Railway freight car collision avoidance device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of anti-collision device technology and discloses an anti-collision device for railway freight cars, including a mounting plate. A motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate, and a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. Detection shells are fixedly connected to both ends of the rotating shaft. A detection lens is installed on the front side of the detection shell, and speed measuring devices are fixedly connected to both sides of the detection shell. A sleeve is fixedly connected to the side of the speed measuring device away from the detection shell. A moving rod is elastically slidably connected to the inner wall of the sleeve, and an anti-collision shell is fixedly connected to the side of the moving rod away from the sleeve. When the device is scraped or impacted, the impact end will hit the anti-collision shell, which will be elastically buffered by the spring on the inner wall of the sleeve, reducing the direct impact on the detection shell and the speed measuring device, thereby protecting the safety of the device itself. This invention can effectively reduce the impact of the device on external objects and improve the safety and reliability of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anti-collision device technology, specifically to an anti-collision device for railway freight cars. Background Technology

[0002] In the modern logistics system, railway freight has advantages such as large capacity, low cost and high safety. However, the issue of train safety is becoming increasingly prominent. Once a train collision occurs, it will not only cause damage to goods and train equipment, but may also cause casualties.

[0003] Patent CN206317830U discloses a railway freight car anti-collision device, including an anti-collision frame, a limiting baffle, and a baffle fixing rib. The anti-collision frame includes a first impact channel steel and two second impact channel steels. One end of each of the two second impact channel steels is vertically fixed to both ends of the first impact channel steel, and the other end of each second impact channel steel is provided with a limiting protrusion. The limiting baffle is fixed to one end of the baffle fixing rib, which prevents the device from rotating. The other end of the baffle fixing rib is also fixed to the first impact channel steel. The second impact channel steels and the baffle fixing rib are both located on the same side of the first impact channel steel. This patent aims to solve the problem of damage to the end walls and accessories on the end walls caused by collisions between vehicles during vehicle movement. While this patent falls under the field of vehicle protection, the device tends to cause rapid deceleration during collisions, making it difficult to guarantee the protective performance of the equipment. Therefore, a railway freight car anti-collision device is proposed to address the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a railway freight car anti-collision device to address the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a railway freight car anti-collision device, including a mounting plate, a motor fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate, a rotating shaft fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, detection shells fixedly connected to both ends of the rotating shaft, a detection lens mounted on the front side of the detection shell, a top shell fixedly connected to the top of the detection shell, speed measuring devices fixedly connected to both sides of the detection shell, a sleeve fixedly connected to the side of the speed measuring device away from the detection shell, a movable rod elastically slidably connected to the inner wall of the sleeve, and an anti-collision shell fixedly connected to the side of the movable rod away from the sleeve. When the device is scraped or impacted, the impact end will hit the anti-collision shell, which will be elastically buffered by the spring on the inner wall of the sleeve, reducing the direct impact on the detection shell and the speed measuring device, thereby protecting the safety of the device itself. It can effectively reduce the impact of the device on external objects, improve the safety and reliability of the device, and has good energy absorption performance, which can reduce environmental pollution and reduce energy consumption. A movable block is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the movable rod, and elastic telescopic rods are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the movable block. The inner wall of the telescopic rod is rotatably connected to a pulley. A protruding rod is fixedly connected to the side of the speed measuring device away from the detection shell. Anti-collision shells are fixedly connected to both sides of the detection shell, and a sliding rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of each anti-collision shell. While the anti-collision shell buffers external forces, it also dampens the moving rod via the protruding rod and the moving block, thereby further improving the anti-collision effect of the equipment. Upon impact, it absorbs some of the impact potential energy and reduces energy transfer through damping, thus significantly reducing vibration and noise generated during impact and improving the stability and comfort of the equipment operation. The front side of the detection shell is provided with a protective mechanism for protecting the equipment. The inner wall of the protective mechanism is provided with an anti-loosening mechanism to prevent loosening during protection. The circumferential surface of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate. The moving block is in contact with the inner wall of the casing. The circumferential surface of the pulley is in contact with the side of the protruding rod near the casing, and the pulley moves on the movement trajectory of the protruding rod. The moving block is in contact with the side of the speed measuring device away from the detection shell. The front side of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the rear side of the anti-collision shell. The anti-collision shell is protected by an inner wall spring of the casing.

[0006] Preferably, the protection mechanism includes a positioning block, a bidirectional threaded rod rotatably connected to the inner wall of the positioning block, a protective shell threaded to the circumferential surface of the bidirectional threaded rod, gears fixedly connected to both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod, a rack fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding rod, and a sliding track fixedly connected to the front side of the detection shell. When the anti-collision shell retracts, the sliding rod drives the protective shell to protect the detection lens, absorbing part of the impact force, thereby reducing direct damage to the detection lens itself, further maintaining the detection lens, thus extending its lifespan and improving the protective effect of the equipment; a rotating rod rotatably connected to the rear side of the mounting plate, a connecting rod fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the rotating rod, a scraper hinged to the top of the connecting rod, and a C-shaped rod fixedly connected to the rear side of the detection shell. When the equipment is in use, the internal... The heat generated will be dissipated through the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell. The rotating rod then drives the scraper to clean the heat dissipation holes, preventing the accumulation of dust and debris from obstructing airflow and thus improving heat dissipation efficiency. This results in better detection performance and extends the overall lifespan of the equipment. The rear side of the positioning block is fixedly connected to the front side of the detection shell. The circumferential surface of the gear meshes with the bottom of the rack, and the rack moves along the gear's trajectory. The rear side of the protective shell contacts the front side of the detection shell and is in contact with the inner wall of the sliding track. The protective shell moves within the groove of the sliding track and protects the detection lens in case of impact. The front side of the scraper contacts the rear side of the detection shell, and the inner wall of the C-shaped rod contacts the scraper, which moves along the inner groove of the C-shaped rod.

[0007] Preferably, the anti-loosening mechanism includes a sliding column, a locking block fixedly connected to the front side of the sliding column, and a buckle fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding track. When the protective shell protects the inspection lens, the protective shell drives the locking block to cooperate with the buckle to self-lock the protective shell, preventing the protective shell from loosening when protecting the inspection lens. This prevents accidental detachment and ensures that the protective cover is always firmly fixed to the lens during use, thus providing more comprehensive protection and preventing frequent loosening during use, thereby reducing the frequency of replacement and adjustment and lowering the difficulty of maintenance. A fixing block is fixedly connected to the rear side of the scraper, and the inner wall of the fixing block is rotatably connected to a striking mechanism via a torsion spring. The plate has an arc rod fixedly connected to the rear side of the detection shell. While cleaning the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell, the scraper drives the tapping plate to gently tap the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell. The gentle tapping can loosen and remove dust or debris from the surface of the heat dissipation holes, preventing them from becoming clogged and obstructing airflow during long-term use, thus affecting heat dissipation efficiency and further improving the overall drying efficiency of the equipment, making the equipment operation more stable. The circumferential surface of the sliding column is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bidirectional threaded rod through a tension spring. The locking block moves on the movement trajectory of the latch, and the tapping end of the tapping plate contacts the rear side of the detection shell, and the tapping plate moves on the movement trajectory of the arc rod.

[0008] The present invention, by adopting the above technical solution, can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0009] 1. This railway freight car anti-collision device, through the coordinated operation of a mounting plate, axle, detection shell, detection lens, speed measuring device, top shell, sleeve shell, moving rod, anti-collision shell, sliding rod, moving block, elastic telescopic rod, pulley, and protruding rod, when the equipment is scraped or impacted, the impact end will hit the anti-collision shell, which will be elastically buffered by the spring on the inner wall of the sleeve shell, reducing the direct impact on the detection shell and speed measuring device, thereby protecting the safety of the equipment itself. It can effectively reduce the impact of the equipment on external objects, improve the safety and reliability of the equipment, and has good energy absorption performance, which can reduce environmental pollution and reduce energy consumption. While the anti-collision shell buffers the external force, the moving rod is driven by the protruding rod and the moving block to dampen, thereby further improving the anti-collision effect of the equipment. When impacted, it will absorb part of the impact potential energy and reduce energy transfer through damping, thereby significantly reducing the vibration and noise generated during the impact process, and improving the stability and comfort of the equipment operation.

[0010] 2. This railway freight car anti-collision device, through the coordinated operation of positioning blocks, bidirectional threaded rods, gears, racks, protective shells, and sliding rails, allows the sliding rod to drive the protective shell to protect the detection lens when the anti-collision shell retracts. This absorbs part of the impact force, thereby reducing direct damage to the detection lens itself, further maintaining the detection lens, extending its lifespan, and improving the protective effect of the equipment.

[0011] 3. This railway freight car anti-collision device, through the coordinated operation of the rotating rod, connecting rod, scraper, and C-shaped rod, allows the heat inside the equipment to be dissipated through the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection housing when the equipment is in use. The rotating rod then drives the scraper to move and clean the heat dissipation holes, preventing the accumulation of dust and debris from obstructing airflow and thus improving heat dissipation efficiency. This results in better detection performance during use and extends the overall service life of the equipment.

[0012] 4. This railway freight car anti-collision device, through the coordinated operation of sliding column, locking block, and buckle, ensures that while the protective shell protects the inspection lens, the protective shell drives the locking block to lock itself in place with the buckle, preventing the protective shell from loosening when protecting the inspection lens. This prevents accidental detachment and ensures that the protective cover is always firmly fixed to the lens during use, thus providing more comprehensive protection, preventing frequent loosening during use, reducing the frequency of replacement and adjustment, and lowering the difficulty of maintenance.

[0013] 5. This railway freight car anti-collision device, through the coordinated operation of the striking plate, the fixing block, and the arc rod, cleans the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell while the scraper rod drives the striking plate to gently tap the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell. The gentle tapping can loosen and remove dust or debris from the surface of the heat dissipation holes, preventing the heat dissipation holes from becoming clogged and obstructing airflow during long-term use, thereby affecting the heat dissipation efficiency and further improving the overall drying efficiency of the equipment, making the equipment operation more stable. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-collision shell structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the speed measuring device of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the protective shell structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the middle;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the scraper structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the card block structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the striking plate structure of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Mounting plate; 2. Rotating shaft; 3. Detection shell; 4. Detection lens; 5. Speed ​​measuring device; 6. Top shell; 7. Protective mechanism; 71. Positioning block; 72. Bidirectional threaded rod; 73. Gear; 74. Rack; 75. Protective shell; 76. Sliding rail; 77. Rotating rod; 78. Connecting rod; 79. Scraper rod; 710. C-shaped rod; 8. Anti-loosening mechanism; 81. Sliding column; 82. Locking block; 83. Buckle; 84. Striking plate; 85. Fixing block; 86. Arc rod; 9. Sleeve; 10. Moving rod; 11. Anti-collision shell; 12. Sliding rod; 13. Moving block; 14. Elastic telescopic rod; 15. Pulley; 16. Protruding rod. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Please see Figures 1-9 One embodiment of the present invention is: a railway freight car anti-collision device, including a mounting plate 1, a motor fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate 1, a rotating shaft 2 fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, detection shells 3 fixedly connected to both ends of the rotating shaft 2, a detection lens 4 installed on the front side of the detection shell 3, a top shell 6 fixedly connected to the top of the detection shell 3, speed measuring devices 5 fixedly connected to both sides of the detection shell 3, a sleeve 9 fixedly connected to the side of the speed measuring device 5 away from the detection shell 3, a moving rod 10 elastically slidingly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve 9, and an anti-collision shell 11 fixedly connected to the side of the moving rod 10 away from the sleeve 9;

[0026] First, the staff manually installs the mounting plate 1 onto both sides of the railway. At this time, the equipment can monitor the railway through the detection lens 4 on the detection shell 3, and at the same time, it can measure the speed of freight cars through the speed measuring devices 5 on both sides of the detection shell 3. When the freight car scrapes or collides with the equipment, the impact end will hit the front of the anti-collision shell 11. At this time, the anti-collision shell 11 will be subjected to the impact force and thus retract and move backward. The anti-collision shell 11 drives the moving rod 10 to move. The moving rod 10 will be elastically buffered by the spring on the inner wall of the shell 9, so that the anti-collision shell 11 can elastically buffer the impact force, thereby buffering and protecting the detection shell 3, reducing the direct impact on the detection shell 3 and the speed measuring device 5, thus protecting the safety of the equipment itself. It can effectively reduce the impact of the equipment on external objects, improve the safety and reliability of the equipment, and has good energy absorption performance, which can reduce environmental pollution and reduce energy consumption.

[0027] A movable block 13 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the movable rod 10. Elastic telescopic rods 14 are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the movable block 13. A pulley 15 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the elastic telescopic rod 14. A protruding rod 16 is fixedly connected to the side of the speed measuring device 5 away from the detection housing 3. Anti-collision shells 11 are fixedly connected to both sides of the detection housing 3. A sliding rod 12 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the anti-collision shell 11. A protective mechanism 7 for protecting the equipment is provided on the front side of the detection housing 3. The inner wall of the protective mechanism 7 is provided with useful... The anti-loosening mechanism 8 is used to prevent loosening during protection; the circumferential surface of the rotating shaft 2 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate 1, the moving block 13 is in contact with the inner wall of the housing 9, the circumferential surface of the pulley 15 is in contact with the side of the protruding rod 16 near the housing 9, and the pulley 15 moves on the movement trajectory of the protruding rod 16, the moving block 13 is in contact with the side of the speed measuring device 5 away from the detection shell 3, the front side of the sliding rod 12 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the anti-collision shell 11, and the anti-collision shell 11 is protected by the inner wall spring of the housing 9.

[0028] While the anti-collision shell 11 buffers external forces, the movement of the moving rod 10 will drive the moving block 13 to move. The moving block 13 will drive the elastic telescopic rod 14 to move. The movement of the elastic telescopic rod 14 will drive the pulley 15 to move through the elastic telescopic end. When the pulley 15 moves, it will contact the top of the protrusion 16. When the pulley 15 contacts the protrusion at the top of the protrusion 16, it will drive the elastic telescopic rod 14 to elastically contract. The elastic contraction of the elastic telescopic rod 14 will dampen the moving block 13. The moving block 13 will drive the moving rod 10 to dampen. The moving rod 10 will drive the anti-collision shell 11 to dampen, thereby further improving the anti-collision effect of the equipment. When impacted, it will absorb some of the impact potential energy and reduce energy transfer through damping, thereby significantly reducing the vibration and noise generated during the impact and improving the stability and comfort of the equipment operation.

[0029] Working principle: When the equipment is scraped or hit, the impact end will hit the anti-collision shell 11 and be elastically buffered by the spring on the inner wall of the shell 9, reducing the direct impact on the detection shell 3 and the speed measuring device 5, thereby protecting the safety of the equipment itself. It can effectively reduce the impact of the equipment on external objects and improve the safety and reliability of the equipment. While the anti-collision shell 11 buffers the external force, it drives the moving rod 10 to perform damping through the protruding rod 16 and the moving block 13, thereby further improving the anti-collision effect of the equipment and improving the stability and comfort of the equipment operation.

[0030] Please see Figures 1-9 Based on the above embodiments, in another embodiment of the present invention, the protection mechanism 7 includes a positioning block 71, a bidirectional threaded rod 72 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the positioning block 71, a protective shell 75 threadedly connected to the circumferential surface of the bidirectional threaded rod 72, gears 73 fixedly connected to both ends of the bidirectional threaded rod 72, a rack 74 fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding rod 12, and a sliding track 76 fixedly connected to the front side of the detection shell 3.

[0031] When the anti-collision shell 11 retracts, it drives the sliding rod 12 to move, which in turn drives the rack 74 to move. The rack 74 then meshes with the circumferential surface of the gear 73 at its bottom, causing the gear 73 to rotate. The rotation of the gear 73 then drives the bidirectional threaded rod 72 to rotate. The rotation of the bidirectional threaded rod 72, through the threaded groove on its circumferential surface, causes the protective shell 75 to move closer to the center. This allows the protective shell 75 to protect the detection lens 4, absorbing some of the impact force and reducing direct damage to the detection lens 4 itself. This further maintains the detection lens 4, extending its lifespan and improving the protective effect of the equipment.

[0032] A rotating rod 77 is rotatably connected to the rear side of the mounting plate 1. A connecting rod 78 is fixedly connected to the circumferential surface of the rotating rod 77. A scraper 79 is hinged to the top of the connecting rod 78. A C-shaped rod 710 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the detection shell 3. The rear side of the positioning block 71 is fixedly connected to the front side of the detection shell 3. The circumferential surface of the gear 73 meshes with the bottom of the rack 74, and the rack 74 moves on the movement trajectory of the gear 73. The rear side of the protective shell 75 contacts the front side of the detection shell 3. The protective shell 75 contacts the inner wall of the sliding track 76, and the protective shell 75 moves in the groove of the sliding track 76. The protective shell 75 is used to protect the detection lens 4 in case of impact. The front side of the scraper 79 contacts the rear side of the detection shell 3. The inner wall of the C-shaped rod 710 contacts the scraper 79, and the scraper 79 will move along the inner wall groove of the C-shaped rod 710.

[0033] When the equipment is in use, the heat inside the equipment is dissipated through the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection housing 3. When the angle of the detection housing 3 needs to be adjusted, the rotation of the detection housing 3 will drive the rotation rod 77 to rotate through the hinge of the rotating rod 77 and the mounting plate 1. The connecting rod 78 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 77, thereby driving the connecting rod 78 to move. At this time, the connecting rod 78 will drive the scraper 79 to move through the hinge point. The movement of the scraper 79 will clean the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection housing 3, avoiding the accumulation of dust and debris that would obstruct airflow and reduce heat dissipation efficiency. This makes the detection effect of the equipment better during use and improves the overall service life of the equipment.

[0034] Working principle: When the anti-collision shell 11 retracts, the sliding rod 12 drives the protective shell 75 to protect the detection lens 4, which can absorb part of the impact force and improve the protective effect of the equipment. When the equipment is in use, the heat inside the equipment will be dissipated through the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the detection shell 3. Then, the rotating rod 77 drives the scraper 79 to move and clean the heat dissipation holes, which avoids the accumulation of dust and debris from hindering air circulation and improves the overall service life of the equipment.

[0035] The anti-loosening mechanism 8 includes a sliding column 81, a locking block 82 fixedly connected to the front side of the sliding column 81, and a buckle 83 fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding track 76.

[0036] While the protective shell 75 protects the inspection lens 4, it converges towards the center, causing the sliding column 81 to move. The sliding column 81 then moves the locking block 82. The locking block 82 moves and contacts the rear inclined surface of the buckle 83 through the front inclined surface, thus moving the locking block 82. When the locking block 82 enters the inner wall of the buckle 83, it is reset by the tension spring between the sliding column 81 and the protective shell 75. This allows the locking block 82 to lock the protective shell 75 in conjunction with the buckle 83, preventing the protective shell 75 from loosening when protecting the inspection lens 4. This prevents accidental detachment and ensures that the protective shell is always firmly fixed to the lens during use, thus providing more comprehensive protection and preventing frequent loosening during use. This reduces the frequency of replacement and adjustment, and lowers the difficulty of maintenance.

[0037] A fixing block 85 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the scraper 79. The inner wall of the fixing block 85 is rotatably connected to a striking plate 84 via a torsion spring. An arc rod 86 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the detection shell 3. The circumferential surface of the sliding column 81 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bidirectional threaded rod 72 via a tension spring. The locking block 82 moves on the movement trajectory of the buckle 83. The striking end of the striking plate 84 contacts the rear side of the detection shell 3, and the striking plate 84 moves on the movement trajectory of the arc rod 86.

[0038] While cleaning the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the test shell 3, the scraper 79 moves, causing the fixing block 85 to move. The fixing block 85 then moves the tapping plate 84. The tapping plate 84 moves and contacts the arc surface of the arc rod 86 through the inclined surface of the tapping end, thereby causing the tapping plate 84 to rotate. When the tapping plate 84 leaves the arc rod 86, it will be reset by the torsion spring between it and the fixing block 85, thus gently tapping the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the test shell 3. This gentle tapping can loosen and remove dust or debris from the surface of the heat dissipation holes, preventing them from becoming clogged and obstructing airflow during long-term use, which would affect the heat dissipation efficiency. This further improves the overall drying efficiency of the equipment and makes the equipment operate more stably.

[0039] Working principle: While the protective shell 75 protects the inspection lens 4, the protective shell 75 drives the locking block 82 to cooperate with the buckle 83 to lock the protective shell 75, preventing the protective shell 75 from loosening when protecting the inspection lens 4, preventing accidental fall-off, and ensuring that the protective shell is always firmly fixed to the lens during use, thus providing more comprehensive protection; while cleaning the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the inspection shell 3, the scraper 79 drives the tapping plate 84 to gently tap the heat dissipation holes on the rear side of the inspection shell 3. The gentle tapping can loosen and remove dust or debris from the surface of the heat dissipation holes, making the equipment operate more stably.

[0040] This invention provides a railway freight car anti-collision device. Many methods and approaches exist for implementing this technical solution; the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of this invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention. All components not explicitly stated in this embodiment can be implemented using existing technology.

Claims

1. A railway freight car anti-collision device comprising a mounting plate (1), characterized in that: A motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate (1), and a rotating shaft (2) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. Detection shells (3) are fixedly connected to both ends of the rotating shaft (2). A detection lens (4) is installed on the front side of the detection shell (3). A top shell (6) is fixedly connected to the top of the detection shell (3). Speed ​​measuring devices (5) are fixedly connected to both sides of the detection shell (3). A sleeve (9) is fixedly connected to the side of the speed measuring device (5) away from the detection shell (3). A moving rod (10) is elastically slidably connected to the inner wall of the sleeve (9). A shock-absorbing shell (11) is fixedly connected to the side of the rod (10) away from the casing (9). A moving block (13) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the moving rod (10). An elastic telescopic rod (14) is fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the moving block (13). A pulley (15) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the elastic telescopic rod (14). A protruding rod (16) is fixedly connected to the side of the speed measuring device (5) away from the detection shell (3). A shock-absorbing shell (11) is fixedly connected to both sides of the detection shell (3). A sliding rod (12) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the shock-absorbing shell (11). The front side of the detection shell (3) is provided with a protective mechanism (7) for protecting the equipment. The inner wall of the protective mechanism (7) is provided with an anti-loosening mechanism (8) to prevent loosening during protection. The protective mechanism (7) includes a positioning block (71). The inner wall of the positioning block (71) is rotatably connected to a bidirectional threaded rod (72). The circumferential surface of the bidirectional threaded rod (72) is threadedly connected to a protective shell (75). The two ends of the bidirectional threaded rod (72) are fixedly connected to gears (73). The bottom of the sliding rod (12) is fixedly connected to a rack (74). The front side of the detection shell (3) is fixedly connected to a sliding rail (76). The rear side of the mounting plate (1) is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (77). The circumferential surface of the rotating rod (77) is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (78). The top of the connecting rod (78) is hinged to a scraper (79). The rear side of the detection shell (3) is fixedly connected to a C-shaped rod (710), the rear side of the positioning block (71) is fixedly connected to the front side of the detection shell (3), the circumferential surface of the gear (73) meshes with the bottom of the rack (74), and the rack (74) moves on the movement trajectory of the gear (73). The rear side of the protective shell (75) contacts the front side of the detection shell (3), the protective shell (75) contacts the inner wall of the sliding track (76), and the protective shell (75) moves in the groove of the sliding track (76). The protective shell (75) is used to protect the detection lens (4) when impacted. The front side of the scraper (79) contacts the rear side of the detection shell (3), the inner wall of the C-shaped rod (710) contacts the scraper (79), and the scraper (79) will move along the inner wall groove of the C-shaped rod (710).

2. A railway freight car crash prevention device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumferential surface of the rotating shaft (2) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting plate (1), the moving block (13) is in contact with the inner wall of the casing (9), the circumferential surface of the pulley (15) is in contact with the side of the protruding rod (16) near the casing (9), and the pulley (15) moves on the movement trajectory of the protruding rod (16). The moving block (13) is in contact with the side of the speed measuring device (5) away from the detection shell (3). The front side of the sliding rod (12) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the anti-collision shell (11), and the anti-collision shell (11) is protected by the inner wall spring of the casing (9).

3. A railway freight car crash prevention device according to claim 2, wherein: The anti-loosening mechanism (8) includes a sliding column (81), a locking block (82) is fixedly connected to the front side of the sliding column (81), and a buckle (83) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding track (76).

4. A railway freight car anti-collision device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A fixing block (85) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the scraper (79), and a striking plate (84) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixing block (85) via a torsion spring. An arc rod (86) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the detection shell (3).

5. A railway freight car anti-collision device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The circumferential surface of the sliding column (81) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the bidirectional threaded rod (72) by a tension spring. The locking block (82) moves on the movement trajectory of the buckle (83). The striking end of the striking plate (84) contacts the rear side of the detection shell (3), and the striking plate (84) moves on the movement trajectory of the arc rod (86).

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