Device and method for forming large-size special-shaped hole in surface of exterior trimming part
By designing a surface special-shaped hole forming device for exterior trim parts, the problems of low forming efficiency and high cost in the prior art are solved, and efficient and automated special-shaped hole forming is achieved, which meets the balance requirements of aesthetic assembly and structural strength, and improves production efficiency and device stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510903077.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-02
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to efficiently and accurately form larger special-shaped holes of automotive exterior parts, resulting in low assembly efficiency, high cost, and difficult to meet the balance requirements of aesthetics and structural strength.
A special-shaped hole forming device with a large surface size of the exterior trim is designed, including a bracket, a work surface, a longitudinal rail frame, a cylinder, a heating gun and a stamping mechanism. It adopts transmission ends, butt blocks, a concave frame, a pressing block, a mounting nail, a limiting plate, a buffer and a punching knife, and a special-shaped hole forming is carried out through a cylinder driving punching knife, and a heating gun is used to avoid paint cracking. The punching knife uses tungsten steel alloy material to optimize the punching force and rebound control.
It realizes automation, low-cost and efficient molding of special-shaped holes of exterior parts, improves assembly efficiency, ensures that the gap surface difference meets requirements, reduces the risk of failure, and improves production flexibility and assembly quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN120572584A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of automobile exterior trim processing equipment, and in particular to a device and method for forming relatively large irregularly shaped holes on the surface of exterior trim. Background Art
[0002] With the acceleration of automotive intelligence and electrification, automotive exterior trim is evolving from a single protective function to a multi-dimensional, complex system. This trend toward functional integration places higher demands on appearance, requiring a precise balance between styling aesthetics, structural strength, and electronic compatibility. To meet the design requirements for the installation of the AR light and shadow controller for the tailgate, an automatic punching machine is used to form larger, irregularly shaped holes. This ensures proper assembly, aesthetically pleasing appearance, and efficient and rapid installation of the installer, while also meeting clearance and flushness requirements after assembly. Compared to existing laser cutting designs, this reduces costs and improves assembly efficiency.
[0003] To address the above problems, a device and method for forming large-sized irregular holes on the surface of exterior trim parts are proposed. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In order to make up for the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a device and method for forming large-sized special-shaped holes on the surface of exterior trim parts, aiming to improve the problem that some devices in the existing technology are difficult to accurately and efficiently form large special-shaped holes.
[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A device for forming large irregularly shaped holes on the surface of an exterior trim part, comprising a bracket, a work surface mounted on the bracket, a longitudinal guide rail mounted on top of the work surface, a cylinder mounted on the longitudinal guide rail, a heating gun mounted on the back side of the longitudinal guide rail, a punching mechanism cooperating with the cylinder, and a support seat mounted on the work surface, wherein a waste recovery hopper is provided on the work surface for collecting waste generated by punching; The punching mechanism includes a transmission end head, a docking block, a concave frame, a pressure block, a mounting pin, a limiting plate, a buffer, an upper die and a punching knife. The transmission end head is connected to the cylinder driving end, the docking block is adapted to connect the transmission end head and the concave frame, the pressure block is installed below the concave frame, the mounting pin passes through the pressure block and is connected to the concave frame, the buffer is provided between the limiting plate and the concave frame, and the punching knife is fixed to the bottom of the upper die. As a further description of the above technical solution: The mounting nail comprises a fixing ring, a threaded nail is provided inside the fixing ring, the threaded nail is divided into a top threaded end and a bottom locking section, a driving rod is slidably connected inside the threaded nail, the end of the driving rod is fixedly connected to a rough surface column, the middle of the driving rod is fixedly connected to a conical pressure plate, a plurality of wedge blocks 1 are slidably connected inside the locking section of the threaded nail, a plurality of wedge blocks 2 are slidably connected inside the fixing ring, a plurality of return springs are fixedly connected inside the fixing ring, and the other end of the return spring is connected to the plug block; As a further description of the above technical solution: The screw thread has a transmission cavity inside for supporting the movement of the rough-surface column. The inner wall of the transmission cavity is divided into an upper friction surface and a lower smooth surface. The upper friction surface is adapted to the outer rough surface of the rough-surface column. As a further description of the above technical solution: The screw thread and the fixing ring are provided with a movable cavity inside, and the wedge block 1, the wedge block 2 and the insert block are all movable inside the movable cavity; As a further description of the above technical solution: The outer end of the wedge-shaped block 1 contacts the bottom end of the wedge-shaped block 2, and the top end of the wedge-shaped block 2 contacts the outer end of the insert block; As a further description of the above technical solution: A slot is provided at the junction of the fixing ring and the top of the screw, and the slot is adapted to the shape of the insert; As a further description of the above technical solution: The buffer member includes a fixed rod and a buffer spring. The bottom end of the fixed rod is mounted on the top of the limit plate through a nut, and the outer side of the fixed rod is slidably connected to the inside of the concave frame. A buffer spring is provided between the limit plate and the concave frame and is sleeved on the outer side of the fixed rod. As a further description of the above technical solution: The support seat is provided with a lower die 1, an anti-drift block 1 and an anti-drift block 2. The punch matches the contour of the special-shaped hole of the exterior trim and cooperates with the pressure block to suppress material rebound. The position and size of the lower die 1, anti-drift block 1 and anti-drift block 2 of the support seat can be adapted and adjusted according to the specific shape of the exterior trim.
[0006] A device for forming a large-sized irregular hole on the surface of an exterior decoration part, and a method for forming a large-sized irregular hole on the surface of an exterior decoration part, comprising the following steps: S1. Workpiece Positioning: Clamp the exterior component with anti-drift blocks 1 and 2, and adjust the lower mold position of the support base. S2. Power transmission: The cylinder drives the transmission end through the docking block to move the concave frame downward; S3. Collaborative stamping: The pressing block contacts the workpiece to suppress springback, the buffer absorbs the impact, and the punch completes the punching of the special-shaped hole. S4. Waste recovery: Waste falls into the waste recovery bucket on the workbench.
[0007] Preferably, the method further includes the step of replacing the punching blade: When disassembling: lift the driving rod to make the rough surface column engage with the friction surface of the transmission cavity, and rotate the driving rod to drive the screw out; During installation: rotate the screw to the locking position, and press the drive rod to insert the insert into the slot and lock it.
[0008] The downward stroke of the driving rod is 5-8 mm, and the matching clearance between the insert block and the slot is ≤0.05 mm.
[0009] During the blanking process, high-temperature gas is sprayed onto the exterior parts through a heating gun to prevent low temperatures and paint cracking.
[0010] Punching knife selection: Punching knife is made of tungsten steel alloy (grade YG15), hardness 62±1HRC, cutting edge profile tolerance ≤0.05mm.
[0011] Springback control: The end face of the pressing block is laser engraved with a 0.2mm deep grid pattern (density 20 patterns / cm²), which increases the local deformation of the workpiece by 15%-20% to offset the springback effect.
[0012] Optimize the blanking force: Perform segmented force calibration on the punch profile, decompose the special-shaped hole into arc segments (blanking force coefficient 1.0) and sharp corner segments (coefficient 1.8), and set the cylinder graded pressure output accordingly. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, by designing special-shaped punching equipment, the forming requirements of special-shaped holes of vehicle body exterior parts are solved, and automation, low cost and high efficiency are achieved, avoiding low-dimensional high investment, ensuring gap and face difference and other problems, greatly improving industrial production efficiency, shortening cycle time, providing valuable experience for flexible automatic production, and providing experience support for exterior suppliers to adapt to assembly production with complex styling requirements.
[0013] 2. In the present invention, the linkage of the drive column, the rough surface column, the conical pressure plate and other structures enables the quick disassembly and assembly of the punch blade without the need for additional tools, thereby improving the replacement efficiency; the cooperation of the wedge block, the return spring, the insert block and the slot is utilized to automatically lock after installation, effectively resisting vibration, ensuring the stable connection of the punch blade when the device is running, and reducing the risk of failure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a device for forming large-sized irregular holes on the surface of an exterior trim part proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a longitudinal guide rail frame of a device for forming irregularly shaped holes with large surface dimensions on exterior trim parts proposed by the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic structural diagram of a punching mechanism for forming a large-sized irregular-shaped hole on the surface of an exterior trim part proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the mounting pins of a device for forming large-sized irregular holes on the surface of exterior trim parts proposed by the present invention.
[0015] Legend: 1. Bracket; 2. Work surface; 3. Longitudinal guide frame; 4. Cylinder; 5. Heating gun; 6. Stamping mechanism; 61. Transmission end; 62. Docking block; 63. Concave frame; 64. Pressing block; 65. Mounting nail; 651. Fixing ring; 652. Threaded nail; 653. Driving rod; 654. Rough column; 655. Conical pressure plate; 656. Wedge block 1; 657. Wedge block 2; 658. Return spring; 659. Insert block; 66. Limit plate; 67. Buffer; 68. Upper die; 69. Punch; 7. Support seat; 71. Lower die 1; 72. Anti-drift block 1; 73. Anti-drift block 2; 8. Waste recovery bucket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0017] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides an embodiment of a device for forming a large-sized special-shaped hole on the surface of an exterior decoration part, comprising a bracket 1 as the basic supporting structure of the entire device, providing a stable installation carrier for subsequent components, a work table 2 provided on the bracket 1, for carrying the exterior decoration part to be processed and installing related components, providing an operating platform, a longitudinal guide frame 3, providing an installation base and movement guide for the cylinder 4, ensuring the movement accuracy of the cylinder 4, the cylinder 4 installed on the longitudinal guide frame 3, as a power source to output driving force, a heating gun 5 installed on the back side of the longitudinal guide frame 3, during the blanking process, the heating gun 5 is used to spray high-temperature gas to the exterior decoration part to avoid low temperature and paint cracking, a stamping mechanism 6 cooperating with the cylinder 4, collaboratively completing the special-shaped hole stamping operation, and a support seat 7 provided on the work table 2 for positioning the exterior decoration part, and a waste recovery bucket 8 for collecting waste generated by punching is provided on the work table 2, which centrally collects waste and keeps the environment clean.
[0018] The stamping mechanism 6 includes a transmission end 61, which receives the driving force of the cylinder 4 and transfers it, a docking block 62, which realizes the adaptive connection between the transmission end 61 and the concave frame 63 to ensure power transmission, a concave frame 63, which drives the relevant parts to be stamped downward under power, a pressing block 64, which cooperates with the punch 69 to suppress the rebound of the material as the concave frame 63 goes downward, and a mounting nail 65 is used to realize the quick disassembly and assembly and stable connection of the punch 69, etc., which is convenient for later maintenance, a limit plate 66, which assists in ensuring the working stability and movement accuracy of the stamping mechanism 6, and a buffer 67 for the stamping. The force is buffered to avoid damage to the components, and the upper mold 68 serves as a carrier for installing the punch 69, driving the punch 69 to move, and the punch 69 matches the contour of the special-shaped hole of the exterior part, and directly punches the special-shaped hole. The transmission end 61 is connected to the driving end of the cylinder 4, and the docking block 62 is adapted to connect the transmission end 61 and the concave frame 63. The pressure block 64 is installed below the concave frame 63, and the mounting nail 65 passes through the pressure block 64 and is connected to the concave frame 63. The buffer member 67 is provided between the limit plate 66 and the concave frame 63, and the punch 69 is fixed to the bottom of the upper mold 68.
[0019] The mounting pin 65 includes a fixing ring 651, which provides installation space and motion constraints for internal components. A threaded pin 652 is provided inside the fixing ring 651, which is connected and fixed to the concave frame 63 by rotation, and the bottom locking section cooperates with other components to achieve locking. The threaded pin 652 is divided into a top threaded end and a bottom locking section. The top threaded end is used to connect the concave frame 63, and the bottom locking section realizes the locking function. The inside of the threaded pin 652 is slidably connected to the driving rod 653, which drives related components through its own movement to achieve locking and unlocking of the mounting pin 65. The end of the driving rod 653 is fixedly connected to the rough surface column 654, which cooperates with the inner side wall of the transmission cavity to achieve power transmission or disconnection. A transmission cavity for supporting the movement of the rough surface column 654 is opened inside the threaded pin 652, providing activity space for the rough surface column 654 to achieve power conversion. The inner side wall of the transmission cavity is divided into an upper friction surface and a lower smooth surface, which cooperates with the rough surface column 654 to convert the power transmission state. The upper friction surface is adapted to the rough surface of the outer side of the rough surface column 654. The middle part of the driving rod 653 is fixedly connected with a conical pressure plate 655, which controls the extension and contraction of the wedge block 1 656 as the driving rod 653 moves, thereby realizing the locking and unlocking of the installation nail 65. The locking section of the threaded nail 652 is internally slidably connected with multiple wedge blocks 1 656, which are controlled by the conical pressure plate 655 and participate in the transmission of the locking and unlocking actions. The internal sliding connection of the fixed ring 651 is multiple wedge blocks 2 657, which move under the drive of the wedge block 1 656 and push the plug block 659 to move. The internal fixed ring 651 is fixedly connected with multiple return springs 658, which restore the deformation and drive the plug block 659 to disengage from the slot to assist in unlocking. The other end of the return spring 658 is connected to the plug block 659, which is inserted into the slot to achieve locking and is unlocked when it is disengaged. A slot is provided at the junction of the fixing ring 651 and the top of the threaded nail 652 to provide an insertion space for the plug block 659, ensuring that the installation nail 65 is firmly locked and that the slot is adapted to the shape of the plug block 659. Both the threaded nail 652 and the fixing ring 651 have movable cavities inside, which provide movable space for wedge block 1 656, wedge block 2 657 and plug block 659 to ensure the realization of mechanical movement. Wedge block 1 656, wedge block 2 657 and plug block 659 all move inside the movable cavity. The outer end of wedge block 1 656 contacts the bottom end of wedge block 2 657, and the top end of wedge block 2 657 contacts the outer end of plug block 659, transmitting the action to realize locking and unlocking.
[0020] The buffer member 67 includes a fixed rod and a buffer spring. The bottom end of the fixed rod is installed on the top of the limit plate 66 through a nut, and the outer side of the fixed rod is slidably connected to the inside of the concave frame 63. A buffer spring is arranged between the limit plate 66 and the concave frame 63, and the buffer spring is sleeved on the outer side of the fixed rod to buffer the impact pressure, avoid damage to components, and ensure stamping stability and accuracy.
[0021] The support seat 7 is provided with a lower die 71, which cooperates with the punch 69 to provide a lower die base for forming special-shaped holes, an anti-drift block 72, which positions the exterior trim to prevent processing deviation, and an anti-drift block 73, which cooperates with the anti-drift block 72 and is adapted and adjusted according to the shape of the exterior trim to enhance the positioning effect. The punch 69 matches the contour of the special-shaped hole of the exterior trim and cooperates with the pressure block 64 to suppress material rebound. The position and size of the lower die 71, anti-drift block 72 and anti-drift block 73 of the support seat 7 can be adapted and adjusted according to the specific shape of the exterior trim to ensure accurate positioning of the exterior trim and improve the quality of special-shaped hole forming.
[0022] Working Principle: This device for forming large, irregularly shaped holes on exterior trim surfaces operates as follows: First, the exterior trim to be processed is placed on support base 7 on work surface 2. Using lower die 1 71, anti-drift block 1 72, and anti-drift block 2 73 on support base 7, the position and dimensions are adjusted to the specific shape of the exterior trim, positioning the punched hole to prevent it from shifting during subsequent processing. The device is then activated, and cylinder 4, mounted on longitudinal guide frame 3, begins operating. The drive end 61 connected to the drive end of cylinder 4 then actuates, transmitting power to the concave frame 63 through the mating connection 62, causing it to move downward.
[0023] As the concave frame 63 descends, a buffer 67 positioned between the stop plate 66 and the concave frame 63 comes into play. The bottom end of the fixed rod of the buffer 67 is attached to the top of the stop plate 66 via a nut, and the outer side is slidably connected to the interior of the concave frame 63. A buffer spring between the stop plate 66 and the concave frame 63 is sleeved on the outer side of the fixed rod to buffer the punching pressure. As the concave frame 63 continues to descend, the punch 69 fixed to the bottom of the upper die 68 gradually approaches the exterior trim. The punch 69 matches the contour of the exterior trim's irregular hole and finally cooperates with the pressure block 64 to punch the hole, forming the irregular hole. Waste generated during the punching process falls into the waste recovery hopper 8 provided on the work surface 2, completing the irregular hole forming process. Afterwards, the cylinder 4 drives the punching mechanism 6 to reset, allowing the next exterior trim to be processed to be placed, and the above process repeats, achieving continuous processing.
[0024] When the punch 69 needs to be replaced, the driving column is pressed upward. The driving column moves upward, driving the rough surface column 654 to move upward and contact the upper layer of the inner wall of the transmission chamber, so that the movement of the driving column can be transmitted to the entire threaded nail 652, and when the driving column moves upward, it drives the conical pressure plate 655 to move upward, so that the wedge block 1 656 is not under pressure, and then the gravity of the wedge block 2 657 automatically moves downward to push the wedge block 1 656 into the inside of the threaded nail 652, and at the same time, the reset spring 658 recovers its deformation and drives the insert block 659 to disengage from the slot, and then the driving column is rotated to remove the entire mounting nail 65, so that the pressure block 64 and the punch 69 can be removed from the concave frame 63.
[0025] When installation is required, the installation nail 65 is inserted and the driving column is rotated so that the threaded section of the threaded nail 652 rotates into the bottom of the concave frame 63, and then the driving column is pulled outward so that the rough surface column 654 contacts the lower smooth surface of the transmission cavity, thereby disconnecting the movement of the driving column from the movement of the entire threaded nail 652, and when the driving column moves downward, it drives the conical pressure plate 655 to move downward, thereby generating lateral pressure on the wedge block 1 656, pushing the wedge block 1 656 to move outward and then driving the wedge block 2 657 to move upward, and due to the upward movement of the wedge block 2 657, the insertion block 659 is pushed toward the slot until it is fully inserted into the slot, thereby preventing the vibration generated when the entire device is working from loosening the threaded nail 652.
[0026] A method for forming a large-sized special-shaped hole on the surface of an exterior decorative part, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1 workpiece positioning: by anti-drift block 72 and anti-drift block 73 clamping exterior parts, adjust the position of the lower mold 71 of the support seat 7; S2 power transmission: cylinder 4 drives the transmission end 61 through the docking block 62 drives the concave frame 63 downward; S3 collaborative stamping: the pressure block 64 contacts the workpiece to suppress rebound, the buffer member 67 absorbs the impact, the punch 69 completes the special-shaped hole punching; S4. Waste recovery: The waste falls into the waste recovery bucket 8 of the workbench 2.
[0027] Also includes the punch blade replacement steps: During disassembly: lift the driving rod 653 to make the rough surface column 654 engage the friction surface of the transmission cavity, and rotate the driving rod to drive the screw 652 out; During installation: rotate the screw 652 to the locking position, and press the drive rod 653 downward to insert the insert 659 into the slot and lock it; The downward stroke of the driving rod 653 is 5-8 mm, and the fitting clearance between the insert block 659 and the slot is ≤0.05 mm. During the blanking process, the heating gun 5 sprays high-temperature gas toward the exterior trim to prevent the paint from cracking due to low temperature.
[0028] Punch knife selection: Punch knife 69 is made of tungsten steel alloy (grade YG15), hardness 62±1HRC, and cutting edge profile tolerance ≤0.05mm.
[0029] Springback control: The 64-inch end face of the pressure block is laser engraved with a 0.2mm deep grid pattern (density 20 patterns / cm²), which increases the local deformation of the workpiece by 15%-20% to offset the springback effect.
[0030] Optimize blanking force: Perform segmented force calibration on the contour of punch 69, decompose the irregular hole into arc segments (blanking force coefficient 1.0) and sharp corner segments (coefficient 1.8), and set the graded pressure output of cylinder 4 accordingly.
[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A device for forming large-sized special-shaped holes on the surface of exterior parts, characterized in that: It comprises a bracket (1), a work surface (2) arranged on the bracket (1), a longitudinal guide frame (3) installed on the top of the work surface (2), a cylinder (4) installed on the longitudinal guide frame (3), a heating gun (5) installed on the back side of the longitudinal guide frame (3), a punching mechanism (6) cooperating with the cylinder (4), and a support base (7) arranged on the work surface (2); a waste recovery hopper (8) for collecting waste generated by punching is provided on the work surface (2); The punching mechanism (6) comprises a transmission end (61), a docking block (62), a concave frame (63), a pressing block (64), a mounting pin (65), a limiting plate (66), a buffer (67), an upper die (68) and a punching knife (69), wherein the transmission end (61) is connected to the driving end of the cylinder (4), the docking block (62) is adapted to connect the transmission end (61) and the concave frame (63), the pressing block (64) is installed below the concave frame (63), the mounting pin (65) passes through the pressing block (64) and is connected to the concave frame (63), the buffer (67) is provided between the limiting plate (66) and the concave frame (63), and the punching knife (69) is fixed to the bottom of the upper die (68).
2. The device for forming large-sized irregular holes on the surface of exterior parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting nail (65) comprises a fixing ring (651), a threaded nail (652) is provided inside the fixing ring (651), the threaded nail (652) is divided into a top threaded end and a bottom locking section, the threaded nail (652) is slidably connected to a driving rod (653) inside, the end of the driving rod (653) is fixedly connected to a rough surface column (654), the middle of the driving rod (653) is fixedly connected to a conical pressure plate (655), the locking section of the threaded nail (652) is slidably connected to a plurality of wedge blocks (656), the fixing ring (651) is slidably connected to a plurality of wedge blocks (657), the fixing ring (651) is fixedly connected to a plurality of return springs (658), and the other end of the return spring (658) is connected to an insert (659).
3. The device for forming large-sized irregular holes on the surface of exterior parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: A transmission cavity for supporting the movement of the rough-surface column (654) is provided inside the threaded nail (652). The inner side wall of the transmission cavity is divided into an upper friction surface and a lower smooth surface. The upper friction surface is adapted to the outer rough surface of the rough-surface column (654).
4. The device for forming large-sized irregular holes on the surface of exterior parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The threaded nail (652) and the fixing ring (651) are both provided with a movable cavity, and the wedge block 1 (656), the wedge block 2 (657) and the insert block (659) are all movable inside the movable cavity.
5. The device for forming large-sized irregular holes on the surface of exterior parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer end of the wedge-shaped block 1 (656) contacts the bottom end of the wedge-shaped block 2 (657), and the top end of the wedge-shaped block 2 (657) contacts the outer end of the insert block (659).
6. The device for forming large-sized irregular holes on the surface of exterior parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: A slot is provided at the junction of the fixing ring (651) and the top of the threaded nail (652), and the slot is adapted to the shape of the insert (659).
7. The device for forming large-sized irregular holes on the surface of exterior parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer member (67) includes a fixed rod and a buffer spring. The bottom end of the fixed rod is mounted on the top of the limiting plate (66) through a nut, and the outer side of the fixed rod is slidably connected to the inside of the concave frame (63). A buffer spring is provided between the limiting plate (66) and the concave frame (63), and the buffer spring is sleeved on the outer side of the fixed rod.
8. The device for forming large-sized irregular holes on the surface of exterior parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support seat (7) is provided with a lower die (71), an anti-drift block (72) and an anti-drift block (73); the punch (69) matches the contour of the special-shaped hole of the exterior decoration part, and cooperates with the pressure block (64) to suppress material rebound; the position and size of the lower die (71), the anti-drift block (72) and the anti-drift block (73) of the support seat (7) can be adapted and adjusted according to the specific shape of the exterior decoration part.
9. A method for forming a large-sized irregular hole on the surface of an exterior decorative part, using the device for forming a large-sized irregular hole on the surface of a decorative part according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 workpiece positioning: by anti-drift block one (72) and anti-drift block two (73) clamping the exterior parts, adjust the support seat (7) of the lower mold (71) position; S2 power transmission: the cylinder (4) drives the transmission end (61) through the docking block (62) to drive the concave frame (63) downward; S3. Collaborative stamping: The pressure block (64) contacts the workpiece to suppress rebound, the buffer member (67) absorbs the impact, and the punch (69) completes the special-shaped hole punching; S4. Waste recovery: The waste falls into the waste recovery bucket (8) on the workbench (2).
10. The method for forming large-sized irregular-shaped holes on the surface of an exterior decorative part according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes the punch blade replacement steps: During disassembly: lift the driving rod (653) to make the rough surface column (654) engage the friction surface of the transmission cavity, and rotate the driving rod to drive the screw (652) to withdraw; During installation: rotate the screw (652) to the locking position, press the drive rod (653) downward to insert the insert (659) into the slot and lock it; The driving rod (653) has a downward stroke of 5-8 mm, and the clearance between the insert (659) and the slot is ≤0.05 mm. During the blanking process, a heating gun (5) is used to spray high-temperature gas onto the exterior trim to avoid low temperature and paint cracking. The punching knife (69) is made of tungsten steel alloy with a hardness of 62±1HRC and a cutting edge profile tolerance of ≤0.05mm; The end surface of the pressing block (64) is laser engraved with a 0.2 mm deep grid pattern (density 20 patterns / cm²), which increases the local deformation of the workpiece by 15%-20% and offsets the rebound effect; The contour of the punching cutter (69) is subjected to segmented mechanical modeling, and the special-shaped hole is decomposed into arc segments and sharp corner segments, and the graded pressure output of the cylinder (4) is set accordingly.