[0115] (1) Artificially create faults such as loose bolts and track misalignment, and record the system warning time and accuracy.

[0116] (2) Compare the lifespan predicted by the digital twin model with the actual wear data and calculate the error rate.

[0117] The results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0118] Table 1. Test results of multifunctional monorail crane track installation for coal mine tunnels

[0119]

[0120] After using modular crane tracks, the installation speed increased by 60%, the curve adaptability met the design requirements, the dynamic compensation response time of the hydraulic anchor assembly was ≤0.4 seconds, the preload stability was 90% better than the traditional solution, the contact area of ​​the self-locking anchor tray assembly expanded by 3.2 times after it was fully deployed, the embedded depth of the anchor cone 2 effectively suppressed the risk of slippage, the fault warning accuracy of the intelligent monitoring controller was 93%, and the error of the digital twin model was <4%, significantly reducing the unplanned downtime rate.

[0121] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0122] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. Common knowledge such as the known specific structures and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. Ordinary technicians in the field are aware of all common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental means before that date. Ordinary technicians in the field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the inspiration given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels, comprising an anchor rod (1), an anchor cable (8) and a monorail crane, characterized in that: The anchor cable (8) is fixedly connected to the end of the anchor rod (1), and the end of the anchor rod (1) is also fixedly connected to a hydraulic anchor assembly and a self-locking anchor cable tray assembly. The other end of the anchor cable (8) is fixedly connected to a modular track assembly. An intelligent monitoring controller is provided in the coal mine tunnel, and the hydraulic anchor assembly is connected to the intelligent monitoring controller by signal. Modular track components are pre-assembled on the ground and docked in mid-air through magnetic attraction. They adapt to curves through flexible hinge technology and bear the weight and wear of the monorail crane. A hydraulic anchoring assembly is used for pre-tightening an anchor rod (1), and hydraulically tightening the anchor rod (1) when deformation, sinking or tilting occurs at the top of a coal mine tunnel, and actively triggering a self-locking anchor cable tray assembly; A self-locking anchor cable tray assembly is used to be passively triggered when the top of a coal mine roadway is deformed, sinks or tilted, or actively triggered by a hydraulic anchor assembly, thereby increasing the contact area and friction coefficient with the top of the coal mine roadway and locking the end of the anchor rod (1) and the anchor cable (8).

2. The multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modular track assembly includes several crane tracks. Guide grooves are opened on both sides of the crane tracks. Composite linings are laid in the guide grooves to reduce friction loss. Adjacent crane tracks are fixedly connected with corresponding magnetic interfaces and conical pins. The crane tracks are provided with several flexible hinges. The flexible hinges are equipped with multi-layer laminated springs and self-locking devices. Protective covers are fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the flexible hinges.

3. The multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic anchor assembly comprises a base (10), the base (10) is sleeved with the end of the anchor rod (1), an inclination sensor (13) is fixedly connected in the base (10), a displacement sensor (12) is also fixedly connected in the base (10), an annular hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top wall of the base (10), the annular hydraulic cylinder is sleeved with the anchor rod (1), an annular groove (16) is opened inside the annular hydraulic cylinder, an annular piston (15) is slidably fitted in the annular groove (16), the annular piston (15) extends upward and is rotatably connected to a sleeve (17), a first magnetic ring (14) is fixedly connected in the sleeve (17), a thread is opened at the end of the anchor rod (1), the sleeve (17) is sleeved with the anchor rod (1), and the inner wall of the sleeve (17) is threadedly fitted with the anchor rod (1), and the sleeve A pre-tightening nut (21) is threadedly sleeved on the anchor rod (1) below (17), and a second magnetic ring (22) is fixedly connected inside the pre-tightening nut (21). A radial ratchet is provided on the bottom wall of the sleeve (17), and the direction of the radial ratchet is toward the rotation direction of the sleeve (17) when it descends. A nut ratchet that matches the radial ratchet is provided on the top wall of the warning nut. A self-locking washer (23) is also sleeved on the anchor rod (1) between the pre-tightening nut (21) and the top of the coal mine tunnel. Liquid guide tubes (5) are symmetrically connected on both sides of the annular groove (16). The liquid guide tubes (5) extend to one side of the annular hydraulic cylinder. The liquid guide tubes (5) are respectively connected to a liquid pump (6). The inclination sensor (13), the displacement sensor (12) and the liquid pump (6) are all connected to the intelligent monitoring controller signal.

4. The multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-locking anchor cable tray assembly comprises an annular disk (4), the inner wall of the annular disk (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular hydraulic cylinder, the top wall of the annular disk (4) is fixedly connected to an anchor cable drum (9), the anchor cable drum (9) is fixedly sleeved with the base (10), the liquid guide tubes (5) all pass through the anchor cable drum (9), the liquid pumps (6) are fixedly connected to the side walls of the anchor cable drum (9), a plurality of circumferential telescopic grooves (33) are opened in the annular disk (4), telescopic plates (3) are slidably fitted in the telescopic grooves (33), and telescopic rods are fixedly connected between adjacent telescopic plates (3), the side walls of the telescopic grooves (33) are opened with first rod sliding grooves that are slidably fitted with corresponding telescopic rods, the ends of the telescopic plates (3) away from the anchor cable drum (9) are fixedly connected to a plurality of anchor cones (2), and the ends of the telescopic plates (3) close to the anchor cable drum (9) are fixedly connected to the first rod sliding grooves that are slidably fitted with corresponding telescopic rods. A push rod (32) is provided. The end of the push rod (32) away from the telescopic plate (3) is fixedly connected with a driven wedge (30). A return spring (31) is fixedly connected between the driven wedge (30) and the wall of the telescopic groove (33). The return spring (31) is sleeved with the corresponding push rod (32). A plurality of pressure holes (28) are opened on the bottom wall of the annular disk (4). The pressure holes (28) are slidably matched with pressure springs (27). A telescopic guide rod (26) is sleeved in the pressure spring (27). The top of the pressure spring (27) is fixedly connected with an active wedge (29). The top of the telescopic guide rod (26) is fixedly connected with the corresponding active wedge (29). The active wedge (29) is slidably matched with the driven wedge (30). The active wedge (29) is provided with a second rod sliding groove parallel to the push rod (32).

5. The multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom wall of the annular disk (4) is paved with a water-wave-shaped pressure-releasing layer (24), the inner wall of which is fixedly connected with a pressure-releasing ring (25), which is fixedly connected with a pressure-releasing spring (27) and a telescopic guide rod (26).

6. The multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the anchor cable tube (9) is provided with a plurality of circumferentially arranged trigger grooves, and a triangular trigger (19) is rotatably connected in each of the trigger grooves. The top of the trigger (19) and the inner wall of the trigger groove are fixedly connected with a trigger spring (18). The bottom end of the trigger (19) is hinged with a connecting rod (20), and the connecting rod (20) radially extends through the corresponding second rod sliding groove and is hinged with the driven wedge (30). The bottom end of the trigger (19) on the side close to the anchor rod (1) passes through the wall of the anchor cable tube (9) and is close to the top wall of the pre-tightening nut (21). The trigger (19) is located on the movement path of the sleeve (17). The top of the trigger (19) is hinged with a support rod (11). The top of the anchor cable tube (9) is provided with a plurality of claw grooves, and the claw grooves are hinged with a fixed claw (7). The support rod (11) passes through the wall of the anchor cable tube (9) and is hinged with the side of the fixed claw (7) away from its claw end.

7. The multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring controller includes an acquisition module and an early warning module. An acquisition module for acquiring multimodal data related to the crane track and the anchor rod (1); The early warning module is used to predict the safety risks of crane tracks based on the collected track strain and deformation information, combined with vibration spectrum data, using the LSTM model, and constructing a track digital twin model to predict the life of the crane tracks.

8. The multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that: The acquisition module includes an optical fiber sensor for monitoring rail strain, a laser radar for scanning rail deformation, a torque sensor for detecting crane rail torque, an inclination sensor (13) for detecting changes in the inclination of the top of a coal mine tunnel, a displacement sensor (12) for detecting the progress of a sleeve (17) and the position of an early warning nut, and a vibration sensor for collecting vibration spectrum data.

9. The multifunctional monorail crane track for coal mine tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that: The early warning module includes a spectrum analysis unit, an LSTM model unit, and a track digital twin model unit. Spectrum analysis unit, used to identify 5-20Hz characteristic frequencies and mark rail bolt loosening signals; LSTM model unit, used to generate three-dimensional track deformation heat maps and predict track safety risks in advance; The track digital twin model unit is used for a 1:1 virtual track model and combined with the LSTM model to predict the remaining life of the track and reduce the unplanned downtime rate.

10. A method for installing a multifunctional monorail crane track for a coal mine tunnel, based on the multifunctional monorail crane track for a coal mine tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Ground pre-assembly: Use a laser alignment device to adjust the straightness of the track unit; Step 2: Track hoisting: The hoisting robot arm grabs the modular track components and performs magnetic attraction and latch docking in mid-air; Step 3: Anchoring activation: The hydraulic cylinder applies an initial pre-tightening force to the pre-tightening nut (21), and the intelligent monitoring controller activates the inclination sensor (13) and the displacement sensor (12); Step 4. Verification: Use a torque sensor to verify the connection points, and upload the data to the early warning module to build a track digital twin model.

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