Battery thermal runaway protection method, device and equipment, vehicle and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery thermal runaway protection method, device and equipment, a vehicle and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a target signal of a ferromagnetic trigger assembly arranged beside an electric pile of a fuel cell in a target vehicle; wherein the ferromagnetic trigger assembly comprises a magnetic core of a ferromagnetic material; determining the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the target signal; responding when the real-time temperature reaches the preset temperature threshold value, and controlling a protection component beside the electric pile to carry out fireproof operation; wherein the preset temperature threshold value is the same as the Curie point temperature of the magnetic core. According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the detection accuracy of the thermal runaway of the electric pile can be improved, and the safety of a vehicle battery is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of automobile manufacturing technology, and in particular to a battery thermal runaway protection method, device, equipment, vehicle, and medium. Background Art

[0002] Current early warning methods for thermal runaway in new energy vehicle batteries generally focus on determining the rate of change of temperature or voltage, using various sensors for vehicle safety precautions. However, methods that rely solely on identifying the rate of change of temperature or voltage are susceptible to sampling errors, resulting in low sampling accuracy or even failure, a high risk of false alarms, and low accuracy in identifying battery thermal runaway, which can pose certain safety risks to vehicle batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application provides a battery thermal runaway protection method, device, equipment, vehicle and medium to improve the accuracy of identifying vehicle battery thermal runaway, thereby preventing the safety hazards caused by battery thermal runaway to the vehicle.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present application, a battery thermal runaway protection method is provided, comprising:

[0005] Acquiring a target signal from a ferromagnetic trigger assembly disposed adjacent to a fuel cell stack in a target vehicle; wherein the ferromagnetic trigger assembly includes a magnetic core made of a ferromagnetic material;

[0006] Determine the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the target signal;

[0007] In response to the real-time temperature reaching a preset temperature threshold, the protection component next to the battery stack is controlled to perform a fire prevention operation; wherein the preset temperature threshold is the same as the Curie point temperature of the magnetic core.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present application, a battery thermal runaway protection device is provided, comprising:

[0009] A signal acquisition module, configured to acquire a target signal from a ferromagnetic trigger assembly disposed adjacent to a fuel cell stack in a target vehicle; wherein the ferromagnetic trigger assembly includes a magnetic core made of a ferromagnetic material;

[0010] A temperature determination module is used to determine the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the target signal;

[0011] The fire prevention operation module is used to control the protection components next to the battery stack to perform fire prevention operations in response to the real-time temperature reaching a preset temperature threshold; wherein the preset temperature threshold is the same as the Curie point temperature of the magnetic core.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, comprising:

[0013] at least one processor; and

[0014] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0015] The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the computer program is executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the battery thermal runaway protection method described in any embodiment of the present application.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present application, a vehicle is provided, wherein the vehicle is provided with an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application, for implementing the battery thermal runaway protection method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a processor to implement the battery thermal runaway protection method described in any embodiment of the present application when executed.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present application, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the battery thermal runaway protection method according to any embodiment of the present application.

[0019] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a ferromagnetic trigger component including a magnetic core made of ferromagnetic material is arranged next to the fuel cell stack to indirectly detect the temperature of the stack by detecting the change in the ferromagnetic properties of the magnetic core, thereby providing a fire prevention measure for the stack. Compared with the temperature or voltage sensors in the prior art that are easily affected and result in a high false detection rate, by detecting the transformation of ferromagnetic properties that are not easily affected, it is determined whether the stack may have thermal runaway, thereby providing safety protection for the vehicle's battery. Ferromagnetic materials are very sensitive to changes in ferromagnetism caused by temperature, so this indirect means can improve the detection accuracy of possible thermal runaway in the stack.

[0020] It should be understood that the content described in this section is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present application. Other features of the present application will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1This is a flow chart of a battery thermal runaway protection method provided in accordance with the first embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of temperature changes during thermal runaway of a fuel cell stack according to the second embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal runaway protection device provided in accordance with the third embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for implementing the battery thermal runaway protection method according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Figure 1 A flowchart of a battery thermal runaway protection method is provided for the first embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is applicable to the case of thermal runaway identification and protection of fuel cells in new energy vehicles. The method can be executed by a battery thermal runaway protection device, which can be implemented in the form of hardware and / or software. The battery thermal runaway protection device can be configured in an electronic device, which can be configured in a vehicle. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0030] S110. Acquire a target signal of a ferromagnetic trigger component disposed next to a fuel cell stack in a target vehicle; wherein the ferromagnetic trigger component includes a magnetic core of a ferromagnetic material.

[0031] Among them, the target vehicle can be any vehicle that includes a fuel cell, such as a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, etc. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the type and model of the target vehicle. The fuel cell stack is a core component for storing and releasing electrical energy. The ferromagnetic trigger component can be a combination of a series of components for monitoring the stack and reflecting the working status of the stack. For example, it can include a magnetic core made of ferromagnetic material, a sensor for detecting the magnetic core, etc. The target signal can be the status signal of the magnetic core fed back by the ferromagnetic trigger component to the vehicle. The stack generates heat differently under different working conditions, so it will affect the magnetic core arranged next to the stack to varying degrees, thereby generating different target signals. Exemplarily, the target signal can be used to feedback the ferromagnetic state of the magnetic core. Affected by the temperature of the stack, the ferromagnetism of the magnetic core arranged next to the stack may change accordingly.

[0032] S120: Determine the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the target signal.

[0033] It's understandable that the target signal represents the changing ferromagnetism of the core. The core is made of ferromagnetic material, and its ferromagnetism gradually changes as the temperature of the battery stack increases. In particular, when the core's temperature continues to rise, its ferromagnetism completely disappears, effectively becoming paramagnetic. The core's real-time temperature at this point is actually the Curie point of the ferromagnetic material.

[0034] It should be noted that ferromagnetic materials have strong magnetism after being magnetized, but as the temperature rises, the intensification of the thermal motion of the metal lattice will affect the orderly arrangement of the magnetic domain moments. When the temperature reaches a level sufficient to destroy the neat arrangement of the magnetic domain moments, the magnetic domains are disintegrated, the average magnetic moment becomes zero, the magnetism of the ferromagnetic material disappears and becomes a paramagnetic material, and a series of ferromagnetic properties associated with the magnetic domains (such as high magnetic permeability, hysteresis loop, magnetostriction, etc.) all disappear. The temperature corresponding to the disappearance of ferromagnetism is the Curie point temperature. Ferromagnetic materials have regularity, and good stability, repeatability and reversibility. Therefore, this regularity can be used to protect the fuel cell stack. It is conceivable that when the magnetic core reaches the Curie point temperature, the temperature of the stack that affects the temperature of the magnetic core will also inevitably reach the temperature value corresponding to the Curie point temperature. Of course, the sensor for detecting the magnetic core included in the ferromagnetic trigger assembly can be a related sensor for detecting the ferromagnetism change of the magnetic core, such as detecting whether ferromagnetism is converted into paramagnetism. The specific model of the sensor is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0035] In an optional implementation, determining the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the target signal in S120 may include: judging whether the ferromagnetism of the magnetic core has changed according to the target signal; and determining the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the judgment result.

[0036] The target signal can be used to characterize changes in the ferromagnetism of the core. Therefore, based on the target signal, it can be directly determined whether the core has transitioned from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism. Continuing with the previous example, if the core transitions from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism, it can be determined that the core's real-time temperature has reached the Curie point of the ferromagnetic material.

[0037] S130. In response to the real-time temperature reaching a preset temperature threshold, controlling the protection component next to the battery stack to perform a fire prevention operation; wherein the preset temperature threshold is the same as the Curie point temperature of the magnetic core.

[0038] The preset temperature threshold is used to determine whether fire prevention measures are required for the battery stack. When the real-time temperature of the magnetic core reaches this threshold, the battery stack is deemed to require fire prevention and combustion prevention measures. Setting the preset temperature threshold to the Curie point of the magnetic core effectively determines whether the battery stack is about to experience thermal runaway based on core temperature fluctuations.

[0039] To understand it the other way around, a ferromagnetic material whose Curie point temperature corresponds to the temperature value at which the battery stack may experience thermal runaway is used to make a magnetic core, thereby shifting from directly detecting the temperature change of the battery stack to detecting the change in the ferromagnetic properties of the magnetic core. As described above, when it is detected that the ferromagnetism of the magnetic core is converted into paramagnetism, it means that the temperature of the magnetic core has reached the Curie point temperature of the ferromagnetic material. Then, a preset temperature threshold set to the Curie point temperature will assist in determining whether the battery stack needs to be protected at this time, that is, triggering a fire prevention operation.

[0040] In a further optional embodiment, in response to the real-time temperature reaching a preset temperature threshold, controlling the protection component next to the fuel cell stack to perform a fire prevention operation in S130 may include:

[0041] In response to the real-time temperature rising to a preset temperature threshold, the protection component is controlled to release physical oxygen absorbers and chemical oxygen scavengers simultaneously to achieve a fire prevention effect;

[0042] Among them, the physical oxygen absorber includes preset doses of heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane and pentafluoropropane; the chemical oxygen scavenger includes preset doses of sodium sulfite, hydrazine, dimethyl ketoxime, acetone oxime, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium hexamethylenetetrahydrogenate and ferrous hydroxide.

[0043] When the real-time temperature of the magnetic core rises to a preset temperature threshold, a combination of physical oxygen absorption and chemical deoxygenation is used to achieve a more thorough flame retardant oxygen absorption effect. Among them, heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane, and pentafluoropropane flame retardants have excellent cleanliness (completely vaporizing in the atmosphere without leaving residue) and good gas-phase electrical insulation, making them suitable for extinguishing electrical fires through full flooding flame retardancy and protecting other electrical accessories within the fuel cell system. Deoxygenators such as sodium sulfite, hydrazine, dimethyl ketoxime, acetone oxime, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium hexadecanoate, and ferrous hydroxide can effectively and thoroughly remove residual oxygen over a long period of time, further protecting the fuel cell stack.

[0044] In the above embodiment, by providing a dual flame retardant mode of a physical oxygen absorber and a chemical oxygen scavenger, other electrical accessories in the battery are protected, which can effectively prevent the battery from catching fire, thereby ensuring the safety of new energy vehicles.

[0045] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a ferromagnetic trigger component including a magnetic core made of ferromagnetic material is arranged next to the fuel cell stack to indirectly detect the temperature of the stack by detecting the change in the ferromagnetic properties of the magnetic core, thereby providing a fire prevention measure for the stack. Compared with the temperature or voltage sensors in the prior art that are easily affected and result in a high false detection rate, by detecting the transformation of ferromagnetic properties that are not easily affected, it is determined whether the stack may have thermal runaway, thereby providing safety protection for the vehicle's battery. Ferromagnetic materials are very sensitive to changes in ferromagnetism caused by temperature, so this indirect means can improve the detection accuracy of possible thermal runaway in the stack.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, the magnetic core is determined by:

[0047] The fuel cell stack is inspected through preset computer scanning and infrared thermal imaging to determine the stack's self-heating starting temperature and thermal runaway initiation temperature; based on the self-heating starting temperature and thermal runaway initiation temperature, the stack's thermal runaway starting temperature is determined; and a ferromagnetic material with a Curie point temperature at the thermal runaway starting temperature is used as the magnetic core.

[0048] The self-heating starting temperature (SHT) is the lowest temperature critical point at which the heat generated by the internal electrochemical reaction of a fuel cell during startup or operation is sufficient to maintain a stable or continuously rising temperature. This parameter reflects the fuel cell's ability to transition from relying on external heat sources to a state of "self-sustaining thermal equilibrium."

[0049] Correspondingly, the thermal runaway trigger temperature (TIT) refers to the critical temperature at which the internal exothermic reaction in a battery self-accelerates during thermal runaway, causing an irreversible temperature spike. This temperature marks the transition from a controllable state to an uncontrollable, chain-like exothermic phase, and is a core warning line in battery safety design. In other words, when the stack temperature exceeds the TIT, the battery has fully entered a state of thermal runaway, potentially posing a fire or explosion risk.

[0050] Correspondingly, the thermal runaway initiation temperature (TIT) refers to the initial temperature threshold at which, under abnormal operating conditions, uncontrollable exothermic reactions within a fuel cell trigger a chain reaction, causing a rapid temperature rise and potentially leading to combustion or explosion. In other words, a stack temperature above the TIT indicates that the battery is heading towards thermal runaway, ultimately causing fire or even explosion when the TIT is reached.

[0051] Through a combination of computer scanning and infrared thermal imaging, the target vehicle battery stack's self-heating onset temperature and thermal runaway initiation temperature are first determined. Furthermore, the thermal runaway initiation temperature is determined within this temperature threshold. A ferromagnetic material with a Curie point temperature at the thermal runaway initiation temperature is used as the magnetic core. In other words, the Curie point temperature of the magnetic core is the thermal runaway initiation temperature of the battery stack. When the core reaches the Curie point temperature, the ferromagnetism disappears and becomes paramagnetic. By detecting this change in ferromagnetism, it is indirectly determined whether the battery stack has reached the thermal runaway initiation temperature, providing accurate and reliable evidence for battery fire prevention measures.

[0052] In a further optional embodiment, the detection of the fuel cell stack by a preset computer scan and infrared thermal imaging to determine the stack's self-heating starting temperature and thermal runaway initiation temperature may include:

[0053] The material phase change enthalpy of the fuel cell stack is calibrated by computer scanning and differential scanning calorimetry. The material phase change enthalpy is input into a pre-built Arrhenius kinetic model to calculate the starting temperature of the fuel cell stack's self-heating. The two-dimensional temperature field gradient of the fuel cell stack during the thermal runaway propagation stage is obtained through infrared thermal imaging. The thermal runaway initiation temperature is determined based on the two-dimensional temperature field gradient.

[0054] Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal analysis method that measures the relationship between the power difference (e.g., in the form of heat) input to a sample and a reference material and the temperature under program-controlled temperature. The phase change enthalpy is the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance during a phase change. The Arrhenius kinetic model is based on the Arrhenius equation, which quantitatively identifies the relationship between the rate constant and temperature. The activation energy in the Arrhenius equation can be derived and calculated from the phase change enthalpy. Therefore, the phase change enthalpy of the battery stack material is first calibrated using computer scanning and differential scanning calorimetry. Based on this phase change enthalpy, the activation energy of the battery stack material is derived. This is then input into the Arrhenius equation for calculation to obtain the self-heating criterion for the battery stack. The temperature at which this self-heating criterion is reached is then determined, which is the self-heating onset temperature.

[0055] For example, the DCS method is used to detect and calculate the phase change enthalpy of the fuel cell material. The activation energy is then derived based on the phase change enthalpy using classical nucleation theory. The Arrhenius equation is then analyzed as follows:

[0056]

[0057] Where k is the reaction rate constant in units of concentration, T is the absolute temperature, and E a is the activation energy, and R is the molar gas constant.

[0058] According to the above Arrhenius model, the conditions for the criterion of self-generation heating are derived, that is, when the heat generation rate is greater than or equal to the heat dissipation rate, it is the starting point of self-generation heating, which corresponds to the starting temperature value of self-generation heating.

[0059] On the other hand, infrared thermal imaging is used to obtain the two-dimensional temperature field gradient of the fuel cell stack during the thermal runaway propagation stage. The gradient threshold method is used for analysis based on the two-dimensional temperature field gradient, and the maximum temperature gradient at the heat propagation front is calculated. When the gradient exceeds the thermal diffusion capacity of the material, it can be considered that thermal runaway is triggered. At this time, the corresponding fuel cell temperature is the thermal runaway triggering temperature.

[0060] In the above embodiment, computer scanning and infrared thermal imaging are used for joint detection to obtain the self-heating starting temperature and thermal runaway initiation temperature of the fuel cell stack of the target vehicle, respectively, and then the temperature range of the stack from the beginning of self-heating to the occurrence of thermal runaway is obtained, which provides a basis and foundation for determining the appropriate time to perform fire prevention operations, and helps to improve the accuracy and safety of battery protection.

[0061] In another optional embodiment, determining the thermal runaway starting temperature of the stack based on the self-heating starting temperature and the thermal runaway initiation temperature may include:

[0062] A thermal runaway coupling model of the fuel cell stack is constructed based on the structural parameters of the fuel cell stack obtained by computer scanning and the material characteristic parameters of the fuel cell stack collected by differential scanning calorimetry. Based on the thermal runaway coupling model, the temperature distribution curve of the fuel cell stack is simulated and generated. The thermal runaway starting temperature is determined within the range between the self-heating starting temperature and the thermal runaway initiation temperature.

[0063] Among them, the structural parameters may include but are not limited to the pole piece alignment and deformation coefficient of the battery stack; the material characteristic parameters may include but are not limited to decomposition enthalpy, melting temperature and vaporization enthalpy. A thermal runaway coupling model is constructed based on the structural parameters and material characteristic parameters of the battery stack to simulate the process of heating and thermal runaway of the battery stack, and a temperature distribution curve is generated. The thermal runaway starting temperature is determined within the temperature range of the self-heating starting temperature and the thermal runaway initiation temperature determined in the above steps. Of course, within this temperature range, the temperature distribution curve tends to rise with time. In this process, the slope of the curve can be used to determine which point on the curve corresponds to the temperature of the thermal runaway starting temperature. Of course, the slope can be set by relevant technical personnel based on a large number of experiments or actual conditions, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0064] It is understandable that fire prevention operations can be performed at the thermal runaway starting temperature to prevent uncontrolled fire or explosion when the thermal runaway triggering temperature is reached. This can provide flame retardant and explosion-proof capabilities as early as possible, ensuring the safety of the vehicle.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of temperature changes during thermal runaway of the stack provided in Example 2 of this application. This example is a specific example provided on the basis of the aforementioned embodiments. Figure 2 As shown, specifically including:

[0067] First, nondestructive testing (NDT) using bench testing or computed tomography (CT) and infrared combined testing techniques is used to accurately diagnose the battery's multi-dimensional condition. This technology combines the 3D reconstruction capabilities of X-ray tomography with the thermal analysis advantages of infrared spectroscopy to create a comprehensive battery material, structure, and thermal property analysis platform, providing critical data support for the health management of power batteries throughout their lifecycle.

[0068] The predictive analysis of T1, T2, and TC of the battery is carried out, specifically including: This technology realizes accurate prediction of the thermal runaway evolution process by constructing a three-dimensional evaluation model of T1 (self-heating starting temperature), T2 (thermal runaway initiation temperature), and TC (thermal runaway starting temperature). Among them, the T1 parameter uses differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to calibrate the material phase change enthalpy value, and combines the Arrhenius kinetic model (Arrhenius formula) to calculate the starting point of the active material's self-heating; the T2 index uses a high-speed infrared thermal imager (sampling rate 500Hz) to capture the two-dimensional temperature field gradient during the thermal runaway propagation stage, and uses the Fourier heat conduction equation to invert to obtain the maximum temperature rise rate (ΔT / Δt ≥ 10℃ / s); the TC parameter integrates the battery specific heat capacity (Cp) and thermal diffusion coefficient (α), and calculates the critical energy threshold of thermal runaway (≥ 1.2kJ / Ah) under the system's adiabatic conditions through finite element simulation.

[0069] Relying on a multi-physics field coupling algorithm, the analysis system correlates structural parameters such as pole piece alignment and shell deformation obtained from CT scanning of the battery cell with thermodynamic properties for modeling. It can warn of the risk of thermal runaway caused by internal short circuit 300 cycles in advance, with a prediction accuracy of ±1.5°C, providing key theoretical support for the thermal management design of power battery systems.

[0070] The fuel cell stack was then scientifically and rationally simplified. Through nondestructive testing using computed tomography and infrared combined with simulation software, one-dimensional thermal runaway simulations were conducted on the fuel cell stack. The thermal failure mechanism was analyzed using a coupled thermal runaway model constructed within the software's multi-physics simulation platform. This simulation system integrates a three-dimensional electrochemical model with a one-dimensional thermal network model to create a digital twin system encompassing the thermal characteristics of cell-level materials, module structural parameters, and cooling system boundary conditions, enabling accurate reproduction of the thermal runaway chain reaction process.

[0071] In the model construction stage, the structural parameters such as the pole piece alignment and deformation coefficient obtained by the CT scan of the battery cell are first imported, combined with the key material characteristic parameters such as the decomposition enthalpy (1.2-1.8kJ / g), melting temperature (135±5℃), and vaporization enthalpy (260kJ / kg) obtained by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test. By setting the short-circuit trigger condition (internal resistance mutation ≥5mΩ) to activate the thermal runaway process, the simulation system will calculate the dynamic coupling relationship between the internal heat generation rate (Qgen), thermal diffusion coefficient (α=0.25W / m·K) and specific heat capacity (Cp=1.2kJ / kg·K) in real time, output the temperature field gradient distribution and heat flow transfer path, and then obtain the temperature ranges of T1 and T2 of the fuel cell stack, such as Figure 2 Simulation results show that the model's prediction error for the thermal runaway propagation rate is ≤8%, effectively guiding cold plate flow channel topology optimization and extending the module-level thermal runaway suppression time window to over 180 seconds.

[0072] The current direction of technological evolution focuses on the integrated electric-thermal-gas multiphase coupling algorithm. By introducing the positive electrode oxygen release reaction kinetic equation (k=2.3×10^5exp(-9500 / T)) and the vapor pressure model, the component concentration of the thermal runaway eruption gas can be predicted, providing key theoretical support for safety design.

[0073] On the basis of the above content, according to the required working conditions of the circuit, a suitable magnetic core is selected, and a magnetic core safety protection material with a Curie point temperature of Tc is selected to further design the fuel cell thermal safety warning protection device (equivalent to the ferromagnetic trigger component and fire protection operation hardware device in the above embodiment). Tc is between T1 and T2, and the specific value of Tc can be further confirmed according to actual conditions.

[0074] When the fuel cell stack reaches Tc, the ferromagnetic core becomes a paramagnetic material, generating a signal through the sensor to trigger a safety alarm and activate the fuel cell safety protection device to begin the next step of protection. Ferromagnetic materials have strong magnetism after being magnetized, but as the temperature rises, the intensified thermal motion of the metal lattice affects the orderly arrangement of the magnetic moments of the magnetic domains. When the temperature reaches a level high enough to destroy the neat arrangement of the magnetic moments of the magnetic domains, the magnetic domains are disintegrated, the average magnetic moment becomes zero, the magnetism of the ferromagnetic material disappears and it becomes a paramagnetic material. A series of ferromagnetic properties associated with the magnetic domains (such as high magnetic permeability, hysteresis loops, magnetostriction, etc.) all disappear. The temperature corresponding to the disappearance of ferromagnetism is the Curie point temperature. Ferromagnetic materials have regularity and good stability, repeatability, and reversibility. Therefore, this regularity can be used to protect fuel cell stacks.

[0075] Fire prevention measures utilize a combination of physical oxygen absorption and chemical deoxygenation, resulting in a more thorough flame retardant oxygen absorption effect. When a fuel cell safety alarm is triggered, the corresponding fuel cell safety protection device activates, and the safety protection materials within the device (heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane, and deoxygenating agents such as sodium sulfite, hydrazine, dimethylketoxime, acetone oxime, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium 2,644-tetrahydrofuran, and ferrous hydroxide) are deployed for the next safety protection step. The specific metering ratio can be flexibly adjusted based on design requirements.

[0076] Heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane, and pentafluoropropane flame retardants offer excellent cleanliness (completely vaporizing in the atmosphere without leaving residue) and excellent vapor-phase electrical insulation properties, making them suitable for extinguishing electrical fires through full flooding and protecting electrical accessories within fuel cell systems. Oxygen scavengers such as sodium sulfite, hydrazine, dimethylketoxime, acetone oxime, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium 2,6-tetrahydrocannabinol, and ferrous hydroxide can effectively and thoroughly remove residual oxygen over a long period of time, further protecting fuel cell stacks.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery thermal runaway protection device provided in Example 3 of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the device 300 includes:

[0079] The signal acquisition module 310 is used to acquire a target signal of a ferromagnetic trigger component provided next to a fuel cell stack in a target vehicle; wherein the ferromagnetic trigger component includes a magnetic core of a ferromagnetic material;

[0080] The temperature determination module 320 is used to determine the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the target signal;

[0081] The fire prevention operation module 330 is used to control the protection components next to the battery stack to perform fire prevention operations in response to the real-time temperature reaching a preset temperature threshold; wherein the preset temperature threshold is the same as the Curie point temperature of the magnetic core.

[0082] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a ferromagnetic trigger component including a magnetic core made of ferromagnetic material is arranged next to the fuel cell stack to indirectly detect the temperature of the stack by detecting the change in the ferromagnetic properties of the magnetic core, thereby providing a fire prevention measure for the stack. Compared with the temperature or voltage sensors in the prior art that are easily affected and result in a high false detection rate, by detecting the transformation of ferromagnetic properties that are not easily affected, it is determined whether the stack may have thermal runaway, thereby providing safety protection for the vehicle's battery. Ferromagnetic materials are very sensitive to changes in ferromagnetism caused by temperature, so this indirect means can improve the detection accuracy of possible thermal runaway in the stack.

[0083] In an optional implementation, the apparatus 300 further includes a magnetic core determination module, wherein the magnetic core determination module includes:

[0084] A heat-related temperature determination unit is used to detect the fuel cell stack through preset computer scanning and infrared thermal imaging to determine the stack's self-heating starting temperature and thermal runaway initiation temperature;

[0085] A thermal runaway starting temperature determination unit, configured to determine the thermal runaway starting temperature of the stack based on the self-heating starting temperature and the thermal runaway initiation temperature;

[0086] The magnetic core selection unit is used to select a ferromagnetic material whose Curie point temperature is a thermal runaway starting temperature as the magnetic core.

[0087] In an optional implementation, the fever-related temperature determination unit may include:

[0088] A phase change enthalpy determination subunit is used to calibrate the phase change enthalpy of the material of the fuel cell stack by computer scanning and using differential scanning calorimetry;

[0089] The self-heating starting temperature determination subunit is used to input the material phase change enthalpy value into the pre-built Arrhenius kinetic model to calculate the self-heating starting temperature of the fuel cell stack;

[0090] A two-dimensional temperature field gradient determination subunit is used to obtain the two-dimensional temperature field gradient of the fuel cell stack during the thermal runaway propagation stage through infrared thermal imaging;

[0091] The thermal runaway initiation temperature determination subunit is used to determine the thermal runaway initiation temperature based on the two-dimensional temperature field gradient.

[0092] In an optional implementation, the thermal runaway starting temperature determination unit may include:

[0093] A thermal runaway coupling model building subunit is used to build a thermal runaway coupling model of the fuel cell stack based on the structural parameters of the fuel cell stack obtained by computer scanning and the material characteristic parameters of the fuel cell stack collected by differential scanning calorimetry;

[0094] The temperature distribution curve generation subunit is used to simulate and generate the temperature distribution curve of the fuel cell stack based on the thermal runaway coupling model;

[0095] The thermal runaway starting temperature determination subunit is used to determine the thermal runaway starting temperature within the range of the self-heating starting temperature and the thermal runaway initiation temperature.

[0096] In an optional implementation, the temperature determination module 320 may include:

[0097] A ferromagnetic change detection unit is used to determine whether the ferromagnetism of the magnetic core has changed based on the target signal;

[0098] The real-time temperature determination unit is used to determine the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the judgment result.

[0099] In an optional implementation, the fire prevention operation module 330 may be specifically used to:

[0100] In response to the real-time temperature rising to a preset temperature threshold, the protection component is controlled to release physical oxygen absorbers and chemical oxygen scavengers simultaneously to achieve a fire prevention effect;

[0101] Among them, the physical oxygen absorber includes preset doses of heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane and pentafluoropropane; the chemical oxygen scavenger includes preset doses of sodium sulfite, hydrazine, dimethyl ketoxime, acetone oxime, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium hexamethylenetetrahydrogenate and ferrous hydroxide.

[0102] The battery thermal runaway protection device provided in the embodiments of the present application can execute the battery thermal runaway protection method provided in any embodiment of the present application, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing each battery thermal runaway protection method.

[0103] Example 4

[0104] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 10 that can be used to implement an embodiment of the present application is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processing, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices (such as helmets, glasses, watches, etc.) and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present application described and / or required herein.

[0105] like Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12, a random access memory (RAM) 13, etc., which is communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11. The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the read-only memory (ROM) 12 or the computer program loaded from the storage unit 18 into the random access memory (RAM) 13. Various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10 can also be stored in the RAM 13. The processor 11, ROM 12, and RAM 13 are connected to each other via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0106] Multiple components in the electronic device 10 are connected to the I / O interface 15, including an input unit 16, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 18, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 19, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 19 allows the electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices via a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0107] The processor 11 can be any general-purpose and / or specialized processing component with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various specialized artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any other suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The processor 11 executes the various methods and processes described above, such as the battery thermal runaway protection method.

[0108] In an embodiment of the present application, a vehicle is further provided, which is provided with the aforementioned electronic device for implementing a battery thermal runaway protection method described in each embodiment and implementation method of the present application.

[0109] In some embodiments, the battery thermal runaway protection method may be implemented as a computer program, which is tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on the electronic device 10 via the ROM 12 and / or the communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 13 and executed by the processor 11, one or more steps of the battery thermal runaway protection method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the processor 11 may be configured to execute the battery thermal runaway protection method in any other appropriate manner (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0110] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-chip systems (SOCs), programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments can include being implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and / or interpreted on a programmable system that includes at least one programmable processor, which can be a special purpose or general purpose programmable processor that can receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0111] Computer programs for implementing the methods of the present application may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when the computer program is executed by the processor, the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams are implemented. The computer program may be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0112] In the context of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that can contain or store a computer program for use by an instruction execution system, device or equipment or used in combination with an instruction execution system, device or equipment. A computer-readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor systems, devices or equipment, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium can be a machine-readable signal medium. A more specific example of a machine-readable storage medium can include an electrical connection based on one or more lines, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0113] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0114] The systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in a computing system that includes back-end components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes front-end components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such back-end components, middleware components, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a blockchain network, and the Internet.

[0115] A computing system may include clients and servers. The clients and servers are typically remote from each other and typically interact via a communication network. This client-server relationship arises through computer programs running on the respective computers, creating a client-server relationship. The server may be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host. This server is a hosting product within the cloud computing service ecosystem that addresses the management difficulties and limited scalability of traditional physical hosting and VPS services.

[0116] The present application also discloses a computer program product, comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the battery thermal runaway protection method provided in any of the embodiments of the present application. This program product shares the same inventive concept as the battery thermal runaway protection method disclosed in each embodiment of the present application and is therefore not further described here.

[0117] It should be understood that the various forms of the processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this application can be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solution of this application can be achieved. This is not limited herein.

[0118] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may be made based on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A battery thermal runaway protection method, characterized in that: include: Acquiring a target signal from a ferromagnetic trigger component disposed adjacent to a fuel cell stack in a target vehicle; wherein the ferromagnetic trigger component includes a magnetic core made of a ferromagnetic material; determining the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the target signal; In response to the real-time temperature reaching a preset temperature threshold, a protection component next to the battery stack is controlled to perform a fire prevention operation; wherein the preset temperature threshold is the same as the Curie point temperature of the magnetic core.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The magnetic core is determined by: The fuel cell stack is inspected by pre-set computer scanning and infrared thermal imaging to determine the self-heating starting temperature and thermal runaway initiation temperature of the fuel cell stack; determining a thermal runaway starting temperature of the fuel cell stack according to the self-heating starting temperature and the thermal runaway initiation temperature; A ferromagnetic material having a Curie point temperature equal to the thermal runaway starting temperature is used as the magnetic core.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method of detecting the fuel cell stack by using a preset computer scan and infrared thermal imaging to determine the self-heating starting temperature and thermal runaway initiation temperature of the fuel cell stack includes: The phase change enthalpy of the material of the stack is calibrated by computer scanning and differential scanning calorimetry; Inputting the phase change enthalpy of the material into a pre-built Arrhenius kinetic model to calculate the self-heating starting temperature of the fuel cell stack; Obtaining a two-dimensional temperature field gradient of the fuel cell stack during the thermal runaway propagation stage by infrared thermal imaging; The thermal runaway initiation temperature is determined according to the two-dimensional temperature field gradient.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Determining the thermal runaway starting temperature of the fuel cell stack according to the self-heating starting temperature and the thermal runaway initiation temperature includes: Constructing a thermal runaway coupling model of the fuel cell stack based on the structural parameters of the fuel cell stack obtained by computer scanning and the material characteristic parameters of the fuel cell stack collected by differential scanning calorimetry; generating a temperature distribution curve of the fuel cell stack by simulation according to the thermal runaway coupling model; The thermal runaway starting temperature is determined within a range between the self-heating starting temperature and the thermal runaway initiation temperature.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the target signal includes: determining, according to the target signal, whether the ferromagnetism of the magnetic core has changed; According to the judgment result, the real-time temperature of the magnetic core is determined.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In response to the real-time temperature reaching a preset temperature threshold, controlling the protection component next to the fuel cell stack to perform a fire prevention operation includes: In response to the real-time temperature rising to the preset temperature threshold, controlling the protection component to release a physical oxygen absorber and a chemical oxygen scavenger simultaneously to achieve a fire prevention effect; The physical oxygen absorber includes preset doses of heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane and pentafluoropropane; the chemical oxygen scavenger includes preset doses of sodium sulfite, hydrazine, dimethyl ketoxime, acetone oxime, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium hexamethylenetetrahydrogenate and ferrous hydroxide.

7. A battery thermal runaway protection device, characterized in that: include: A signal acquisition module, configured to acquire a target signal from a ferromagnetic trigger assembly disposed adjacent to a fuel cell stack in a target vehicle; wherein the ferromagnetic trigger assembly comprises a magnetic core made of a ferromagnetic material; a temperature determination module, configured to determine the real-time temperature of the magnetic core according to the target signal; A fire prevention operation module is used to control the protection component next to the battery stack to perform a fire prevention operation in response to the real-time temperature reaching a preset temperature threshold; wherein the preset temperature threshold is the same as the Curie point temperature of the magnetic core.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, and the computer program is executed by the at least one processor so as to enable the at least one processor to execute the battery thermal runaway protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle is provided with the electronic device according to claim 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a processor to implement the battery thermal runaway protection method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executed.

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