An Internet of Things information transmission method, device, related equipment and system

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides an Internet of Things information transmission method, device, related equipment and system, the method is applied to a first terminal device, the first terminal device is a RedCap terminal, and the method comprises the following steps: receiving sensing data sent by a second terminal device, wherein the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device; the second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal, and the sensing data is sent to a spaceborne base station.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to an Internet of Things information transmission method, device, related equipment and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Satellite Internet of Things refers to providing Internet of Things (IoT) services by using satellite broadband communication. The main value of satellite Internet of Things lies in realizing monitoring of the environment, tracking / control of devices in a specific area, etc.

[0003] In the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) Rel (release) -17 which has been frozen and the 3GPP Rel-18 which is about to be officially frozen, only eMTC (enhanced Machine-Type Communication) devices and NB-IoT (Narrow Band-Internet of Things) devices inherited from 4G are considered for operating IoT in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN).

[0004] However, when the technology system serving the ground conventional terminal is based on the 3GPP 5G NTN technology system, because the technology system of NB-IoT / eMTC is based on 4G LTE (i.e. different from the technology system used for the satellite to provide services for the conventional terminal), in order to make a satellite to provide services for IoT terminals while serving the conventional terminal, it is necessary to additionally increase a set of communication payload suitable for NB-IoT / eMTC system; and the cost of doing so includes: 1) first, a complete on-board baseband component (including baseband board, control board and corresponding baseband processing software) needs to be added. 2) Then, from the perspective of antenna and satellite platform implementation, the hardware design and selection considered for providing services for the conventional terminal (such as the design and selection of multi-channel transceiver, chip and other key devices) cannot adapt to the carrier bandwidth of NB-IoT / eMTC; an additional set of corresponding NB-IoT / eMTC antenna needs to be configured to realize narrowband Internet of Things signal transmission and reception, which will obviously increase the cost of antenna hardware and the implementation complexity of satellite platform. 3) In addition, using two sets of payloads will also increase the power consumption and weight of the satellite platform. There is another solution, that is, to launch a batch of satellites specially for satellite Internet of Things business. No matter which solution is adopted, the cost is high. SUMMARY

[0005] The embodiment of the present application aims to provide an Internet of Things information transmission method, device, related equipment and system to significantly reduce the cost of satellite Internet of Things. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an Internet of Things information transmission method is provided, applied to a first terminal device, which is a lightweight RedCap terminal. The method comprises:

[0007] receiving sensing data sent by a second terminal device, the sensing data being data collected or generated by the device; the second terminal device being an Ambient IoT terminal;

[0008] sending the sensing data to a satellite-based base station.

[0009] Optionally, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal.

[0010] The sensing data is carried in a first signal sent by the second terminal device.

[0011] Optionally, the second terminal device is an active or passive Ambient IoT terminal, and the method further comprises:

[0012] sending a first collection signal to the second terminal device; the first collection signal is used to trigger the second terminal device to modulate sensing data into a first reflection signal of the first collection signal based on a backscatter technology, and send the first reflection signal to the first terminal device.

[0013] Optionally, the sensing data is obtained by the second terminal device from a second reflection signal sent by a third terminal device; wherein the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, and the third terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal.

[0014] The second reflection signal is a signal carrying sensing data generated by the third terminal device based on a backscatter technology after receiving a second collection signal sent by the second terminal device.

[0015] Optionally, a first modulation mode used by a first communication link is different from a second modulation mode used by a second communication link; wherein the first communication link is a communication link between the satellite-based base station and the first terminal device; the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

[0016] Optionally, the energy consumption requirement of the second modulation mode is less than that of the first modulation mode.

[0017] And / or,

[0018] The first signal waveform used by the first communication link is different from a second signal waveform used by the second communication link;

[0019] The energy consumption requirement of the second signal waveform is less than that of the first signal waveform.

[0020] Optionally, the receiver of the first communication link performs channel estimation required for coherent demodulation according to the orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter;

[0021] Optionally, for the second communication link, the reference signal resource pool contains orthogonal reference signals and non-orthogonal reference signals; the receiver of the second communication link performs channel estimation according to the orthogonal or non-orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the transmission priority of the orthogonal reference signals is higher than that of the non-orthogonal reference signals;

[0022] Or, the transmitter of the second communication link does not transmit reference signals, and the receiver of the second communication link completes channel estimation by using the geometric characteristics of the constellation of the received signals.

[0023] Optionally, the first bandwidth BWP of the first communication link is greater than the second BWP of the second communication link.

[0024] Optionally, when the terminal side uses the extended discontinuous reception eDRX technology to achieve power saving, the active period of at least one second terminal device connected with the same first terminal device is aligned in the time domain and is within the active period of the first terminal device.

[0025] Optionally, the first terminal device is configured with a dual-receiving channel, and the first terminal device receives the downlink signal of the first communication link by using a single-receiving channel;

[0026] The first terminal device receives the uplink signal of the second communication link by using a dual-receiving channel, and performs signal demodulation based on a receiving diversity technology.

[0027] Optionally, the receiving of the sensing data sent by the second terminal device and the sending of the sensing data to the spaceborne base station include:

[0028] Identifying the sensing data, and sending the processed data to the spaceborne base station when the identified data meets the pre-set reporting condition.

[0029] In a second aspect, the application provides an Internet of Things information transmission method, applied to a second terminal device, the second terminal device being an Ambient IoT terminal, and the method comprising:

[0030] The first terminal device is a lightweight RedCap terminal.

[0031] Optionally, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal.

[0032] The step of sending the sensing data to the first terminal device comprises: sending a first signal carrying the sensing data to the first terminal device.

[0033] Optionally, the second terminal device is an active or passive Ambient IoT terminal, and the step of sending the sensing data to the first terminal device comprises:

[0034] When the first collection signal sent by the first terminal device is received, the sensing data is modulated into a first reflection signal of the first collection signal, and the first reflection signal is sent to the first terminal device.

[0035] Optionally, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal,

[0036] The sensing data is obtained based on the following manner:

[0037] The third terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal.

[0038] The sensing data is obtained from the second reflection signal.

[0039] Optionally, a first modulation manner adopted by the first communication link is different from a second modulation manner adopted by the second communication link; the first communication link is a communication link between the satellite base station and the first terminal device; and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

[0040] Optionally, an energy consumption requirement of the second modulation manner is less than an energy consumption requirement of the first modulation manner.

[0041] And / or,

[0042] A first signal waveform adopted by the first communication link is different from a second signal waveform adopted by the second communication link.

[0043] An energy consumption requirement of the second signal waveform is less than an energy consumption requirement of the first signal waveform.

[0044] Optionally, the receiver of the first communication link performs channel estimation required for coherent demodulation according to the orthogonal reference signal transmitted by the transmitter.

[0045] Optionally, for the second communication link, the reference signal resource pool contains orthogonal reference signals and non-orthogonal reference signals; the receiver of the second communication link performs channel estimation according to the orthogonal or non-orthogonal reference signal transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the transmission priority of the orthogonal reference signal is higher than that of the non-orthogonal reference signal.

[0046] Alternatively, the transmitter of the second communication link does not transmit a reference signal, and the receiver of the second communication link completes channel estimation using the geometric characteristics of the constellation of the received signal.

[0047] Optionally, the first bandwidth BWP of the first communication link is greater than the second BWP of the second communication link.

[0048] Optionally, when the terminal side adopts an extended discontinuous reception eDRX technology to achieve power saving, the active period of at least one second terminal device connected with the same first terminal device is aligned in the time domain and is within the active period of the first terminal device.

[0049] Optionally, the first terminal device is configured with a dual-receiving channel, and the first terminal device receives the downlink signal of the first communication link using a single-receiving channel.

[0050] The first terminal device receives the uplink signal of the second communication link using a dual-receiving channel and performs signal demodulation based on a receive diversity technology.

[0051] In a third aspect of the present application, an information transmission device for an Internet of Things is provided, which is applied to a first terminal device, the first terminal device being a lightweight RedCap terminal, and the device comprises:

[0052] A receiving module is configured to receive sensing data transmitted by a second terminal device, the sensing data being data collected or generated by the device; the second terminal device being an Ambient IoT terminal.

[0053] A sending module is configured to send the sensing data to a space-based base station.

[0054] Optionally, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, and the sensing data is carried in a first signal transmitted by the second terminal device.

[0055] Optionally, the second terminal device is an active or passive Ambient IoT terminal, and the device further comprises:

[0056] a triggering module, configured to send a first collection signal to the second terminal device; the first collection signal is used to trigger the second terminal device to modulate the sensing data into a first reflection signal of the first collection signal, and send the first reflection signal to the first terminal device.

[0057] Optionally, the sensing data is obtained by the second terminal device from a second reflection signal sent by a third terminal device; the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, and the third terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal.

[0058] The second reflection signal is a signal carrying sensing data generated by the third terminal device based on a backscattering technology after receiving a second collection signal sent by the second terminal device.

[0059] Optionally, a first modulation mode used by the first communication link is different from a second modulation mode used by the second communication link; the first communication link is a communication link between the satellite base station and the first terminal device; and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

[0060] Optionally, an energy consumption requirement of the second modulation mode is less than an energy consumption requirement of the first modulation mode.

[0061] and / or,

[0062] a first signal waveform used by the first communication link is different from a second signal waveform used by the second communication link.

[0063] An energy consumption requirement of the second signal waveform is less than an energy consumption requirement of the first signal waveform.

[0064] Optionally, the receiver of the first communication link performs channel estimation required for coherent demodulation according to orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter.

[0065] Optionally, for the second communication link, a reference signal resource pool contains orthogonal reference signals and non-orthogonal reference signals; the receiver of the second communication link performs channel estimation according to orthogonal or non-orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter, wherein a transmission priority of the orthogonal reference signals is higher than that of the non-orthogonal reference signals.

[0066] Or, the transmitter of the second communication link does not transmit reference signals, and the receiver of the second communication link completes channel estimation by using geometric characteristics of a constellation of a received signal.

[0067] Optionally, a first bandwidth BWP of the first communication link is greater than a second BWP of the second communication link.

[0068] Optionally, when the terminal side adopts an extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) technology to achieve power saving, the active period of at least one second terminal device connected with the first terminal device is aligned in the time domain and is within the active period of the first terminal device.

[0069] Optionally, the first terminal device is configured with a dual-receiving channel, and the first terminal device receives downlink signals of the first communication link using a single-receiving channel.

[0070] The first terminal device receives uplink signals of the second communication link using a dual-receiving channel and implements signal demodulation based on a receiving diversity technology.

[0071] Optionally, the receiving module is specifically configured to: identify the sensing data, and send the processed data to the satellite-based base station when the identified data meets a pre-set reporting condition.

[0072] In a fourth aspect of the present application, an Internet of Things information transmission device is provided, which is applied to a second terminal device, the second terminal device being an Ambient IoT terminal, and the device comprising:

[0073] A sending module is configured to send sensing data to a first terminal device, so that the first terminal device sends the sensing data to a satellite-based base station; the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device; and the first terminal device is a lightweight RedCap terminal.

[0074] Optionally, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal.

[0075] The sending module is specifically configured to send a first signal carrying the sensing data to the first terminal device.

[0076] Optionally, the sending module is specifically configured to:

[0077] When the first terminal device sends a first collection signal, the sensing data is modulated into a first reflection signal of the first collection signal, and the first reflection signal is sent to the first terminal device.

[0078] Optionally, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal,

[0079] The apparatus further comprises an acquisition module configured to send a second collection signal to a third terminal device, so that the third terminal device, after receiving the second collection signal, generates a second reflection signal carrying sensing data based on a backscattering technology, and sends the second reflection signal to the second terminal device; the third terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal; and the sensing data is acquired from the second reflection signal.

[0080] Optionally, a first modulation mode adopted by the first communication link is different from a second modulation mode adopted by the second communication link; the first communication link is a communication link between the satellite-based base station and the first terminal device; and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

[0081] Optionally, an energy consumption requirement of the second modulation mode is less than an energy consumption requirement of the first modulation mode.

[0082] And / or,

[0083] The first communication link adopts a first signal waveform different from a second signal waveform adopted by the second communication link.

[0084] An energy consumption requirement of the second signal waveform is less than an energy consumption requirement of the first signal waveform.

[0085] Optionally, a receiver of the first communication link performs channel estimation required for coherent demodulation according to orthogonal reference signals transmitted by a transmitter.

[0086] Optionally, for the second communication link, a reference signal resource pool contains orthogonal reference signals and non-orthogonal reference signals; a receiver of the second communication link performs channel estimation according to orthogonal or non-orthogonal reference signals transmitted by a transmitter, wherein a transmission priority of the orthogonal reference signals is higher than that of the non-orthogonal reference signals.

[0087] Or, a transmitter of the second communication link does not transmit reference signals, and a receiver of the second communication link completes channel estimation by using geometric characteristics of a constellation of a received signal.

[0088] Optionally, a first bandwidth BWP of the first communication link is greater than a second BWP of the second communication link.

[0089] Optionally, when a terminal side adopts an extended discontinuous reception eDRX technology to achieve power saving, active time periods of at least one second terminal device connected with the first terminal device are aligned in a time domain and are within the active time period of the first terminal device.

[0090] Optionally, the first terminal device is configured with a dual-receiving channel, and the first terminal device receives downlink signals of the first communication link by using a single-receiving channel.

[0091] The first terminal device receives uplink signals of the second communication link by using a dual-receiving channel, and implements signal demodulation based on a reception diversity technology.

[0092] In a fifth aspect of the present application, an Internet of Things information transmission system is provided, comprising: a first terminal device, a second terminal device, and a satellite-based base station; the first terminal device is a lightweight RedCap terminal; the second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal;

[0093] The second terminal device is configured to acquire sensing data and send the sensing data to the first terminal device; the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device;

[0094] The first terminal device is configured to receive the sensing data sent by the second terminal device and send the sensing data to the satellite-based base station.

[0095] Optionally, the system further comprises: a ground gateway station and an application server.

[0096] The satellite-based base station is configured to preprocess the sensing data and send the preprocessed data to the ground gateway station.

[0097] The ground gateway station is configured to send the received data to the application server through a core network.

[0098] In a sixth aspect of the present application, a first terminal device is provided, which is a lightweight RedCap terminal, comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory complete mutual communication through the communication bus.

[0099] The memory is configured to store a computer program.

[0100] The processor is configured to execute the program stored on the memory to implement any of the above Internet of Things information transmission methods.

[0101] In a seventh aspect of the present application, a second terminal device is provided, which is an Ambient IoT terminal, comprising a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory complete mutual communication through the communication bus.

[0102] The memory is configured to store a computer program.

[0103] A processor is configured to implement any of the above-mentioned methods for transmitting information of an Internet of Things when executing a program stored in a memory.

[0104] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, any of the above-mentioned methods for transmitting information of an Internet of Things is implemented.

[0105] The embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0106] The embodiments of the present application provide a method, device, related equipment and system for transmitting information of an Internet of Things. The method is applied to a first terminal device, which is a lightweight RedCap terminal. The method comprises the following steps: receiving sensing data sent by a second terminal device, wherein the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device; the second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal; and sending the sensing data to a satellite base station.

[0107] It can be seen that, when the technology system used by a satellite to serve a conventional terminal on the ground is based on the 3GPP 5G NTN according to the mainstream selection of the industry at present and in the future, compared with the NB-IoT / eMTC terminal based on the 4G technology system considered by the international standard and the industry when providing satellite Internet of Things services, if the RedCap terminal and the Ambient IoT terminal mixed deployment scheme proposed in the present application is used when providing satellite Internet of Things services, a satellite can simultaneously serve conventional terminals and Internet of Things terminals with only one set of communication payloads, without the need for each satellite to additionally increase a set of communication payloads adapted to the NB-IoT / eMTC system or for an operator to specially launch a batch of satellites for satellite Internet of Things services, that is, the cost of the satellite base station side can be reduced. In addition, when only the RedCap terminal is used as a relay node of a direct satellite, and a large number of Ambient IoT terminals with a cost much lower than the NB-IoT / eMTC terminal are deployed to perform information sensing, even from the perspective of the cost of the terminal side, the deployment scheme proposed in the embodiments of the present application is also advantageous. Therefore, the scheme proposed in the present application can significantly improve the performance-price ratio of satellite Internet of Things and greatly reduce the overall cost of satellite Internet of Things.

[0108] Of course, implementing any product or method of the present application does not necessarily need to achieve all the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0109] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only represent some of the embodiments of the present application, and other embodiments can also be obtained by those skilled in the art based on these drawings.

[0110] Figure 1 An architecture schematic diagram of a satellite communication system;

[0111] Figure 2 An architecture schematic diagram of a satellite Internet of Things communication system provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0112] Figure 3 A flow schematic diagram of an information transmission method of an Internet of Things provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0113] Figure 4 Another schematic diagram of an information transmission method of an Internet of Things provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0114] Figure 5 Still another schematic diagram of an information transmission method of an Internet of Things provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0115] Figure 6 A structure schematic diagram of an information transmission device of an Internet of Things provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0116] Figure 7 Another structure schematic diagram of an information transmission device of an Internet of Things provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0117] Figure 8 A structure schematic diagram of a first terminal device provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0118] Figure 9 A structure schematic diagram of a second terminal device provided by the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0119] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments only represent some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0120] For ease of understanding, first, a satellite communication system related to the embodiments of the present application is introduced. The satellite communication system related to the embodiments of the present application is not limited to a geosynchronous orbit (GSO) satellite communication system, a non-geosynchronous orbit (NGSO) satellite communication system including a low earth orbit (LEO) and a medium earth orbit (MEO) satellite communication system, or a new mobile satellite communication system to be emerged in the future.

[0121] The satellite communication system is exemplarily described below in combination with the satellite communication system shown in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of an architecture of a satellite communication system is shown. Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of an architecture of a satellite communication system is shown. Figure 1 The satellite communication system includes a terminal 101, a satellite 102, a ground gateway station 103, and an application server 104.

[0122] The satellite 102 can have multiple beams, and the satellite 102 can communicate with the terminal 101 through the multiple beams. The satellite 102 can also communicate with the ground gateway station 103, for example, transmit data received from the terminal 101 to the ground gateway station 103. The ground gateway station 103 can be connected to the application server 104 through a core network, and the ground gateway station 103 can transmit data to the application server 104 through the core network.

[0123] Satellite Internet of Things refers to providing Internet of Things services by using satellite broadband communication. The main value of satellite Internet of Things lies in realizing monitoring of the environment and tracking / control / management of devices in areas that are difficult to cover by a ground mobile communication network. The following are several typical cases of satellite Internet of Things: 1) asset management: some enterprises have assets distributed in remote areas (for example, oil fields in the Gobi Desert, hydropower stations in deep mountains, etc.), and if manpower is used for patrol, a large cost will be generated; 2) geological disaster prediction; 3) agricultural and forestry applications: many agricultural and forestry scenarios are now operated on a large scale and face problems such as large area and long distance. At the same time, the requirements of the agricultural scenario on the environment are also very high, and it is necessary to strictly monitor temperature, humidity, soil composition, etc. in real time; 4) environmental monitoring of oceans / forests / grasslands / deserts.

[0124] In the field of satellite Internet of Things, Figure 1 The terminal 101 in the satellite communication system is an Internet of Things terminal, and the Internet of Things terminal transmits sensing data to the satellite, which can also be understood as transmitting the sensing data to a satellite-borne base station deployed in the satellite.

[0125] 3GPP's established standards and the industry are currently considering using eMTC devices or NB-IoT devices as satellite Internet of Things terminals, but when the technology system used by the satellite to serve the ground conventional terminals is based on the technology system of 3GPP 5G NTN, because the technology system of NB-IoT / eMTC is based on 4G LTE (i.e. different from the technology system used by the satellite to serve the conventional terminals), in order to make a satellite be able to serve the Internet of Things terminals while serving the conventional terminals, an additional set of communication payloads suitable for NB-IoT / eMTC system is needed; and the cost of doing so includes: 1) First, a complete on-board baseband component (including a baseband board, a control board and corresponding baseband processing software) needs to be added. 2) Then, from the perspective of antenna and satellite platform implementation, the hardware design and selection considered for serving the conventional terminals (such as the design and selection of multi-channel transceivers, chips and other key devices) cannot adapt to the carrier bandwidth of NB-IoT / eMTC; an additional set of corresponding NB-IoT / eMTC antennas need to be configured to realize narrowband Internet of Things signal transmission and reception, which will obviously increase the hardware cost of the antenna and the implementation complexity of the satellite platform. 3) In addition, using two sets of payloads will also increase the power consumption and weight of the satellite platform. There is another solution, that is, to launch a batch of satellites specifically for satellite Internet of Things business. No matter which solution is adopted, the cost is high.

[0126] To solve the above technical problems, in the embodiments of the present application, the mixed deployment of RedCap (reduced capability) terminals and Ambient IoT (ambient energy-powered Internet of Things) terminals is introduced into the architecture of satellite Internet of Things.

[0127] Among them, RedCap terminal is a 5G standard technology proposed by 3GPP in Rel-17 version standard, which is to reduce the terminal air interface capability, reduce the complexity, and reduce the cost of the terminal to meet the needs of specific application scenarios. For example, reducing the maximum supported bandwidth, reducing the number of supported receive radio frequency channels (thus reducing the maximum number of supported downlink MIMO concurrent streams), relaxing the maximum downlink modulation order, and allowing to support half-duplex FDD (Frequency Division Duplex).

[0128] Ambient IoT terminal can be powered based on energy harvesting from the surrounding environment. Ambient IoT terminal does not need to be equipped with a battery, or even if it is equipped with a battery, it does not need to replace or manually charge the battery.

[0129] Ambient IoT terminal includes two solutions in information transmission: the first is a passive solution, which adopts backscatter communication technology, and the communication distance of this solution is relatively short, about 10 meters. The other is an active solution, which can store the collected energy for a long time, so it can flexibly and actively choose the appropriate time to use energy for signal transmission, and obtain significantly longer communication distance, about 200-300 meters.

[0130] The cost of Ambient IoT terminal is very low, not only significantly lower than RedCap terminal, but also much lower than NB-IoT / eMTC terminal. Correspondingly, the data transmission rate of Ambient IoT terminal is low, and it is difficult to achieve direct connection with satellite because of the limitation of lower transmission power.

[0131] Referring to Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a satellite Internet of Things communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown in Figure 2 After introducing the mixed deployment of RedCap terminal and Ambient IoT terminal into the satellite Internet of Things, the satellite Internet of Things communication system includes Ambient IoT terminal 201, RedCap terminal 202, satellite-based base station 203, ground gateway station 204 and application server 205.

[0132] Among them, each RedCap terminal 202 can be connected with multiple Ambient IoT terminals 201 to form a node cluster 206 together, and the RedCap terminal 202 acts as the cluster head of the node cluster. And as shown in Figure 2 Each beam of the satellite corresponds to a ground wave position 207, and multiple node clusters can be deployed in the ground wave position 207.

[0133] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A flowchart of an information transmission method of an Internet of Things provided by an embodiment of the present application, the method is applied to a first terminal device, the first terminal device is a RedCap terminal, and the method includes:

[0134] S301: receiving sensing data sent by a second terminal device, the sensing data being data collected or generated by the device; the second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal.

[0135] S302: sending the sensing data to a satellite-based base station.

[0136] Specifically, the second terminal device can be a passive Ambient IoT terminal or an active Ambient IoT terminal. The second terminal device sends the collected sensing data to the first terminal device as the cluster head of the node cluster where the second terminal device is located. The first terminal device as a relay node sends the sensing data to the satellite-based base station.

[0137] In this embodiment, the sensing data is not specifically limited. As long as it is data collected by an Internet of Things device or data generated during the operation of the Internet of Things device in the Internet of Things field. For example, it can be environmental monitoring data collected by an Internet of Things device, operation state data of an Internet of Things device, etc.

[0138] In this embodiment, the Ambient IoT terminal sends the sensing data to the RedCap terminal, and the RedCap terminal as a relay node forwards the sensing data to the satellite-based base station. It can be seen that when the satellite serves the conventional terminal using the technology system adopted by the industry at present and in the future, that is, the technology system based on 3GPP 5G NTN, compared with the NB-IoT / eMTC terminal based on the 4G technology system considered by the international standard and the industry when providing satellite Internet of Things services, if the RedCap terminal and the Ambient IoT terminal mixed deployment scheme proposed in this application is adopted when providing satellite Internet of Things services, a satellite can serve both conventional terminals and Internet of Things terminals with the same set of communication payloads, without the need for each satellite to additionally increase a set of communication payloads adapted to the NB-IoT / eMTC system or for the operator to launch a batch of satellites for satellite Internet of Things services, that is, the cost of the satellite-based base station side can be reduced. In addition, when only the RedCap terminal is used as a relay node directly connected to the satellite, and a large number of Ambient IoT terminals with much lower cost than NB-IoT / eMTC terminals are deployed for information sensing, even from the perspective of terminal side cost, the deployment scheme proposed in this embodiment is also advantageous. Therefore, the scheme proposed in this application can significantly improve the cost performance of satellite Internet of Things.

[0139] Furthermore, in the candidate topics of Rel-19 NTN, in addition to the proposal to consider "RedCap support for NTN", it is also proposed to increase the maximum transmit power of NTN regular terminals operating in the FR1 frequency band (i.e. lower frequency band) from 23dBm (i.e. power class 3) to 26dBm (i.e. power class 2). In fact, compared with regular terminals, the "mandatory" capability reduction (i.e. equivalent to cost reduction) defined in the 3GPP standard for RedCap UEs is only "reduction of the supported maximum radio frequency bandwidth (Rel-17 RedCap UE) and reduction of the supported maximum service channel scheduling bandwidth (Rel-18 RedCap UE)". This means that in Rel-19, which will start standardization work in 2024, the maximum transmit power of RedCap UEs supporting NTN will most likely also be increased to 26dBm. If this proposal becomes a reality after the completion of the standardization work in Rel-19, in the future, the uplink coverage capability of RedCap UEs in direct communication with satellites will be much stronger than that of NB-IoT / eMTC UEs with a maximum transmit power of only 23dBm; further, RedCap UEs will also outperform NB-IoT / eMTC UEs in meeting the service latency requirement. The reason is that, taking NB-IoT UEs as an example, in order to enhance uplink coverage, the maximum repetition number of NB-IoT random access signals can reach 128 in extreme cases, resulting in a relatively long latency for NB-IoT UEs to complete random access, and the NB-IoT UE may have already passed the top of the satellite just after completing random access, which will not be able to meet the service latency requirement of certain Internet of Things services.

[0140] In an embodiment of the present application, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, and the perception data is carried in the first signal actively sent by the second terminal device.

[0141] If the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, the second terminal device supports active signal sending and can actively send a signal carrying perception data to the first terminal. For example, the second terminal device periodically sends a signal carrying perception data to the first terminal.

[0142] It can be seen that in the present embodiment, when the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, the second terminal device can actively send a signal carrying perception data, which has strong flexibility.

[0143] In an embodiment of the present application, the second terminal device is an active or passive Ambient IoT terminal, and the method further comprises: sending a first collection signal to the second terminal device; the first collection signal is used to trigger the second terminal device to modulate the perception data into a first reflection signal of the first collection signal, and send the first reflection signal to the first terminal device.

[0144] In the embodiment, when the second terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal, the second terminal device does not support actively sending a signal carrying perception data. In this case, the RedCap terminal actively sends a signal to enable the passive Ambient IoT terminal to modulate the perception data obtained by itself onto a reflection signal based on the backscattering technology.

[0145] As an example, the RedCap terminal periodically broadcasts a first collection signal. After the passive Ambient IoT terminal receives the first collection signal, it modulates the perception data into a first reflection signal of the first collection signal based on the backscattering technology, and sends the first reflection signal to the RedCap terminal.

[0146] Briefly, the backscattering technology is as follows: when a radio frequency signal reaches the surface of an object, part of it will be reflected. The sending node adjusts the matching between the receiving antenna and the impedance according to the information to be sent, enhances the reflection of the incident radio frequency signal, and modulates the perception data obtained by itself onto the reflection signal to complete the transmission of data.

[0147] It is easy to understand that for an active Ambient IoT terminal, the backscattering method can also be used to transmit perception data.

[0148] As can be seen, in the embodiment, the Ambient IoT terminal can transmit perception data through the backscattering technology. Whether it is a passive Ambient IoT terminal or an active Ambient IoT terminal, it supports the transmission of perception data using the backscattering technology. Therefore, passive or active Ambient IoT terminals can be deployed, which can reduce the deployment cost compared with the way of deploying all active Ambient IoT terminals.

[0149] For ease of understanding, the following will be described in combination with Figure 4 The above two implementation manners are further introduced, Figure 4 Another schematic diagram of the information transmission method of the Internet of Things provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0150] As Figure 4 shown, in an implementation manner, the second terminal device can be an active or passive Ambient IoT terminal, and the information transmission method comprises the following steps:

[0151] S401: The active or passive Ambient IoT terminal receives the perception data collection signal broadcast by the RedCap terminal as the cluster head.

[0152] The broadcast of the perception data collection signal can be a periodic broadcast, but is not limited to a periodic broadcast.

[0153] S402: The active or passive Ambient IoT terminal modulates the perception data obtained by itself into the reflection signal of the perception data collection signal based on the backscatter technology, and sends it to the RedCap terminal as the cluster head.

[0154] S404: The RedCap terminal sends the perception data to the spaceborne base station.

[0155] S405: The spaceborne base station sends the received data to the ground gateway station.

[0156] Optionally, the spaceborne base station can first preprocess the received data before sending it to the ground gateway station. The preprocessing of the data is not limited to deleting invalid data, integrating valid data, screening, etc.

[0157] S406: The ground gateway station sends the received data to the application server through the core network.

[0158] In another implementation, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, and the information transmission method comprises the following steps:

[0159] S403: The active Ambient IoT terminal actively sends the perception data obtained by itself to the RedCap terminal as the cluster head at a suitable time.

[0160] S404: The RedCap terminal sends the perception data to the spaceborne base station.

[0161] S405: The spaceborne base station sends the received data to the ground gateway station.

[0162] S406: The ground gateway station sends the received data to the application server through the core network.

[0163] In an embodiment of the present application, the perception data is obtained by the second terminal device from the second reflection signal sent by the third terminal device; wherein the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, and the third terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal.

[0164] Specifically, a hybrid deployment of active and passive Ambient IoT terminals is adopted. Each node cluster deploys both low-cost passive Ambient IoT terminals and relatively higher-cost active Ambient IoT terminals. Each active Ambient IoT terminal and a group of passive Ambient IoT terminals communicating with it constitute a sub-node cluster. The active Ambient IoT terminal acts as the cluster head of this sub-node cluster, denoted as the sub-cluster head. In the uplink, it receives sensing data sent by at least one passive Ambient IoT terminal within the sub-node cluster and forwards it to the RedCap terminal acting as the cluster head. In the downlink, it receives information from the RedCap terminal acting as the cluster head and forwards it to at least one passive Ambient IoT terminal within the sub-node cluster.

[0165] In this embodiment, since the third terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal, it does not support actively sending signals carrying sensing data. Therefore, it is necessary to transmit sensing data through backscattering technology.

[0166] Specifically, the second terminal device broadcasts the second collection signal. After receiving the second collection signal, the third terminal device modulates the sensing data it has acquired onto the reflected signal of the second collection signal based on backscattering technology. This reflected signal is recorded as the second reflected signal and sent to the second terminal device.

[0167] The second terminal device then selects an appropriate time to proactively forward the received sensing data from the third terminal device to the first terminal device.

[0168] As can be seen, in this embodiment, multiple sub-node clusters can be deployed within each node cluster. Each sub-node cluster includes an active Ambient IoT terminal that serves as the cluster head, and multiple passive Ambient IoT terminals that communicate with it. This expands the coverage area of ​​a single node cluster by introducing multi-hop communication, further reducing the number of RedCap terminals required to be deployed in each wavelength, thereby further reducing deployment costs.

[0169] To facilitate understanding, the following will be combined with... Figure 5 To provide further details, Figure 5 This is another schematic diagram of an information transmission method for the Internet of Things provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0170] like Figure 5 As shown, when each node cluster deploys both some very low-cost passive Ambient IoT terminals and some relatively high-cost active Ambient IoT terminals, the information transmission method includes the following steps:

[0171] S501: The passive Ambient IoT terminal receives the perception data collection signal broadcast by the active Ambient IoT terminal as a sub-cluster head.

[0172] The broadcast of the perception data collection signal can be a periodic broadcast, but is not limited to a periodic broadcast.

[0173] S502: The passive Ambient IoT terminal modulates the perception data obtained by itself into the reflection signal of the perception data collection signal based on the backscattering technology, and sends it to the active Ambient IoT terminal as a sub-cluster head.

[0174] S503: After receiving the perception data sent by the passive Ambient IoT terminal in the sub-node cluster, the active Ambient IoT terminal actively sends to the RedCap terminal as a cluster head at a suitable time.

[0175] S504: The RedCap terminal sends the perception data to the spaceborne base station.

[0176] S505: The spaceborne base station sends the received data to the ground gateway station.

[0177] Optionally, the spaceborne base station can first preprocess the received data and then send it to the ground gateway station; the preprocessing of the data is not limited to deleting invalid data, integrating and screening valid data, etc.

[0178] S506: The ground gateway station sends the received data to the application server through the core network.

[0179] In an embodiment of the present application, the communication link between the spaceborne base station and the first terminal device, and the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device can be reasonably differentiated.

[0180] For ease of description, the communication link between the spaceborne base station and the first terminal device is referred to as the first communication link; the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is referred to as the second communication link.

[0181] In this embodiment, the first modulation mode used by the first communication link is different from the second modulation mode used by the second communication link.

[0182] Further, the energy consumption requirement of the second modulation mode is less than that of the first modulation mode. And / or, the first signal waveform used by the first communication link is different from the second signal waveform used by the second communication link, and the energy consumption requirement of the second signal waveform is less than that of the first signal waveform.

[0183] Specifically, the modulation and waveform of the first communication link can follow the definition in 3GPP. As an example, the downlink can adopt CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveform, adopt QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation, or 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) / 64QAM / 256QAM modulation. The uplink adopts CP-OFDM waveform / DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveform, adopts π / 2-BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) / QPSK modulation, or 16QAM / 64QAM / 256QAM modulation.

[0184] The second communication link adopts a waveform and modulation suitable for low-energy operation. For example, a signal waveform with a constant envelope is adopted, and a simple on-off keying (i.e., Binary Amplitude Shift Keying, commonly abbreviated as 2ASK or OOK) modulation is adopted.

[0185] It can be seen that in this embodiment, considering that the second terminal device is an extremely low-cost Ambient IoT terminal, for the communication link between the second terminal device and the first terminal device, a waveform and modulation with lower energy consumption requirements are adopted to improve applicability.

[0186] For the first communication link and the second communication link, the channel estimation for implementing coherent demodulation can also consider different configuration modes.

[0187] In an embodiment of the present application, the receiver of the first communication link performs channel estimation required for coherent demodulation according to the orthogonal reference signal transmitted by the transmitter.

[0188] For the first communication link, the design of the reference signal for channel estimation can follow the definition in 3GPP. That is, the receiver of the first communication link performs channel estimation required for coherent demodulation according to the orthogonal reference signal transmitted by the transmitter.

[0189] In one embodiment of the present application, for the second communication link, the reference signal resource pool contains orthogonal reference signals and non-orthogonal reference signals; the receiver of the second communication link performs channel estimation according to the orthogonal or non-orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the transmission priority of the orthogonal reference signals is higher than that of the non-orthogonal reference signals.

[0190] Alternatively, the transmitter of the second communication link does not transmit reference signals, and the receiver of the second communication link completes channel estimation by using the geometric characteristics of the constellation of the received signals.

[0191] For the second communication link, non-orthogonal reference signals can be introduced, or pure data transmission without reference signals can be adopted. Specifically, when coherent demodulation is implemented at the receiver of the second communication link, the transmitter preferentially uses orthogonal reference signals to help the receiver perform channel estimation, and non-orthogonal reference signals are introduced in the reference signal resource pool used by the transmitter. After all the orthogonal reference signals are occupied, the transmitter transmits non-orthogonal reference signals.

[0192] In one implementation of the present embodiment, when non-orthogonal reference signals are introduced on the second communication link, only the uplink transmission direction of the second communication link (i.e., the transmission direction in which the Ambient IoT terminal acts as a transmitter and the RedCap terminal acts as a receiver) is involved. The reason is that, in order to counteract the degradation of the demodulation performance of the receiver caused by the non-orthogonality of the reference signals, the receiver needs to use an iterative interference cancellation technology with higher complexity, and the cost-effective Ambient IoT terminal obviously cannot support such a technology with relatively high complexity.

[0193] In another implementation of the present embodiment, the second communication link can also not use reference signals at all when performing data transmission, and in this case, the receiver uses the geometric characteristics of the constellation of the received signals to perform channel estimation. For the second communication link, a relatively simple low-order modulation mode (such as 2ASK described in the above example) is adopted, and the constellation geometric characteristics are directly used for channel estimation, and the accuracy is acceptable in actual systems.

[0194] It can be seen that in the embodiment, the channel estimation manners of the first communication link and the second communication link are designed differently. Considering that the number of the second terminal devices connected with the same first terminal device is large, a non-orthogonal reference signal is introduced for the second communication link to expand the reference signal resource pool. Considering that when the non-orthogonal reference signal is used, the receiver often needs to use a signal processing technology with high complexity, it is further suggested that the non-orthogonal reference signal is introduced only in the uplink transmission direction of the second communication link. In addition, considering that the modulation manner of the second communication link is relatively simple, the reference signal can also not be used, but the receiving end directly performs channel estimation by using the geometric characteristics of the constellation of the received signal. The above two manners can well adapt to the communication between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

[0195] In an embodiment of the present application, the first BWP of the first communication link is greater than the second BWP of the second communication link.

[0196] Specifically, for the first communication link and the second communication link, the configured BWP (Bandwidth Part, partial bandwidth) can also be different. Since the second terminal device belongs to an Ambient IoT terminal, the bandwidth supported by the second terminal device is small, and in the Internet of Things field, the amount of data transmitted is usually small, so a smaller BWP can be configured.

[0197] In an embodiment of the present application, when the terminal side uses the extended discontinuous reception eDRX technology to achieve power saving, the active period of at least one second terminal device connected with the same first terminal device is aligned in the time domain and is within the active period of the first terminal device.

[0198] Specifically, for the Internet of Things scenario, it is unnecessary for the first terminal device and the second terminal device to always remain in an open state, and the terminal side can use the eDRX (Extended Discontinuous Reception) technology to achieve power saving. The first terminal device and the plurality of second terminal devices connected therewith form a node cluster, the active periods of the plurality of second terminal devices connected with the same first terminal device are aligned in the time domain and are within the active period of the first terminal device.

[0199] In an embodiment of the present application, the first terminal device is configured with a dual-receiving channel, the first terminal device receives the downlink signal of the first communication link by using a single-receiving channel; the first terminal device receives the uplink signal of the second communication link by using a dual-receiving channel, and performs signal demodulation based on a receiving diversity technology.

[0200] The first terminal device is a RedCap terminal. Compared with a conventional 5G terminal with 2Rx (i.e., double receiving channels), the RedCap terminal can reduce the number of radio frequency receiving channels to 1Rx in hardware configuration to reduce the cost of each RedCap terminal, or can maintain the configuration of 2Rx in hardware. In the embodiment, the RedCap terminal and the Ambient IoT terminal are mixedly deployed. The number of RedCap terminals to be deployed in the network is small, so that the RedCap terminal maintains the configuration of double receiving channels in hardware, and does not have a significant negative impact on the overall cost performance.

[0201] In addition, under the premise that the first terminal device is configured with double receiving channels, for the downlink transmission of the first communication link (i.e., the signal transmission with the satellite base station as the transmitter and the first terminal device as the receiver), the first terminal device can receive the signal transmitted by the satellite base station only with a single receiving channel. The reason is that the first communication link is a satellite-ground wireless link, and the fading on the satellite-ground wireless link is a Rician fading with a LOS path (Line of Sight Path) as the main path. For the wireless propagation environment of Rician fading, the channel components in the multi-antenna channel vector or matrix have a high correlation, so that the spatial diversity gain that can be achieved through signal processing technology is quite small. Therefore, compared with a single receiving channel, the use of double receiving channels will not bring obvious gain in demodulation performance, but will consume more processing power. Therefore, it is unnecessary to use double receiving channels to perform signal demodulation processing based on receive diversity technology.

[0202] For the uplink transmission of the second communication link (i.e., the signal transmission with the second terminal device as the transmitter and the first terminal device as the receiver), since the second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal, its transmission power is small, and the demand for improving the signal quality at the receiving end through signal processing technology is more urgent. In addition, the fading in the ground wireless propagation environment is mainly Rayleigh fading, which is conducive to achieving spatial diversity gain through signal processing technology. Therefore, the first terminal device can receive the uplink signal of the second communication link using double receiving channels, and perform signal demodulation based on receive diversity technology to ensure good demodulation performance.

[0203] It can be seen that in this embodiment, when the first terminal device and the second terminal device are a RedCap terminal and an Ambient IoT terminal respectively, the RedCap terminal and the Ambient IoT terminal are mixedly deployed, the number of RedCap terminals that need to be deployed in the network is smaller, and even if the RedCap terminal is configured with a dual-receiving channel, it will not have a great impact on the overall cost performance. And for the downlink transmission of the first communication link (i.e. the signal transmission with the spaceborne base station as the transmitter and the RedCap terminal as the receiver) and the uplink transmission of the second communication link (i.e. the signal transmission with the Ambient IoT terminal as the transmitter and the RedCap terminal as the receiver), a single-receiving channel and a dual-receiving channel are used for processing respectively. This differentiated processing can better adapt to the characteristics of the first communication link and the second communication link, ensure good demodulation performance, and reduce processing power consumption as much as possible.

[0204] In an embodiment of the present application, each first terminal device can perform a certain degree of preprocessing before forwarding the received sensing data to the spaceborne base station, thereby significantly reducing the amount of data sent to the satellite. Specifically, a software module for data fusion processing is added in the first terminal device. Compared with the power consumption saved due to the significant reduction in the amount of data to be sent to the spaceborne base station, the power consumption generated by the software module performing data fusion processing is negligible.

[0205] The first terminal device receives the sensing data sent by the second terminal device, and sends the sensing data to the spaceborne base station. Specifically, the step of sending the sensing data to the spaceborne base station can include identifying the sensing data, and sending the processed data to the spaceborne base station when the identified data meets the pre-set reporting condition.

[0206] The reporting condition can be set according to the specific application scenario and the actual meaning of the sensing data.

[0207] According to the attribute of the sensing data (such as temperature or vibration frequency, etc.), the condition for reporting data (such as judging the size of the corresponding data attribute or judging the number of data accumulation, etc.) is pre-set. When the reporting condition is set to judge the size of the corresponding data attribute, as an example, the corresponding behavior logic of the first terminal device is defined as follows: if the corresponding attribute of the data received in a certain round is less than the pre-set threshold, no data is sent to the satellite; if the corresponding attribute of the data received in K (K > 1) consecutive rounds is less than the pre-set threshold, a small amount of indicative information is sent to the satellite, so that the network side device is aware; if more than a certain proportion of data in the data received in a certain round has a corresponding attribute greater than the pre-set threshold, the data is integrated and then sent to the satellite.

[0208] The above is only an example, and the following will be further described in conjunction with an exemplary scenario.

[0209] For the application scenario of earthquake monitoring, the perception data can be the vibration frequency and amplitude detected by the second terminal device, and if the reporting condition is set to judge the size of the vibration frequency and amplitude, the set threshold includes a first threshold of the vibration frequency and a second threshold of the amplitude, so that the first terminal device can process the received perception data based on the reporting condition, and only pay attention to the data whose vibration frequency and amplitude are greater than the respective set thresholds.

[0210] When the perception data meets the reporting condition, it is not necessary to send all the corresponding raw data to the satellite base station, but the perception data meeting the reporting condition can be integrated and processed, and only the integrated data is sent. The specific steps of the integration processing are not limited, for example, mean processing or selecting a preset number of data.

[0211] In the above example, if there are more than one data greater than the pre-set threshold in the received vibration frequency data and amplitude data in each round, the corresponding vibration frequency and amplitude data can be averaged, and the integrated data with significantly reduced quantity but containing sufficient information is sent to the satellite base station.

[0212] It can be seen that in the embodiment, by setting a software module for data fusion in the first terminal device, the perception data from the same node cluster is integrated and processed, which greatly reduces the amount of data to be transmitted to the satellite base station, and further saves power consumption.

[0213] The embodiments of the present application also provide an information transmission device of an Internet of Things, which is shown in Figure 6 The device is applied to a first terminal device, the first terminal device is a RedCap terminal, and the device comprises:

[0214] The receiving module 601 is configured to receive perception data sent by a second terminal device, the perception data being data collected or generated by the device; and the second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal.

[0215] The sending module 602 is configured to send the perception data to a satellite base station.

[0216] It can be seen that when the satellite serves the regular terminals on the ground using the technical system adopted by the industry at present and in the future, and the mainstream selection is to adopt the 3GPP 5G NTN-based technical system, compared with the NB-IoT / eMTC terminal based on the 4G technical system considered by the international standard and the industry when providing satellite Internet of Things services, if the RedCap terminal and the Ambient IoT terminal mixed deployment scheme proposed in the present application is adopted when providing satellite Internet of Things services, a satellite can simultaneously serve regular terminals and Internet of Things terminals with only one set of communication payloads, without the need for each satellite to additionally increase a set of communication payloads adapted to the NB-IoT / eMTC system or for the operator to launch a batch of satellites for satellite Internet of Things services, that is, the cost of the satellite base station side can be reduced. In addition, when only RedCap terminals are used as relay nodes of direct connection satellites, and a large number of Ambient IoT terminals with a cost much lower than NB-IoT / eMTC terminals are deployed for information sensing, even from the perspective of terminal side cost, the deployment scheme proposed in the present application is also advantageous. Therefore, the scheme proposed in the present application can significantly improve the performance-cost ratio of satellite Internet of Things and greatly reduce the overall cost of satellite Internet of Things.

[0217] In an embodiment of the present application, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, and the sensing data is carried in the first signal sent by the second terminal device.

[0218] In an embodiment of the present application, the second terminal device is an active or passive Ambient IoT terminal, and the apparatus further comprises:

[0219] The triggering module is configured to send a first collection signal to the second terminal device; the first collection signal is used to trigger the second terminal device to modulate the sensing data into a first reflection signal of the first collection signal and send the first reflection signal to the first terminal device.

[0220] In an embodiment of the present application, the sensing data is obtained by the second terminal device from a second reflection signal sent by a third terminal device; wherein the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, and the third terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal;

[0221] The second reflection signal is a signal carrying sensing data generated by the third terminal device based on the backscattering technology after receiving a second collection signal sent by the second terminal device.

[0222] In one embodiment of the present application, the first modulation mode adopted by the first communication link is different from the second modulation mode adopted by the second communication link; wherein the first communication link is a communication link between the spaceborne base station and the first terminal device; and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

[0223] In one embodiment of the present application, the energy consumption requirement of the second modulation mode is less than the energy consumption requirement of the first modulation mode.

[0224] and / or,

[0225] The first signal waveform adopted by the first communication link is different from the second signal waveform adopted by the second communication link.

[0226] The energy consumption requirement of the second signal waveform is less than the energy consumption requirement of the first signal waveform.

[0227] In one embodiment of the present application, the receiver of the first communication link performs channel estimation required for coherent demodulation according to the orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter.

[0228] In one embodiment of the present application, for the second communication link, the reference signal resource pool contains orthogonal reference signals and non-orthogonal reference signals; and the receiver of the second communication link performs channel estimation according to the orthogonal or non-orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the transmission priority of the orthogonal reference signals is higher than that of the non-orthogonal reference signals.

[0229] Or, the transmitter of the second communication link does not transmit reference signals, and the receiver of the second communication link completes channel estimation by using the geometric characteristics of the constellation of the received signals.

[0230] In one embodiment of the present application, the first part of bandwidth BWP of the first communication link is greater than the second BWP of the second communication link.

[0231] In one embodiment of the present application, when the terminal side adopts the extended discontinuous reception eDRX technology to achieve power saving, the active time periods of at least one second terminal device connected with the same first terminal device are aligned in the time domain and are within the active time period of the first terminal device.

[0232] In one embodiment of the present application, the first terminal device is configured with a double-receiving channel, and the first terminal device adopts a single-receiving channel to receive the downlink signal of the first communication link.

[0233] The first terminal device adopts a double-receiving channel to receive the uplink signal of the second communication link, and performs signal demodulation based on the reception diversity technology.

[0234] In an embodiment of the present application, the receiving module is specifically configured to identify the perception data, and send the processed data to the satellite-based base station when the identified data meets a pre-set reporting condition.

[0235] The embodiment of the present application further provides an information transmission device of an Internet of Things, which is applied to a second terminal device, the second terminal device being an Ambient IoT terminal, and the device comprises: Figure 7

[0236] The sending module 701 is configured to send the perception data to the first terminal device, so that the first terminal device sends the perception data to the satellite-based base station; the perception data is data collected or generated by the device; and the first terminal device is a RedCap terminal.

[0237] In an embodiment of the present application, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal.

[0238] The sending module is specifically configured to send the first signal carrying the perception data to the first terminal device.

[0239] In an embodiment of the present application, the sending module 701 is specifically configured to:

[0240] When the first collection signal sent by the first terminal device is received, the perception data is modulated into the first reflection signal of the first collection signal, and the first reflection signal is sent to the first terminal device.

[0241] In an embodiment of the present application, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal,

[0242] The device further comprises an obtaining module configured to send a second collection signal to a third terminal device, so that the third terminal device generates a second reflection signal carrying the perception data based on the backscattering technology after receiving the second collection signal, and sends the second reflection signal to the second terminal; the third terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal; and the perception data is obtained from the second reflection signal.

[0243] In an embodiment of the present application, a first modulation mode adopted by the first communication link is different from a second modulation mode adopted by the second communication link; the first communication link is a communication link between the satellite-based base station and the first terminal device; and the second communication link is a communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

[0244] In an embodiment of the present application, the energy consumption requirement of the second modulation mode is less than the energy consumption requirement of the first modulation mode.

[0245] And / or,

[0246] ​The first signal waveform used by the first communication link is different from a second signal waveform used by the second communication link.

[0247] The energy consumption requirement of the second signal waveform is less than that of the first signal waveform.

[0248] In an embodiment of the present application, the receiver of the first communication link performs channel estimation required for coherent demodulation according to the orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter.

[0249] In an embodiment of the present application, for the second communication link, the reference signal resource pool includes orthogonal reference signals and non-orthogonal reference signals; the receiver of the second communication link performs channel estimation according to the orthogonal or non-orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the transmission priority of the orthogonal reference signals is higher than that of the non-orthogonal reference signals.

[0250] Alternatively, the transmitter of the second communication link does not transmit reference signals, and the receiver of the second communication link completes channel estimation by using the geometric characteristics of the constellation of the received signals.

[0251] In an embodiment of the present application, the first bandwidth BWP of the first communication link is greater than the second BWP of the second communication link.

[0252] In an embodiment of the present application, when the terminal side uses the extended discontinuous reception eDRX technology to achieve power saving, the active period configured for at least one second terminal device connected with the same first terminal device is aligned in the time domain and is within the active period of the first terminal device.

[0253] In an embodiment of the present application, the first terminal device is configured with a dual-receiving channel, and the first terminal device uses a single-receiving channel to receive the downlink signal of the first communication link.

[0254] The first terminal device uses a dual-receiving channel to receive the uplink signal of the second communication link, and performs signal demodulation based on a receiving diversity technology.

[0255] The embodiments of the present application also provide an information transmission system of an Internet of Things, referring to Figure 2 , comprising a first terminal device 202, a second terminal device 201 and a satellite-based base station 203, wherein the first terminal device 202 is a RedCap terminal, and the second terminal device 201 is an Ambient IoT terminal.

[0256] The second terminal device is configured to acquire sensing data and send the sensing data to the first terminal device; the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device.

[0257] The first terminal device is configured to receive the sensing data sent by the second terminal device and send the sensing data to the satellite-based base station.

[0258] In one embodiment of this application, the system further includes: a ground gateway station 204 and an application server 205.

[0259] The satellite-borne base station 203 is used to preprocess the sensed data and send the preprocessed data to the ground gateway station.

[0260] Ground gateway station 204 is used to send received data to the application server through the core network.

[0261] It is evident that when satellite services for conventional ground terminals adopt the 3GPP 5G NTN technology system, which is the current and future mainstream choice in the industry, compared to the international standard and industry consideration of using NB-IoT / eMTC terminals based on 4G technology when providing satellite IoT services, the proposed hybrid deployment scheme of RedCap terminals and Ambient IoT terminals allows a single satellite to serve both conventional and IoT terminals simultaneously, without requiring each satellite to have an additional communication payload adapted to the NB-IoT / eMTC system or for operators to launch a batch of satellites specifically for satellite IoT services. This reduces the cost of the onboard base station. Furthermore, when only RedCap terminals are used as relay nodes directly connected to the satellite, and a large number of Ambient IoT terminals, which are significantly cheaper than NB-IoT / eMTC terminals, are deployed for information sensing, the deployment scheme proposed in this application is advantageous even from the perspective of terminal-side cost alone. Therefore, the proposed solution can significantly improve the cost-effectiveness of satellite IoT and greatly reduce the overall cost of satellite IoT.

[0262] This invention also provides a first terminal device, which is a lightweight RedCap terminal, such as... Figure 8 As shown, it includes a processor 801, a communication interface 802, a memory 803, and a communication bus 804. The processor 801, communication interface 802, and memory 803 communicate with each other via the communication bus 804.

[0263] Memory 803 is used to store computer programs;

[0264] When processor 801 executes a program stored in memory 803, it performs the following steps:

[0265] Receive sensing data sent by the second terminal device, which is data collected or generated by the device; the second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal.

[0266] Transmit the sensing data to the spaceborne base station.

[0267] The embodiment of the present application also provides a second terminal device, the second terminal device being an Ambient IoT terminal, as shown in the figure, comprising a processor 901, a communication interface 902, a memory 903 and a communication bus 904, wherein the processor 901, the communication interface 902 and the memory 903 complete mutual communication through the communication bus 904, Figure 9

[0268] The memory 903 is used for storing a computer program.

[0269] The processor 901 is used for executing the program stored in the memory 903, and the following steps are realized:

[0270] Transmit the sensing data to the first terminal device, so that the first terminal device transmits the sensing data to the spaceborne base station; the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device; and the first terminal device is a RedCap terminal.

[0271] The communication bus mentioned in the above terminal device can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The communication bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For the convenience of representation, only one thick line is used in the figure, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0272] The communication interface is used for communication between the terminal device and other devices.

[0273] The memory can include a Random Access Memory (RAM) and can also include a Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), for example, at least one disk memory. Optionally, the memory can also be at least one storage device located away from the aforementioned processor.

[0274] ​The processor described above can be a general processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; can also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component.

[0275] In yet another embodiment provided by the present application, a computer readable storage medium is provided, and the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of any of the above-mentioned Internet of Things information transmission methods.

[0276] In yet another embodiment provided by the present application, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above-mentioned Internet of Things information transmission methods.

[0277] In the above-mentioned embodiments, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode. The computer readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. integrated with one or more available media. The available media can be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (SSD)) and the like.

[0278] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0279] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0280] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting information in the Internet of Things (IoT), characterized in that, A first terminal device is used in a satellite IoT architecture that integrates lightweight RedCap terminals and Ambient IoT terminals. The first terminal device is a lightweight RedCap terminal. In this satellite IoT architecture, the satellite simultaneously serves both ground terminals and IoT terminals. The method includes: The device receives sensing data sent by a second terminal device, wherein the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device; the second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal. Send the sensing data to the satellite-borne base station; The first terminal device is configured with dual receiving channels. The first terminal device uses a single receiving channel to receive downlink signals from the first communication link. The first terminal device uses dual receiving channels to receive uplink signals from the second communication link and performs signal demodulation based on receive diversity technology. The first communication link is the communication link between the satellite base station and the first terminal device. The second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal; The sensed data is carried in a first signal sent by the second terminal device.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second terminal device is an active or passive Ambient IoT terminal, and the method further includes: A first collection signal is sent to the second terminal device; the first collection signal is used to trigger the second terminal device to modulate the sensing data into a first reflection signal of the first collection signal, and send the first reflection signal to the first terminal device.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensed data is obtained by the second terminal device from the second reflected signal sent by the third terminal device; wherein, the second terminal device is an active Ambient IoT terminal, and the third terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal. The second reflected signal is a signal carrying sensing data generated by the third terminal device based on backscattering technology after the third terminal device receives the second collection signal sent by the second terminal device.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first modulation scheme used in the first communication link is different from the second modulation scheme used in the second communication link.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The energy consumption requirement of the second modulation method is less than that of the first modulation method; And / or, The first signal waveform used in the first communication link is different from the second signal waveform used in the second communication link; The energy consumption requirement of the second signal waveform is less than that of the first signal waveform.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The receiver of the first communication link performs channel estimation for coherent demodulation based on the orthogonal reference signal transmitted by the transmitter.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, For the second communication link, the reference signal resource pool contains orthogonal reference signals and non-orthogonal reference signals; the receiver of the second communication link performs channel estimation based on the orthogonal or non-orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the transmission priority of orthogonal reference signals is higher than that of non-orthogonal reference signals; Alternatively, the transmitter of the second communication link does not transmit a reference signal, and the receiver of the second communication link uses the geometric characteristics of the constellation of the received signal to complete channel estimation.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first portion of the bandwidth (BWP) of the first communication link is greater than the second portion of the bandwidth (BWP) of the second communication link.

10. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the terminal side uses extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) technology to save power, the active time periods configured for at least one second terminal device connected to the same first terminal device are aligned in the time domain and are within the active time period of the first terminal device.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of receiving sensing data sent by the second terminal device and sending the sensing data to the satellite-based base station includes: The sensed data is identified, and when the identified data meets the pre-set reporting conditions, the processed data is sent to the satellite base station.

12. A method for transmitting information in the Internet of Things, characterized in that, A second terminal device is used in a satellite IoT architecture that integrates lightweight RedCap terminals and Ambient IoT terminals. The second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal, and the satellite in the satellite IoT architecture simultaneously serves both ground terminals and IoT terminals. The method includes: Sensing data is sent to a first terminal device, so that the first terminal device sends the sensing data to the satellite base station; the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device; the first terminal device is a lightweight RedCap terminal. The first terminal device is configured with dual receiving channels. The first terminal device uses a single receiving channel to receive downlink signals from the first communication link. The first terminal device uses dual receiving channels to receive uplink signals from the second communication link and performs signal demodulation based on receive diversity technology. The first communication link is the communication link between the satellite base station and the first terminal device. The second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second terminal device is an active AmbientIoT terminal; The step of sending sensing data to the first terminal device includes: sending a first signal carrying the sensing data to the first terminal device.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second terminal device is an active or passive Ambient IoT terminal, and the step of sending sensing data to the first terminal device includes: When a first collection signal is received from the first terminal device, the sensing data is modulated into a first reflected signal of the first collection signal, and the first reflected signal is sent to the first terminal device.

15. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The second terminal device is an active AmbientIoT terminal. The sensed data is acquired in the following manner: A second collection signal is sent to a third terminal device, so that after receiving the second collection signal, the third terminal device generates a second reflection signal carrying sensing data based on backscattering technology, and sends the second reflection signal to the second terminal; the third terminal device is a passive Ambient IoT terminal; The sensing data is obtained from the second reflected signal.

16. The method according to any one of claims 12-15, characterized in that, The first modulation scheme used in the first communication link is different from the second modulation scheme used in the second communication link.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The energy consumption requirement of the second modulation method is less than that of the first modulation method; And / or, The first signal waveform used in the first communication link is different from the second signal waveform used in the second communication link; The energy consumption requirement of the second signal waveform is less than that of the first signal waveform.

18. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The receiver of the first communication link performs channel estimation for coherent demodulation based on the orthogonal reference signal transmitted by the transmitter.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, For the second communication link, the reference signal resource pool contains orthogonal reference signals and non-orthogonal reference signals; the receiver of the second communication link performs channel estimation based on the orthogonal or non-orthogonal reference signals transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the transmission priority of orthogonal reference signals is higher than that of non-orthogonal reference signals; Alternatively, the transmitter of the second communication link does not transmit a reference signal, and the receiver of the second communication link uses the geometric characteristics of the constellation of the received signal to complete channel estimation.

20. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first portion of the bandwidth (BWP) of the first communication link is greater than the second portion of the bandwidth (BWP) of the second communication link.

21. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, When the terminal side uses extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) technology to save power, the active time periods configured for at least one second terminal device connected to the same first terminal device are aligned in the time domain and are within the active time period of the first terminal device.

22. An Internet of Things (IoT) information transmission device, characterized in that, A first terminal device is used in a satellite IoT architecture that integrates lightweight RedCap terminals and Ambient IoT terminals. The first terminal device is a lightweight RedCap terminal. In this satellite IoT architecture, the satellite simultaneously serves both ground terminals and IoT terminals. The device includes: The receiving module is used to receive sensing data sent by the second terminal device, wherein the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device; the second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal. The transmitting module is used to transmit the sensing data to the spaceborne base station; The first terminal device is configured with dual receiving channels. The first terminal device uses a single receiving channel to receive downlink signals from the first communication link. The first terminal device uses dual receiving channels to receive uplink signals from the second communication link and performs signal demodulation based on receive diversity technology. The first communication link is the communication link between the satellite base station and the first terminal device. The second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

23. An Internet of Things (IoT) information transmission device, characterized in that, A second terminal device is used in a satellite IoT architecture that integrates lightweight RedCap terminals and Ambient IoT terminals. The second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal, and the satellite in the satellite IoT architecture simultaneously serves both ground terminals and IoT terminals. The device includes: A sending module is used to send sensing data to a first terminal device, so that the first terminal device can send the sensing data to the satellite base station; the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device; the first terminal device is a lightweight RedCap terminal. The first terminal device is configured with dual receiving channels. The first terminal device uses a single receiving channel to receive downlink signals from the first communication link. The first terminal device uses dual receiving channels to receive uplink signals from the second communication link and performs signal demodulation based on receive diversity technology. The first communication link is the communication link between the satellite base station and the first terminal device. The second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

24. An information transmission system for the Internet of Things, characterized in that, A satellite IoT architecture is applied to the hybrid deployment of lightweight RedCap terminals and Ambient IoT terminals. The satellite in the satellite IoT architecture serves both ground terminals and IoT terminals, including: a first terminal device, a second terminal device, and a satellite-borne base station; the first terminal device is a lightweight RedCap terminal; the second terminal device is an Ambient IoT terminal. The second terminal device is used to acquire sensing data and send the sensing data to the first terminal device; the sensing data is data collected or generated by the device. The first terminal device is used to receive sensing data sent by the second terminal device and send the sensing data to the satellite base station; The first terminal device is configured with dual receiving channels. The first terminal device uses a single receiving channel to receive downlink signals from the first communication link. The first terminal device uses dual receiving channels to receive uplink signals from the second communication link and performs signal demodulation based on receive diversity technology. The first communication link is the communication link between the satellite base station and the first terminal device. The second communication link is the communication link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

25. The system according to claim 24, characterized in that, The system also includes: a ground gateway station and an application server; The satellite-borne base station is used to preprocess the sensing data and send the preprocessed data to the ground gateway station; The ground gateway station is used to send the received data to the application server through the core network.

26. A first terminal device, characterized in that, The first terminal device is a lightweight RedCap terminal, which includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus. The processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus. Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, when executing a program stored in memory, implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-11.

27. A second terminal device, characterized in that, The second terminal device is an AmbientIoT terminal for environmental power supply, including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus. The processor, communication interface, and memory communicate with each other through the communication bus. Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, when executing a program stored in memory, implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 12-21.

28. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1-21.

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