Integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission, and the system comprises a channel integrated receiving and transmitting module which generates a plurality of photons with entangled paths according to an input light beam, outputs the photons to a user linear optical network in a coding compression and decoding decompression manner, and outputs the photons to a server linear optical network; the server linear optical network is used for preparing an initial state for the input photons, performing unitary transformation, linear combination and beam combination according to the initial state and a linear term coefficient, and performing projection measurement on a light quantum state after beam combination; and the user linear optical network is used for encoding the path of the input photon to obtain a linear term coefficient, transmitting the linear term coefficient to the server linear optical network, and performing projection measurement on the received photon state. According to the invention, efficient transmission of the quantum information between the user and the server can be realized, the transmission cost of the quantum data and the data loss rate in the transmission process are reduced, and the data security is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular to an integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission. Background Art

[0002] A quantum computer is a device that follows the laws of quantum mechanics to perform high-speed mathematical and logical operations, store, and process quantum information. Quantum computing, a computing technology based on the principles of quantum mechanics, leverages the superposition and entanglement of quantum bits (qubits) to rapidly process large amounts of data and solve problems that are difficult to address with classical computing. Quantum computing's characteristics include rapid speed, robust information processing capabilities, and a wide range of applications. Compared to classical computing, quantum computing is more suitable for processing large and complex data and can more efficiently solve key problems.

[0003] The primary use of quantum computers in the future will likely be similar to how supercomputers are used today: quantum computing servers are deployed in several computing centers, and different users access the quantum computing resources in these centers through specific methods to complete their respective computing tasks. In this distributed user-server quantum computing model, high-dimensional quantum transmission of computing tasks is a key issue that needs to be considered. High-dimensional quantum data transmission means higher resource consumption, higher data loss rate, lower transmission efficiency, and greater risk of espionage.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission to achieve efficient transmission of quantum information between users and servers, reduce the transmission cost of quantum data and the data loss rate during transmission, and improve data security. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve some or all of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission.

[0006] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] An integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission is provided, comprising:

[0008] The channel integrated transceiver module is used to generate multiple light paths based on the input light beam, generate multiple path-entangled photons for each light path, and output the photons of one wavelength to the user linear optical network through encoding compression and decoding decompression, and output the photons of other wavelengths to the server linear optical network;

[0009] The server linear optical network can be configured on the server side. The server linear optical network is connected to the channel integrated transceiver module. The server linear optical network is used to prepare an initial state for the input photons, perform unitary transformation, linear combination and beam combining based on the prepared initial state and the linear term coefficients transmitted by the user linear optical network, obtain the combined light quantum state, perform projection measurement on the combined light quantum state, and transmit the light quantum state result to the user linear optical network;

[0010] The user linear optical network can be configured at the user end. The user linear optical network is connected to the channel integrated transceiver module. The user linear optical network is used to encode the path of the input photon, obtain the linear term coefficient, and transmit the linear term coefficient to the server linear optical network, as well as to perform projection measurement on the received light quantum state.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, the channel integrated transceiver module includes: a configurable entangled multi-photon source, a coding compression linear optical network, and a decoding decompression linear optical network connected in sequence;

[0012] The configurable entangled multi-photon source is also connected to the server linear optical network. The configurable entangled multi-photon source is used to generate multiple light paths according to the input light beam, and generate multiple path-entangled photons for each light path, transmit a photon of a specified wavelength among the generated multiple photons to the coded compression linear optical network, and transmit the photons of the remaining wavelengths among the generated multiple photons to the server linear optical network.

[0013] The coding and compression linear optical network is used to perform coding and compression on the input photons, so that the photons are converted from a high-dimensional state to a low-dimensional state, and the low-dimensional state photons are sent to the decoding and decompression linear optical network;

[0014] The decoding and decompression linear optical network is also connected to the user linear optical network. The decoding and decompression linear optical network is used to decode and decompress the received photons, restore the photons from a low-dimensional state to an original high-dimensional state, and transmit the photons restored to the original high-dimensional state to the user linear optical network.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, the configurable entangled multi-photon source includes: an interference regulation network, an entangled multi-photon source, and a wavelength division multiplexer;

[0016] The interference adjustment network includes a log2N-level Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a second phase shifter. Each output port of the upper-level Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the log2N-level Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected to an input port of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the lower-level. The log2N-level Mach-Zehnder interferometers form a "binary tree" arrangement. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer of the last level The output ports are connected to a second phase shifter in sequence, and the interference adjustment network is used to perform interference adjustment on the input light beam and output N paths of light;

[0017] The entangled multi-photon source includes N entangled multi-photon sources, the input ends of the N entangled multi-photon sources are respectively connected to the output ends of the N second phase shifters in the interferometer adjustment network, and the entangled multi-photon source is used to generate P path-entangled photons according to a received light path and output them;

[0018] The input end of the wavelength division multiplexer is respectively connected to the output ends of the N entangled multi-photon sources, and the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is respectively connected to the coded compression linear optical network and the server linear optical network. The wavelength division multiplexer is used to transmit a photon of a specified wavelength among the multiple photons output by the entangled multi-photon source to the coded compression linear optical network, and transmit the photons of the remaining wavelengths among the multiple photons output by the entangled multi-photon source to the server linear optical network;

[0019] Wherein, N is a natural number and N≥2, and P is a natural number and P≥2.

[0020] In some optional embodiments, when the configurable entangled multi-photon source generates and outputs N paths of light, the input end of the coding and compression linear optical network includes N input ports, the output end of the coding and compression linear optical network includes N′ output ports, the input end of the decoding and decompression linear optical network includes N′ input ports, the output end of the decoding and decompression linear optical network includes N output ports, the coding and compression linear optical network transforms photons from a high-dimensional state N dimensions to a low-dimensional state N′ dimensions, and the decoding and decompression linear optical network restores photons from the low-dimensional state N′ dimensions to a high-dimensional state N dimensions;

[0021] Wherein, N′ is a natural number, and 2≤N′≤N.

[0022] In some optional implementations, the server linear optical network includes: an initial state configuration linear optical network, a unitary operator configuration linear optical network, and a first projection measurement linear optical network;

[0023] The initial state configuration linear optical network includes multiple groups, each group includes multiple initial state configuration linear optical networks, each of the initial state configuration linear optical networks is connected to the channel integrated transceiver module, a group of the initial state configuration linear optical networks receives photons with the same wavelength in the multiple photons output by the channel integrated transceiver module, and one of the initial state configuration linear optical networks in each group of the initial state configuration linear optical networks receives a photon with the same wavelength, prepares an initial state for the received photons, and outputs the prepared initial state;

[0024] The unitary operator configured linear optical network includes multiple groups, each group includes multiple unitary operator configured linear optical networks, multiple groups of unitary operator configured linear optical networks are respectively connected to multiple groups of initial state configured linear optical networks, multiple unitary operator configured linear optical networks in a group of unitary operator configured linear optical networks are respectively connected to multiple initial state configured linear optical networks in a group of initial state configured linear optical networks, and the unitary operator configured linear optical network is used to perform unitary transformation, linear combination and beam combining according to the initial state of the photon input by the initial state configured linear optical network and the linear term coefficient transmitted by the user linear optical network to obtain a beam-combined light quantum state, and output the obtained light quantum state;

[0025] The first projection measurement linear optical network includes multiple first projection measurement linear optical networks, and the multiple first projection measurement linear optical networks are respectively connected to multiple groups of the unitary operator configuration linear optical networks. The first projection measurement linear optical network is used to perform projection measurement on the light quantum state output by the unitary operator configuration linear optical network.

[0026] In some optional embodiments, the user linear optical network includes: a coefficient configuration linear optical network and a second projection measurement linear optical network connected in sequence;

[0027] The coefficient configuration linear optical network is also connected to the channel integrated transceiver module, and is used to encode the path of the photon input by the channel integrated transceiver module to obtain linear term coefficients, and transmit the linear term coefficients to the server linear optical network, and transmit the received light quantum state to the second projection measurement linear optical network;

[0028] The second projection measurement linear optical network is used to perform projection measurement on the received light quantum state.

[0029] In some optional implementations, the initial configuration linear optical network adopts a multi-stage chain structure.

[0030] In some optional implementations, the encoding and compression linear optical network, the decoding and decompression linear optical network, and the coefficient configuration linear optical network adopt an optical network structure with a rectangular distribution.

[0031] In some optional implementations, the first projection measurement linear optical network and the second projection measurement linear optical network adopt an inverted tree structure.

[0032] In some optional implementations, the user linear optical network transmits linear term coefficients to the server linear optical network via quantum teleportation.

[0033] The main advantages of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission of the present invention generates path-entangled photons by utilizing a channel integrated transceiver module, transmits the photons to a server linear optical network at the server end, and transmits the photons to a user linear optical network at the user end through compression and decompression. In addition, the system performs initial state preparation, unitary transformation, linear combination, beam combining, and projection measurement processing of the photons in the server linear optical network according to the linear term coefficients generated and transmitted by the user linear optical network. This system can achieve efficient transmission of quantum information between the user and the server, reduce the transmission cost of quantum data and the data loss rate during the transmission process. Moreover, since the coefficients are hidden from the server, the confidentiality of the computing task requirements can be guaranteed, data security can be improved, and favorable support can be provided for user computing privacy and security in distributed secure quantum computing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 A block diagram of the structure of an integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structural principle of an integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a quantum computing process implemented in an integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a circuit for implementing a linear combination operation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical network with a rectangular distribution provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an initial configuration linear optical network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical network for beam combining provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a projection measurement linear optical network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structural principle of an integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission for processing 4×4-dimensional two-photon entangled states provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] refer to Figure 1-2 , an embodiment of the present invention provides an integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission, the system comprising:

[0048] The channel integrated transceiver module 1 is used to generate multiple light paths based on the input light beam, generate multiple path-entangled photons for each light path, and output the photons of one wavelength to the user linear optical network 3 through encoding compression and decoding decompression, and output the photons of other wavelengths to the server linear optical network 2;

[0049] The server linear optical network 2 can be configured on the server side. The server linear optical network 2 is connected to the channel integrated transceiver module 1. The server linear optical network 2 is used to prepare an initial state for the input photons, perform unitary transformation, linear combination and beam combining according to the prepared initial state and the linear term coefficients transmitted by the user linear optical network 3, obtain the combined light quantum state, perform projection measurement on the combined light quantum state, and transmit the light quantum state result to the user linear optical network 3;

[0050] The user linear optical network 3 can be configured at the user end. The user linear optical network 3 is connected to the channel integrated transceiver module 1. The user linear optical network 3 is used to encode the path of the input photon, obtain the linear term coefficient, and transmit the linear term coefficient to the server linear optical network 2, and is used to perform projection measurement on the received light quantum state.

[0051] In the integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the server linear optical network 2 and the user linear optical network 3 allocate photon resources and communication connections through the channel integrated transceiver module 1; the channel integrated transceiver module 1 performs interference adjustment on the external input light beam and outputs multiple light paths, generates multiple path entangled photons for each light path, and outputs a specific wavelength of photons in each light path to the user linear optical network 3 through encoding compression and decoding decompression, and outputs photons of other wavelengths in each light path to the server linear optical network 2; the user linear optical network 3 respectively processes each light path input by the channel integrated transceiver module 1 according to the computing task requirements. The path of the photon is encoded to obtain the corresponding linear term coefficient, and the linear term coefficient is transmitted to the server linear optical network 2, and the received light quantum state is projected and measured to confirm whether the light quantum state after low-dimensional decompression is correctly restored to the original high-dimensional state; the server linear optical network 2 prepares the initial state of the photon input by the channel integrated transceiver module 1, and obtains the initial state corresponding to the photon of each wavelength. According to the prepared initial state corresponding to the photon of each wavelength and the linear term coefficient transmitted by the user linear optical network 3, unitary transformation, linear combination and beam combining are performed to obtain the light quantum state after beam combining, projection measurement is performed on the light quantum state after beam combining, and the light quantum state result is transmitted to the user linear optical network 3.

[0052] The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission provided by the embodiment of the present invention generates path-entangled photons by utilizing the channel integrated transceiver module 1, transmits them to the server linear optical network 2 on the server side and transmits them to the user linear optical network 3 on the user side through compression and decompression, and performs initial state preparation, unitary transformation, linear combination, beam combining and projection measurement processing of the photons in the server linear optical network 2 according to the linear term coefficients generated and transmitted by the user linear optical network 3. This can achieve efficient transmission of quantum information between the user and the server, reduce the transmission cost of quantum data and the data loss rate during the transmission process; and can ensure the confidentiality of the linear term coefficients converted according to the computing task requirements, ensure the confidentiality of the computing task requirements, improve data security, and provide favorable support for user computing privacy and security in distributed secure quantum computing.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present invention, the user linear optical network 3 transmits the linear term coefficients to the server linear optical network 2 through quantum teleportation; and the server linear optical network 2 transmits the results to the user linear optical network 3 through a classical channel.

[0054] refer to Figure 1 , further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the channel integrated transceiver module 1 includes: a configurable entangled multi-photon source 101, a coding compression linear optical network 102, and a decoding decompression linear optical network 103 connected in sequence;

[0055] The configurable entangled multi-photon source 101 is further connected to the server linear optical network 2. The configurable entangled multi-photon source 101 is used to generate multiple light paths according to the input light beam, and generate multiple path-entangled photons for each light path, transmit a photon of a specified wavelength among the generated multiple photons to the coded compression linear optical network 102, and transmit the photons of the remaining wavelengths among the generated multiple photons to the server linear optical network 2;

[0056] The coding and compression linear optical network 102 is used to perform coding and compression on the input photons, so as to convert the photons from a high-dimensional state to a low-dimensional state, and send the low-dimensional state photons to the decoding and decompression linear optical network 103;

[0057] The decoding and decompression linear optical network 103 is also connected to the user linear optical network 3. The decoding and decompression linear optical network is used to decode and decompress the received photons, restore the photons from the low-dimensional state to the original high-dimensional state, and transmit the photons restored to the original high-dimensional state to the user linear optical network 3.

[0058] refer to Figure 2 Furthermore, in order to realize the functions of the configurable entangled multi-photon source 101 defined above, in an embodiment of the present invention, the configurable entangled multi-photon source 101 includes: an interference adjustment network, an entangled multi-photon source 121 and a wavelength division multiplexer 131;

[0059] The interferometric adjustment network includes a log2N-level Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a second phase shifter 1113, Each output port of the upper-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the first-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected to an input port of a lower-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the last stage form a "binary tree" arrangement. Each output port is connected to a second phase shifter 1113 in sequence, and the interference adjustment network is used to perform interference adjustment on the input light beam and output N paths of light;

[0060] The entangled multi-photon source 121 includes N entangled multi-photon sources, and the input ends of the N entangled multi-photon sources 121 are respectively connected to the output ends of the N second phase shifters 1113 in the interference adjustment network. The entangled multi-photon source 121 is used to generate P path-entangled photons according to a received light path and output them;

[0061] The input end of the wavelength division multiplexer 131 is respectively connected to the output end of n entangled multi-photon sources 121, and the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer 131 is respectively connected to the coded compression linear optical network 102 and the server linear optical network 2. The wavelength division multiplexer 131 is used to transmit a photon of a specified wavelength among the multiple photons output by the entangled multi-photon source 121 to the coded compression linear optical network 102, and to transmit the photons of the remaining wavelengths among the multiple photons output by the entangled multi-photon source 121 to the server linear optical network 2.

[0062] Wherein, n is a natural number, and n≥2, and the specific value of n is determined according to actual needs;

[0063] Wherein, P is a natural number and P≥2. The specific value of P is determined according to actual needs.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the structure of the configurable entangled multi-photon source 101 defined above, the first-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer of the log2N-stage Mach-Zehnder interferometer receives an external input light beam, forms n-path light according to the input light beam, and outputs the n-path light to the entangled multi-photon source 121. The probability of each entangled multi-photon source 121 generating entangled photons is Each entangled multi-photon source 121 generates P photons with different wavelengths and outputs the P photons with different wavelengths to the wavelength division multiplexer 131. The wavelength division multiplexer 131 routes a photon of a specified wavelength among the P photons with different wavelengths output by each entangled multi-photon source 121 to the coded compression linear optical network 102, and routes the photons of the remaining wavelengths among the P photons with different wavelengths to the server linear optical network 2.

[0065] A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an interferometer that can be used to control the relative phase shift changes caused by a light beam emitted from a single light source being split into two collimated beams and then passing through different paths and media. Figure 2 In an embodiment of the present invention, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer includes a first phase shifter 1111 and two multi-mode interferometers 1112 connected to the first phase shifter 1111 .

[0066] In an embodiment of the present invention, based on the structure of the interferometer adjustment network defined above, phase shifters can be provided within the interferometer adjustment network to adjust the phase of each light beam outputted by the interferometer adjustment network to zero and ensure uniform light beams, thereby maximizing the efficiency of entangled photon states generated by the entangled multi-photon source 121. The phase shifters can adjust each light beam using an external classical control signal, ensuring that the phase of each light beam before reaching the entangled multi-photon source 121 is zero.

[0067] Correspondingly, in an embodiment of the present invention, based on the structure of the configurable entangled multi-photon source 101 defined above, when the configurable entangled multi-photon source 101 generates and outputs N paths of light, the input end of the coding and compression linear optical network 102 includes N input ports, the output end of the coding and compression linear optical network 102 includes N′ output ports, the input end of the decoding and decompression linear optical network 103 includes N′ input ports, the output end of the decoding and decompression linear optical network 103 includes N output ports, the coding and compression linear optical network 102 converts photons from a high-dimensional state N-dimensional to a low-dimensional state N′-dimensional, and the decoding and decompression linear optical network 103 restores photons from a low-dimensional state N′-dimensional to a high-dimensional state N-dimensional.

[0068] Wherein, n′ is a natural number, and 2≤N′≤N, and the specific value of N′ is determined according to actual needs.

[0069] refer to Figure 1-2 Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to realize the functions of the server linear optical network 2 defined above, the server linear optical network 2 includes: an initial configuration linear optical network 201, a unitary operator configuration linear optical network 202, and a first projection measurement linear optical network 203;

[0070] The initial state configuration linear optical network 201 includes multiple groups, each group includes multiple initial state configuration linear optical networks 201, each initial state configuration linear optical network 201 is connected to the channel integrated transceiver module 1, one group of initial state configuration linear optical networks 201 receives photons of the same wavelength from multiple photons output by the channel integrated transceiver module 1, and one initial state configuration linear optical network 201 in each group of initial state configuration linear optical networks 201 receives a photon of the same wavelength, prepares an initial state for the received photon, and outputs the prepared initial state;

[0071] The unitary operator-configured linear optical network 202 includes multiple groups, each group includes multiple unitary operator-configured linear optical networks 202, and the multiple groups of unitary operator-configured linear optical networks 202 are respectively connected to the multiple groups of initial-state-configured linear optical networks 201. The multiple unitary operator-configured linear optical networks 202 in a group of unitary operator-configured linear optical networks 202 are respectively connected to the multiple initial-state-configured linear optical networks 201 in a group of initial-state-configured linear optical networks 201. The unitary operator-configured linear optical network 202 is used to perform unitary transformation, linear combination, and beam combining according to the initial state of the photons input by the initial-state-configured linear optical network 201 and the linear term coefficients transmitted by the user linear optical network 3 to obtain a combined light quantum state and output the obtained light quantum state.

[0072] The first projection measurement linear optical network 203 includes multiple first projection measurement linear optical networks 203, which are respectively connected to multiple groups of unitary operator configuration linear optical networks 202. The first projection measurement linear optical network 203 is used to perform projection measurement on the light quantum state output by the unitary operator configuration linear optical network 202.

[0073] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, based on the structure of the channel integrated transceiver module 1 and the configurable entangled multi-photon source 101 defined above, the initial state configuration linear optical network 201 is connected to the wavelength division multiplexer 131 in the configurable entangled multi-photon source 101 in the channel integrated transceiver module 1, and the initial state configuration linear optical network 201 includes P-1 groups, each group of initial state configuration linear optical networks 201 includes N initial state configuration linear optical networks 201, and the P-1 group of initial state configuration linear optical networks 201 respectively receives photons of P-1 wavelengths, and the N initial state configuration linear optical networks 201 in the same group of initial state configuration linear optical networks 201 respectively receive photons with the same wavelength in N photons; the unitary operator configuration linear optical network 202 includes P-1 groups, and each group of unitary operators The configuration linear optical network 202 includes N unitary operator configuration linear optical networks 202, and P-1 groups of unitary operator configuration linear optical networks 202 are respectively connected to P-1 groups of initial state configuration linear optical networks 201, that is, the m-th unitary operator configuration linear optical network 202 of the M-th group is connected to the m-th initial state configuration linear optical network 201 of the M-th group, 1≤M≤P-1, 1≤m≤N; the first projection measurement linear optical network 203 includes P-1, and P-1 first projection measurement linear optical networks 203 are respectively connected to P-1 groups of unitary operator configuration linear optical networks 202, that is, one first projection measurement linear optical network 203 is connected to N unitary operator configuration linear optical networks 202 in a group of unitary operator configuration linear optical networks 202.

[0074] refer to Figure 1-2,Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, in order to realize the functions of the user linear optical network 3 defined above, the user linear optical network 3 includes: a coefficient configuration linear optical network 301 and a second projection measurement linear optical network 302 connected in sequence;

[0075] The coefficient configuration linear optical network 301 is also connected to the channel integrated transceiver module 1, and is used to encode the path of the photon input by the channel integrated transceiver module 1 to obtain the linear term coefficient, and transmit the linear term coefficient to the server linear optical network 2, and transmit the received light quantum state to the second projection measurement linear optical network 302;

[0076] The second projection measurement linear optical network 302 is used to perform projection measurement on the received light quantum state.

[0077] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, based on the structure of the channel integrated transceiver module 1 and the configurable entangled multi-photon source 101 defined above, and the structure of the server linear optical network 2, the coefficient configuration linear optical network 301 is connected to the decoding and decompression linear optical network 103 in the channel integrated transceiver module 1, and the path of the photon input into the decoding and decompression linear optical network 103 is encoded to obtain the linear term coefficient, and the linear term coefficient is transmitted to the unitary operator configuration linear optical network 202 in the server linear optical network 2, and the received light quantum state is transmitted to the second projection measurement linear optical network 302, and the second projection measurement linear optical network 302 performs projection measurement on the received light quantum state.

[0078] In mathematics, a unitary transformation is a transformation that preserves inner products. The inner product of two vectors before the transformation is equal to the inner product after the transformation. Unitary transformations are performed using unitary operators. There are transformations of basis vectors and transformations of operators. Unitary transformations can be considered isomorphisms between two Hilbert spaces.

[0079] Specifically, if we want to realize a certain unitary matrix V T , here V T It can be expressed as V T =α j U j , j=0,1,2,…,n-1, where U j is a gate acting on the d-dimensional target (T) subspace, α j is a complex coefficient, satisfying When the controlled U j When gates are available, we can implement V in a probabilistic way T α j The initial state encoded as k-qubit control (C) Where n = 2 k, j denotes the computational basis. When all control qubits are finally measured as 0 in the computational basis, the circuit succeeds. By moving the partial states of the target qubits into the extended Hilbert space, the control qubits can more easily act on the unitary state of a single qubit. To this end, in embodiments of the present invention, techniques based on the extended computational Hilbert space can be used to implement linear combination circuits.

[0080] In principle, any quantum unitary operation can be decomposed into a linear sum of elementary operations. For example, using Cartan's KAK decomposition, any two-qubit unitary operation can be rewritten as a linear combination of four linear terms, each of which is the tensor product of two single-qubit gates. Furthermore, Cartan's decomposition method allows n-qubit unitary operations to be reconstructed as a linear combination of the tensor products of n single-qubit gates. To achieve linear combinations of quantum operations, it is necessary to add coherent control for any unknown quantum operation. This technique is based on gates that extend the logical Hilbert space used for computation.

[0081] Data compression is a ubiquitous process, commonly used to transmit large audio and video files. Encoders are an effective means of compressing large datasets. For example, given a training set, an encoder maps the input data to a latent space, and a decoder maps the latent space back to the input space. Generalizing this learning process to quantum systems requires considering some fundamental differences between classical and quantum information. For example, while a complete description of the state of a classical system can be achieved through measurement, this typically requires measuring an infinite number of copies of the system for quantum systems. Quantum compression protocols have been demonstrated to be possible based on the Schur-Weyl transform. Quantum autoencoders, based on machine learning, can efficiently compress specific datasets of quantum states. Through data compression, quantum autoencoders can be a useful tool for transmitting high-dimensional quantum information between remote parties. Removing redundancy from the input quantum state allows quantum information to be encoded in a lower-dimensional state, reducing the resource cost required to transmit the quantum information. Quantum encoders can reduce the requirements for quantum memory, quantum communication channels, and computational resources, making them suitable for applications in distributed architectures such as quantum internet, cryptography, and quantum state transfer.

[0082] Further, refer to Figure 2 , assume that: P-1 groups of initial configuration linear optical networks 201 are represented as: O1, O2, ..., O M ,…,O P-1 ; (P-1)×N unitary operators configure the linear optical network 202 and are respectively expressed as: U1 (1) ,U1 (2) ,…,U1 (N) ,U2 (1) ,U2(2) ,…,U2 (N) ,…,U P-1 (1) ,U P-1 (2) ,…,U P-1 (N) ; P-1 first projection measurement linear optical networks 203 are respectively represented as: T1, T2, ..., T M ,…,T P-1 ;

[0083] Based on the structures of the channel integrated transceiver module 1 and the configurable entangled multi-photon source 101, the server linear optical network 2, and the user linear optical network 3 defined above in the embodiments of the present invention, after photons pass through the wavelength division multiplexer 131, corresponding multi-photon path entangled states are generated at the entrance of the initial state configuration linear optical network 201 according to their wavelengths. Furthermore, a group of photons (N) with the same wavelength are selected and routed to the encoding and compression linear optical network 102 to prepare a compressed state. These are then transmitted via a low-dimensional quantum channel to the decoding and decompression linear optical network 103 to complete decoding and recovery of the original state. After being projected and measured by the coefficient configuration linear optical network 301, the probabilistic selection results are all states of |0>. The Mth group of photons with the same wavelengths, |M>1|M>2…|M> N Each photon in is routed to the Mth group of initial configuration linear optical network 2010 M The initial state is generated, and the Mth group of photons with the same wavelength are routed to the Mth group of unitary operators to configure the linear optical network 202U M (1) ,U M (2) ,…,U M (N) Complete the unitary transformation and linear combination, where the coefficients of the linear terms are denoted as α1, α2...α N , the user linear optical network 3 provides N linear term coefficients α1, α2, ..., α to the unitary operator configuration linear optical network 202 through quantum teleportation. N , the linear term coefficient acts on each term of the linear combination of the unitary operator, and the quantum state result can be obtained after the optical path is combined: The first projection measurement linear optical network 203 performs projection measurement on the combined light quantum state.

[0084] Further, refer to Figure 3-4 In this embodiment of the present invention, the user linear optical network 3 provides the algorithm and input state, and the server linear optical network 2 provides the operator. Specifically, the algorithm can be expressed as The input state can be expressed as |ψ>, and the operator can be expressed as U i , input the algorithm, input state and operator as shown in the attached Figure 4 The linear combination circuit shown in the figure is processed to obtain the target. For example, |ψ> is encoded in the first d-dimensional subspace in the n*d-dimensional quantum space, X (1,j) represents the exchange operation of the corresponding basis elements of the first subspace and the jth subspace of |ψ>, which are controlled by the qubits in the user linear optical network 3, and the result can be

[0085] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the encoding and compression linear optical network 102 and the decoding and decompression linear optical network 103 of the channel integrated transceiver module 1 both use a universal linear optical network that can realize multidimensional transformation; the initial state configuration linear optical network 201, the unitary operator configuration linear optical network 202 and the first projection measurement linear optical network 203 in the server linear optical network 2 adopt a universal linear optical network that can realize multidimensional transformation; the coefficient configuration linear optical network 301 and the second projection measurement linear optical network 302 in the user linear optical network 3 adopt a universal linear optical network that can realize multidimensional transformation.

[0086] The encoding and compression linear optical network 102 and the decoding and decompression linear optical network 103 are as shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 The optical network structure is rectangular and initially configured as a linear optical network 201. Figure 6 The multi-stage chain structure shown in FIG. 2 is a linear optical network 202 configured by a unitary operator. Figure 5 The rectangular optical network structure shown in the figure and the attached Figure 7 The combined optical network shown in FIG. 1 and the first projection measurement linear optical network 203 and the second projection measurement linear optical network 302 are used as shown in FIG. Figure 8 The optical network structure shown is in an inverted tree shape.

[0087] The principles of the integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific examples:

[0088] Example 1

[0089] refer to Figure 9 , a single photon passes through the entangled multi-photon source 121 to generate a signal photon and an idler photon. The generated quantum bit states are |α> a ,|β> b ,|γ> c ,|δ> d ,|α> e ,|β> f ,|γ> g ,|δ> h After adjusting the phase through the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the maximum entangled state 1 / 2 (|α>a |α> e +|β> b |β> f +|γ> c |γ> g +|δ> d |δ> h By adjusting the configurable unitary matrix parameters of the encoding and compression linear optical network 102, the four-dimensional quantum state sent to the user linear optical network 3 is compressed into a two-dimensional state, and transmitted to the decoding and decompression linear optical network 103 through the two-dimensional quantum channel. The two-dimensional state is restored to the original state through the inverse transformation, and then the linear term coefficient configuration and projection measurement are completed. The path of the server linear optical network 2 is expanded to 4 dimensions. The unitary transformation U of the server linear optical network 2 is: (0) 、U (1) 、U (2) and U (3) Acting on |α> e 、|β> f 、|γ> g and |δ> h In practice, |α> e 、|β> f 、|γ> g and |δ> h We can use a defined basis |0>=[1 0 0 0] T 、|1>=[0 10 0] T 、|2>=[0 0 1 0] T and |3>=[0 0 0 1] T To express it. After the universal optical network unitary transformation U (0) 、U (1) 、U (2) and U (3) The post-action state is The final result is that the user linear optical network 3 requires the server linear optical network 2 to perform the corresponding operation to complete the calculation of the 16-dimensional quantum state and obtain the 16-dimensional quantum bit Wherein, |0> is provided by the initial configuration linear optical network 201, the unitary transformation U (0) 、U (1) 、U (2) and U (3) Provided by the server linear optical network 2, the linear term coefficients α, β, γ, and δ are provided by the user linear optical network 3 and are hidden from the server linear optical network 2. The high-dimensional quantum state transmission between the user linear optical network 3 and the server linear optical network 2 is completed through the encoding compression-low-dimensional quantum channel transmission-decoding decompression method of the channel integrated transceiver module 1.

[0090] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In addition, "front", "back", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" in this document are all referenced to the placement states shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission, characterized in that: include: The channel integrated transceiver module is used to generate multiple light paths based on the input light beam, generate multiple path-entangled photons for each light path, and output the photons of one wavelength to the user linear optical network through encoding compression and decoding decompression, and output the photons of other wavelengths to the server linear optical network; The server linear optical network can be configured on the server side. The server linear optical network is connected to the channel integrated transceiver module. The server linear optical network is used to prepare an initial state for the input photons, perform unitary transformation, linear combination and beam combining based on the prepared initial state and the linear term coefficients transmitted by the user linear optical network, obtain the combined light quantum state, perform projection measurement on the combined light quantum state, and transmit the light quantum state result to the user linear optical network; The user linear optical network can be configured at the user end. The user linear optical network is connected to the channel integrated transceiver module. The user linear optical network is used to encode the path of the input photon, obtain the linear term coefficient, and transmit the linear term coefficient to the server linear optical network, as well as to perform projection measurement on the received light quantum state.

2. The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The channel integrated transceiver module includes: a configurable entangled multi-photon source, a coding compression linear optical network and a decoding decompression linear optical network connected in sequence; The configurable entangled multi-photon source is also connected to the server linear optical network. The configurable entangled multi-photon source is used to generate multiple light paths according to the input light beam, and generate multiple path-entangled photons for each light path, transmit a photon of a specified wavelength among the generated multiple photons to the coded compression linear optical network, and transmit the photons of the remaining wavelengths among the generated multiple photons to the server linear optical network. The coding and compression linear optical network is used to perform coding and compression on the input photons, so that the photons are converted from a high-dimensional state to a low-dimensional state, and the low-dimensional state photons are sent to the decoding and decompression linear optical network; The decoding and decompression linear optical network is also connected to the user linear optical network. The decoding and decompression linear optical network is used to decode and decompress the received photons, restore the photons from a low-dimensional state to an original high-dimensional state, and transmit the photons restored to the original high-dimensional state to the user linear optical network.

3. The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that: The configurable entangled multi-photon source includes: an interference adjustment network, an entangled multi-photon source and a wavelength division multiplexer; The interference adjustment network includes a log2N-level Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a second phase shifter. Each output port of the upper-level Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the log2N-level Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected to an input port of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the lower-level. The log2N-level Mach-Zehnder interferometers form a "binary tree" arrangement. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer of the last level The output ports are connected to a second phase shifter in sequence, and the interference adjustment network is used to perform interference adjustment on the input light beam and output N paths of light; The entangled multi-photon source includes N entangled multi-photon sources, the input ends of the N entangled multi-photon sources are respectively connected to the output ends of the N second phase shifters in the interferometer adjustment network, and the entangled multi-photon source is used to generate P path-entangled photons according to a received light path and output them; The input end of the wavelength division multiplexer is respectively connected to the output ends of the N entangled multi-photon sources, and the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer is respectively connected to the coded compression linear optical network and the server linear optical network. The wavelength division multiplexer is used to transmit a photon of a specified wavelength among the multiple photons output by the entangled multi-photon source to the coded compression linear optical network, and transmit the photons of the remaining wavelengths among the multiple photons output by the entangled multi-photon source to the server linear optical network; Wherein, N is a natural number and N≥2, and P is a natural number and P≥2.

4. The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the configurable entangled multi-photon source generates and outputs N paths of light, the input end of the coding and compression linear optical network includes N input ports, the output end of the coding and compression linear optical network includes N′ output ports, the input end of the decoding and decompression linear optical network includes N′ input ports, the output end of the decoding and decompression linear optical network includes N output ports, the coding and compression linear optical network converts photons from a high-dimensional state N dimensions to a low-dimensional state N′ dimensions, and the decoding and decompression linear optical network restores photons from the low-dimensional state N′ dimensions to a high-dimensional state N dimensions; Wherein, N′ is a natural number, and 2≤N′≤N.

5. The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission according to claim 3, characterized in that: The server linear optical network includes: an initial state configuration linear optical network, a unitary operator configuration linear optical network and a first projection measurement linear optical network; The initial state configuration linear optical network includes multiple groups, each group includes multiple initial state configuration linear optical networks, each of the initial state configuration linear optical networks is connected to the channel integrated transceiver module, a group of the initial state configuration linear optical networks receives photons with the same wavelength in the multiple photons output by the channel integrated transceiver module, and one of the initial state configuration linear optical networks in each group of the initial state configuration linear optical networks receives a photon with the same wavelength, prepares an initial state for the received photons, and outputs the prepared initial state; The unitary operator configured linear optical network includes multiple groups, each group includes multiple unitary operator configured linear optical networks, multiple groups of unitary operator configured linear optical networks are respectively connected to multiple groups of initial state configured linear optical networks, multiple unitary operator configured linear optical networks in a group of unitary operator configured linear optical networks are respectively connected to multiple initial state configured linear optical networks in a group of initial state configured linear optical networks, and the unitary operator configured linear optical network is used to perform unitary transformation, linear combination and beam combining according to the initial state of the photon input by the initial state configured linear optical network and the linear term coefficient transmitted by the user linear optical network to obtain a beam-combined light quantum state, and output the obtained light quantum state; The first projection measurement linear optical network includes multiple first projection measurement linear optical networks, and the multiple first projection measurement linear optical networks are respectively connected to multiple groups of the unitary operator configuration linear optical networks. The first projection measurement linear optical network is used to perform projection measurement on the light quantum state output by the unitary operator configuration linear optical network.

6. The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission according to claim 5, characterized in that: The user linear optical network includes: a coefficient configuration linear optical network and a second projection measurement linear optical network connected in sequence; The coefficient configuration linear optical network is also connected to the channel integrated transceiver module, and is used to encode the path of the photon input by the channel integrated transceiver module to obtain linear term coefficients, and transmit the linear term coefficients to the server linear optical network, and transmit the received light quantum state to the second projection measurement linear optical network; The second projection measurement linear optical network is used to perform projection measurement on the received light quantum state.

7. The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission according to claim 6, characterized in that: The initial configuration linear optical network adopts a multi-stage chain structure.

8. The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission according to claim 7, characterized in that: The encoding and compression linear optical network, the decoding and decompression linear optical network, and the coefficient configuration linear optical network adopt an optical network structure with a rectangular distribution.

9. The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first projection measurement linear optical network and the second projection measurement linear optical network adopt an inverse tree structure.

10. The integrated optical chip system for distributed high-dimensional quantum information transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The user linear optical network transmits linear term coefficients to the server linear optical network through quantum teleportation.

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