An energy storage battery pack heating system, method, and apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses an energy storage battery pack heating system, method and device, relates to the technical field of energy storage battery temperature control, and the system comprises a BMS controller, a PCS controller and an energy storage battery module, the energy storage battery module comprises a plurality of battery packs, a heating module is arranged in each battery pack, a DCDC power module is connected between a voltage output end of the energy storage battery module and a power supply end of the BMS controller, each battery pack is connected through a series relay driving module, and control ends of the BMS controller and the PCS controller are connected with each heating module respectively; wherein the BMS controller controls the heating module to heat in a BMS mode by sending a first instruction, the PCS controller controls the heating module to heat in a PCS mode by sending a second instruction, the two modes can be independently or cooperatively operated, and wherein the control ends of the BMS controller and the PCS controller are connected with each heating module respectively, so that multi-mode flexible switching heating modes can be realized, and the heating efficiency in a low-temperature environment is improved.

Description

A heating system, method and apparatus for an energy storage battery pack Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage battery temperature control technology, and more specifically, to an energy storage battery pack heating system, method, and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, energy storage battery packs, as core components of energy storage systems, are widely used in residential and industrial environments. However, under low-temperature conditions, the charge and discharge performance of energy storage batteries deteriorates significantly, thus requiring effective heating systems to maintain their normal operation. While some battery pack heating solutions exist in existing technologies, they have several shortcomings. For example, the complexity of outdoor environments increases the difficulty of heating control; improper operation can easily lead to excessively high heating temperatures that damage the cells, or insufficient heating efficiency that prevents the cells from functioning properly. These problems not only affect the performance and efficiency of energy storage systems but may also pose safety hazards, limiting the application of energy storage battery packs in a wider range of scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a heating system, method and device for energy storage battery packs, which can realize flexible switching of heating modes in multiple modes and improve heating efficiency in low-temperature environments, thereby avoiding energy waste and solving safety hazards.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a heating system for an energy storage battery pack, comprising: a BMS controller, a PCS controller, and an energy storage battery module. The energy storage battery module includes multiple battery packs, each battery pack containing a heating module. The voltage output terminal of the energy storage battery module is connected to the power supply terminal of the BMS controller via a DC-DC power module. Each battery pack is connected via a series-connected relay drive module. The control terminals of the BMS controller and the PCS controller are respectively connected to each of the heating modules. The BMS controller controls the heating module to heat in BMS mode by sending a first command, and the PCS controller controls the heating module to heat in PCS mode by sending a second command. The two modes can operate independently or in conjunction.

[0005] In some embodiments, the heating module includes a temperature controller, a relay drive module, and a heating film. The temperature controller is used to collect the battery pack temperature in real time and feed it back to the BMS controller. The relay drive module is controlled collaboratively by the BMS controller and the temperature controller. The positive and negative terminals of each battery pack are connected to the heating film through relays in the relay drive module. The relay drive module is used to control the on / off state of the relays according to the instructions of the BMS controller to start or stop heating.

[0006] In some embodiments, the relay drive module adopts a cascaded control structure, in which the COM terminal of the relay of each battery pack is connected in series with the positive terminal of the relay of the adjacent battery pack to form a closed-loop control circuit. When multiple battery packs need to be heated, their corresponding relays close to achieve heating control.

[0007] In some embodiments, the energy storage battery pack heating system further includes a temperature sampling unit integrated within each battery pack, which is used to monitor temperature data and transmit it to the BMS controller; the BMS controller is used to dynamically adjust the heating command according to the temperature data, triggering heating when the temperature is lower than a first threshold and stopping heating when the temperature reaches a second threshold.

[0008] In some embodiments, the main positive controller and the main negative controller of the energy storage battery module are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack through redundant fuses. The redundant fuses include a parallel double fuse structure, and the two redundant fuses are respectively connected in series in the output circuits of the main positive controller and the main negative controller.

[0009] In some embodiments, when a target battery pack among the plurality of battery packs needs to be heated, its corresponding relay is closed, and adjacent relays are opened according to heating logic to achieve local heating control.

[0010] In some embodiments, in PCS control mode, the heating power is provided by the PCS connected to the PCS controller, and the PCS controller communicates with the BMS controller through a control loop; when the BMS controller detects that the ambient temperature is lower than a preset limit or the temperature difference between battery packs exceeds a threshold, it switches to the PCS mode by sending the second instruction to improve heating efficiency.

[0011] In some embodiments, the heating module further includes an equalization controller, wherein the equalization controller in the plurality of heating modules is used to receive voltage monitoring data from the BMS controller and adjust the power distribution of the heating film according to the voltage deviation value in the voltage monitoring data.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a method for heating an energy storage battery pack, applied to the energy storage battery pack heating system described in any one of the first aspects, comprising: acquiring temperature data of each battery pack in real time through a temperature sampling unit; determining whether to trigger heating based on the temperature data, and selecting either BMS mode or PCS mode; in BMS mode, controlling the start and stop of the heating film of the target battery pack through a relay drive module; and in PCS mode, having the PCS controller take over the heating power supply and provide higher power output.

[0013] Thirdly, this application provides an energy storage battery pack device, including the energy storage battery pack heating system described in any of the first aspects.

[0014] In summary, this application provides a heating system, method, and apparatus for an energy storage battery pack, comprising: a BMS controller, a PCS controller, and an energy storage battery module. The energy storage battery module includes multiple battery packs, each containing a heating module. The voltage output terminal of the energy storage battery module is connected to the power supply terminal of the BMS controller via a DC-DC power module. Each battery pack is connected via a series-connected relay drive module. The control terminals of the BMS controller and the PCS controller are respectively connected to each heating module. Dynamic heating adjustment is achieved through dual-mode collaborative control, offering advantages such as flexible switching between multiple heating modes, improved heating efficiency in low-temperature environments, and avoidance of energy waste and safety hazards. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the technical solutions of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the technical solutions of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage battery pack heating system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the heating module in the energy storage battery pack heating system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the energy storage battery pack heating method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] In existing technologies, the performance of energy storage battery packs degrades under low-temperature conditions, especially in complex outdoor environments where temperature fluctuations exacerbate the difficulty of heating control. Traditional heating solutions typically employ a single control mode, which struggles to cope with varying demands under different operating conditions. For instance, when rapid heating is required at extremely low temperatures, a single controller cannot provide sufficient heating power, while lacking a flexible adjustment mechanism when the temperature approaches a safety threshold, makes it difficult to balance heating efficiency and safety.

[0022] To address the aforementioned issues, the inventors observed limitations in the control logic and energy supply of existing systems, discovering that a single heating mode cannot adapt to complex and ever-changing operating environments. By analyzing heating demands under different scenarios, they realized that introducing a dual-controller collaborative working mechanism could effectively resolve the contradiction between insufficient power output and inaccurate temperature control. Further considering how to achieve seamless switching and complementarity between the two control modes, they ultimately proposed treating the BMS controller and PCS controller as independent control units, achieving functional decoupling and collaborative operation through modular design.

[0023] Therefore, this application proposes a heating system including a BMS controller, a PCS controller, and an energy storage battery module. The energy storage battery module comprises multiple battery packs, each containing a heating module. The voltage output terminal of the energy storage battery module is connected to the power supply terminal of the BMS controller via a DC-DC power module. The battery packs are connected via relay drive modules connected in series. The control terminals of the BMS controller and the PCS controller are respectively connected to the heating modules. The two controllers can independently control the operation of the heating modules by sending commands, or achieve coordinated heating through a communication protocol.

[0024] Referring to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the energy storage battery pack heating system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the BMS controller can be connected to the DC-DC power module and output the MCU_CTL_X signal. The 1000V voltage of the energy storage battery module is converted to 12V to power the BMS controller. The main positive and main negative outputs of the energy storage battery module are connected to the main positive and main negative controllers respectively via fuses. The heating module is built into each battery pack and includes a heating film, an equalization controller and a temperature controller for heating and temperature monitoring.

[0025] Understandably, the BMS controller can send a first command to control the heating module to heat in BMS mode. The PCS controller is connected to the PCS terminal controller via a fuse, and then to the heating module. It can send a second command to control the heating module to heat in PCS mode. The two modes can operate independently or in conjunction. The relay drive module can adopt a cascaded control structure, with the COM terminal of the relay in each battery pack connected in series with the positive terminal of the relay in the adjacent battery pack to form a closed-loop control circuit. The temperature sampling unit is integrated in each battery pack to monitor the temperature and feed it back to the BMS controller so as to dynamically adjust the heating command. The output circuits of the main positive and main negative controllers contain a parallel double fuse structure to provide redundant protection.

[0026] It is worth noting that in PCS control mode, the heating power is provided by the PCS. The PCS controller communicates with the BMS controller. When the ambient temperature is lower than the preset value or the temperature difference between the battery packs is too large, the system switches to PCS mode to improve heating efficiency. The heating module also includes a balancing controller, which adjusts the power distribution of the heating film based on the voltage monitoring data from the BMS controller.

[0027] In some embodiments, the BMS controller refers to the battery management system controller, which can be implemented using an embedded microprocessor, used to monitor battery status and perform basic heating control. The PCS controller refers to the energy storage converter controller, which can be a control chip with power regulation capabilities, used to intervene when high-power heating is required. The DCDC power module refers to a DC-DC voltage conversion device, which can adopt a buck-boost topology, used to convert electrical energy between different voltage levels to adapt to the power supply requirements of the control unit. The relay drive module refers to a switching assembly consisting of an electromagnetic relay and a drive circuit, which can be implemented using a MOSFET drive circuit, used to switch the heating circuit on and off according to control signals. BMS mode refers to conventional heating control logic based on battery temperature data, while PCS mode refers to high-power heating logic powered by an external power supply from the converter.

[0028] Specifically, when the ambient temperature drops, the BMS controller acquires temperature data for each battery pack through the temperature sampling unit. If the detected temperature is below a set threshold, it sends a closing command to the relay drive module of the target battery pack, energizing the heating film. At this time, the DC-DC power module converts the battery module's output voltage into a stable voltage suitable for the BMS controller's operation. When a rapid increase in heating power is required, the PCS controller sends a second command to the heating module via an independent communication link, directly calling an external power source for high-power heating. The two control commands are interlocked or superimposed through priority judgment logic, ensuring no command conflicts occur in cooperative mode. The series structure of the relay drive modules allows multiple battery packs to form an independent control loop when heating, preventing a single relay failure from paralyzing the entire system.

[0029] In some embodiments, it is understood that traditional solutions rely on a single controller for heating decisions, which has significant shortcomings in power output range and temperature control accuracy. This solution achieves dynamic allocation of control through a dual-controller architecture, retaining the BMS controller's accurate monitoring capability of battery status while utilizing the PCS controller to expand external energy access paths. The series design of the relay drive module, compared to the traditional parallel structure, reduces circuit complexity and improves fault isolation capabilities. The introduction of the DCDC power module solves the problem of mismatch between battery output voltage and control unit supply voltage, avoiding the need for additional power conversion equipment. Through the above technical solutions, this application can achieve on-demand allocation of heating power in low-temperature environments, avoiding energy waste or insufficient heating caused by a single heating mode. The collaborative working mode of the dual controllers significantly improves adaptability to complex operating conditions, effectively preventing localized overheating while ensuring heating efficiency. The series structure of the relay drive module enhances system reliability, ensuring that abnormal heating of a single battery pack does not affect overall operation. The integrated design of the DCDC power module simplifies the system architecture and reduces equipment maintenance costs.

[0030] Referring to Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the heating module in the energy storage battery pack heating system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage battery module serves as the core of the system. Its positive and negative outputs are connected to the main positive and main negative controllers via fuses, and then connected to the heating module. Each battery pack has a built-in heating module, which includes a heating film, an equalization controller, a temperature controller, and a relay drive module. The relay drive module achieves connection control with the heating film through relay +, relay -, and relay COM. The relay COM terminal of each battery pack is connected in series with the positive terminal of the relay of the adjacent battery pack to form a closed-loop control circuit, thereby realizing the heating control of multiple battery packs. The heating module also includes an equalization controller, which is used to receive voltage monitoring data from the BMS controller and adjust the power distribution of the heating film according to the voltage deviation value.

[0031] In some embodiments, corresponding to Figure 2, this application further proposes a heating module including a temperature controller, a relay drive module, and a heating film. The temperature controller is used to collect the battery pack temperature in real time and feed it back to the BMS controller. The relay drive module is controlled collaboratively by the BMS controller and the temperature controller. The positive and negative terminals of each battery pack are connected to the heating film through a relay in the relay drive module. The relay drive module is used to control the on and off of the relay according to the instructions of the BMS controller to start or stop heating.

[0032] The temperature controller is a unit used to monitor and transmit data about the internal temperature of the battery pack. It can be implemented using a thermistor or a digital temperature sensor, and its function is to provide real-time temperature feedback for heating control. The relay drive module is an execution unit that controls the on / off state of the heating film by switching the control circuit on and off. It can be implemented using an electromagnetic relay or a solid-state relay, and its function is to precisely switch the heating circuit according to instructions. The heating film is a component attached to the surface of the battery pack that generates heat through an electric current. It can be made of carbon fiber material or metal foil, and its function is to convert electrical energy into heat energy to raise the battery temperature.

[0033] Specifically, the temperature controller continuously collects battery pack temperature data and sends it to the BMS controller. When the temperature falls below a preset threshold, the BMS controller generates a heating start command, while simultaneously verifying the validity of the temperature data. Upon receiving the command, the relay drive module closes the corresponding relay contacts, forming a closed circuit between the battery pack's positive and negative terminals and the heating film, initiating the heating film's operation. When the temperature reaches the safe upper limit, the BMS controller sends a stop command, and the relay drive module disconnects the circuit to terminate heating. This coordinated control between the temperature controller and the BMS controller ensures that heating is triggered only when the temperature data is reliable and meets preset conditions.

[0034] In some embodiments, it is understood that the separation of temperature monitoring and control modules in traditional solutions leads to delayed heating response or false triggering. This solution, however, achieves real-time data interaction and dual verification of commands through direct collaboration between the temperature controller and the BMS. In existing technologies, relays are driven by only a single controller, resulting in rigid control logic. This solution, through a two-level control architecture, ensures global command coordination and avoids malfunctions caused by a single controller failure. Through the above technical solution, this application can accurately determine the battery pack temperature status and dynamically adjust the heating action, avoiding overheating or insufficient heating due to temperature acquisition delays or errors. The collaboration between the relay drive module and the two-level controller ensures that the heating circuit is only activated under safe conditions, reducing the risk of battery damage caused by malfunctions. The modular design enables independent heating control of each battery pack, improving the system's adaptability to different operating conditions.

[0035] It is worth noting that, as shown in Figure 2, the positive and negative terminals of each slave battery pack are connected to the battery pack connector, respectively. Battery pack 1 is used as an example for this description; the connection method for other battery packs is similar to that of this battery pack. The positive and negative terminals of battery pack connector 1 are connected to relay + and relay - respectively, and the other end of the relay is connected to both ends of the heating film. When the relay is closed, the heating film heats the battery. Both relay + and relay - are controlled by the relay drive module. The relay drive module is simultaneously controlled by the BMS controller and the temperature controller. The temperature controller collects the battery pack temperature and transmits it to the BMS controller. The BMS integrates the ambient temperature and battery pack temperature data and then controls the relay drive signal. In each slave battery pack, the negative terminal of the heating film is connected to one end of relay - and to one end of relay COM. The connection is established; the other end of the relay COM is connected to the + terminal of the next battery pack relay. This relay is controlled by a relay drive module, which only controls the BMS terminal. This allows the system to be designed such that: when the battery temperature is below a certain set temperature, the relay drive module is enabled; when the heating film heats the battery and reaches a certain temperature, the temperature controller can collect the temperature and feed it back to the BMS controller to disconnect the relay enable signal; if the BMS control signal fails, the temperature controller will actively disconnect the relay drive module after the temperature rises to a certain level; when the heating mode only exists when the battery pack is discharging and heating, the relay COM does not need to be turned off; when only part of the battery pack needs to be heated, the relay COM can be selectively turned off; when the PCS is selected for heating, the PCS terminal controller needs to be closed.

[0036] In some embodiments, this application further proposes that the relay drive module in the energy storage battery pack heating system adopts a cascaded control structure, wherein the COM terminal of the relay of each battery pack is connected in series with the positive terminal of the relay of the adjacent battery pack to form a closed-loop control circuit. When multiple battery packs need to be heated, their corresponding relays are closed to achieve heating control.

[0037] In this context, a cascaded control structure refers to multiple relay contacts connected in series. The common contact of each relay forms a link with the positive terminal of the preceding relay. This can be implemented using relay groups with independent control signals. Cascading reduces circuit complexity and improves the coherence of control logic. A closed-loop control circuit refers to a closed circuit path formed by the relay contact connections. This can be achieved through series wiring between relays, allowing current to circulate within a selected path to trigger the heating action.

[0038] Specifically, when a battery pack needs heating, its corresponding relay is closed, while the connection status of adjacent relays is adjusted according to the heating logic. For example, in a scenario where multiple battery packs need to be heated simultaneously, the closing operation of the target relay triggers current to flow along the closed-loop circuit, while the opening action of adjacent relays limits the heating range, avoiding energy loss in non-target areas. In this way, the transmission path of the heating control signal is constrained to a specific area, thereby achieving efficient heating of local battery packs.

[0039] In some embodiments, it is understood that in conventional solutions, relays typically employ an independent parallel structure, resulting in dispersed control signals and redundant circuitry, which can easily lead to false triggering or response delays. This solution uses a cascaded structure to connect relay contacts in series, creating a correspondence between the control logic and the physical connection path. This simplifies hardware layout and improves the synchronization of multi-objective control. Through this technical solution, this application can precisely control the heating range of multiple battery packs, avoiding localized overheating or insufficient heating caused by relay malfunctions. Simultaneously, the closed-loop circuit reduces energy losses during transmission, ensuring a balance between heating efficiency and system reliability.

[0040] In some embodiments, this application further proposes that the energy storage battery pack heating system also includes a temperature sampling unit, which is integrated in each battery pack and is used to monitor temperature data and transmit it to the BMS controller; the BMS controller is used to dynamically adjust the heating command according to the temperature data, triggering heating when the temperature is lower than a first threshold and stopping heating when the temperature reaches a second threshold.

[0041] The temperature sampling unit, embedded within the battery pack, is a device used to detect temperature changes in real time. It can be implemented using thermocouples or thermistors and its function is to feed temperature data back to the BMS controller in real time to support dynamic decision-making. The dynamic heating adjustment command refers to the automatic control of the heating module's start-up and shutdown logic based on the temperature data's range of change. This can be achieved by setting a first threshold and a second threshold; for example, heating can be started when the temperature is below 0°C and stopped when it is above 5°C, thus ensuring the battery pack always remains within a safe temperature range.

[0042] Specifically, the temperature sampling unit continuously monitors the temperature data of each battery pack and uploads the data to the BMS controller in real time. The BMS controller analyzes the received temperature data to determine whether heating needs to be started or stopped. For example, when the temperature of a battery pack falls below a preset first threshold, the BMS controller immediately sends a command to the corresponding relay drive module, triggering the heating film to start working; when the temperature rises to a second threshold, the heating command is automatically terminated. This closed-loop control mechanism allows the heating process to accurately respond to temperature changes, avoiding battery performance degradation or safety hazards caused by excessively high or low temperatures.

[0043] In some embodiments, it is understood that existing solutions typically rely on a single controller for global temperature regulation, lacking the ability to monitor and control individual battery packs in real time. This solution integrates a temperature sampling unit within each battery pack and dynamically adjusts heating commands based on thresholds, achieving precise temperature control for each battery pack. This solves the problems of low heating efficiency or battery damage caused by lagging temperature monitoring or inaccurate control in existing technologies. Through the above technical solution, this application can effectively avoid performance degradation or safety risks caused by insufficient or overheating of battery packs in low-temperature environments. Simultaneously, through real-time temperature feedback and dynamic threshold control, it significantly improves the response speed and control accuracy of the heating system, ensuring stable operation of energy storage batteries in complex environments.

[0044] In some embodiments, this application further proposes that the main positive controller and the main negative controller of the energy storage battery module are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack through redundant fuses, and the redundant fuses include a parallel double fuse structure, with the two redundant fuses connected in series in the output circuits of the main positive controller and the main negative controller, respectively.

[0045] The main positive controller and main negative controller are control units responsible for managing the positive and negative currents of the battery module, respectively. These can be implemented using electronic switching devices with overcurrent protection to cut off the circuit and protect the battery pack in case of abnormal current. The redundant fuse refers to a dual-fuse structure configured in parallel. This can be implemented using thermally blown fuses with the same rated current. If one fuse blows due to overload, the other fuse can maintain circuit continuity, thus preventing complete system failure due to a single point of failure.

[0046] Specifically, a redundant fuse is connected in series in the output circuit of the main positive controller, and another redundant fuse is connected in series in the output circuit of the main negative controller. Both redundant fuses adopt a parallel double-fuse structure. When one fuse blows due to overcurrent or short circuit, the other fuse remains conductive, ensuring that the connection between the energy storage battery module and the external system is not completely interrupted. This design, by setting redundant fuses in the main positive and main negative circuits, provides double assurance for the reliability of the current path.

[0047] In some embodiments, it is understood that traditional solutions typically use only a single fuse in the main circuit. Once the fuse blows, the entire energy storage system will lose power. However, this solution, through a parallel dual-fuse structure, can still maintain system operation in the event of a single-point failure, significantly reducing the risk of downtime caused by fuse blowing and reducing maintenance frequency. Through the above technical solution, this application can maintain the connection between the energy storage battery module and the external system when the fuse blows unexpectedly, avoiding complete system paralysis due to a single-point failure. At the same time, it improves the fault tolerance of the circuit protection mechanism and ensures the continuous operational stability of the energy storage system under abnormal operating conditions.

[0048] In some embodiments, this application further proposes that when a target battery pack in a plurality of battery packs needs to be heated, its corresponding relay is closed and adjacent relays are opened according to heating logic to achieve local heating control.

[0049] The target battery pack refers to the specific battery pack that needs to be heated. This can be achieved by using a temperature sampling unit to identify battery packs below a set threshold. The temperature sampling unit then feeds the data back to the control module to determine the heating target. Relay closing refers to the activation of the corresponding relay contacts via a drive circuit. This can be implemented using electromagnetic or solid-state relays, allowing current to flow through the heating film after closure. Adjacent relay opening refers to the disconnection of the relay contacts corresponding to battery packs adjacent to the target battery pack. This can be achieved by using a control signal to cut off the power supply circuit to adjacent relays, preventing current interference from non-target areas. The heating logic refers to preset control rules, which can be generated using priority judgment or temperature gradient analysis to ensure that only the target area is energized during localized heating.

[0050] Specifically, when the temperature sampling unit detects that the temperature of a battery pack is below a threshold, the control module identifies this battery pack as the target battery pack and sends a closing command to its corresponding relay. Simultaneously, according to the heating logic, it sends a disconnect command to the relays of adjacent battery packs. At this time, the heating film of the target battery pack is energized and begins heating. The heating circuits of adjacent battery packs remain closed due to the disconnected relays, and current flows only through the target area. The heating logic dynamically adjusts the on / off state of adjacent relays by analyzing the temperature distribution or a preset priority order. For example, if the temperature of an adjacent area has reached the threshold, it remains disconnected to prevent overheating.

[0051] In some embodiments, it is understood that traditional solutions typically require the simultaneous activation of relays in multiple adjacent areas during heating, resulting in an excessively large heating range and increased energy consumption. In contrast, this solution dynamically controls the on / off states of adjacent relays to precisely heat only the target area, effectively reducing energy waste and avoiding excessively high local temperatures. Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of difficulty in precisely controlling the heating range in the prior art. By selectively closing the target relay and disconnecting adjacent relays, it reduces energy loss in unnecessary areas while ensuring heating efficiency, thereby improving system safety and temperature uniformity.

[0052] In some embodiments, this application further proposes that in PCS control mode, the heating power is provided by the PCS connected to the PCS controller, and the PCS controller communicates with the BMS controller through a control loop; when the BMS controller detects that the ambient temperature is lower than a preset limit or the temperature difference between battery packs exceeds a threshold, it switches to PCS mode by sending a second command to improve heating efficiency.

[0053] The PCS control mode refers to the heating operation mode dominated by the power conversion system controller. Specifically, this can be achieved by the PCS controller directly controlling the power input path of the external power grid or energy storage system, thereby enabling a higher power supply for heating. The control loop is the communication link used to transmit commands, which can be implemented using a CAN bus or RS485 communication protocol. Its function is to establish a real-time data interaction channel between the BMS controller and the PCS controller. The preset limit is the ambient temperature critical point that triggers the heating mode switching; for example, it can be set to -10 degrees Celsius. Ambient temperature data is collected in real time by a temperature sensor and transmitted to the BMS controller for analysis and judgment. The threshold is the maximum allowable temperature difference range between battery packs; for example, it can be set to 5 degrees Celsius. When the temperature sampling unit detects that the temperature difference between adjacent battery packs exceeds this value, the mode switching logic is triggered.

[0054] Specifically, when the temperature sampling unit detects that the ambient temperature is lower than a preset limit, the BMS controller generates a second command and sends it to the PCS controller through a control loop. At this time, the PCS controller switches the heating power supply to the PCS connected to it. Since the PCS can directly access the high power output capacity of the grid or energy storage system, the heating module can obtain a larger current input in a short time, thereby improving the working efficiency of the heating film. Simultaneously, when the temperature difference between battery packs exceeds a set threshold, the system prioritizes using the PCS mode to directionally heat the low-temperature battery pack, avoiding overall performance degradation due to uneven local temperatures. During this process, the BMS controller and the PCS controller synchronize commands through a control loop, ensuring that switching heating modes does not cause circuit conflicts or control logic confusion.

[0055] In some embodiments, it is understood that traditional solutions typically rely on a single controller for heating control and cannot dynamically adjust the power supply method according to operating conditions. For example, when the ambient temperature drops sharply, the original BMS mode is limited by the power output limit of the DC-DC module, which may lead to insufficient heating efficiency. However, this solution introduces a collaborative mechanism between the PCS controller and the external power supply, which can quickly call upon a high-power power supply to meet heating needs under extreme conditions of low temperature or large temperature difference, while retaining the BMS mode as the basic control method, forming a multi-level redundant control architecture.

[0056] Through the above technical solution, this application can automatically switch to a high-power heating mode when the battery pack faces low temperatures or uneven temperature distribution, significantly shortening the time required for the battery pack to reach its optimal operating temperature. Furthermore, through the coordinated control of the PCS controller and the BMS controller, the risk of equipment damage due to single power supply overload is effectively avoided, while also reducing the consumption of energy storage resources within the battery pack.

[0057] In some embodiments, this application further proposes that the heating module also includes an equalization controller, wherein the equalization controller in the plurality of heating modules is used to receive voltage monitoring data from the BMS controller and adjust the power distribution of the heating film according to the voltage deviation value in the voltage monitoring data.

[0058] The equalization controller is a functional unit that adjusts energy distribution based on differences in battery pack voltage. Specifically, it can be implemented using a control unit integrating current regulation circuitry and power distribution algorithms to dynamically balance the energy input between different battery packs during heating. Voltage monitoring data refers to the real-time battery pack voltage information collected by the BMS controller. This can be acquired periodically via voltage sensors or battery management chips to quantify the degree of voltage difference between different battery packs. Voltage deviation value refers to the difference in voltage between different battery packs at the same moment. This can be determined by calculating the deviation of each battery pack voltage from the average value, serving as the basis for adjusting the heating power distribution.

[0059] Specifically, when the battery pack experiences voltage inconsistencies due to differences in the condition of its internal cells, the equalization controller identifies battery packs with excessive voltage deviations based on voltage monitoring data transmitted from the BMS controller and dynamically adjusts the power distribution of the corresponding heating film. For example, for battery packs with low voltage, the heating film power is reduced to slow energy consumption; for battery packs with high voltage, the heating power is increased to accelerate temperature rise, thereby maintaining voltage balance during the overall heating process. During this process, the relay drive module works in conjunction with the equalization controller to ensure that power adjustment commands are accurately executed through the on / off states of the relays.

[0060] In some embodiments, it is understood that traditional heating solutions typically rely solely on temperature data for uniform control, failing to address the uneven heating issue caused by voltage differences between battery packs. This solution, however, introduces a voltage monitoring and equalization controller, enabling real-time correction of power distribution during the heating phase. This prevents localized overheating or reduced heating efficiency due to voltage imbalance. Through this technical solution, this application achieves refined control of the battery pack heating process in low-temperature environments, effectively resolving the uneven heating problem caused by voltage differences, improving the overall heating efficiency and safety of the battery pack, and simultaneously avoiding the risk of cell damage caused by overheating of a single battery pack.

[0061] Referring to Figure 3, which is a schematic diagram of the steps of the energy storage battery pack heating method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, in some embodiments, this application further proposes an energy storage battery pack heating method, including the following steps:

[0062] Step S310: The temperature data of each battery pack is acquired in real time through the temperature sampling unit;

[0063] In step S320, the BMS controller determines whether to trigger heating based on the temperature data and selects either BMS mode or PCS mode.

[0064] Step S330: In BMS mode, the heating film of the target battery pack is started and stopped by the relay drive module.

[0065] In step S340, in PCS mode, the PCS controller takes over the heating power supply and provides higher power output.

[0066] The temperature sampling unit refers to a sensor network integrated inside the battery pack, specifically implemented using thermocouples or thermistors. It continuously monitors the battery temperature and generates real-time data for the BMS controller to make logical decisions. BMS mode refers to the operating state where the BMS controller independently controls the heating process. Specifically, the on / off signal of the relay drive module regulates the heating film's activation and deactivation, achieving precise temperature control of the target battery pack. PCS mode refers to the operating state where the PCS controller takes over the external power supply and increases the heating power. Specifically, higher power output can be achieved through an AC or DC power supply connected to the PCS, suitable for scenarios requiring rapid heating.

[0067] Specifically, when the temperature sampling unit detects that the temperature of a battery pack is lower than a preset threshold, the BMS controller determines whether to activate heating based on temperature distribution data. If BMS mode is selected, the relay driver module closes the relay corresponding to the target battery pack, energizing the heating film. If PCS mode is selected, the BMS controller sends a command to the PCS controller, which switches to external power supply and increases heating power by adjusting voltage or current. The two modes can be dynamically switched based on ambient temperature or temperature difference between battery packs. For example, in low-temperature environments, PCS mode is used first to shorten heating time, while BMS mode is switched to achieve local temperature equalization when the temperature difference is large.

[0068] In some specific implementations, the BMS controller can set different trigger thresholds based on battery pack temperature data. For example, it can trigger BMS mode when the temperature is below -5°C and activate PCS mode when the temperature difference exceeds 5°C. Furthermore, the relay drive module can adopt a cascaded control structure. For instance, when a relay in a battery pack is closed, the on / off states of adjacent relays can be automatically adjusted according to the heating logic to avoid circuit overload. Further, redundant fuses and a balancing controller can be integrated into the heating circuit. For example, a dual-fuse parallel structure can prevent system failure due to a single fuse failure, while the balancing controller can dynamically allocate power to different heating films based on voltage monitoring data.

[0069] In some embodiments, it is understood that existing heating solutions typically rely on a single control mode, which cannot dynamically adjust the heating strategy according to environmental conditions or battery status, easily leading to low heating efficiency or temperature runaway. This method, through dual-mode collaborative control, enables the BMS controller and PCS controller to flexibly switch heating modes based on real-time data. This allows for rapid overall temperature increase in low-temperature environments and precise temperature control of specific battery packs when local temperature differences are too large. Furthermore, the cascaded control structure of the relay drive module reduces circuit complexity, while redundant fuses and the equalization controller further improve system safety and stability. Through the above technical solutions, this application solves the problems of low heating efficiency and inaccurate temperature control of energy storage battery packs in low-temperature environments. Dual-mode collaborative control optimizes the heating strategy in different scenarios. For example, a high-power PCS mode can be used for rapid heating at extremely low temperatures, while the BMS mode can be used for local equalization when temperature differences are large, thus preventing cell performance degradation due to overheating or insufficient heating. Simultaneously, the cascaded relay structure and redundant design reduce system failure risks, and the application of the equalization controller ensures temperature consistency between battery packs during heating, ultimately improving the reliability and lifespan of the energy storage system in complex environments.

[0070] In some embodiments, this application further proposes an energy storage battery pack device, including an energy storage battery pack heating system. The energy storage battery pack heating system includes a BMS controller, a PCS controller, and energy storage battery modules. The energy storage battery modules include multiple battery packs, each battery pack having a heating module. The voltage output terminal of the energy storage battery module is connected to the power supply terminal of the BMS controller via a DC-DC power module. Each battery pack is connected via a series-connected relay drive module. The control terminals of the BMS controller and the PCS controller are respectively connected to each heating module. The BMS controller controls the heating module to heat in BMS mode by sending a first command, and the PCS controller controls the heating module to heat in PCS mode by sending a second command. The two modes can operate independently or in conjunction.

[0071] The energy storage battery pack device refers to a complete device integrating a battery pack, heating system, and control unit. Specifically, it can adopt a multi-layer cascaded structure, such as connecting the battery pack and relay drive module in series to form a closed-loop circuit to achieve local or overall heating control. The energy storage battery pack heating system refers to a temperature control system containing both BMS and PCS control logic. For example, it collects data in real time through a temperature sampling unit, dynamically adjusts heating commands through the BMS, and switches to PCS mode to increase heating power when needed. The relay drive module refers to the switching component used to control the on / off state of the heating film. For example, it can adopt a cascaded relay structure, achieving precise start / stop of the target area through the logical coordination of adjacent relays.

[0072] Specifically, this device integrates the heating system with the energy storage battery module, enabling the battery pack to quickly activate its heating function in low-temperature environments. When the temperature sampling unit detects that the battery pack temperature is below a preset range, the BMS controller selects either a single mode or a dual-mode operation based on the current operating conditions. For example, in normal low-temperature scenarios, only the BMS mode is activated, supplying power to the heating films via the DC-DC power module, and the relay drive module controls the closing of the heating circuit for a specific battery pack. If rapid heating is required or the ambient temperature difference is too large, the PCS mode is triggered, providing higher power output from an external power source, while a redundant fuse structure ensures circuit safety. During the heating process, the equalization controller dynamically adjusts the power distribution of each heating film based on voltage deviations to avoid localized overheating or energy waste.

[0073] In some embodiments, it is understood that existing solutions typically rely on a single heating mode, cannot dynamically adjust power according to environmental changes, and lack a multi-controller collaborative mechanism. For example, traditional devices may experience reduced battery performance due to insufficient heating efficiency at extremely low temperatures, or overheating risks due to simplistic control logic. This solution, through a dual-controller independent / collaborative operation mechanism, combined with redundant fuses and cascaded relay structures, improves the adaptability of heating efficiency, reduces the risk of circuit failure, and optimizes energy distribution through a balanced controller.

[0074] Through the above technical solutions, this application solves the problems of low heating efficiency and poor safety of energy storage battery packs in low-temperature environments. By using dual-mode heating control and dynamic power distribution, it ensures stable operation of the battery pack under complex working conditions. At the same time, the use of redundant fuses and cascaded relay structures reduces the risk of circuit overload and improves system reliability.

[0075] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A heating system for an energy storage battery pack, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a BMS controller, a PCS controller, and an energy storage battery module. The energy storage battery module includes multiple battery packs, each containing a heating module. The voltage output terminal of the energy storage battery module is connected to the power supply terminal of the BMS controller via a DC-DC power module. Each battery pack is connected via a series-connected relay drive module. The control terminals of the BMS controller and the PCS controller are respectively connected to each heating module. The BMS controller controls the heating module to heat in BMS mode by sending a first command, and the PCS controller controls the heating module to heat in PCS mode by sending a second command. The two modes can operate independently or in conjunction. The heating module includes... The system includes a temperature controller, a relay drive module, and a heating film. The temperature controller collects the battery pack temperature in real time and feeds it back to the BMS controller. The relay drive module is controlled collaboratively by the BMS controller and the temperature controller. The positive and negative terminals of each battery pack are connected to the heating film through relays in the relay drive module. The relay drive module controls the on / off state of the relays according to the instructions of the BMS controller to start or stop heating. The relay drive module adopts a cascaded control structure, where the COM terminal of the relay in each battery pack is connected in series with the positive terminal of the relay in the adjacent battery pack to form a closed-loop control circuit. When multiple battery packs need to be heated, their corresponding relays close to achieve heating control.

2. The energy storage battery pack heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage battery pack heating system also includes a temperature sampling unit, which is integrated into each battery pack and is used to monitor temperature data and transmit it to the BMS controller. The BMS controller is used to dynamically adjust the heating command according to the temperature data, triggering heating when the temperature is lower than a first threshold and stopping heating when the temperature reaches a second threshold.

3. The energy storage battery pack heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main positive controller and main negative controller of the energy storage battery module are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack through redundant fuses, respectively. The redundant fuses include a parallel double fuse structure, and the two redundant fuses are connected in series in the output circuits of the main positive controller and the main negative controller, respectively.

4. The energy storage battery pack heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When a target battery pack among the multiple battery packs needs to be heated, its corresponding relay closes, and adjacent relays open according to the heating logic to achieve local heating control.

5. The energy storage battery pack heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In PCS control mode, the heating power is provided by the PCS connected to the PCS controller, and the PCS controller communicates with the BMS controller through a control loop. When the BMS controller detects that the ambient temperature is lower than a preset limit or the temperature difference between battery packs exceeds a threshold, it sends the second instruction to switch to the PCS mode to improve heating efficiency.

6. The energy storage battery pack heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating module further includes an equalization controller, which is used to receive voltage monitoring data from the BMS controller and adjust the power distribution of the heating film according to the voltage deviation value in the voltage monitoring data.

7. A method for heating an energy storage battery pack, characterized in that, The system applied to any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized by comprising: acquiring temperature data of each battery pack in real time through a temperature sampling unit; determining whether to trigger heating based on the temperature data and selecting either BMS mode or PCS mode; controlling the start and stop of the heating film of the target battery pack through a relay drive module in BMS mode; and taking over the heating power supply and providing higher power output through a PCS controller in PCS mode.

8. An energy storage battery pack device, characterized in that, Including the energy storage battery pack heating system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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