Data transmission method and device and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a data transmission method and device and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of satellite communication. The method comprises the following steps: sending second data to be transmitted in a first uplink channel based on first data received from a first downlink channel; wherein both the first data and the second data adopt a first spread spectrum, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access mode, and the first uplink channel adopts a time slot ALOHA mode, so that data transmission between the terminal and the network equipment is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and in particular to a data transmission method, device and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] For terminals (such as smartphones and IoT terminals), as long as they are within the coverage area of ​​ground network equipment (such as base stations), they can support ordinary terrestrial communication functions. However, in some special scenarios (such as deserts, oceans, and deep mountains), it is particularly important for terminals to support satellite communication functions. For example, in the event of an emergency, satellite communication functions can be used to send data for help.

[0003] Currently, in non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenarios, when a terminal communicates with non-terrestrial network equipment (e.g., satellite), it is mainly based on the 3GPP protocol and the 5G NR NTN protocol. However, in scenarios where the terminal is directly connected to the satellite, due to the limitations of the terminal's transmit power and antenna gain, when the terminal transmits data to the satellite based on the 3GPP protocol and the 5G NR NTN protocol, data transmission fails. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a data transmission method, device and storage medium for implementing data transmission between a terminal and a network device.

[0005] In a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided, applied to a terminal, comprising:

[0006] Sending second data to be transmitted on the first uplink channel based on the first data received from the first downlink channel;

[0007] The first data and the second data both adopt a first spread spectrum mode, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access mode, and the first uplink channel adopts a slotted ALOHA mode.

[0008] In the embodiment of the present application, since a first downlink channel and a first uplink channel are designed for scenarios suitable for non-terrestrial networks, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access method, and the second uplink channel adopts a time slot ALOHA method. The design methods of the above two channels are simple, and based on the first data received from the first downlink channel, a suitable second uplink channel is selected through time slot adaptive transmission to transmit the second data. Therefore, it can support the application scenario of data transmission after the terminal is directly connected to the network device, thereby realizing data transmission between the terminal and the network device.

[0009] Optionally, the first spread spectrum mode is Chirp spread spectrum.

[0010] Optionally, the first uplink channel is a first uplink access channel, and the first uplink access channel is used to transmit the second data in an empty time slot.

[0011] Optionally, the sending, on the first uplink channel, second data to be transmitted based on the first data received from the first downlink channel includes:

[0012] In response to a data sending event triggered by the terminal, receiving the first data from the first downlink channel;

[0013] Performing spread spectrum processing on the data to be transmitted based on the spreading factor in the first data to obtain the second data;

[0014] The second data is sent on the first uplink channel according to a first sending mechanism.

[0015] Optionally, sending the second data on the first uplink channel according to the first sending mechanism includes:

[0016] The number of repeated transmissions of the second data is determined based on the channel quality of the first downlink channel, and the second data is transmitted on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions.

[0017] Optionally, determining a number of repeated transmissions of the second data based on the channel quality of the first downlink channel, and sending the second data on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions includes:

[0018] If the channel quality is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the second data is sent only once on the first uplink channel.

[0019] Optionally, determining a number of repeated transmissions of the second data based on the channel quality of the first downlink channel, and sending the second data on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions includes:

[0020] If the channel quality is between a first threshold and a second threshold, determining a first number of repeated transmissions and a first repeated transmission time interval; wherein the second threshold is less than the first threshold;

[0021] Repeatedly sending the second data on the first uplink channel according to the first repetition time interval within the total data sending duration of the terminal until the number of times the terminal sends the second data reaches the first repetition number.

[0022] Optionally, the first repeated sending times is a first preset sending times, and the first repeated sending time interval is determined based on the first set times, the total data sending duration, and the sending duration of one second data sending.

[0023] Optionally, determining a number of repeated transmissions of the second data based on the channel quality, and sending the second data on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions includes:

[0024] If the channel quality is less than or equal to a second threshold, determining a second number of repeated transmissions and a second repeated transmission time interval;

[0025] The second data is repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel according to the second repetition time interval within the total data sending duration of the terminal until the number of times the second data is sent reaches the second number of repetition times.

[0026] Optionally, the second repeated sending number is the square of the first preset sending number, and the second repeated sending time interval is determined based on the first preset sending number, the total data sending duration, and the sending duration of one second data sending.

[0027] Optionally, before sending the second data on the first uplink channel according to the first sending mechanism, the method further includes:

[0028] Calculating a time deviation and a frequency deviation of the first downlink channel;

[0029] Determining a time offset and a frequency offset of the first uplink channel according to the current location information of the terminal, the satellite ephemeris in the first data, and the time offset and the frequency offset;

[0030] The sending time and carrier frequency of the second data on the first uplink channel are calculated according to the time offset and the frequency offset, and the sending time and carrier frequency in the first data.

[0031] Optionally, the sending, on the first uplink channel, second data to be transmitted based on the first data received from the first downlink channel includes:

[0032] In response to the terminal being awakened, recording a current awakening time, and receiving the first data from the first downlink channel;

[0033] performing spread spectrum processing on the data to be transmitted based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data;

[0034] The second data is sent on the first uplink channel according to a second sending mechanism.

[0035] Optionally, sending the second data on the first uplink channel according to the second sending mechanism includes:

[0036] Whether to repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel is determined based at least on the time interval between the current time and the wake-up time, the preset working time after the terminal wakes up, and / or the second preset number of transmissions.

[0037] Optionally, the determining whether to repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel based at least on a time interval between the current time and the wake-up time, a preset working time after the terminal wakes up, and / or a second preset number of transmissions includes:

[0038] If the time interval is less than the preset working duration, the second data is repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel.

[0039] Optionally, the determining whether to repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel based at least on a time interval between the current time and the wake-up time, a preset working time after the terminal wakes up, and / or a second preset number of transmissions includes:

[0040] If the time interval is less than the preset working time, and the number of times the second data is sent does not reach the second preset number of times, the second data is repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel.

[0041] Optionally, the determining whether to repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel based at least on a time interval between the current time and the wake-up time, a preset working time after the terminal wakes up, and / or a second preset number of transmissions includes:

[0042] If the number of times the second data is sent does not reach the second preset number of times, the second data is repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel.

[0043] Optionally, the receiving the first data from the first downlink channel includes:

[0044] In response to the terminal initiating a broadcast signal search function, determining whether prior information exists; wherein the prior information includes satellite ephemeris of a network device stored locally by the terminal;

[0045] If not, in response to the terminal starting a blind search broadcast signal mode, searching all broadcast signal frequencies of the network device respectively, selecting a first broadcast signal frequency that meets the signal strength requirement from all broadcast signal frequencies, and receiving the first data from a first downlink channel corresponding to the first broadcast signal frequency; and / or

[0046] If so, the second broadcast signal frequency of the network device at the current time is calculated according to the satellite ephemeris, and the first data is received from the first downlink channel corresponding to the second broadcast signal frequency.

[0047] Optionally, performing spread spectrum processing on the data to be transmitted based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data includes:

[0048] Verifying the data to be sent by CRC to obtain verified first payload data;

[0049] Encoding the first payload data by LDPC to obtain encoded second payload data;

[0050] performing a rate matching operation on the second payload data to obtain third payload data, and scrambling the third payload data to obtain scrambled fourth payload data;

[0051] Splitting the fourth payload data according to the spreading factor to obtain a plurality of split fourth payload sub-data, and performing decimal conversion on the plurality of fourth payload sub-data to obtain a plurality of converted fifth payload sub-data;

[0052] performing spread spectrum modulation on the plurality of fifth payload sub-data according to the set modulation bandwidth to obtain a plurality of target payload sub-data after spread spectrum modulation;

[0053] The plurality of target payload sub-data are framed according to the channel frame structure of the first uplink channel to obtain the second data.

[0054] Optionally, the channel frame structures of the first downlink channel and the first uplink channel both include a preamble, a unique word, a payload, and a check bit.

[0055] In a second aspect, a data transmission method is provided, which is applied to a network device, comprising:

[0056] Sending first data to the terminal based on the first downlink channel;

[0057] receiving second data sent by the terminal via the first uplink channel;

[0058] The first data and the second data both adopt a first spread spectrum mode, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access mode, and the first uplink channel adopts a slotted ALOHA mode.

[0059] Optionally, the first spread spectrum mode is a Chirp spread spectrum mode.

[0060] Optionally, the first downlink channel is a first downlink broadcast channel, and the first downlink broadcast channel is used to periodically transmit the first data.

[0061] Optionally, the first uplink channel is a first uplink access channel, and the first uplink access channel is used to transmit the second data in an empty time slot.

[0062] Optionally, the channel frame structures of the first downlink channel and the first uplink channel both include a preamble, a unique word, a payload, and a check bit.

[0063] According to a third aspect, a terminal is provided, including:

[0064] a sending module, configured to send second data to be transmitted on the first uplink channel based on the first data received from the first downlink channel;

[0065] The first data and the second data both adopt a first spread spectrum mode, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access mode, and the first uplink channel adopts a slotted ALOHA mode.

[0066] In a fourth aspect, a network device is provided, including:

[0067] Sending first data to the terminal based on the first downlink channel;

[0068] receiving second data sent by the terminal via the first uplink channel;

[0069] The first data and the second data both adopt a first spread spectrum mode, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access mode, and the first uplink channel adopts a slotted ALOHA mode.

[0070] According to a fifth aspect, an electronic device is provided, including:

[0071] A memory for storing a computer program; a processor for implementing the method steps described in any one of the first aspects, or implementing the method steps described in any one of the second aspects when executing the computer program stored in the memory.

[0072] In a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method steps described in any one of the first aspect or the method steps described in any one of the second aspect are implemented.

[0073] For each of the above-mentioned aspects from the third to the sixth aspect and the technical effects that may be achieved by each aspect, please refer to the above-mentioned description of the technical effects that can be achieved for the first aspect or the various possible solutions in the first aspect, or for the second aspect or the various possible solutions in the second aspect, and no further details will be given here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] Figure 1 The following is a schematic diagram showing an application scenario to which the embodiments of the present application are applicable;

[0075] Figure 2 The following is a schematic diagram showing a channel frame structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 3 The following is a flowchart illustrating a method for transmitting data on a terminal side provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0077] Figure 4 The following is a flowchart illustrating a complete data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0078] Figure 5 The following is a flowchart illustrating another complete data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0079] Figure 6 The following is an exemplary flowchart of a data spreading process provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0080] Figure 7 The following is a flowchart illustrating a data transmission method on a network device side provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0081] Figure 8 The following is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0082] Figure 9 The following is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a network device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0083] Figure 10 A schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application is exemplarily shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific operating methods in the method embodiments can also be applied to device embodiments or system embodiments. It should be noted that in the description of the present application, "multiple" is understood as "at least two". "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. A is connected to B, which can represent the following two situations: A is directly connected to B and A is connected to B through C. In addition, in the description of the present application, words such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying order.

[0085] In order to better understand the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are first explained below.

[0086] (1) Spreading Factor (SF) is the serial number of the spreading code, indicating how many chips are used to represent one information symbol (bit).

[0087] (2) Chirp spread spectrum technology. In the Internet of Things and wireless communications, its core idea is to encode and decode data signals through frequency changes, thereby improving communication reliability and coverage.

[0088] (3) Time division multiple access (TDMA) allows multiple users to use the same frequency in different time slices (time slots). Specifically, the time is divided into non-overlapping time periods (frames), and the frames are divided into non-overlapping time slots (channels) with a one-to-one correspondence with the users. Signals from different addresses are distinguished based on the time slots, thereby completing multiple access connections.

[0089] (4) Slotted ALOHA divides time into several equal time slices. Users can access the channel synchronously at the beginning of a time slice. If a conflict occurs, they must wait until the beginning of the next time slice to send data. This can encode the randomness of user data transmission, reduce data conflicts, and improve channel utilization.

[0090] (5) Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is a hash function that generates a short, fixed-bit checksum based on data such as a packet or file (in this embodiment, short messages or broadcast information). It is primarily used to detect or verify errors that may occur after data transmission or storage. The generated number is calculated and appended to the data before transmission or storage, allowing the receiver to verify whether the data has changed.

[0091] (6) Low-density parity-check code (LDPC) is a type of linear block code used to correct errors that occur during transmission.

[0092] (7) Satellite ephemeris refers to the precise position or trajectory of a celestial body (e.g., a low-orbit satellite) as a function of time in Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements.

[0093] (8) A terminal is a device that can provide voice and / or data connectivity to users, including handheld terminal devices and vehicle-mounted terminal devices with wireless connection capabilities. For example, terminals include but are not limited to mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, PDAs, mobile Internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminal devices in industrial control, wireless terminal devices in unmanned driving, wireless terminal devices in smart grids, wireless terminal devices in transportation safety, wireless terminal devices in smart cities, or wireless terminal devices in smart homes.

[0094] (9) Network equipment is a device that provides wireless communication functions for terminals, including but not limited to: gNB, satellite, radio network controller (RNC), node B (NB), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), home base station (e.g., home evolved node B, or home node B, HNB), baseband unit (BBU), transmission point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), mobile switching center, etc. In the embodiments of this application, "satellite" is used as an example.

[0095] The following briefly introduces the application scenarios to which the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied. It should be noted that the application scenarios described below are only used to illustrate the embodiments of the present application and are not limiting. In specific implementation, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can be flexibly applied according to actual needs.

[0096] Figure 1 The following is a schematic diagram showing an application scenario to which the embodiment of the present application is applicable. Figure 1 As shown, the scenario includes a satellite 100 and a terminal 101, wherein the satellite 100 and the terminal 101 communicate with each other through a first downlink channel and a first uplink channel. It should be noted that the number of satellites 100 and terminals 101 can be greater. Figure 1 The description is based on only one network device and terminal.

[0097] Optionally, the first downlink channel is designed using a time division multiple access scheme, and specifically can be a unidirectional first downlink broadcast channel, dedicated to periodically transmitting first data from satellite 100 to terminal 101. Furthermore, a corresponding first downlink broadcast channel can be designed for each of the multiple beams of satellite 100, and each first downlink broadcast channel corresponds to a different SF.

[0098] Optionally, the first downlink channel may also be used to transmit information such as a spreading factor corresponding to the first downlink channel, a carrier frequency corresponding to the first downlink channel, a sending time of the first data, and satellite ephemeris.

[0099] Optionally, the first uplink channel is designed in a slotted ALOHA manner, and specifically may be a unidirectional first uplink access channel, dedicated for the terminal 101 to transmit the second data to the satellite 100 on the first uplink access channel in an empty time slot.

[0100] Optionally, both the first data and the second data adopt a first spreading mode. Further, the first spreading mode may be Chirp spreading mode.

[0101] Optionally, the channel frame structure of the first downlink channel and the first uplink channel both includes a preamble, a unique word (UW), a payload, and a check bit (eg, CRC), such as Figure 2 As shown, a structural diagram of a channel frame structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is exemplified.

[0102] Optionally, the preamble code may be used to achieve time synchronization, frequency synchronization, etc. between the first downlink channel and the first uplink channel; further, the preamble code may be composed of 6 chirp symbols (also called up-chirp) whose frequency increases linearly with time.

[0103] Optionally, the unique word can be used to achieve fine synchronization and assist terminal 101 in identifying the starting position of data in the payload portion; further, the unique word can be composed of two chirp symbols (also called down-chirp) whose frequency decreases linearly with time.

[0104] Optionally, when the satellite 100 transmits the first data to the terminal 101 in the first downlink channel, the payload part mainly carries the broadcast information (also called broadcast information content) sent by the satellite 100 to the terminal 101; when the satellite 100 transmits the second data to the terminal 101 in the first uplink channel, the payload part mainly carries the business information content (for example, short message) sent by the terminal 101 to the satellite 102.

[0105] The check bit may include 8 bits, which can be used to check the data in the payload part (broadcast information or service information content). Furthermore, the expression of the check bit can be x^8+x^4+x^3+x^2+1 (where x represents a register).

[0106] Based on the above Figure 2 , when satellite 100 transmits first data to terminal 101 via the first downlink channel, satellite 100 processes the broadcast information to be transmitted according to chirp spreading and obtains the first data. Satellite 100 then selects a certain number of time slots to carry the first data to be transmitted based on the used carrier bandwidth, spreading factor, etc. Then, the data is framed according to the channel frame structure and periodically transmitted to terminal 101 via the first downlink channel corresponding to the spreading factor. Optionally, if some time slots are empty after the first data is framed according to the channel frame structure, zero padding may be used to fill a time slot, thereby achieving time slot alignment.

[0107] Based on the above Figure 2 1. In the channel frame structure shown, when terminal 101 transmits second data to satellite 100 via the first uplink access channel, terminal 101 processes the data to be transmitted according to chirp spreading. After obtaining the second data, terminal 101 selects a certain number of time slots to carry the second data to be transmitted based on the used carrier bandwidth, spreading factor, etc. Then, the second data is framed according to the channel frame structure, and the second data is transmitted to satellite 100 in the first uplink channel in the empty time slots. Optionally, if some time slots are empty after the second data is framed according to the channel frame structure, zero padding may be used to fill a time slot, thereby achieving time slot alignment.

[0108] In some embodiments, in order to ensure the reliability of data transmission and prevent loss during transmission, in addition to the preamble, unique word, payload, and check bit in the channel frame structure, a certain number of protection time slots can be added to protect the transmitted data.

[0109] In the embodiment of the present application, the designed first downlink channel and the first uplink channel both adopt a unified channel frame structure to make the channel low in complexity, low in power consumption, and high in sensitivity, and can also support the application scenario of the terminal directly connecting to the network device for data transmission.

[0110] To further illustrate the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application, this is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Although the embodiments of the present application provide the method operation steps as shown in the following embodiments or drawings, more or fewer operation steps may be included in the method based on routine or no creative labor. In the steps where there is no necessary causal relationship logically, the execution order of these steps is not limited to the execution order provided by the embodiments of the present application. The method may be executed or executed in parallel in the order of the methods shown in the embodiments or drawings during the actual processing process or when the device is executed.

[0111] Figure 3 The flowchart of a data transmission method on the terminal side provided by an embodiment of the present application is exemplified. The process can be performed by the terminal (such as Figure 1 The terminal 101 shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0112] 301: Receive first data from a first downlink channel.

[0113] Optionally, receiving the first data from the first downlink channel may include: in response to the terminal initiating a broadcast signal search function, determining whether prior information exists, the prior information including satellite ephemeris of a network device stored locally by the terminal;

[0114] If not, in response to the terminal starting the blind search broadcast signal mode, all broadcast signal frequencies of the network device are searched separately, and the first broadcast signal frequency that meets the signal strength requirement (for example, the signal strength is the largest) is selected from all the broadcast signal frequencies, and the first data is received from the downlink broadcast channel corresponding to the first broadcast signal frequency, thereby ensuring the reliability of the first data reception; and / or if so, the second broadcast signal frequency of the satellite at the current time can be calculated based on the satellite ephemeris in the prior information, and the first data is received from the downlink broadcast channel corresponding to the second broadcast signal frequency.

[0115] Optionally, the prior information may also include information such as the carrier frequency, transmission time, and beam of the first downlink channel used in history.

[0116] 302: Based on the first data received from the first downlink channel, send second data to be transmitted on the first uplink channel; wherein both the first data and the second data adopt a first spread spectrum method, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access method, and the first uplink channel adopts a slotted ALOHA method.

[0117] In this step, the first spreading mode, the first downlink channel, and the first uplink channel can be described in the above Figure 1 The relevant description shown will not be repeated here.

[0118] Optionally, sending the second data to be transmitted on the first uplink channel may include the following methods:

[0119] Mode 1: In response to a terminal (e.g., a smart phone, tablet computer, vehicle-mounted terminal, etc.) triggering a data transmission event (e.g., turning on a data transmission function option), a first downlink channel (e.g., Figure 1 After receiving the first data in the first downlink channel (as shown in FIG), the data to be sent is spread based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data, and then the second data is sent in the first uplink channel (as shown in FIG) according to the first sending mechanism. Figure 1 The first uplink channel shown in FIG. 4 sends the second data.

[0120] It should be noted that the above-mentioned function option of turning on data sending can be implemented through the voice function of the terminal or through the touch screen function of the terminal, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0121] Optionally, before sending the second data on the first uplink channel according to the first sending mechanism, time-frequency synchronization processing may be performed on the first uplink channel, which may specifically include the following process:

[0122] Calculate the time deviation and frequency deviation of the first downlink channel; determine the time offset and frequency offset of the first uplink channel based on the calculated time deviation and frequency deviation of the terminal current position information and the satellite ephemeris in the first data, so as to eliminate the influence of time offset, Doppler frequency shift, crystal oscillator drift, etc.; calculate the sending time and carrier frequency of the second data sent on the first uplink channel based on the time offset and frequency offset, as well as the sending time and carrier frequency of the first data when sending the first data on the first downlink channel in the first data, thereby achieving time and frequency synchronization of the first uplink channel and facilitating the subsequent selection of an appropriate first uplink channel for transmission of the second data based on this, so as to avoid conflicts with data sent by other terminals.

[0123] Furthermore, the time deviation may be calculated based on the sending time configured for the first downlink channel and the actual time of receiving the first data; the frequency deviation may be calculated based on the carrier frequency configured for the first downlink channel and the actually measured carrier frequency.

[0124] Optionally, according to the first sending mechanism, sending the second data on the first uplink channel may be based on the channel quality of the first downlink channel, determining the number of repeated transmissions of the second data, and sending the second data on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions.

[0125] Optionally, the channel quality can be determined based on the signal receiving power, where the higher the signal receiving power, the better the channel quality; it can also be determined by the signal-to-noise ratio, where the higher the signal-to-noise ratio, the better the channel quality; it can also be determined by the data transmission delay, where the lower the delay, the better the channel quality. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0126] Optionally, determining the number of repeated transmissions of the second data based on the channel quality of the first downlink channel, and sending the second data on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions may include the following situations:

[0127] Case 1: If the measured channel quality (Q) of the first downlink channel is greater than or equal to the first threshold (M2), the channel quality of the first uplink channel on the same carrier frequency as the first downlink channel is good. Therefore, the second data can be successfully transmitted to the satellite by sending it only once on the first uplink channel, eliminating the need for repeated transmissions and reducing resource usage. If the channel quality is measured using received signal power, the first threshold is the received signal power threshold. If the channel quality is measured using signal-to-noise ratio, the first threshold is the signal-to-noise ratio threshold.

[0128] Case 2: If the measured channel quality of the first downlink channel is between the first threshold (M2) and the second threshold (M1) (i.e., Q is between (M1, M2)), it indicates that the channel quality of the first uplink channel at the same carrier frequency as the first downlink channel is better, and the first number of repeated transmissions and the first repeated transmission time interval can be determined; then, within the total data transmission time (T) of the terminal, the second data is repeatedly transmitted on the first uplink channel according to the first repeated transmission time interval until the number of times (N) the terminal sends the second data reaches the first repeated transmission number (K1); wherein the second threshold (M1) is less than the first threshold (M2).

[0129] Optionally, the first number of repeated transmissions is a first preset number of transmissions (K); the first repeated transmission interval (k) is determined based on the first preset number of transmissions, the total duration of the data transmission, and the duration of one second data transmission (T0), for example, k = floor(T / T0 / K), where floor is a rounding function. In some embodiments, the first number of repeated transmissions may also be appropriately floated based on the first preset number of transmissions.

[0130] Case 3: If the measured channel quality of the first downlink channel is less than or equal to the second threshold (i.e., Q is less than or equal to M1), it indicates that the channel quality of the first uplink channel at the same carrier frequency as the first downlink channel is poor, and the second number of repeated transmissions and the second repeated transmission time interval can be determined; then, within the total data transmission time of the terminal, the second data is repeatedly transmitted on the first uplink channel according to the second repeated transmission time interval until the number of transmissions (N) of the second data reaches the second number of repeated transmissions (K2).

[0131] Optionally, the second repeated transmission number is the square of the first preset transmission number, and the second repeated transmission time interval (k') is determined according to the first preset transmission number, the total data transmission duration and the transmission duration of the second data transmission, for example, k'=floor(T / T0 / K).

[0132] In some embodiments, the second repeated sending times may also be appropriately floated based on the square of the first preset sending times.

[0133] In the above-mentioned Method 1, when the terminal wants to send data, after opening the corresponding function option, it receives the first data from the first downlink channel, and spreads the data to be sent based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data. Further, by comparing the channel quality of the first downlink channel with the threshold, it is speculated whether the second data to be transmitted needs to be repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel. This just-in-time sending mechanism can reduce the consumption of terminal resources, and by measuring the channel quality of the first downlink channel to estimate the channel quality of the first uplink channel and adopting different sending schemes based on different channel qualities, it can also ensure the success rate of data transmission.

[0134] Based on the above-mentioned Method 1, assuming that the total data sending duration is T, the sending duration for sending the second data once is T0, the time slot counter for recording the repeated sending time interval is set to i = 0, the first preset sending times is K, the times counter for recording the sending times of the second data is set to N = 0, the first threshold is M2, and the second threshold is M1. Figure 4 Exemplarily shows a flowchart of a complete data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 4 shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0135] 401: In response to the terminal triggering a data sending event, receive the first data from the first downlink channel.

[0136] 402: The terminal measures the channel quality of the first downlink channel and determines the sending time and carrier frequency of the first uplink channel.

[0137] In this step, determining the sending time and carrier frequency of the first uplink channel is similar to the relevant description in Figure 3 302 and will not be repeated here.

[0138] 403: The terminal spreads the data to be sent according to the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data.

[0139] 404: The terminal compares the above-mentioned channel quality with the threshold. If Q ≥ M2, then send the second data only once on the first uplink channel and transfer to 411. If M1 < Q < M2, then transfer to 405. If Q ≤ M1, then transfer to 406.

[0140] 405: Determine the first repeated sending times and the first repeated sending time interval, and transfer to 407.

[0141] For example, when the channel quality satisfies M1 < Q < M2, if the total data transmission duration T set is 1000 ms and the transmission duration T0 for a single second data transmission is 10 ms, then the first retransmission count is the first preset transmission count K = 10, and the first retransmission time interval k = floor(T / T0 / K) = 10 ms.

[0142] 406: Determine the second retransmission count and the second retransmission time interval, and proceed to 407.

[0143] For example, when the channel quality satisfies Q ≤ M1, if the total data transmission duration T set is 1000 ms and the transmission duration T0 for a single second data transmission is 10 ms, then the second retransmission count is K 2 = 100, and the second retransmission time interval k' = floor(T / T0 / K) = 10 ms.

[0144] 407: Determine whether i*T0 < T and whether mod(i, k or k') = 1. If not, proceed to 408; if so, proceed to 409.

[0145] 408: Set the time slot counter i = i + 1, and proceed to 407.

[0146] 409: Retransmit the second data in the first uplink channel, increment the count counter N = N + 1, and then proceed to 410.

[0147] 410: When M1 < Q < M2, determine whether N is greater than K1; or when Q ≤ M1, determine whether N is greater than K2. If so, proceed to 411; if not, proceed to 408.

[0148] 411: Wait for the next data transmission event triggered by the terminal.

[0149] Method 2: In response to the terminal (such as a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, etc.) being awakened (for example, the terminal is awakened according to a set period or set time), record the current awakening time, and receive the first data from the first downlink channel; perform spreading processing on the data to be transmitted based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data; then, according to the second transmission mechanism, transmit the second data in the first uplink channel.

[0150] Optionally, before transmitting the second data in the first uplink channel according to the second transmission mechanism, time-frequency synchronization processing may also be performed on the first uplink channel (the specific process refers to the relevant description above) to eliminate the influence of time offset, Doppler frequency shift, crystal oscillator drift, etc.

[0151] Optionally, according to the second transmission mechanism, sending the second data on the first uplink channel may be: determining whether to repeat sending the second data on the first uplink channel based at least on the time interval (dt) between the current time (t) and the wake-up time (t0), the preset working duration (T') after the terminal wakes up, and / or the second preset number of transmissions.

[0152] Optionally, several embodiments of whether to repeat sending the second data on the first uplink channel may include the following:

[0153] Embodiment 1: If the time interval is less than or equal to the preset working duration, repeat sending the second data on the first uplink channel.

[0154] For example, T' = 90 ms. If the wake-up time is t0 = 2:05:10.008 s, the current time t = 2:05:10.080 s, dt = t - t0 = 72 ms, that is, dt < T0, it indicates that the second data needs to be repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel. Otherwise, wait for the terminal to be woken up next time.

[0155] Embodiment 2: If the time interval is less than the preset working duration and the number of transmissions of the second data has not reached the second preset number of transmissions, repeat sending the second data on the first uplink channel. Further, a counter can be used for counting until the number of transmissions recorded by the counter reaches the second preset number of transmissions.

[0156] For example, T' = 90 ms. If the wake-up time is t0 = 2:05:10.008 s, the current time t = 2:05:10.080 s, dt = t - t0 = 72 ms, that is, dt < T0, and the number of transmissions recorded by the counter is 10, which has not reached the second preset number of transmissions 20, it indicates that the second data needs to be repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel.

[0157] Embodiment 3: If the number of transmissions of the second data has not reached the second preset number of transmissions, repeat sending the second data on the first uplink channel.

[0158] For example, if the number of transmissions recorded by the counter is 10 times and the second preset number of transmissions is 20 times, it indicates that the second data needs to be continuously and repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel.

[0159] Through the above-mentioned method 2, when the terminal is awakened, the first data is received from the first downlink channel, and the data to be sent is spread-spectrum processed based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data. Furthermore, by comparing the time interval between the wake-up time and the current time, the preset working time after the terminal wakes up, and / or the second preset number of transmissions, it is determined whether the second data needs to be repeatedly sent in the first uplink channel; this timed wake-up mechanism takes into account the fixed working mode of this type of terminal, can reduce the consumption of terminal resources, and through the above-mentioned embodiment, further measures whether the second data is successfully sent within the preset working time, which can improve the success rate of data transmission.

[0160] Based on the third embodiment of the above-mentioned method 2, it is assumed that the preset total working time after the terminal wakes up is T', the times counter k=0, and the second preset number of sending times is K. Figure 5 The flowchart of another complete data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present application is exemplified. Figure 5 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0161] 501: In response to the terminal being awakened, record the current awakening time and receive first data from a first downlink channel.

[0162] 502: Determine the transmission time and carrier frequency of the first uplink channel.

[0163] In this step, the transmission time and carrier frequency of the first uplink channel are determined. Figure 3 The relevant description in 302 is similar and will not be repeated here.

[0164] 503: The terminal performs spreading processing on the data to be sent according to the spreading factor of the first data to obtain second data.

[0165] 504: The terminal calculates the time interval dt between the current time and the wake-up time.

[0166] 505 : Determine whether the time interval dt is less than the preset total working time T′. If so, proceed to 506 ; if not, proceed to 508 .

[0167] 506 : The terminal repeatedly sends the second data on the first uplink channel, and sets the number counter k=k+1, and then proceeds to 507 .

[0168] 507 : Determine whether the number counter k is greater than the second preset number of sending times K. If so, go to 508 ; if not, go to 504 .

[0169] 508: Waiting for the terminal to be woken up next time.

[0170] Optionally, the data to be transmitted is spread spectrum processed based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data, which can be as follows: Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a data spread spectrum processing method provided by the present application. Specifically, the method may include the following steps:

[0171] 601: Verify the data to be sent through CRC to obtain verified first payload data.

[0172] In this step, in order to make the data to be sent have a check and error detection function, a CRC check can be added to the data to be sent, so that the subsequent network device can check whether there is an error in the data in the payload part after receiving the second data.

[0173] 602: Encode the first payload data using LDPC to obtain encoded second payload data.

[0174] In this step, the first payload data may be encoded by LDPC, thereby obtaining encoded second payload data, so that subsequent network devices can further perform error correction on the payload data after receiving the second data.

[0175] 603: Perform a rate matching operation on the second payload data to obtain third payload data, and scramble the third payload data to obtain scrambled fourth payload data.

[0176] In this step, since the number of bits of the above-mentioned second payload data may be inconsistent with the number of bits that the resources can carry, the rate matching operation is performed to facilitate the terminal to subsequently determine which code blocks of which bits to transmit when there are more resources, and to facilitate the terminal to determine which code blocks of which bits should be removed when there are fewer resources; the third payload data is further scrambled to obtain the scrambled fourth payload data, which can eliminate noise interference in the subsequent transmission process.

[0177] 604: Split the fourth payload data according to the spreading factor to obtain a plurality of split fourth payload sub-data, and perform decimal conversion on the plurality of fourth payload sub-data to obtain a plurality of converted fifth payload sub-data.

[0178] In this step, the length L of the fourth effective payload data to be transmitted is split according to SF to obtain M information blocks (ie, multiple fourth effective payload sub-data), where M=round(L / SF), and round is a rounding function.

[0179] Furthermore, each information block is set to λ, and λ is converted into decimal form, thereby obtaining initial information X (i.e., the fifth payload sub-data) with a required transmission length of M. The expression of the initial information X is: λ i The number of bits representing λ.

[0180] 605: Perform spread spectrum modulation on the plurality of fifth payload sub-data according to the set modulation bandwidth to obtain a plurality of target payload sub-data after spread spectrum modulation.

[0181] In this step, the multiple fifth payload sub-data can be spread spectrum modulated according to the set modulation bandwidth (for example, 125HZ) to obtain multiple target payload sub-data after spread spectrum modulation, thereby realizing the transmission of the above-mentioned different initial information, so that the subsequent target short message can be transmitted during the transmission process, thereby improving the communication reliability and coverage.

[0182] 606: Frame the multiple target payload sub-data according to the channel frame structure of the first uplink channel to obtain second data.

[0183] Through the above Figure 6 In the spread spectrum processing method shown, the terminal performs spread spectrum modulation processing on the data to be sent based on the spreading factor, so that the frequency bandwidth occupied by the signal is much larger than the minimum bandwidth required for the second data to be transmitted, and frames the data according to the channel frame structure of the first uplink channel to facilitate the subsequent transmission of the second data on the first uplink channel, thereby further improving the success rate of data transmission.

[0184] In the embodiment of the present application, since a first downlink channel and a first uplink channel are designed for scenarios suitable for non-terrestrial networks, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access method, and the second uplink channel adopts a time slot ALOHA method. The design methods of the above two channels are simple, and based on the first data received from the first downlink channel, a suitable second uplink channel is selected through time slot adaptive transmission to transmit the second data. Therefore, it can support the application scenario of data transmission after the terminal is directly connected to the network device, thereby realizing data transmission between the terminal and the network device.

[0185] Based on the above Figure 3 In the method shown, after the terminal sends the second data to be transmitted on the first uplink channel, the network device can receive the second data from the first uplink channel. Figure 7 The flowchart of a data transmission method on the network device side provided by an embodiment of the present application is exemplified. The process can be performed by the network device (such as Figure 1 The satellite 100 shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0186] 701: Send first data to a terminal based on a first downlink channel.

[0187] In this step, the network device may periodically send respective first data to the first downlink channels corresponding to all broadcast signal frequencies, so that subsequent terminals can receive the required first data in the first downlink channels corresponding to the searched broadcast signal frequencies.

[0188] 702: Receive second data sent by the terminal via the first uplink channel; wherein both the first data and the second data adopt a first spread spectrum mode, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access mode, and the first uplink channel adopts a slotted ALOHA mode.

[0189] In this step, the first spreading mode, the first downlink channel, and the first uplink channel can be described in the above Figure 1 The relevant description shown will not be repeated here.

[0190] Optionally, the channel frame structure of the first downlink channel and the first uplink channel (such as Figure 2 (as shown) include a preamble, a unique word, a payload, and a check bit.

[0191] In the embodiment of the present application, since a first downlink channel and a first uplink channel are designed for scenarios suitable for non-terrestrial networks, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access method, and the second uplink channel adopts a time slot ALOHA method. The design methods of the above two channels are simple, and based on the first data received from the first downlink channel, a suitable second uplink channel is selected through time slot adaptive transmission to transmit the second data. Therefore, it can support the application scenario of data transmission after the terminal is directly connected to the network device, and realize data transmission between the terminal and the network device.

[0192] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application further provides a terminal, which can implement the process of the above-mentioned data transmission method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0193] Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application is exemplarily shown.

[0194] The terminal includes a sending module 801 and may further include a receiving module 802 and a processing module 803 .

[0195] The sending module 801 is used to send second data to be transmitted on the first uplink channel based on the first data received from the first downlink channel; wherein the first data and the second data both adopt a first spread spectrum method, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access method, and the first uplink channel adopts a time slot ALOHA method.

[0196] Optionally, the receiving module 802 is used to receive the first data from the first downlink channel in response to the terminal triggering a data sending event; the processing module 803 is used to perform spread spectrum processing on the data to be sent based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data; the sending module 801 is specifically used to send the second data on the first uplink channel according to the first sending mechanism.

[0197] Optionally, the sending module 801 is specifically configured to: determine a number of repeated transmissions of the second data based on a channel quality of the first downlink channel, and send the second data on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions.

[0198] Optionally, the sending module 801 is specifically configured to: if the channel quality is greater than or equal to a first threshold, send the second data only once on the first uplink channel.

[0199] Optionally, the sending module 801 is specifically used to: if the channel quality is between a first threshold and a second threshold, determine a first number of repeated transmissions and a first repeated transmission time interval; wherein the second threshold is less than the first threshold; within the total data transmission time of the terminal, repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel according to the first repeated transmission time interval until the number of times the terminal sends the second data reaches the first repeated transmission number.

[0200] Optionally, the sending module 801 is specifically used to: if the channel quality is less than or equal to a second threshold, determine the second number of repeated transmissions and the second repeated transmission time interval; within the total data transmission time of the terminal, repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel according to the second repeated transmission time interval until the number of times the second data is sent reaches the second repeated transmission number.

[0201] Optionally, the sending module 801 is specifically configured to:

[0202] In response to the terminal being awakened, the current awakening time is recorded, and the first data is received from the first downlink channel; the data to be sent is spread spectrum processed based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data; and the second data is sent on the first uplink channel according to the second sending mechanism.

[0203] Optionally, the sending module 801 is specifically used to determine whether to repeat sending the second data on the first uplink channel based at least on the time interval between the current time and the wake-up time, the preset working time after the terminal wakes up, and / or the second preset number of sending times.

[0204] Optionally, the sending module 801 is specifically configured to: if the time interval is less than the preset working duration, repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel.

[0205] Optionally, the sending module 801 is specifically used to: if the time interval is less than the preset working time, and the number of times the second data is sent does not reach the second preset number of times, then repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel.

[0206] Optionally, the sending module 801 is specifically configured to: if the number of times the second data is sent does not reach the second preset number of times, repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel.

[0207] Optionally, the receiving module 802 is specifically configured to:

[0208] Receiving the first data from the first downlink channel includes:

[0209] In response to the terminal initiating a broadcast signal search function, determining whether prior information exists; wherein the prior information includes satellite ephemeris of a network device stored locally by the terminal;

[0210] If not, in response to the terminal starting a blind search broadcast signal mode, searching all broadcast signal frequencies of the network device respectively, selecting a first broadcast signal frequency that meets the signal strength requirement from all broadcast signal frequencies, and receiving the first data from a first downlink channel corresponding to the first broadcast signal frequency; and / or

[0211] If so, the second broadcast signal frequency of the network device at the current time is calculated according to the satellite ephemeris, and the first data is received from the first downlink channel corresponding to the second broadcast signal frequency.

[0212] Optionally, the processing module 803 is specifically configured to:

[0213] Verifying the data to be sent by CRC to obtain verified first payload data;

[0214] Encoding the first payload data by LDPC to obtain encoded second payload data;

[0215] performing a rate matching operation on the second payload data to obtain third payload data, and scrambling the third payload data to obtain scrambled fourth payload data;

[0216] Splitting the fourth payload data according to the spreading factor to obtain a plurality of split fourth payload sub-data, and performing decimal conversion on the plurality of fourth payload sub-data to obtain a plurality of converted fifth payload sub-data;

[0217] performing spread spectrum modulation on the plurality of fifth payload sub-data according to the set modulation bandwidth to obtain a plurality of target payload sub-data after spread spectrum modulation;

[0218] The plurality of target payload sub-data are framed according to the channel frame structure of the first uplink channel to obtain the second data.

[0219] Optionally, the processing module 803 is also used to calculate the time deviation and frequency deviation of the first downlink channel; determine the time offset and frequency offset of the first uplink channel based on the current position information of the terminal, the satellite ephemeris in the first data, and the time deviation and the frequency deviation; calculate the sending time and carrier frequency of sending the second data on the first uplink channel based on the time offset and the frequency offset, as well as the sending time and carrier frequency in the first data.

[0220] It should be noted here that the above-mentioned terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps in the above-mentioned data transmission method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as the method embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0221] Based on the same technical concept, a network device is also provided in an embodiment of the present application, which can implement the process of the above-mentioned data transmission method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0222] Figure 9 The schematic diagram of the structure of a network device provided in an embodiment of the present application is exemplarily shown. The network device includes a sending module 901 and a receiving module 902.

[0223] A sending module 901 is configured to send first data to a terminal based on a first downlink channel;

[0224] The receiving module 902 is used to receive the second data sent by the terminal via the first uplink channel; wherein the first data and the second data both adopt the first spread spectrum method, the first downlink channel adopts the time division multiple access method, and the first uplink channel adopts the time slot ALOHA method.

[0225] It should be noted here that the above-mentioned network device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps in the above-mentioned data transmission method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0226] Based on the same technical concept, an electronic device is also provided in an embodiment of the present application, which can realize the functions of the aforementioned terminal or network device.

[0227] Figure 10 The structural diagram of a network device provided in an embodiment of the present application is exemplified.

[0228] At least one processor 1001, and a memory 1002 connected to the at least one processor 1001. The specific connection medium between the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 10 In the example, the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 are connected via the bus 1000. Figure 10 The bus 1000 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 10 The diagram is represented by only one thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus. Alternatively, the processor 1001 may also be referred to as a controller, without limitation to the name.

[0229] In the embodiment of the present application, the memory 1002 stores instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 1001. The at least one processor 1001 can execute a data transmission method discussed above by executing the instructions stored in the memory 1002. The processor 1001 can implement Figure 8 or Figure 9 The functions of each module in the device shown.

[0230] Among them, processor 1001 is the control center of the device, which can use various interfaces and lines to connect the various parts of the entire control device, and monitor the device as a whole by running or executing instructions stored in memory 1002 and calling data stored in memory 1002, various functions of the device and processing data.

[0231] In one possible design, processor 1001 may include one or more processing units. Processor 1001 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor primarily processes the operating system, user interface, and application programs, while the modem processor primarily handles wireless communications. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into processor 1001. In some embodiments, processor 1001 and memory 1002 may be implemented on the same chip. In some embodiments, they may also be implemented on separate chips.

[0232] The processor 1001 can be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, and can implement or execute the various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of a data transmission method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as being executed by a hardware processor, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.

[0233] Memory 1002 is a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium that can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer executable programs and modules. Memory 1002 may include at least one type of storage medium, such as a flash memory, a hard disk, a multimedia card, a card-type memory, a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM), a programmable read-only memory (Programmable Read Only Memory, PROM), a read-only memory (Read Only Memory, ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EEPROM), a magnetic memory, a disk, an optical disk, etc. Memory 1002 is any other medium that can be used to carry or store a desired program code in the form of an instruction or data structure and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory 1002 in the embodiment of the present application can also be a circuit or any other device that can realize a storage function, for storing program instructions and / or data.

[0234] By designing and programming the processor 1001, the code corresponding to the short message sending method and receiving method described in the aforementioned embodiment can be embedded in the chip, thereby enabling the chip to execute the data transmission method described in the aforementioned embodiment during operation. Designing and programming the processor 1001 is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be further described here.

[0235] It should be noted here that the above-mentioned communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement all the method steps implemented in the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. The parts and beneficial effects of this embodiment that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0236] Based on the same technical concept, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer storage medium, comprising: computer program code. When the computer program code is executed on a computer, the computer executes any of the data transmission methods discussed above. Because the principle of solving the problem solved by the computer storage medium is similar to that of the method for adjusting model parameters, the implementation of the computer storage medium can be referred to as the implementation of the method, and the repeated parts are not repeated here.

[0237] In a specific implementation process, computer storage media may include: Universal Serial Bus Flash Drive (USB), mobile hard disk, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk, and other storage media that can store program code.

[0238] Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, comprising: computer program code, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the data transmission methods discussed above. Because the principles underlying the problem solved by the computer program product are similar to those of the data transmission method, the implementation of the computer program product can be referred to as the implementation of the method, and any repetitions will not be repeated.

[0239] The computer program product can employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium can be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or component, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of readable storage media include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0240] The methods described herein can be implemented in whole or in part using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, they can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described herein are performed in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user equipment, a core network device, an OAM, or other programmable device.

[0241] The computer program or instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer program or instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via a wired or wireless method. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape; an optical medium, such as a digital video disk; or a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state drive. The computer-readable storage medium may be a volatile or non-volatile storage medium, or may include both volatile and non-volatile types of storage media.

[0242] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage and optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0243] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the steps in the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific way, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a product including an instruction device, which implements the instructions in the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0244] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0245] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that: Applied to terminals, including: Sending second data to be transmitted on the first uplink channel based on the first data received from the first downlink channel; The first data and the second data both adopt a first spread spectrum mode, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access mode, and the first uplink channel adopts a slotted ALOHA mode.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first spread spectrum mode is Chirp spread spectrum.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first downlink channel is a first downlink broadcast channel, and the first downlink broadcast channel is used to periodically transmit the first data.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first uplink channel is a first uplink access channel, and the first uplink access channel is used to transmit the second data in an empty time slot.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The sending, on the first uplink channel, second data to be transmitted based on the first data received from the first downlink channel comprises: In response to a data sending event triggered by the terminal, receiving the first data from the first downlink channel; performing spread spectrum processing on the data to be transmitted based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data; The second data is sent on the first uplink channel according to a first sending mechanism.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The sending of the second data on the first uplink channel according to the first sending mechanism includes: The number of repeated transmissions of the second data is determined based on the channel quality of the first downlink channel, and the second data is transmitted on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The determining, based on the channel quality of the first downlink channel, the number of repeated transmissions of the second data, and sending the second data on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions, includes: If the channel quality is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the second data is sent only once on the first uplink channel.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein The determining, based on the channel quality of the first downlink channel, the number of repeated transmissions of the second data, and sending the second data on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions, includes: If the channel quality is between a first threshold and a second threshold, determining a first number of repeated transmissions and a first repeated transmission time interval; wherein the second threshold is less than the first threshold; Repeatedly sending the second data on the first uplink channel according to the first repetition time interval within the total data sending duration of the terminal until the number of times the terminal sends the second data reaches the first repetition number.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein The first repeated transmission times is a first preset transmission times, and the first repeated transmission time interval is determined according to the first set times, the total data transmission time, and the transmission time of one second data transmission.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein The determining, based on the channel quality, a number of repeated transmissions of the second data, and sending the second data on the first uplink channel based on the number of repeated transmissions, includes: If the channel quality is less than or equal to a second threshold, determining a second number of repeated transmissions and a second repeated transmission time interval; The second data is repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel according to the second repetition time interval within the total data sending duration of the terminal until the number of times the second data is sent reaches the second number of repetition times.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein The second repeated transmission number is the square of the first preset transmission number, and the second repeated transmission time interval is determined according to the first preset transmission number, the total data transmission duration, and the transmission duration of one second data transmission.

12. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 11, wherein: Before sending the second data on the first uplink channel according to the first sending mechanism, the method further includes: Calculating a time deviation and a frequency deviation of the first downlink channel; Determining a time offset and a frequency offset of the first uplink channel according to the current location information of the terminal, the satellite ephemeris in the first data, and the time offset and the frequency offset; The sending time and carrier frequency of the second data on the first uplink channel are calculated according to the time offset and the frequency offset, and the sending time and carrier frequency in the first data.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein The sending, on the first uplink channel, second data to be transmitted based on the first data received from the first downlink channel comprises: In response to the terminal being awakened, recording a current awakening time, and receiving the first data from the first downlink channel; performing spread spectrum processing on the data to be transmitted based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data; The second data is sent on the first uplink channel according to a second sending mechanism.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein The sending of the second data on the first uplink channel according to the second sending mechanism includes: Whether to repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel is determined based at least on the time interval between the current time and the wake-up time, the preset working time after the terminal wakes up, and / or the second preset number of transmissions.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein The determining whether to repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel based at least on a time interval between the current time and the wake-up time, a preset working time after the terminal wakes up, and / or a second preset number of transmission times includes: If the time interval is less than the preset working duration, the second data is repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein The determining whether to repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel based at least on a time interval between the current time and the wake-up time, a preset working time after the terminal wakes up, and / or a second preset number of transmission times includes: If the time interval is less than the preset working time, and the number of times the second data is sent does not reach the second preset number of times, the second data is repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein The determining whether to repeatedly send the second data on the first uplink channel based at least on a time interval between the current time and the wake-up time, a preset working time after the terminal wakes up, and / or a second preset number of transmission times includes: If the number of times the second data is sent does not reach the second preset number of times, the second data is repeatedly sent on the first uplink channel.

18. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 17, wherein: The receiving the first data from the first downlink channel includes: In response to the terminal initiating a broadcast signal search function, determining whether prior information exists; wherein the prior information includes satellite ephemeris of a network device stored locally by the terminal; If not, in response to the terminal starting a blind search broadcast signal mode, searching all broadcast signal frequencies of the network device respectively, selecting a first broadcast signal frequency that meets the signal strength requirement from all broadcast signal frequencies, and receiving the first data from a first downlink channel corresponding to the first broadcast signal frequency; and / or If so, the second broadcast signal frequency of the network device at the current time is calculated according to the satellite ephemeris, and the first data is received from the first downlink channel corresponding to the second broadcast signal frequency.

19. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 17, wherein: The performing spread spectrum processing on the data to be transmitted based on the spreading factor of the first data to obtain the second data includes: The data to be sent is checked using a cyclic redundancy check code (CRC) to obtain checked first payload data; Encoding the first payload data using a low-density parity-check code (LDPC) to obtain encoded second payload data; performing a rate matching operation on the second payload data to obtain third payload data, and scrambling the third payload data to obtain scrambled fourth payload data; Splitting the fourth payload data according to the spreading factor to obtain a plurality of split fourth payload sub-data, and performing decimal conversion on the plurality of fourth payload sub-data to obtain a plurality of converted fifth payload sub-data; performing spread spectrum modulation on the plurality of fifth payload sub-data according to the set modulation bandwidth to obtain a plurality of target payload sub-data after spread spectrum modulation; The plurality of target payload sub-data are framed according to the channel frame structure of the first uplink channel to obtain the second data.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein The channel frame structures of the first downlink channel and the first uplink channel both include a preamble, a unique word UW, a payload, and a check bit.

21. A data transmission method, characterized in that: Applicable to network equipment, including: Sending first data to the terminal based on the first downlink channel; receiving second data sent by the terminal via the first uplink channel; The first data and the second data both adopt a first spread spectrum mode, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access mode, and the first uplink channel adopts a slotted ALOHA mode.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein The first spread spectrum mode is Chirp spread spectrum.

23. The method according to claim 21, wherein The first downlink channel is a first downlink broadcast channel, and the first downlink broadcast channel is used to periodically transmit the first data.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein: The first uplink channel is a first uplink access channel, and the first uplink access channel is used to transmit the second data in an empty time slot.

25. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein: The channel frame structures of the first downlink channel and the first uplink channel both include a preamble, a unique word UW, a payload, and a check bit.

26. A terminal, characterized in that: include: a sending module, configured to send second data to be transmitted on the first uplink channel based on the first data received from the first downlink channel; The first data and the second data both adopt a first spread spectrum mode, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access mode, and the first uplink channel adopts a slotted ALOHA mode.

27. A network device, characterized in that: include: Sending first data to the terminal based on the first downlink channel; receiving second data sent by the terminal via the first uplink channel; The first data and the second data both adopt a first spread spectrum mode, the first downlink channel adopts a time division multiple access mode, and the first uplink channel adopts a slotted ALOHA mode.

28. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: Memory for storing computer programs; The processor is configured to implement the method steps described in any one of claims 1 to 20, or implement the method steps described in any one of claims 21 to 25, when executing the computer program stored in the memory.

29. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method steps of any one of claims 1 to 20, or implements the method steps of any one of claims 21 to 25.

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