A physical simulation experiment and observation device for co2 injection and storage

Abstract

The application relates to a physical simulation experiment and observation device for CO2 injection storage; comprising a model cabin, a driving system, a CO2 injection module, a regulation and control module and a monitoring system; a modular rock stratum assembly is detachably arranged in the model cabin; the driving system is connected with the model cabin and is used for driving the modular rock stratum assembly in the model cabin to realize three-dimensional translation and inclination and tendency adjustment; the CO2 injection module is used for providing CO2 and tracer gas; the monitoring system is arranged in the model cabin and is used for collecting strain, pressure, concentration and vibration data of the modular rock stratum assembly in real time; in the process, the hydraulic multi-degree-of-freedom driving is reviewed in real time through a laser tracker, complex structure reconstruction such as an anticline / fault can be efficiently completed, the inclination control is precise, the CO2 injection pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the stratum inclination, the injection module is interconnected with the hydraulic driving data, and temperature and pressure and flow are optimized in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of carbon capture and storage technology, and in particular to a physical simulation experiment and observation device for CO2 injection and storage. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, physical simulation experiments have become a key means of assessing the feasibility of CO2 geological storage. However, existing technologies have significant shortcomings.

[0003] On the one hand, the ability to simulate geological structures is insufficient. Traditional devices mostly use fixed stratum models (such as sand-filled boxes), which cannot dynamically reconstruct complex structures such as anticlines and faults. Adjusting the dip angle / dip of rock strata relies on manual disassembly and reconstruction, which takes more than 2 hours and has low accuracy, making it difficult to truly reflect changes in the underground stress field.

[0004] On the other hand, the lack of multi-parameter coupled control, independent operation of temperature and pressure control units, pressure control accuracy of only ±0.5MPa (range 0-30MPa), and temperature fluctuation >±1℃ are significant drawbacks. The absence of a linkage mechanism between CO2 injection and formation deformation leads to a disconnect between the injection pressure setting and actual geological behavior. Furthermore, the monitoring dimensions are limited; most devices rely on point sensors (such as strain gauges), capturing only localized data and lacking synchronous monitoring of stratified contact pressure and pore pressure gradients. Leak detection primarily uses electrochemical sensors with response delays >10s and sensitivity of only 0.5%. In high-pressure (>30MPa) or seismic simulation experiments, formation instability warnings are delayed. Existing devices rely on mechanical pressure relief valves for overpressure protection (trigger threshold deviation >10%), which can easily lead to chamber rupture accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address or partially resolve issues in related technologies, this technical solution utilizes hydraulic multi-degree-of-freedom drive. During this process, real-time verification via a laser tracker enables efficient reconstruction of complex structures such as anticlines and faults with precise dip angle control. The CO2 injection pressure is dynamically adjusted based on the formation dip angle. The injection module and hydraulic drive data are interconnected, allowing for real-time optimization of temperature, pressure, and flow rate, providing a high-fidelity experimental environment for CO2 sequestration research and shortening the technology development cycle. Multi-level safety interlocks (from software thresholds to mechanical depressurization) ensure absolute safety in the simulation experiment. By organically integrating dynamic geological reconstruction, intelligent coupled control, and multi-scale monitoring, this solution overcomes existing technological limitations and provides core technical support for the large-scale application of CCUS.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a physical simulation experiment and observation device for CO2 injection and storage, characterized in that: it includes...

[0007] The model cabin contains a modular rock layer assembly that is detachably installed inside. The modular rock layer assembly is connected to the model cabin to achieve power and air supply.

[0008] A drive system connected to the model cabin is used to drive the modular rock strata components within the model cabin, enabling three-dimensional translation and adjustment of tilt angle and dip direction;

[0009] A CO2 injection module is used to provide CO2 and tracer gas, and inject the mixture into the modular rock formation component to trace the CO2 within the modular rock formation component.

[0010] The control module is connected to the CO2 injection module and the model chamber. The control module includes a pressure control unit and a temperature control unit. The control module is used to regulate the temperature and pressure of the gas in the CO2 injection module and then input it into the model chamber.

[0011] A monitoring system, installed inside the model cabin, is used to collect real-time data on strain, pressure, concentration, and vibration of the modular rock strata components.

[0012] Central controller: Receives monitoring data and controls the coordinated operation of hydraulic drive, multi-parameter regulation, and injection modules.

[0013] Optionally, the model cabin is a sealed cabin made of transparent material, and the interior of the model cabin is divided into multiple compartments by partitions. Each compartment has an elastic padding layer attached to one of its six sides corresponding to the modular rock layer component.

[0014] Optionally, the modular rock layer component is installed inside the compartment, and the model cabin is equipped with an energized contact plate that interfaces with the modular rock layer component for power supply, as well as an electromagnetic lock for locking.

[0015] Optionally, the drive system includes

[0016] The Y-axis linear module is connected to the model cabin via a connecting seat and is used to drive the model cabin to move in the Y-axis direction;

[0017] The X-axis linear module is connected to the Y-axis linear module via a support base and is used to drive the model cabin to move in the X-axis direction;

[0018] The hydraulic cylinders are provided in at least four sets, each installed at one of the four corners of the support base of the X-axis linear module. They drive the model cabin to move in the Z-axis direction by working synchronously and drive the model cabin to tilt by working asynchronously.

[0019] Optionally, the CO2 injection module includes

[0020] Tracer gas cylinders and CO2 gas cylinders;

[0021] A flow quality controller, which is connected to the tracer gas cylinder and the CO2 gas cylinder via a solenoid valve and a pipeline;

[0022] A static mixer, connected to the flow quality controller, is used to mix CO2 gas and tracer gas.

[0023] Optionally, the control module includes a pressure control unit, the pressure control unit including...

[0024] A booster pump, the air inlet of which is connected to the temperature control unit.

[0025] A proportional regulating valve is connected to the outlet of the booster pump and is used to regulate the gas pressure.

[0026] Optionally, the control module further includes a temperature control unit, which includes a first reversing valve connected to the static mixer;

[0027] A cooling chamber is connected to the first reversing valve, and a semiconductor cooling chip is installed inside the cooling chamber for cooling the mixed gas.

[0028] A heating chamber is connected to the first reversing valve, and a resistance heater is installed inside the heating chamber for heating the mixed gas.

[0029] Optionally, the monitoring system includes

[0030] The TDLAS laser spectrometer is located in the center and four corners of the cabin roof, forming a cross monitoring network.

[0031] A piezoresistive thin-film sensor, which is evenly distributed in the elastic pad layer, is used to collect pressure information from six surfaces during the movement of the modular rock stratum assembly.

[0032] An FBG fiber optic sensor is uniformly embedded in the modular rock formation assembly for detecting strain and pore pressure.

[0033] A triaxial accelerometer is installed at the center of the modular rock stratum assembly to monitor and collect XYZ triaxial inertial and vibration impact information.

[0034] Optionally, when the piezoresistive thin-film sensor detects an interlayer pressure gradient... At that time, activate the zoned hydraulic compensation;

[0035] When the strain ε > k2 is monitored by the distributed fiber optic sensor, the CO2 injection pressure is reduced;

[0036] Where k1 and k2 are preset thresholds.

[0037] Optionally, the observation agency includes

[0038] A robotic arm, which is mounted on one side of the model cabin;

[0039] CCD camera, which is mounted on a robotic arm;

[0040] A rotating platform connected to the base for driving the base to rotate.

[0041] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects:

[0042] This technical solution utilizes hydraulic multi-degree-of-freedom drive, with real-time verification via a laser tracker, enabling efficient reconstruction of complex structures such as anticlines and faults, and dip control. The CO2 injection pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the formation dip angle. The injection module and hydraulic drive data are interconnected, optimizing temperature, pressure, and flow rate in real time, providing a high-fidelity experimental environment for CO2 sequestration research and shortening the technology development cycle. Multi-level safety interlocks (from software thresholds to mechanical depressurization) ensure absolute safety in the simulation experiment. By organically integrating dynamic geological reconstruction, intelligent coupled control, and multi-scale monitoring, this solution overcomes existing technological limitations and provides core technical support for the large-scale application of CCUS. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the model cabin shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the modular rock stratum component structure shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a modular rock stratum component shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive system structure shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the control module and CO2 injection module structure shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the control module shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the robotic arm and CCD camera shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 9 This is a control principle diagram of the monitoring system shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0053] Figure label:

[0054] 1-Model cabin body, 11-Modular rock strata components, 12-Quick connector, 13-Air intake pipe, 14-Blocking plate, 15-Sealed hatch door, 16-Electrified contact plate, 17-Electromagnetic lock, 18-Elastic padding layer;

[0055] 2-Drive system, 21-Y-axis linear module, 22-X-axis linear module, 23-Hydraulic cylinder, 24-Connecting seat, 25-Universal hinge, 26-Support seat, 27-Base;

[0056] 3-Pressure control unit, 31-Boost pump, 32-Proportional regulating valve, 33-Temperature control unit, 34-First reversing valve, 35-Cooling chamber, 351-Semiconductor cooling chip, 36-Heating chamber, 361-Resistance heater, 37-Second reversing valve;

[0057] 4-CO2 injection module, 41-tracer gas cylinder, 42-CO2 gas cylinder, 43-solenoid valve, 44-flow quality controller, 45-static mixer;

[0058] 5-Monitoring system; 51-TDLAS laser spectrometer; 52-Piercing resistance thin film sensor; 53-FBG fiber optic sensor; 54-Triaxial accelerometer;

[0059] 6-Observation mechanism, 61-Robotic arm, 62-CCD camera. Detailed Implementation

[0060] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0061] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0062] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0063] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0064] On the one hand, the ability to simulate geological structures is insufficient. Traditional devices mostly use fixed stratum models (such as sand-filled boxes), which cannot dynamically reconstruct complex structures such as anticlines and faults. Adjusting the dip angle / dip of rock strata relies on manual disassembly and reconstruction, which takes more than 2 hours and has low accuracy, making it difficult to truly reflect changes in the underground stress field.

[0065] On the other hand, the lack of multi-parameter coupled control, independent operation of temperature and pressure control units, pressure control accuracy of only ±0.5MPa (range 0-30MPa), and temperature fluctuations >±1℃ are significant issues. The absence of a linkage mechanism between CO2 injection and formation deformation leads to a disconnect between the injection pressure setting and actual geological behavior. Furthermore, the monitoring dimensions are limited; most devices rely on point sensors (such as strain gauges), which can only capture localized data and lack synchronous monitoring of stratified contact pressure and pore pressure gradients.

[0066] This technical solution utilizes hydraulic multi-degree-of-freedom drive, with real-time verification via a laser tracker, enabling efficient reconstruction of complex structures such as anticlines and faults, and dip control. The CO2 injection pressure is dynamically adjusted according to the formation dip angle. The injection module and hydraulic drive data are interconnected, optimizing temperature, pressure, and flow rate in real time, providing a high-fidelity experimental environment for CO2 sequestration research and shortening the technology development cycle. Multi-level safety interlocks (from software thresholds to mechanical depressurization) ensure absolute safety in the simulation experiment. By organically integrating dynamic geological reconstruction, intelligent coupled control, and multi-scale monitoring, this solution overcomes existing technological limitations and provides core technical support for the large-scale application of CCUS.

[0067] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0068] See Figure 1-9 This application provides a physical simulation experiment and observation device for CO2 injection and storage, including a model chamber 1, a drive system 2, a CO2 injection module 4, a control module, a monitoring system 5, a PLC, and an observation mechanism 6.

[0069] In this embodiment, a modular rock layer assembly 11 is detachably installed inside the model chamber 1. The modular rock layer assembly 11 is connected to the model chamber 1 to achieve power and air circulation. Specifically, the model chamber 1 is a transparent PMMA sealed chamber (2m×1m×1m in size), with a thickness of 10-50mm. The surface is coated with an anti-reflective coating to improve observation clarity. It has internal partitions 14 to form compartments, and the inner walls of the compartments are covered with elastic pads 18. The modular rock layer assembly 11 forms a layered slot design: the rock layer module adopts a standardized slot structure, which allows for quick replacement of simulated rock layer plates of different materials (such as sandstone and shale). The module position is fixed by an electromagnetic lock 17 to ensure the stability of the rock layer structure after adjustment. According to the experimental requirements (such as simulating anticline structures), standardized rock layer assemblies of corresponding shapes (arc-shaped modules) and materials (sandstone and shale) are selected, and glass beads (0.5mm in diameter, 25% porosity) or 3D printed porous materials are prepared and filled into the rock layer module as needed. In addition, flexible silicone sealing strips are used at the joints of the modular rock layer component 11, and metal O-rings are added in high-pressure areas (>10MPa) to prevent CO2 leakage. In this embodiment, a quick connector 12 is also provided along the rear side of the compartment of the model cabin 1. The quick connector 12 is connected to the air intake pipe 13 assembly, and the air intake pipe 13 assembly is connected to an air source (such as...). Figure 1-2 As shown, this is the connection control module. Correspondingly, the modular rock formation assembly 11 is equipped with a connector for connecting to the quick connector 12 to allow the entry of CO2 gas and tracer gas.

[0070] To facilitate the entry of CO2 gas and tracer gas into the modular rock formation assembly 11, in other embodiments, the modular rock formation assembly 11 may be internally embedded with a 3D-printed formation-mimicking pore structure (porosity 5-30%), or filled with glass beads (particle size 0.1-1 mm) to simulate an actual reservoir. In addition, CO2 and krypton tracer are uniformly mixed through a static mixer 45 and then injected, with the migration path monitored by an optical fiber sensor and the concentration distribution tracked in real time by a TDLAS laser spectrometer 51.

[0071] In this embodiment, the drive system 2 is connected to the model cabin 1. The drive system 2 drives the model cabin 1, which in turn drives the internal modular rock strata assembly 11, enabling three-dimensional translation and adjustment of tilt and dip angles. The hydraulic drive system 2 adjusts the tilt angle and dip angle of the modular rock strata assembly 11, supporting the rapid assembly of the fault model (modular rock strata assembly 11). In other embodiments, a high-precision angle sensor can also be installed, embedded in the bottom of the rock strata module, to provide real-time feedback of tilt angle and dip angle data to the control terminal.

[0072] In this embodiment, the CO2 injection module 4 provides CO2 and tracer gas, mixes them, and injects them into the modular rock formation assembly 11 to trace the CO2 within the assembly. This embodiment employs a dual-channel mass flow controller, uses krypton as the tracer gas, supports the synchronous injection of CO2 and krypton tracer, and has a built-in static mixer 45 to ensure uniform gas distribution. Based on the above embodiment, in terms of hardware connection, the mass flow controller (MFC) is connected to the PLC via an RS485 interface to receive injection flow commands. In the high-pressure gas cylinder group, CO2 and tracer (e.g., krypton) cylinders are connected to the MFC inlet via a pressure reducing valve. The static mixer 45 is located at the MFC outlet to ensure uniform gas mixing before injection into the chamber.

[0073] The automated control logic includes: preset program: setting injection parameters (such as pressure 30MPa, concentration 50%, tracer ratio 1%) at the control terminal.

[0074] Closed-loop feedback: The MFC opening is adjusted in real time through pressure sensors and gas concentration sensors to ensure stable injection parameters.

[0075] Emergency shutdown: If a leak (concentration > 1%) or overpressure is detected, the gas cylinder valve will be automatically closed and the exhaust system will be activated.

[0076] In this embodiment, the control module is connected to the CO2 injection module 4 and the model chamber 1. The control module includes a pressure control unit 3 and a temperature control unit 33. The control module is used to regulate the temperature and pressure of the gas in the CO2 injection module 4, and then finally input it into the model chamber 1. In this embodiment, the temperature and pressure control adopts the classic PID algorithm.

[0077] Temperature and pressure control employs a PID algorithm:

[0078]

[0079] in:

[0080] u(t): Control output (such as heating power or valve opening)

[0081] e(t): Deviation between set value and actual value

[0082] K p K i K d Proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients (calibrated experimentally, e.g., temperature control: K) p =2.5,K i =0.1,K d =0.05)

[0083] In the temperature control operation process, the target value is set by inputting the target temperature (e.g., 50℃) through the control terminal. Data acquisition: Distributed fiber optic sensors provide real-time feedback on the temperature distribution inside the cabin. PID calculation: The power of the semiconductor cooler 351 (cooling) or the resistance heater 361 (heating) is dynamically adjusted based on the deviation. Closed-loop feedback: When the temperature fluctuation exceeds ±0.1℃, the PID recalculates the output until it stabilizes.

[0084] In the pressure control operation process, the target pressure is set as follows: Input the target pressure (e.g., 20 MPa). Pressure monitoring: The pressure sensor collects the cabin pressure data in real time. PID control: The pressure is adjusted via the electric booster pump 31 (boosting) or the proportional relief valve (reducing pressure), with a response time of <0.5 seconds. Safety limit: If the pressure exceeds the threshold (e.g., 50 MPa), the pump power is immediately cut off and an alarm is triggered.

[0085] In this embodiment, the monitoring system 5 is installed inside the model chamber 1 to collect real-time data on strain, pressure, concentration and vibration of the modular rock strata component 11; the PLC is used to receive the monitoring data and control the coordinated operation of the hydraulic drive, multi-parameter control and injection modules.

[0086] Based on the above embodiments, the model cabin 1 is a sealed cabin made of transparent material. The interior of the model cabin 1 is divided into multiple compartments by partitions 14. The six surfaces of the compartments corresponding to the modular rock layer components 11 are covered with elastic pads 18. The modular rock layer components 11 are installed inside the compartments. The model cabin 1 is equipped with an electrical contact 16 that connects to the modular rock layer components 11 for power supply, and an electromagnetic lock 17 for locking.

[0087] In this embodiment, the drive system 2 includes a Y-axis linear module 21, an X-axis linear module 22, and hydraulic cylinders 23. The Y-axis linear module 21 is connected to the model chamber 1 via a connecting seat 24 and is used to drive the model chamber 1 to move in the Y-axis direction. As shown in the attached figure, two sets of Y-axis linear modules 21 are symmetrically arranged. The X-axis linear module 22 is connected to the Y-axis linear module 21 via a support seat 26 and is used to drive the model chamber 1 to move in the X-axis direction. As shown in the attached figure, two sets of X-axis linear modules 22 are symmetrically arranged. At least four sets of hydraulic cylinders 23 are provided, each installed at one of the four corners of the support seat 26 of the X-axis linear module 22. By working synchronously, they drive the model chamber 1 to move in the Z-axis direction. By working asynchronously, they drive the model chamber 1 to tilt. The Y-axis linear module 21 and the X-axis linear module 22 drive the modular rock strata assembly 11 to translate along the X / Y axes. The hydraulic cylinders 23 extend and retract independently to achieve module tilt angle (0°-90°) and inclination adjustment.

[0088] In specific operations, such as adjusting the anticline structure, the parameters can be input first: target shape: anticline curvature radius R = 1.2m, vertex tilt angle α = 40°. Step 1: The translation cylinder moves the arc-shaped module to the center of the cabin (X = 100cm, Y = 60cm). Step 2: Calculate the extension and retraction of the four corner tilt cylinders (ΔL1 = 12.4mm, ΔL2 = 8.7mm...). Step 3: The tilt cylinders extend and retract synchronously, and the MEMS sensor feeds back the actual tilt angle α' = 39.8° (error 0.2°).

[0089] In this embodiment, the CO2 injection module 4 includes a tracer gas cylinder 41 and a CO2 gas cylinder 42, a flow quality controller 44, and a static mixer 45. The flow quality controller 44 is connected to the tracer gas cylinder 41 and the CO2 gas cylinder 42 through a solenoid valve 43 and a pipeline. The static mixer 45 is connected to the flow quality controller 44 and is used to mix CO2 gas and tracer gas.

[0090] Based on the above embodiments, the collaborative process with hydraulic drive / layered monitoring is as follows:

[0091] Initial pressure establishment: Set the target chamber pressure to 20MPa → booster pump 31 starts, and the proportional valve adjusts according to the "steady-state control" PID parameters. Layer monitoring: Piezoresistive sensors confirm that the contact pressure between each layer is >3MPa (anti-detachment threshold). Hydraulic drive tilting: Hydraulic cylinder 23 pushes the rock layer to a dip angle of 40° → interlayer piezoresistive sensors display pressure imbalance (bottom layer 9MPa, top layer 6MPa). Pressure control response: PLC reduces the hydraulic drive speed (from 5° / s). 2 →2° / s 2The proportional valve pressurizes the top injection pipe by 1.5 MPa for compensation. CO2 injection and seismic simulation: CO2 is injected (pressure 15 MPa) → the FBG sensor monitors the pore pressure at the top of the anticline, which rises to 18 MPa. Seismic simulation is started (frequency 5 Hz) → the system automatically switches to "dynamic response" PID mode, allowing pressure fluctuations to 17-19 MPa. Safety coordination: when vibration causes the interlayer piezoresistive membrane sensor 52 to drop by 50% → the injection valve is immediately closed and the hydraulic cylinder 23 is locked.

[0092] In this embodiment, the control module includes a pressure control unit 3, which includes a booster pump 31 and a proportional regulating valve 32. The inlet of the booster pump 31 is connected to the temperature control unit 33, and the proportional regulating valve 32 is connected to the outlet of the booster pump 31, for regulating the gas pressure. A closed-loop control of 0-50MPa pressure is achieved through the electric booster pump 31 and the proportional valve. Based on the above embodiment, the control module also includes a temperature control unit 33, which includes a first reversing valve 34, a cooling chamber 35, and a heating chamber 36. The first reversing valve 34 is connected to a static mixer 45; the cooling chamber 35 is connected to the first reversing valve 34 and has a semiconductor cooling chip 351 installed inside for cooling the mixed gas; the heating chamber 36 is connected to the first reversing valve 34 and has a resistance heater 361 installed inside for heating the mixed gas. It employs a combination of a semiconductor cooling chip 351 and a resistance heater 361, achieving a temperature control accuracy of ±0.1℃, covering a range from -20℃ to 100℃. Precise temperature and pressure coordination is achieved through four steps: gas path switching, independent temperature control, pressure compensation, and closed-loop feedback.

[0093] Specifically, the target T / P is set by the PLC, the first reversing valve 34 switches the gas path (selecting cooling / heating chamber 36 according to the target T), cooling chamber 35 (-20℃ semiconductor cooling), heating chamber 36 (100℃ resistance heating), and the gas flows to the inlet of booster pump 31 (gas temperature homogenization), electric booster pump 31 (pressurizing to target P), proportional regulating valve 32 (PID dynamic pressure stabilization), and injected into model chamber 1 (feedback to PLC).

[0094] Operating logic: The central controller compares the target temperature T. t With the current temperature T c If T t <T c Switch the first reversing valve 34 to the cooling chamber 35 path; if T t >T c Switch to path 36 in the heating chamber; if |T t -T c |≤0.5℃, activate bypass pipeline (energy saving mode).

[0095] The heat exchange process of gas flowing through the temperature-controlled chamber:

[0096] Cooling chamber 35: Semiconductor cooling chip 351 cools at a rate of 5℃ / min, and gas residence time ≥10s;

[0097] Heating chamber 36: Resistance heater 361 heats up at a rate of 10℃ / min, and gas flow rate ≤5L / min.

[0098] The above embodiments upgrade temperature-pressure regulation from series cascade control to parallel coordinated control, providing high-fidelity environmental simulation capabilities for CO2 storage experiments.

[0099] In this embodiment, the monitoring system 5 includes a TDLAS laser spectrometer 51, a piezoresistive thin-film sensor 52, an FBG fiber optic sensor 53, and a triaxial accelerometer 54. The TDLAS laser spectrometer 51 is located at the center and four corners of the cabin top, forming a cross monitoring network; the piezoresistive thin-film sensor 52 is evenly distributed on the elastic pad 18, which is made of silicone-graphene composite film (2mm thick) with a 5cm×5cm grid embedded inside, used to collect pressure information on six surfaces during the movement of the modular rock layer assembly 11; the FBG fiber optic sensor 53 is uniformly embedded in the modular rock layer assembly 11, used to detect strain and pore pressure; the triaxial accelerometer 54 is installed at the center of the modular rock layer assembly 11, used to monitor and collect XYZ three-dimensional inertial and vibration impact information.

[0100] Specifically, the TDLAS laser spectrometer 51 uses a laser beam to penetrate the chamber and measure the absorbance at specific wavelengths (1.57μm / 4.23μm) to invert the concentration distribution. A vertical beam from the top of the chamber plus 30° angled beams from the four corners form a three-dimensional monitoring network. An audible and visual alarm is triggered when the concentration is >0.08% (response time 0.5s). When the FBG fiber optic sensor 53 detects a sudden change in strain, the TDLAS focuses and scans the corresponding area. The piezoresistive thin-film sensor 52 outputs the interlayer pressure gradient based on the pressure-resistance change: ΔR / R=K·P (K=0.05Ω / MPa). When the pressure is >1MPa / cm, the hydraulic cylinder 23 in the low-pressure zone increases the pressure by 15%. When vibration causes... If oscillation > 20%, lock the hydraulic system. FBG fiber optic sensor 53 fiber optic grating wavelength shift: Δλ / λ = Kε·ε + K_T·ΔT (Kε = 0.78, K_T = 6.7 × 10⁻⁶) -6 / ℃), 10cm×5cm×5cm three-dimensional grid deployment (single chamber > 200 measuring points), when ε > 300με, reduce injection pressure by 10% - temperature compensation: triaxial accelerometer 54 provides vibration Δt to correct FBG temperature drift error. Triaxial inertial force detection of triaxial accelerometer 54: a = [a_x, a_y, a_z] (range ± 50g), when a > 15g, hydraulic speed reduction by 20% provides high-frequency vibration phase to compensate for FBG response delay.

[0101] By deeply integrating physical coupling design (piezoresistive film embedded in elastic layer), optical cross-validation (TDLAS+FBG), and dynamic compensation algorithm (accelerometer delay correction), a full-scale monitoring closed loop from millimeter-level pores to meter-level cabins is achieved.

[0102] When the piezoresistive thin film sensor 52 detects the interlayer pressure gradient When the strain ε monitored by the distributed fiber optic sensor is greater than k2, the CO2 injection pressure is reduced; where k1 and k2 are preset thresholds.

[0103] The hydraulically driven modular rock formation component 11 tilts. When the interlayer piezoresistive sensor displays a pressure difference > 1 MPa, the tilting speed is reduced, and the proportional valve is finely adjusted to compensate for the low-pressure area. At this time, the piezoresistive thin-film sensor 52 and the FBG fiber optic sensor 53 provide joint feedback. During CO2 injection, the opening of the injection pipe proportional valve is dynamically adjusted according to the pore pressure distribution monitored by the FBG. At this time, the pore pressure monitored by the FBG fiber optic sensor 53 and the differential pressure sensor monitored by the piezoresistive thin-film sensor 52 provide collaborative feedback.

[0104] In this embodiment, the observation mechanism 6 includes a robotic arm 61, a CCD camera 62, and a rotating platform. The robotic arm 61 is mounted on one side of the model cabin 1; the CCD camera 62 is mounted on the robotic arm 61; the rotating platform is connected to the base 27 and is used to drive the base 27 to rotate. Specifically, the robotic arm 61 can drive the CCD camera 62 to change and adapt in angular position, enabling the acquisition of optimal image information. In addition, a speed-regulating motor is installed inside the rotating platform, which works in conjunction with a gear rotation mechanism to drive the rotation. Since the above technologies are all prior art, they will not be described in detail here (a BZP electric turntable can be used).

[0105] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A physical simulation experiment and observation device for CO2 injection and storage, characterized in that: include The model cabin contains a modular rock layer assembly that is detachably installed inside. The modular rock layer assembly is connected to the model cabin to achieve power and air supply. A drive system connected to the model cabin is used to drive the modular rock strata components within the model cabin, enabling three-dimensional translation and adjustment of tilt angle and dip direction; A CO2 injection module is used to provide CO2 and tracer gas, and inject the mixture into the modular rock formation component to trace the CO2 within the modular rock formation component. The control module is connected to the CO2 injection module and the model chamber. The control module includes a pressure control unit and a temperature control unit. The control module is used to regulate the temperature and pressure of the gas in the CO2 injection module and then input it into the model chamber. A monitoring system, installed inside the model cabin, is used to collect real-time data on strain, pressure, concentration, and vibration of the modular rock strata components. The PLC is used to receive monitoring data and control the coordinated operation of the hydraulic drive, multi-parameter control, and injection modules. The observation mechanism is used to take pictures and detect the modular rock strata components after they are driven, and to collect image information; The model cabin is made of transparent material. The interior of the model cabin is divided into multiple compartments by partitions. Each compartment has an elastic padding layer attached to one of the six surfaces corresponding to the modular rock layer component. The modular rock layer component is installed inside the compartment, and the model cabin is equipped with an electrical contact piece that connects to the modular rock layer component for power supply, as well as an electromagnetic lock for locking. The drive system includes The Y-axis linear module is connected to the model cabin via a connecting seat and is used to drive the model cabin to move in the Y-axis direction; The X-axis linear module is connected to the Y-axis linear module via a support base and is used to drive the model cabin to move in the X-axis direction; Hydraulic cylinders, at least 4 sets of which are respectively installed at the four corners of the support base of the X-axis linear module, drive the model cabin to move in the Z-axis direction by working synchronously, and drive the model cabin to tilt by working asynchronously. The CO2 injection module includes Tracer gas cylinders and CO2 gas cylinders; A flow quality controller, which is connected to the tracer gas cylinder and the CO2 gas cylinder via a solenoid valve and a pipeline; A static mixer, connected to the flow quality controller, is used to mix CO2 gas and tracer gas; The control module includes a pressure control unit. The pressure control unit includes A booster pump, the air inlet of which is connected to the temperature control unit. A proportional regulating valve is connected to the outlet of the booster pump and is used to regulate the gas pressure. The control module also includes a temperature control unit. The temperature control unit includes A first reversing valve is connected to the static mixer; A cooling chamber is connected to the first reversing valve, and a semiconductor cooling chip is installed inside the cooling chamber for cooling the mixed gas. A heating chamber is connected to the first reversing valve, and a resistance heater is installed inside the heating chamber for heating the mixed gas. The monitoring system includes The TDLAS laser spectrometer is located in the center and four corners of the cabin roof, forming a cross monitoring network. A piezoresistive thin-film sensor, which is evenly distributed in the elastic pad layer, is used to collect pressure information from six surfaces during the movement of the modular rock stratum assembly. An FBG fiber optic sensor is uniformly embedded in the modular rock formation assembly for detecting strain and pore pressure. A triaxial accelerometer is installed at the center of the modular rock stratum assembly to monitor and collect XYZ triaxial inertial and vibration impact information; When the piezoresistive thin-film sensor detects the interlayer pressure gradient When P>k1, activate the partitioned hydraulic compensation; When the strain ε > k2 is monitored by the distributed fiber optic sensor, the CO2 injection pressure is reduced; Where k1 and k2 are preset thresholds; The observation agency includes A robotic arm, which is mounted on one side of the model cabin; CCD camera, which is mounted on a robotic arm; A rotating platform connected to a base for driving the base to rotate.

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