A method for producing annual asparagus roots in stages in a seedbed

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through a phased seedbed cultivation approach, relating to the field of asparagus planting technology. The method involves first cleaning uncoated asparagus seeds, soaking them in warm water, disinfecting them with carbendazim, and then germinating and sowing them. Organic fertilizer and garden soil are mixed in a specific ratio to prepare nutrient pots. A suitable plot of land is selected, a seedbed is prepared, and the nutrient pots are placed for sowing. After emergence, temperature and humidity are managed appropriately. When the seedlings are 3 months old, the above-ground stems and leaves are retained before harvesting the new shoots. Harvesting is stopped 60 days after the shoots are harvested, allowing all shoots to grow normally, promoting strong roots and seedlings. After frost, the above-ground stems and leaves are removed, and the one-year-old asparagus roots are harvested. The harvested above-ground stems are composted to produce fertilizer for application, and sodium humate is applied to improve the soil. This invention manages the one-year-old asparagus root seedbed while simultaneously harvesting asparagus shoots, increasing economic benefits during the seedling stage, and ensuring the normal production and sale of one-year-old asparagus roots, thus improving overall efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of asparagus cultivation technology, specifically a method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through phased seedbed cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Asparagus is a perennial crop. The traditional planting method usually involves cultivating asparagus seedlings in seedbeds. After the seedlings have grown for more than 50 days, they are transplanted into greenhouses for further growth management. The seedling stage lasts about one year, during which there is no economic income, and the input costs are high and the time is long. After two years of growth, the above-ground stems of asparagus can be harvested. The commercial asparagus shoots harvested should have a transverse diameter of more than 0.8 cm.

[0003] Because the seedling stage is time-consuming and costly, if growers directly purchase one-year-old asparagus roots for planting, they can start harvesting asparagus immediately, saving growers the management costs and time costs during the seedling stage. Therefore, the market prospects for cultivating one-year-old asparagus roots are broad.

[0004] The high cultivation cost of annual asparagus roots, coupled with the unsuitable high selling price, is the main reason restricting the development of this market. Therefore, increasing or reducing cultivation costs or improving seedling yields would help promote and apply annual asparagus roots on a large scale.

[0005] In the cultivation of annual asparagus roots, the use of self-made fertilizer reduces cultivation costs and improves cultivation techniques. Simultaneously, the innovative harvesting of young asparagus stems with a diameter between 0.3cm and 0.7cm helps increase the economic benefits of annual asparagus root cultivation. The harvested young stems are rich in various nutrients, have a tender texture, and can be eaten entirely without cutting, thus possessing high nutritional value.

[0006] However, the production of asparagus seedlings faces numerous technical challenges. On the one hand, existing asparagus cultivation techniques primarily focus on the cultivation and harvesting of mature asparagus, with relatively little research and development on seedlings, lacking a highly efficient production technology system specifically for them. Furthermore, traditional asparagus seedbed production methods suffer from a series of other problems. In the seed treatment stage, improper methods can easily lead to reduced seed germination rates and increased seedling diseases; the nutrient soil formulation lacks rationality, failing to provide suitable nutrients and soil environment for asparagus seedling growth; and unscientific seedbed management techniques negatively impact the yield and quality of asparagus seedlings. Simultaneously, the above-ground stems and leaves generated during asparagus cultivation are not properly disposed of, resulting not only in resource waste but also environmental pollution. Moreover, existing technologies lack effective solutions for improving land utilization and promoting the sustainable and healthy growth of asparagus, making it difficult to meet the demand for high-quality seedlings in high-quality asparagus cultivation.

[0007] Therefore, in order to overcome the low technology of cultivating annual asparagus roots, solve the problem of continuous harvesting of asparagus shoots, obtain asparagus shoot products stably, and meet the market demand for asparagus shoots, it is necessary to provide a new production method for annual asparagus roots, improve the overall benefits of asparagus planting, and solve the above-mentioned problems at the same time. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through phased seedbed cultivation. By optimizing seed treatment, seedbed management, fertilization, and waste disposal, the method improves the yield and quality of asparagus young stems, achieves resource recycling, reduces production costs, and makes full use of land resources to promote the healthy growth of asparagus.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through phased seedbed cultivation, comprising the following three stages based on the different growth stages of asparagus:

[0010] First stage: Seedling cultivation period

[0011] (1) Soaking seeds and promoting germination

[0012] Uncoated asparagus seeds should be washed and then soaked in warm water at 50℃-60℃ for 15-20 minutes. Afterward, disinfect them by soaking in a 220-280 times diluted solution of 45%-55% carbendazim wettable powder at room temperature for 2-3 hours. Rinse the seeds and soak them in water at 20℃-25℃ for 48-72 hours, rinsing and changing the water 2-3 times during soaking. Once the seeds have absorbed moisture, wrap them in multiple layers of damp gauze and keep them moist at 25℃-28℃ to promote germination. Rinse them 1-2 times daily. Sowing can begin when 20%-30% of the seeds show signs of sprouting. High-yielding, disease-resistant F1 varieties such as Jialu No. 1, Jialu No. 2, and Grande can be selected for asparagus seed selection. Soaking in 55℃ warm water for 15 minutes provides some sterilization and activates seed activity. Soaking in a 250 times diluted solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 2 hours effectively kills pathogens on the seed surface and reduces seedling diseases. Soak seeds in water at 20℃-25℃ for 48-72 hours, rinsing and changing the water as needed to ensure full water absorption and prevent anaerobic respiration that could produce alcohol that could poison the seeds. Maintain a moist environment at 25℃-28℃ to promote germination, rinsing daily to provide a suitable environment for germination and improve the germination rate. Sow seeds after 20%-30% of them have sprouted white hairs, ensuring they are in a suitable germination state at sowing.

[0013] (2) Preparation of nutrient pots

[0014] Mix organic fertilizer, garden soil, and rice husk ash in a 1:5:3 ratio by weight, sift, and then add compound fertilizer and carbendazim. Stir well to prepare nutrient pots with a diameter of 8-13 cm and a height of 20-30 cm. The 1:5:3 ratio of organic fertilizer, garden soil, and rice husk ash provides asparagus seedlings with abundant nutrients, good aeration, and water retention. The addition of compound fertilizer and carbendazim further supplements nutrients and prevents soil-borne diseases. The specific diameter and height of the nutrient pots provide suitable space for seedling root growth.

[0015] (3) Prepare the seedbed

[0016] Choose a flat, well-drained, and organic-rich sandy loam soil. Prepare the land into a rectangular seedbed and place the seedling pots neatly on the seedbed.

[0017] (4) Sowing

[0018] Plant one seed in each seedling pot to a depth of 1.8-2.2 cm, then cover with 0.3-0.5 cm of fine soil, followed by 2-3 cm of straw. Water thoroughly, then cover with a thin film to retain moisture. The emphasis on one seed per pot and controlling the planting depth and soil covering thickness ensures sufficient space for seed growth and promotes germination. Watering thoroughly and covering with a thin film helps regulate temperature and humidity, which is beneficial for seed germination.

[0019] (5) Management during the seedling stage

[0020] After sowing, water to keep the seedbed soil moist. Once 30% of the seedlings have emerged, remove the straw and mulch. Maintain a daytime temperature of 20-25℃ and a nighttime temperature of 15-18℃ around the seedbed in the greenhouse. Keep the seedbed soil moist to provide the necessary moisture for seed germination. Remove the straw and mulch after 30% of the seedlings have emerged to prevent scorching from excessive heat. Control the temperature around the seedbed in the greenhouse to provide a suitable environment for seedling growth.

[0021] Second stage: Young stem harvesting period

[0022] (6) Harvesting young asparagus stems

[0023] When the seedlings in the nursery pots reach 3-5 months of age, they are not transplanted but continue to be cultivated in the seedbed. At this time, new young stems will continue to sprout, and the new young stems can be harvested. When the young stems grow to about 12-18cm, they are harvested. Cutting off the above-ground stems and leaves to block vegetative growth can encourage the asparagus to concentrate its nutrients on the young stems, thereby increasing the yield and quality of the young stems and improving economic benefits.

[0024] The third stage is the period of strengthening seedlings and roots:

[0025] (7) Retaining stems and leaves

[0026] After harvesting for 60-70 days following step (6), stop harvesting, leave the stems and leaves to grow vegetatively, and encourage strong seedlings and roots. Allow the asparagus to accumulate nutrients for vegetative growth, resulting in strong seedlings and roots. Once the one-year-old asparagus roots are well-developed and suitable for sale, it will be ready for market.

[0027] (8) Harvest asparagus roots

[0028] When the seedlings reach 8 months of age, they gradually enter a dormant period. At this time, the above-ground stems of the asparagus can be cut off to harvest the asparagus roots.

[0029] (9) Apply fertilizer after composting

[0030] Collect the above-ground stems and leaves of asparagus, then compost the collected above-ground stems and leaves to form asparagus stem fertilizer, and fertilize the asparagus plants in step (7).

[0031] Preferably, in step (2), the mass concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer is 0.1%, and the mass fractions of N, P2O5, and K2O in the ternary compound fertilizer are 18%, 9%, and 18%, respectively; 10 mg of carbendazim is added per kilogram of dry soil. This step clearly defines the mass concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer as 0.1%, the mass fractions of N, P2O5, and K2O, and the amount of carbendazim added per kilogram of dry soil. This allows for precise control of the amount of fertilizer and fungicide used in the nutrient pot, meeting the nutrient requirements for asparagus growth while effectively preventing diseases and avoiding adverse effects on asparagus growth due to improper fertilizer and fungicide dosage. This ternary compound fertilizer contains 0.1 grams of this ternary compound fertilizer per 100 grams of solution or mixture. For example, if 1000 grams of a certain liquid fertilizer is prepared, the mass of this ternary compound fertilizer is 1 gram to ensure a mass concentration of 0.1%.

[0032] Preferably, in step (3), the width of the rectangular seedbed is 1-1.5m. Limiting the width of the rectangular seedbed to 1-1.5m in this step facilitates field management operations, such as watering, fertilizing, and weeding, and also helps to make rational use of land resources and improve the utilization efficiency of the seedbed.

[0033] Preferably, in step (5), after all the buds have emerged and grown into seedlings, the film is re-covered. When the seedlings reach a height of 15cm-20cm, ventilation is adopted without removing the film to allow the seedlings to adapt to the external environment. Re-covering the film after all the buds have emerged and grown into seedlings can protect the seedlings from adverse external environmental influences to a certain extent. When the seedlings reach a height of 15cm-20cm, ventilation without removing the film allows the seedlings to gradually adapt to changes in the external environment, enhances their resistance to adverse conditions, and reduces poor seedling growth caused by environmental changes.

[0034] Preferably, in step (6), the harvested asparagus stalks are 0.3-0.7 cm in diameter. In this embodiment, the above process requires extensive removal of the seedling stems and leaves to block nutrient supply, allowing the stalks to grow and facilitating harvesting. After harvesting the stalks, nutrient supply needs to be restored. The previously harvested seedling stems and leaves can be composted to prepare for subsequent nutrient supply, thus saving on additional fertilizer usage.

[0035] Preferably, the above-ground stems and leaves removed in steps (6) and (7) are collected and then processed according to the following steps:

[0036] S1. Use a guillotine to chop the asparagus stems into small pieces, with a length of 3-5cm;

[0037] S2. First, lay a 10-15cm thick layer of crushed asparagus stalks on the composting site, then sprinkle a thin and even layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then sprinkle a thin and even layer of microbial agent. Repeat this process layer by layer until the pile is 1.5-2m high. The microbial agent contains Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride. Add 0.5-1kg of microbial agent per square meter of composting area.

[0038] S3. During the composting process, the moisture content should be controlled at 50%-60%;

[0039] S4. During the composting process, monitor the compost temperature and adjust the turning frequency according to the temperature changes. In the early stage of composting, turn the compost every 2-3 days. When the temperature reaches above 50℃, the compost enters the high-temperature stage, and the compost is turned every 5-7 days. The high-temperature stage usually lasts for 1-2 weeks. When the temperature begins to drop, the compost enters the cooling stage, and the compost is turned every 10-15 days.

[0040] S5. When the compost moisture content drops below 35%, there is no raw material odor, only a slight ammonia smell, and the compost is dark brown, the composting is almost complete. Continue to observe for 15 days until the composting is complete, forming asparagus stem fertilizer.

[0041] In this embodiment, step S1: Crush the asparagus stems into 3-5cm pieces to increase the contact area between microorganisms and the stems during composting, thus accelerating the composting process. Step S2: Layer the crushed asparagus stems, livestock manure, and microbial agents. The livestock manure provides nitrogen and other nutrients for the compost, while the Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride in the microbial agents accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. Add 0.5-1kg of microbial agents per square meter of compost area to ensure sufficient microorganisms participate in the composting process. Step S3: Control the moisture content of the compost at 50%-60% to provide a suitable moisture environment for microbial growth and reproduction, ensuring the smooth progress of the composting process. Step S4: Adjust the turning frequency according to the temperature changes in the compost. Frequent turning in the early stages of composting increases oxygen content, promotes aerobic respiration of microorganisms, and accelerates decomposition. During the high-temperature stage, appropriately reduce the turning frequency to maintain a high-temperature environment to kill pathogens and insect eggs. During the cooling stage, adjust the turning frequency again to ensure uniform composting. Step S5: Determine whether composting is complete by observing the moisture, odor, and color of the compost. This forms asparagus stem fertilizer, achieving resource recycling, reducing environmental pollution, and providing organic fertilizer for asparagus cultivation.

[0042] Preferably, in step (7), during the stem and leaf growth period, the first fertilization is carried out by applying the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer. When fertilizing, a circular trench is dug 2-3 cm away from the base of the asparagus plant, with a depth of 5-7 cm. The compost is evenly scattered into the trench, then covered with soil and leveled. The amount of fertilizer applied per plant is approximately 100-150 grams. The prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied when the asparagus plant reaches a height of 20-30 cm. At this time, the asparagus's nutrient requirements increase, and timely fertilization can meet its growth needs. Digging a circular trench 2-3 cm away from the base of the asparagus plant for fertilization and then covering it with soil facilitates nutrient absorption by the roots. The amount of fertilizer applied per plant is 100-150 grams, ensuring a reasonable amount of fertilizer and promoting asparagus growth.

[0043] Preferably, in step (7), a second fertilization is performed on the seedbed 7-20 days after the first fertilization. First, the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied, followed by sodium humate at a rate of 50-100g per square meter, mixing the sodium humate into the topsoil to a depth of 1-2cm. Water is then applied to keep the soil moist. Applying sodium humate and mixing it into the topsoil during the second fertilization improves soil structure, enhances water and fertilizer retention, and promotes asparagus root growth. A mixing depth of 1-2cm followed by watering helps the sodium humate to function effectively.

[0044] This invention further utilizes a phased seedbed cultivation and young stem harvesting method for asparagus root production to achieve the cultivation of one-year-old asparagus roots and increase the yield of young asparagus stems, as detailed below:

[0045] After the asparagus young stems are harvested, all stems are left to grow, followed by fertilization. During the autumn growth period, the roots are allowed to develop fully. After the first frost, the above-ground stems are cut off, and the asparagus plants are carefully removed from the nutrient pots, keeping the root system as intact as possible. Damaged and excessively long roots are removed, and the main root is kept to a length of about 20-30cm to reduce root damage and promote the sprouting of new roots, making it easier to sell.

[0046] At this stage, the asparagus roots can be directly planted in the ground. After applying sufficient base fertilizer and watering thoroughly, the asparagus can be harvested directly the following year. Using nutrient pots can reduce root damage.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0048] 1. The seed treatment effect of this invention is significant. Soaking seeds in 55℃ warm water and disinfecting them with carbendazim effectively kills pathogens on the seed surface, improves seed germination rate, and reduces seedling diseases. Suitable soaking and germination conditions ensure that seeds fully absorb water and have a good germination environment.

[0049] 2. The nutrient pots and seedbeds of this invention are rationally designed. The specific ratio of nutrient pot materials provides asparagus seedlings with rich nutrition, good air permeability and water retention, and prevents soil-borne diseases. The reasonable size of the nutrient pots and seedbeds facilitates management and operation, and improves land use efficiency.

[0050] 3. This invention yields a type of asparagus young stem. By rationally arranging the harvest period and carrying out continuous harvesting, not only is the yield of high-quality asparagus young stem increased, but the economic benefits of annual asparagus root production are also increased.

[0051] 4. This invention composts the cut above-ground stems and leaves to produce asparagus stalk fertilizer, realizing resource recycling, reducing environmental pollution, and providing organic fertilizer for asparagus cultivation, thereby reducing production costs.

[0052] 5. This invention applies sodium humate to improve soil structure, enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and promote asparagus root growth.

[0053] 6. This invention utilizes the seedlings produced in the seedbed to cultivate one-year-old asparagus roots, making full use of resources; specialized transplanting substrate and scientific management promote root growth and improve root quality; strict pest and disease control ensures root health; and reasonable harvesting and storage methods ensure stable seedling quality, providing high-quality seedlings for asparagus cultivation, enhancing planting efficiency and the industry's sustainable development capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 A flowchart of the production process provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2A flowchart of the production process of Experimental Example 1 provided by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 The flowchart is for the production process of Experimental Example 2 provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through a phased seedbed cultivation process, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0059] First stage: Seedling cultivation period

[0060] (1) Soaking seeds and promoting germination

[0061] Uncoated asparagus seeds are washed and soaked in warm water, then disinfected by soaking in a solution of carbendazim wettable powder at room temperature. After rinsing, the seeds are soaked in 25℃ water for 72 hours, rinsing and changing the water 3 times during the soaking period. After the seeds absorb the water, they are wrapped in multiple layers of damp gauze and kept moist at 28℃ to promote germination. They are rinsed twice a day. When 30% of the seeds show white sprouts, they can be sown.

[0062] (2) Preparation of nutrient pots

[0063] Mix organic fertilizer, garden soil, and rice husk ash in a mass ratio of 1.2:6:4 and sieve. Then add compound fertilizer and carbendazim, stir well, and prepare nutrient pots with a diameter of 10cm and a height of 25cm. Non-woven fabric nutrient pots can be used to fully protect the asparagus roots.

[0064] (3) Prepare the seedbed

[0065] Choose a flat, well-drained, and organic-rich sandy loam soil, prepare the land into a rectangular seedbed, and neatly place the nutrient pots on the seedbed.

[0066] (4) Sowing

[0067] Plant one seed in each seedling pot to a depth of 2.2cm, then cover with 0.5cm of fine soil, water thoroughly, cover with 3cm of straw, and then cover with a thin film to retain moisture.

[0068] (5) Management during the seedling stage

[0069] After sowing, water the seedbed to keep the soil moist. Once 35% of the seedlings have emerged, remove the straw and plastic film. The temperature around the seedbed in the greenhouse should be 25℃ during the day and 18℃ at night.

[0070] Second stage: Young stem harvesting period

[0071] (6) Harvesting young asparagus stems

[0072] When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach 3 months of age, they are not transplanted. Instead, they are continued to be cultivated in the seedbed and the new tender stems are harvested. Harvesting begins when the young stems grow to more than 12cm.

[0073] The third stage is the period of strengthening seedlings and roots:

[0074] (7) Retaining stems and leaves

[0075] After harvesting for 70 days following step (6), stop harvesting, leave the stems and leaves to grow vegetatively, and promote strong seedlings and roots.

[0076] (8) Harvest asparagus roots

[0077] When the seedlings reach 8 months of age, they gradually enter a dormant period. At this time, the above-ground stems of the asparagus can be cut off to harvest the asparagus roots.

[0078] (9) Apply fertilizer after composting

[0079] Collect the above-ground stems and leaves of asparagus, then compost the collected above-ground stems and leaves to form asparagus stem fertilizer, and fertilize the asparagus plants in step (7).

[0080] More specifically, in step (2), the mass concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer is 0.1%, and the ternary compound fertilizer contains...

[0081] The mass fractions of N, P2O5, and K2O are 18%, 9%, and 18%, respectively; 10 mg of carbendazim is added per kilogram of dry soil.

[0082] More specifically, in step (3), the rectangular seedbed has a width of 1.5m and a length of 3m.

[0083] More specifically, in step (5), after all the buds have emerged from the soil and grown into seedlings, the film is covered again. When the seedlings are 20cm tall, ventilation is adopted without removing the film to allow the seedlings to adapt to the external environment.

[0084] More specifically, in step (6), the harvested asparagus stalks are 0.5 cm thick.

[0085] To solve the above problems, in this embodiment, the above-ground stems and leaves cut off in step (8) are collected and then processed according to the following steps:

[0086] S1. Use a guillotine to chop the asparagus stems into small pieces, with a length controlled to 5cm;

[0087] S2. First, lay a 15cm thick layer of crushed asparagus stems on the composting site, then sprinkle a thin and even layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then sprinkle a thin and even layer of microbial agent. Repeat this process layer by layer until the pile is 2m high. The microbial agent contains Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride. Add 1kg of microbial agent per square meter of composting area.

[0088] S3. During the composting process, the moisture content should be controlled at 60%;

[0089] S4. During the composting process, monitor the compost temperature and adjust the turning frequency according to the temperature changes. In the early stage of composting, turn the compost every 3 days. When the temperature reaches above 50℃, the compost enters the high-temperature stage and is turned every 7 days. The high-temperature stage usually lasts for 2 weeks. When the temperature begins to drop, the compost enters the cooling stage and is turned every 15 days.

[0090] S5. When the compost moisture content drops below 35%, there is no raw material odor, only a slight ammonia smell, and the compost is dark brown, the composting is almost complete. Continue to observe for 15 days until the composting is complete, forming asparagus stem fertilizer.

[0091] In step (7), during the stem and leaf growth period, the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied. When fertilizing, a circular trench is dug 3cm away from the root of the asparagus plant, with a depth of 7cm. The compost is evenly spread into the trench, and then covered with soil and leveled. The amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is about 100 grams.

[0092] In step (7), within 7 days after the first fertilization, a second fertilization is carried out on the seedbed. First, the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied, and then sodium humate is applied at 50g per square meter so that the sodium humate is mixed into the surface soil to a depth of 2cm. Then water is applied to keep it moist.

[0093] Example 2: This example provides a method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through a phased seedbed cultivation process. The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0094] In step (6), when the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach 3 months of age, they continue to be cultivated on the seedbed. At this time, new young stems will sprout continuously, and the new young stems will begin to be harvested. When the young stems grow to about 15cm, they will begin to be harvested.

[0095] In step (7), after harvesting for 65 days as in step (6), stop harvesting, leave the stems and leaves to grow vegetatively, and promote strong seedlings and roots;

[0096] Collect the above-ground stems and leaves removed in step (8), and then process the collected above-ground stems and leaves according to the following steps:

[0097] S1. Use a guillotine to chop the asparagus stems into small pieces, with a length controlled to 4cm;

[0098] S2. First, lay a 12cm thick layer of crushed asparagus stalks on the composting site, then sprinkle a thin and even layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then sprinkle a thin and even layer of microbial agent. Repeat this process layer by layer until the pile is 1.8m high. The microbial agent contains Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride. Add 0.75kg of microbial agent per square meter of composting area.

[0099] S3. During the composting process, the moisture content should be controlled at 55%;

[0100] S4. During the composting process, monitor the compost temperature and adjust the turning frequency according to the temperature changes. In the early stage of composting, turn the compost every 2.5 days. When the temperature reaches above 50℃, the compost enters the high-temperature stage, and the compost is turned every 6 days. The high-temperature stage usually lasts for 2 weeks. When the temperature begins to drop, the compost enters the cooling stage, and the compost is turned every 12 days.

[0101] S5. When the compost moisture content drops below 35%, there is no raw material odor, only a slight ammonia smell, and the compost is dark brown, the composting is almost complete. Continue to observe for 15 days until the composting is complete, forming asparagus stem fertilizer.

[0102] In step (7), during the stem and leaf growth period, the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied. When fertilizing, a circular trench is dug 2.5cm away from the root of the asparagus plant, with a depth of 6cm. The compost is evenly spread into the trench, and then covered with soil and leveled. The amount of fertilizer applied per plant is about 125 grams.

[0103] In step (7), after the second fertilization on the seedbed, sodium humate is applied at 75g per square meter, and then the sodium humate is mixed into the topsoil to a depth of 1.5cm. After that, water is applied to keep it moist.

[0104] Example 3: This example provides a method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through a phased seedbed cultivation process. The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0105] In step (6), when the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach 3 months of age, they continue to be cultivated on the seedbed. At this time, new young stems will sprout continuously, and the new young stems will begin to be harvested. When the young stems grow to about 18cm, they will begin to be harvested.

[0106] In step (7), continue harvesting for 60 days as in step (6), then stop harvesting, leave the stems and leaves to grow vegetatively, and promote strong seedlings and roots.

[0107] Collect the above-ground stems and leaves removed in step (8), and then process the collected above-ground stems and leaves according to the following steps:

[0108] S1. Use a guillotine to chop the asparagus stems into small pieces, with a length controlled to 3cm;

[0109] S2. First, lay a 10cm thick layer of crushed asparagus stalks on the composting site, then sprinkle a thin and even layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then sprinkle a thin and even layer of microbial agent. Repeat this process layer by layer until the pile is 1.5m high. The microbial agent contains Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride. Add 0.5kg of microbial agent per square meter of composting area.

[0110] S3. During the composting process, the moisture content should be controlled at 50%.

[0111] S4. During the composting process, monitor the compost temperature and adjust the turning frequency according to the temperature changes. In the early stage of composting, turn the compost every 2 days. When the temperature reaches above 50℃, the compost enters the high-temperature stage, and the compost is turned every 5 days. The high-temperature stage usually lasts for 2 weeks. When the temperature begins to drop, the compost enters the cooling stage, and the compost is turned every 10 days.

[0112] S5. When the compost moisture content drops below 35%, there is no raw material odor, only a slight ammonia smell, and the compost is dark brown, the composting is almost complete. Continue to observe for 15 days until the composting is complete, forming asparagus stem fertilizer.

[0113] In step (7), during the stem and leaf growth period, the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied. When fertilizing, a circular trench is dug 2cm away from the root of the asparagus plant, with a depth of 5cm. The compost is evenly spread into the trench, and then covered with soil and leveled. The amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is about 150 grams.

[0114] In step (7), after the second fertilization on the seedbed, sodium humate is applied at 100g per square meter, and then the sodium humate is mixed into the topsoil to a depth of 1cm. After that, water is applied to keep it moist.

[0115] Comparative Example 1: The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the asparagus seedlings are cultivated on a seedbed frame.

[0116] Comparative Example 2: The only difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that asparagus stem fertilizer is not prepared, and commercial organic fertilizer is applied in step (7).

[0117] Comparative Example 3: The only difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that sodium humate is not applied after the second fertilization in the seedbed in step (7).

[0118] Comparative Example 4: The only difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the traditional asparagus planting method was used, and after cultivating asparagus seedlings in the seedbed, they were dispersed and transplanted to multiple greenhouses.

[0119] In Comparative Example 4, the earlier transplanting of annual asparagus to the field increases the cultivation cost in the field, reduces the efficiency of land resource utilization, and increases the amount of manual labor input such as weeding, pesticide application, and fertilization. The overall benefits are lower than those of the planting method in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0120] Experimental Example 1: This experimental example provides a method for cultivating asparagus seedlings and rootstocks. The difference between this method and the previous example is that in the second stage of the seedling harvesting process (6): when the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach 3 months of age, they are not transplanted but continue to be cultivated in the seedbed. The asparagus seedlings are then harvested, and the harvesting continues for about 120 days until no more seedlings sprout.

[0121] In the third stage of harvesting annual asparagus roots (7): after the frost, cut off the above-ground stems and harvest the asparagus root seedlings.

[0122] Experimental Example 2: This experimental example provides a method for producing annual asparagus roots. The only difference between this method and the previous example is that there is no second stage of young stem harvesting. (6) Asparagus young stem harvesting content: Annual asparagus roots are harvested without stages.

[0123] Cultivation.

[0124] No asparagus stem fertilizer is prepared, and sodium humate is not applied. In step (7), commercial organic fertilizer is applied.

[0125] Experimental Example 2 is a traditional production method. Normally, one-year-old asparagus roots are cultivated by starting seedlings in March and continuing to cultivate them according to the seedling method until November. During this period, appropriate fertilizer is supplemented, and temperature, humidity, and pest and disease management are maintained. This method is a long process and has no other benefits besides the asparagus roots.

[0126] Experiment 1, based on Experiment 2, allowed for continuous harvesting of new shoots after two months of seedling growth until dormancy. This increased the yield of new shoots, but prolonged nutrient depletion led to insufficient nutrient accumulation in the roots, affecting asparagus root growth and consequently, yield. The table below shows the comparative experimental data between the above examples, comparative examples, and experimental cases:

[0127]

[0128] Combination Figure 1-3 As shown in the table above, Examples 1-3 differ in cultivation methods, including seedling age, young stem harvesting length, composting, and fertilization details. Example 1 exhibits relatively higher asparagus young stem yield and one-year-old asparagus root quality, resulting in better returns. This indicates that, within a certain range, starting the harvesting of young stems earlier (3 months old) and appropriately extending the harvesting period (70 days), combined with reasonable composting and fertilization management, is beneficial for improving overall efficiency.

[0129] Comparison between the examples and comparative examples:

[0130] Comparative Example 1: Asparagus seedlings grown on seedbed racks had extremely low root quality (0.03 kg / seedling) in one year, indicating that the seedbed setup method used in this paper is more conducive to asparagus growth and root development.

[0131] Comparative Example 2: Using commercial organic fertilizer instead of preparing asparagus stem fertilizer resulted in a decrease in the yield of young asparagus stems and the quality of one-year-old asparagus roots, and an increase in cultivation costs. This demonstrates the advantages of using asparagus above-ground stems and leaves to compost fertilizer, which can reduce costs while increasing yield and quality.

[0132] Comparative Example 3: Without the application of sodium humate, the yield of asparagus shoots and the quality of one-year-old asparagus roots were affected to some extent, indicating that sodium humate has a positive effect on improving soil structure and promoting asparagus growth.

[0133] Comparative Example 4: Traditional planting methods are inferior to the embodiments of the present invention in terms of asparagus young stem yield, quality, cultivation period cost and benefits. They cannot achieve multiple harvests of asparagus young stems, have low land resource utilization efficiency and poor overall benefits.

[0134] Comparison of Implementation Examples and Experimental Examples

[0135] Experimental Example 1: Although the yield of young asparagus stems was high (3.84 kg / m²), the root nutrient accumulation was insufficient due to long-term harvesting of young stems, resulting in a root weight of only 0.12 kg / plant for one-year-old asparagus, thus affecting profitability. This illustrates that excessive pursuit of young stem yield can harm the growth and profitability of asparagus roots.

[0136] Experimental Example 2: The conventional cultivation method yields no income from harvesting young stems, only income from asparagus roots (3.5 yuan / plant), which is lower than the overall income of Example 1. This demonstrates the advantage of the phased cultivation production method in increasing economic benefits.

[0137] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of producing perennial asparagus roots in a phased nursery bed, characterized in that: Depending on the growth period of asparagus, it can be divided into the following three stages, each containing specific steps: First stage: Seedling cultivation period (1) Soaking seeds and promoting germination After washing the uncoated asparagus seeds, soak them in warm water. Then, disinfect them by soaking them in a solution of carbendazim wettable powder at room temperature. After rinsing the seeds, soak them in water at 20℃-25℃ for 48h-72h, rinsing and changing the water 2-3 times during the soaking period. After the seeds have absorbed the water, wrap them in multiple layers of damp gauze and keep them moist at 25℃-28℃ to promote germination. Rinse them 1-2 times a day. Sow the seeds when 20%-30% of them show white sprouts. (2) Preparation of nutrient pots Mix organic fertilizer, garden soil, and rice husk ash in a mass ratio of (0.8-1.2):(4-6):(2-4), sieve, add ternary compound fertilizer and carbendazim, stir evenly, and prepare nutrient pots with a diameter of 8-13cm and a height of 20-30cm. (3) Prepare the seedbed Choose a flat, well-drained, and organic-rich sandy loam soil. Prepare the land into a rectangular seedbed and place the nutrient pots neatly on the seedbed. (4) Sowing Plant one seed in each seedling pot to a depth of 1.8-2.2cm, then cover with 0.3-0.5cm of fine soil, cover with 2-3cm of straw, water thoroughly, and cover with a thin film to retain moisture. (5) Management during the seedling stage After sowing, water the seedbed to keep the soil moist. Once 25%-35% of the seedlings have emerged, remove the straw and plastic film. The temperature around the seedbed in the greenhouse should be 20℃-25℃ during the day and 15℃-18℃ at night. Second stage: Young stem harvesting period (6) Harvesting young asparagus stems When the seedlings in the nutrient pots reach 3 months of age, they are not transplanted but continue to be cultivated in the seedbed. The new tender stems are harvested. When the young stems grow to 12-18cm, they are harvested. The harvested asparagus young stems are 0.3-0.7cm in diameter. The third stage is the period of strengthening seedlings and roots: (7) Retaining stems and leaves After harvesting for 60-70 days following step (6), stop harvesting, leave the stems and leaves to grow vegetatively, and promote strong seedlings and roots. (8) Harvest asparagus roots When the seedlings reach 8 months of age, they gradually enter a dormant period. At this time, the above-ground stems of the asparagus can be cut off to harvest the asparagus roots. (9) Apply fertilizer after composting Collect the above-ground stems and leaves of asparagus, then compost the collected above-ground stems and leaves to form asparagus stem fertilizer, and fertilize the asparagus plants in step (7). The collected stems and leaves should be processed according to the following steps: S1. Use a guillotine to chop the asparagus stems into small pieces, with a length of 3-5cm; S2. First, lay a 10-15cm thick layer of crushed asparagus stems on the composting site, then sprinkle a thin and even layer of livestock and poultry manure, and then sprinkle a thin and even layer of microbial inoculant. Repeat this process layer by layer until the pile is 1.5-2m high. Add 0.5-1kg of microbial inoculant per square meter of composting area. S3. During the composting process, the moisture content should be controlled at 50%-60%; S4. During the composting process, monitor the composting temperature and adjust the turning frequency according to the changes in composting temperature; S5. When the compost moisture content drops below 30%-40%, there is no raw material odor, only a slight ammonia smell, and the compost is dark brown, the composting is almost complete. Continue to observe for 15-20 days until the composting is complete and asparagus stem fertilizer is formed. In step (7), the first fertilization is carried out during the stem and leaf growth period. 7-20 days after the first fertilization, the second fertilization is carried out on the seedbed. First, the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied, and then sodium humate is applied at 50-100g per square meter so that the sodium humate is mixed into the surface soil to a depth of 1-2cm. Then water is applied to keep it moist.

2. The method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through staged seedbed cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the mass concentration of the ternary compound fertilizer is 0.05%-0.15%, and the mass fractions of N, P2O5 and K2O in the ternary compound fertilizer are 15%-20%, 8%-12% and 15%-20%, respectively; 8-12 mg of carbendazim is added per kilogram of dry soil.

3. The method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through staged seedbed cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the width of the rectangular seedbed is 1-1.5m.

4. The method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through staged seedbed cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the prepared asparagus stem fertilizer is applied for the first time; when fertilizing, apply it around the roots of the asparagus plant, and the amount of fertilizer per plant is 100-150 grams.

5. The method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through phased seedbed cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride.

6. The method for producing one-year-old asparagus roots through staged seedbed cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, during the initial stage of composting, the compost pile is turned over every 2-3 days; when the temperature reaches above 45-50℃, the compost enters the high-temperature stage, and the pile is turned over every 5-7 days. The high-temperature stage generally lasts for 1-2 weeks; when the temperature begins to drop, the compost enters the cooling stage, and the pile is turned over every 10-15 days.

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