Multi-band common-caliber circularly polarized antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of communication antennas, and discloses a multi-band common-aperture circularly polarized antenna, which comprises an antenna connector used for signal connection with an external radio frequency system, an antenna supporting rod arranged at the top of the antenna connector, and a feed line arranged on the antenna supporting rod and used for supporting an antenna structure and guiding the feed line; the multi-band laminated radiation mechanisms are arranged outside the antenna supporting rod and are sequentially laminated along the axial direction of the antenna supporting rod; the top spiral radiator is arranged at the top of the antenna supporting rod and is used for circularly polarized radiation of a high frequency band; and the control module is installed in the antenna supporting rod. According to the multi-frequency-band laminated radiation mechanism, the plurality of circular radiation metal plates are laminated on the outer side of the antenna supporting rod in the axial direction, and the independent broken-line-shaped oscillator structure is introduced, so that the multi-frequency-band laminated radiation mechanism with a space compression characteristic is constructed, the structure is compact, physical isolation and independent radiation of each frequency band are realized, and the capability of simultaneous working of multiple frequency bands is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication antennas, and specifically to a multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna. Background Art

[0002] Driven by the rapid evolution of modern wireless communications, radar detection, satellite navigation, and other technologies, higher performance requirements are being placed on antenna systems. Multi-band, high integration, miniaturization, and polarization stability have become key areas of technological development. In particular, in applications requiring frequent frequency switching or simultaneous coverage of multiple operating frequencies, traditional single-frequency antenna structures are unable to meet the high spectral efficiency and multiplexing capabilities required by practical systems. Therefore, the development of compact, flexible, and multi-band circularly polarized antennas has become a research hotspot.

[0003] Currently, traditional multi-band circularly polarized antennas primarily achieve coverage across different frequencies using multiple antenna elements distributed across multiple antennas or on a single platform. These typically consist of multiple independent radiating arms or helical elements mounted on a single antenna support or base. This type of solution, such as dual-band helical antennas and multi-layer patch stacking structures, was common in early applications. Due to their intuitive structure and simple implementation, they were widely used on static or single-mission platforms.

[0004] However, existing multi-band circularly polarized antennas rely on mechanical or manual configuration for frequency switching, making it difficult to automatically adjust the frequency. They have poor flexibility, strong coupling between multi-element structures, difficult to control isolation, and significant mutual interference between frequency bands. Circular polarization performance is severely limited by the structure, especially in high-frequency bands, where the polarization axis ratio has a large deviation, making it difficult to meet the requirements of precise circular polarization. Most antenna systems are passive structures, lacking the ability to perceive and dynamically respond to external feedback signals, making them difficult to adapt to complex scenarios. Therefore, the present invention provides a multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna to address the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this application is to provide a multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna, which solves the problems of the existing multi-band circularly polarized antenna, such as its dispersed structure, strong frequency band coupling, unstable polarization and lack of dynamic adjustment capability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna, comprising: An antenna connector is used to connect signals to an external radio frequency system. An antenna support rod is provided on the top of the antenna connector. The antenna support rod is used to support the antenna structure and guide the feed line. A multi-band stacked radiation mechanism is provided on the outside of the antenna support rod and is stacked in sequence along the axial direction of the antenna support rod; The top spiral radiator is set on the top of the antenna support rod and is used for circular polarization radiation in the high frequency band; The control module is installed inside the antenna support pole. The control module interacts with the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism, the central feed column and the top spiral radiator through electrical connection to adjust the antenna's operating frequency band, polarization state and transmit and receive multiplexing mode.

[0007] Preferably, the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism includes a plurality of circular radiation metal plates, which are mounted on the outside of the antenna support rod. Corresponding radiation arm bases are provided on the circular radiation metal plates, and a broken line oscillator structure is provided on the outside of the radiation arm base.

[0008] Preferably, a central feed column is provided at the bottom of the circular radiating metal plate, the exterior of the central feed column is provided inside the antenna support rod, and the central feed column includes a plurality of independent feeding channels for providing independent feeding paths.

[0009] Preferably, the zigzag vibrator structure is arranged in a spiral or folded shape to compress the electrical length.

[0010] Preferably, a high dielectric constant layer is provided between the circular radiating metal plates, and the dielectric constant of the high dielectric constant layer ranges from 20 to 50, and has a low loss factor.

[0011] Preferably, the top spiral radiator is excited by a dual-feed network, and the axial ratio bandwidth is optimized through the feeding network.

[0012] Preferably, the top spiral radiator is mounted on the top of the antenna support pole via an insulating fixed base, and the fixed base is made of an electrically insulating material with a dielectric constant less than 4.

[0013] Preferably, the control module includes: Frequency band selection unit, used to automatically select and adjust the working frequency band of the antenna; Polarization control unit, used to adjust the polarization state of the antenna to ensure circular polarization performance in different frequency bands; Transceiver multiplexing management unit, used to multiplex transmit and receive signals in multiple frequency bands and optimize isolation between ports; The feedback signal processing unit is used to receive and process feedback signals from the external environment and adjust the antenna working state in real time.

[0014] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This invention constructs a multi-band stacked radiation mechanism with spatial compression characteristics by stacking multiple circular radiating metal plates axially on the outside of the antenna support rod and introducing an independent zigzag oscillator structure. This structure is not only compact, but also achieves physical isolation and independent radiation of each frequency band, enabling simultaneous operation of multiple bands. Traditional antenna systems often rely on multiple antenna units distributed in different physical locations for different frequency bands, which occupy a large space, have strong coupling, and make it difficult to share aperture resources. This design effectively solves these problems and is particularly suitable for complex electromagnetic environments with high requirements for integration and spectral efficiency.

[0015] 2. The top helical radiator of this invention uses a dual-feed network for excitation, coupled with the polarization adjustment function of the control module, which not only improves circular polarization performance but also significantly expands the axial ratio bandwidth range. Conventional circularly polarized helical antennas mostly use single-ended excitation, resulting in unstable polarization purity and narrow bandwidth, making them unsuitable for broadband communication scenarios. This solution combines structural optimization with active control to make high-frequency communication more stable and polarization characteristics more controllable, greatly enhancing the robustness and versatility of the antenna in high-speed, high-density transmission scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is the main figure of this application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the broken line vibrator structure of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the circular radiant metal plate structure of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the high dielectric constant layer of the present application; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the control module of this application.

[0017] Among them, 1. Antenna support rod; 2. Antenna connector; 3. Multi-band stacked radiation mechanism; 301. Circular radiation metal plate; 302. Radiation arm base; 303. Broken line oscillator structure; 304. Center feed column; 4. Top spiral radiator; 5. High dielectric constant layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following is combined with Figure 1 -Attached Figure 5 , further details of this application are given.

[0019] Please see the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 and attached Figure 5 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna, comprising: Antenna connector 2, used for signal connection with an external radio frequency system. An antenna support rod 1 is provided on the top of the antenna connector 2. The antenna support rod 1 is used to support the antenna structure and guide the feed line. The multi-band stacked radiation mechanism 3 is arranged outside the antenna support rod 1 and is stacked in sequence along the axial direction of the antenna support rod 1; The top spiral radiator 4 is arranged on the top of the antenna support rod 1 and is used for circularly polarized radiation in the high frequency band; The control module is installed inside the antenna support rod 1. The control module interacts with the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism 3, the central feed column 304 and the top spiral radiator 4 through electrical connection to adjust the antenna's operating frequency band, polarization state and transceiver multiplexing mode.

[0020] Specifically, the antenna connector 2 is used to connect signals with the external radio frequency system. The top of the antenna connector 2 is provided with an antenna support rod 1, which is used to support the antenna structure and guide the feed line; the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism 3 is provided on the outside of the antenna support rod 1 and is stacked in sequence along the axial direction of the antenna support rod 1 to achieve independent radiation and spatial isolation of multiple frequency band signals, thereby improving the non-interference ability between frequency bands and the overall radiation efficiency; the top spiral radiator 4 is provided on the top of the antenna support rod 1 for circularly polarized radiation in the high frequency band, thereby enhancing the directionality and polarization stability of high frequency signals and improving the anti-interference performance of the system in a complex electromagnetic environment; the control module is installed inside the antenna support rod 1. Through electrical connection, signal interaction is carried out with the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism 3, the central feed column 304 and the top spiral radiator 4 to adjust the working frequency band, polarization state and transmit-receive multiplexing mode of the antenna, so as to realize dynamic management of the antenna functional state and environmental adaptive adjustment, and improve the intelligence level and working stability of the antenna system; when the above structures work together, the radio frequency signal is introduced into the system through the antenna connector 2, and is transmitted to the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism 3 and the top spiral radiator 4 through the internal feeding line of the antenna support rod 1, so as to realize independent and efficient radiation of each frequency band, and the control module adjusts the working state and polarization parameters of each frequency band in real time to ensure that the antenna has good spectrum utilization capability, signal isolation performance and polarization stability under multi-frequency common aperture conditions.

[0021] Please see the attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 and attached Figure 3 The multi-band stacked radiation mechanism 3 includes multiple circular radiation metal plates 301, which are installed on the outside of the antenna support rod 1. Corresponding radiation arm bases are provided on the circular radiation metal plates 301, and a broken line oscillator structure 303 is provided on the outside of the radiation arm base.

[0022] Specifically, the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism 3 arranges multiple circular radiation metal plates 301 of different sizes in layers along the axial direction of the antenna support rod 1. Different metal plates are used for independent radiation of signals in corresponding frequency bands. The radiation arm base is used to physically position and electrically support the broken line vibrator structure 303, ensuring that the vibrator structure can maintain a specific electrical length and achieve electromagnetic decoupling between layers with a compressed layout, further improving the radiation efficiency and directional control ability of the antenna in each working frequency band.

[0023] Please see the attached Figure 1 The bottom of the circular radiation metal plate 301 is provided with a central feeding column 304. The outside of the central feeding column 304 is provided inside the antenna support rod 1. The central feeding column 304 includes multiple independent feeding channels for providing independent feeding paths. Specifically, the central feed column 304 includes multiple independent feeding channels for providing independent feeding paths. The central feed column 304 is arranged axially along the antenna support rod 1, and is docked with the bottom of each circular radiating metal plate 301 layer by layer. Multiple physically isolated feeding channels are realized through a multi-core coaxial or coaxial-microstrip hybrid structure to avoid coupling interference of signals of different frequency bands in the feeding path, ensuring that each layer of the radiating structure can receive independent RF signals for precise control, while improving the stability and anti-crosstalk capability of the overall feeding system.

[0024] Please see the attached Figure 2 and attached Figure 3 The broken line vibrator structure 303 is arranged in a spiral or folded shape to compress the electrical length.

[0025] Specifically, the zigzag vibrator structure 303 is arranged in a spiral or folded shape and is used to compress the electrical length. The zigzag vibrator structure 303 extends the equivalent electrical length within a limited structural space through a nonlinear path design, so that it can significantly shorten the physical length while maintaining the target resonant frequency, thereby meeting the compact requirements of multi-band common aperture layout, and optimizing the radiation directivity and matching performance of the vibrator through the regulation of the geometric structure, thereby improving the radiation efficiency and bandwidth response capability in each frequency band.

[0026] Please see the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 4 A high dielectric constant layer 5 is provided between the circular radiation metal plates 301. The dielectric constant of the high dielectric constant layer 5 is in the range of 20 to 50, and has a low loss factor.

[0027] Specifically, a high dielectric constant layer 5 is arranged between the circular radiating metal plates 301. The dielectric constant of the high dielectric constant layer 5 ranges from 20 to 50, and has a low loss factor. The high dielectric constant layer 5 is used to achieve effective compression and resonance enhancement of electromagnetic waves in a limited vertical space, so that the overall structure of the antenna can further reduce the physical thickness while maintaining electrical performance, while reducing the leakage of radiation energy in non-target directions, enhancing the low elevation angle gain characteristics of the antenna, and ensuring the stable output of multi-band radiation efficiency through its low loss characteristics.

[0028] Please see the attached Figure 1 ,The top spiral radiator 4 is excited by a dual-feed network, and the axial ratio bandwidth is optimized through the feeding network.

[0029] Specifically, the top spiral radiator 4 adopts dual-feed network excitation, and the axial ratio bandwidth is optimized through the feeding network. The top spiral radiator 4 realizes high-purity circularly polarized radiation by setting two mutually orthogonal feeding ports and introducing an equal-amplitude difference phase feeding structure. The feeding network is used to maintain a 90-degree phase difference and amplitude consistency within the working frequency band, thereby effectively expanding the axial ratio bandwidth.

[0030] Please see the attached Figure 1 The top spiral radiator 4 is installed on the top of the antenna support pole 1 through an insulating fixed base, and the fixed base is made of an electrically insulating material with a dielectric constant less than 4.

[0031] Specifically, the top spiral radiator 4 is installed on the top of the antenna support pole 1 through an insulating fixed base. The fixed base is made of an electrically insulating material with a dielectric constant less than 4. The fixed base is used to provide structural support and positioning to ensure that the top spiral radiator 4 has a stable installation posture when working at high frequency. The low dielectric constant insulating material used can effectively reduce the dielectric loss of high-frequency signals at the base.

[0032] Please see the attached Figure 5 , the control module includes: Frequency band selection unit, used to automatically select and adjust the working frequency band of the antenna; Polarization control unit, used to adjust the polarization state of the antenna to ensure circular polarization performance in different frequency bands; Transceiver multiplexing management unit, used to multiplex transmit and receive signals in multiple frequency bands and optimize isolation between ports; The feedback signal processing unit is used to receive and process feedback signals from the external environment and adjust the antenna working state in real time.

[0033] Specifically, the frequency band selection unit is used to automatically select and adjust the working frequency band of the antenna. The frequency band selection unit dynamically switches the working state of the radiation unit of the corresponding frequency band by receiving system control signals or identifying channel requirements, thereby achieving fast switching and efficient coordination between multiple frequency bands; Polarization control unit, used to adjust the polarization state of the antenna to ensure circular polarization performance in different frequency bands. The polarization control unit can automatically adjust the phase and amplitude configuration of the feed network according to the operating frequency to ensure high-purity circularly polarized radiation in each frequency band and suppress cross-polarization interference; The transceiver multiplexing management unit is used to multiplex transmit and receive signals in multiple frequency bands and optimize the isolation between ports. The transceiver multiplexing management unit controls the switching of transmit and receive paths in different frequency bands through independent feeding channels and isolation networks, improving the system's spectrum multiplexing capabilities and enhancing electromagnetic isolation between ports. The feedback signal processing unit is used to receive and process feedback signals from the external environment and adjust the antenna working status in real time. The feedback signal processing unit dynamically perceives parameters such as the received signal quality and changes in the electromagnetic environment to achieve adaptive optimization and adjustment, thereby improving the stability and communication reliability of the antenna in complex application scenarios.

[0034] Working principle: The signal is connected to the external RF system through the antenna connector 2, and the RF signal is transmitted to the antenna support pole 1. The direction of the feed line is guided by the inside of the antenna support pole 1, so that the signal can be accurately transmitted to the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism 3. In this way, multiple circular radiation metal plates 301 are stacked in sequence, and each layer of metal plates supports the zigzag vibrator structure 303 through the corresponding radiation arm base. The radiation arm base supports the zigzag vibrator structure 303, so that signals of different frequency bands are effectively radiated through independent radiation units, and through the electromagnetic isolation between each circular radiation metal plate 301, electromagnetic interference is reduced and the independence of the signal is ensured.

[0035] By using different levels of circular radiating metal plates 301 and a spiral or folded layout to compress the electrical length of the broken-line oscillator structure 303, the antenna can effectively process multiple frequency bands and thereby improve the radiation efficiency at the same time. The central feeding column 304 runs through the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism 3 and is connected to each layer of the radiation structure. In this way, independent feeding signals are provided through a multi-channel feeding path, thereby ensuring that the frequency bands do not interfere with each other and optimizing the multiplexing performance of the receiving and transmitting signals.

[0036] The control module is internally installed in the antenna support pole 1, and relies on electrical connection to interact with the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism 3, the central feed column 304 and the top spiral radiator 4 to automatically select and adjust the antenna's operating frequency band, polarization state and transceiver multiplexing mode, thereby ensuring that signals in different frequency bands can operate efficiently and stably, and optimizing the isolation between ports. At the same time, the antenna's operating state is adjusted in real time according to the feedback signal from the external environment to ensure the stability of the antenna signal.

[0037] The examples of this specific embodiment are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna, characterized in that: include: An antenna connector (2) is used for signal connection with an external radio frequency system, an antenna support rod (1) is provided on the top of the antenna connector (2), and the antenna support rod (1) is used to support the antenna structure and guide the feed line; A multi-band stacked radiation mechanism (3) is arranged outside the antenna support rod (1) and is sequentially stacked along the axial direction of the antenna support rod (1); A top spiral radiator (4) is arranged on the top of the antenna support rod (1) and is used for circularly polarized radiation in the high frequency band; A control module is installed inside the antenna support rod (1). The control module interacts with the multi-band stacked radiation mechanism (3), the central feed column (304) and the top spiral radiator (4) through electrical connection to adjust the antenna's operating frequency band, polarization state and transceiver multiplexing mode.

2. The multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-band stacked radiation mechanism (3) comprises a plurality of circular radiation metal plates (301), the circular radiation metal plates (301) being mounted on the outside of the antenna support rod (1), the circular radiation metal plates (301) being provided with corresponding radiation arm bases (302), and the radiation arm bases (302) being provided with a broken line oscillator structure (303) on the outside.

3. The multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: A central feeding column (304) is provided at the bottom of the circular radiation metal plate (301), the exterior of the central feeding column (304) is provided inside the antenna support rod (1), and the central feeding column (304) includes a plurality of independent feeding channels for providing independent feeding paths.

4. The multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The broken-line vibrator structure (303) is arranged in a spiral or folded shape and is used to compress the electrical length.

5. The multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: A high dielectric constant layer (5) is provided between the circular radiation metal plates (301); the dielectric constant of the high dielectric constant layer (5) is in the range of 20 to 50, and has a low loss factor.

6. The multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top spiral radiator (4) is excited by a dual-feed network, and the axial ratio bandwidth is optimized through the feeding network.

7. The multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top spiral radiator (4) is mounted on the top of the antenna support rod (1) via an insulating fixed base, and the fixed base is made of an electrically insulating material with a dielectric constant less than 4.

8. The multi-band co-aperture circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes: Frequency band selection unit, used to automatically select and adjust the working frequency band of the antenna; Polarization control unit, used to adjust the polarization state of the antenna to ensure circular polarization performance in different frequency bands; Transceiver multiplexing management unit, used to multiplex transmit and receive signals in multiple frequency bands and optimize isolation between ports; The feedback signal processing unit is used to receive and process feedback signals from the external environment and adjust the antenna working state in real time.

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