Roadbed pressing mechanism for unmanned road roller and operation method of roadbed pressing mechanism

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of roadbed construction, in particular to a roadbed pressing mechanism for an unmanned road roller and an operation method of the roadbed pressing mechanism. The pressing mechanism comprises a rack, a vibration steel wheel, a transverse detection mechanism, a U-shaped swing frame, a flattening roller and a master control box, the rack is used for being connected with the unmanned road roller, and the master control box is fixedly installed on the rack and used for controlling the whole mechanism; the vibrating steel wheel, the U-shaped swing frame and the flattening roller are all located in a frame body of the machine frame, the vibrating steel wheel is rotationally installed on the side, away from the connecting arm, of the machine frame through a bearing seat, the U-shaped swing frame is installed on the side, close to the connecting arm, of the machine frame, and the flattening roller is installed in the U-shaped swing frame. The transverse detection mechanism is installed on the rack and used for detecting the transverse levelness of the roadbed. The vibration-static pressure dual-mode cooperative enhanced compaction technology is adopted, through sequential cooperative operation of the vibration steel wheels and the flattening rollers, the roadbed flattening quality is improved, and flattening control over the gradient of the roadbed and detection on the flattening degree can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of roadbed construction, and in particular to a roadbed compaction mechanism for an unmanned road roller and an operating method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of the rapid development of intelligent construction and smart transportation technologies, unmanned rollers, as core equipment for digital infrastructure construction, have a compaction mechanism whose performance is directly related to the control accuracy of roadbed compaction, flatness, and slope, thereby affecting the service quality of projects such as railways and highways. However, the compaction operation of traditional manually driven rollers has significant technical bottlenecks: operators only control the downward pressure of the rollers by manually adjusting the hydraulic pressure valve (accuracy ±0.5MPa), but are unable to coordinate the management of the travel speed (random fluctuations of 2-4km / h) and vibration frequency (empirical setting of 25-30Hz), resulting in a standard deviation of roadbed density as high as 8%-12%, far exceeding the standard requirement of ≤5% for high-speed railways; in terms of flatness control, they rely on "visual indentation reflection - manual estimation of deviation - manual correction". The hysteresis control mode has a delay of 3-5 seconds from detection to response, resulting in 6-8 undulations with a wavelength of 2-3m per 100 meters of roadbed, and the measured flatness error is ±4.2mm; and the slope adjustment requires the pre-fixation of the roller inclination angle (resolution ±1°) through a mechanical limit device, and goes through a discrete process of "pressure test-manual measurement-repeated adjustment". A single calibration takes 15 minutes and cannot be dynamically tracked, resulting in a slope angle deviation of ±1.5°, which is far lower than the strict standard of ±0.5° for water conservancy projects.

[0003] A deeper technical contradiction lies in the fundamental conflict between traditional manual control and the demands of unmanned operations. The 3-5 second response cycle of manual adjustments is two orders of magnitude different from the 100ms real-time control frequency of unmanned systems. Separate offline detection equipment struggles to establish a continuous spatial state perception network, while rigid mechanical limiters and manual hydraulic valves are unable to achieve continuous and precise adjustment of roller inclination (0-15°) and downforce (20-400kN). These shortcomings render existing manual control systems incapable of meeting the ±2mm high-precision construction requirements of high-speed railways, and even more so, unsuitable for the closed-loop control requirements of unmanned rollers exceeding 10 cycles per second.

[0004] Faced with the urgent need for millimeter-level precision in intelligent construction, there is an urgent need to overcome the technical barriers of traditional road rollers in perception, decision-making, and execution. By developing intelligent road rollers with integrated multimodal perception and high dynamic response characteristics, and reconstructing the "detection-control-feedback" technology chain, we can achieve the transition from discrete empirical judgment to continuous quantitative control in roadbed road roller operations, providing key technical support for the engineering application of unmanned road rollers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller. When used in conjunction with an unmanned roller, the leveling mechanism can achieve a combination of vibration leveling and static pressure to improve the quality of roadbed leveling.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a roadbed leveling and compacting mechanism for an unmanned roller, the leveling and compacting mechanism comprising a frame, a vibrating steel wheel, a lateral detection mechanism, a U-shaped swing frame, a flattening roller and a main control box, one end of the frame is symmetrically provided with a connecting arm that is docked with the unmanned roller, the main control box is fixedly mounted on the frame for controlling the entire mechanism; the vibrating steel wheel, the U-shaped swing frame and the flattening roller are all located in the frame of the frame, the vibrating steel wheel is rotatably mounted on the side of the frame away from the connecting arm through a bearing seat, the U-shaped swing frame is mounted on the side of the frame adjacent to the connecting arm, A transmission shaft is rotatably installed on the middle part of one side of the frame near the connecting arm. The U-shaped swing frame is fixedly installed on one end of the transmission shaft. Two sets of suspension mechanisms are symmetrically installed on the U-shaped swing frame. The flattening roller is installed on the two sets of suspension mechanisms, and the flattening roller and the vibrating steel wheel are parallel to each other; the lateral detection mechanism is installed on the frame for detecting the lateral levelness of the roadbed, and the lateral detection mechanism is located between the vibrating steel wheel and the flattening roller. The frame is also equipped with an adjustment component that drives the transmission shaft to rotate and thereby realizes roadbed slope control. The lateral detection mechanism and the adjustment component are electrically connected to the main control box.

[0007] The better technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the lateral detection mechanism includes a guide rod fixed on the frame, a sliding frame slidably installed on the guide rod and a driving mechanism for driving the sliding frame to slide along the guide rod, the guide rod is arranged parallel to the vibrating steel wheel, and the first hydraulic rod is symmetrically installed on the sliding frame, and the bottom end of the first hydraulic rod is fixedly installed with a suspension frame, and the horizontal plate of the suspension frame is respectively embedded with a laser elevation sensor and an ultrasonic elevation sensor, and the driving mechanism, laser elevation sensor and ultrasonic elevation sensor are all electrically connected to the main control box.

[0008] The better technical solution of the present invention is: two groups of suspension mechanisms are symmetrically installed at the ends of the two parallel arms of the U-shaped swing frame, and slide grooves are symmetrically opened at the ends of the two parallel arms of the U-shaped swing frame; each group of suspension mechanisms includes a lifting block and a second hydraulic rod, the lifting block is slidably installed in the slide groove on the corresponding side, and the lifting block is equipped with a bearing for rotationally connecting to the flattening roller, the second hydraulic rod is fixedly installed at the top of the slide groove, its piston end extends into the slide groove and is fixedly connected to the lifting block, and the second hydraulic rod is electrically connected to the main control box.

[0009] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the adjusting assembly includes a worm gear, a worm and a rotating motor, the worm gear is fixedly sleeved on the other end of the transmission shaft, the worm gear is rotatably mounted on the frame, the worm is engaged with the worm gear, the rotating motor is fixedly mounted on the frame, and its output shaft is connected to the worm gear. An inclination sensor is fixedly mounted at the end face center of the transmission shaft, and the rotating motor and the inclination sensor are electrically connected to the main control box.

[0010] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a scraper is rotatably mounted on the frame in front of the vibrating steel wheel, connecting springs are fixedly mounted on both ends of the scraper facing the vibrating steel wheel, and the connecting springs are fixedly connected to the frame away from the scraper.

[0011] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the driving mechanism includes a driving motor and a lead screw rotatably mounted on the frame, two guide rods are provided, which are arranged parallel to the upper and lower sides of the lead screw, the driving motor is fixed to the side of the frame, and its output shaft is connected to the lead screw; a threaded through hole is provided on the sliding frame for threaded connection with the lead screw, the sliding frame is threadedly connected to the lead screw, and is slidably connected to the two guide rods; the driving motor is electrically connected to the main control box.

[0012] A better technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a pressure roller is rotatably installed at the bottom of the suspension frame, two movable rods are inserted on the suspension frame, the pressure roller is rotatably installed between the two movable rods, and both of the movable rods are provided with a return spring, the top end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the suspension frame, and the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to one side of the bottom end of the movable rod.

[0013] A better technical solution of the present invention: the adjustment component also includes a third hydraulic rod, the third hydraulic rod is fixedly installed on the frame, and the telescopic end of the third hydraulic rod is fixedly installed with a limiting sleeve, and the limiting sleeve is provided with a limiting hole that is inserted into the worm at one end facing the worm, the limiting hole is trumpet-shaped, and a rubber sleeve is pasted on the inner wall of the limiting hole; the end of the worm away from the rotating motor is inserted into the limiting hole; the third hydraulic rod is electrically connected to the main control box.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for operating the roadbed leveling mechanism for the unmanned roller, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1, preliminary compaction, connect the frame to the unmanned roller travel equipment using the connecting arm, and control the vibrating steel wheel through the main control box to perform preliminary compaction on the unmanned roller according to the set compaction route;

[0016] S2. After completing the initial compaction in step S1, the roadbed is compacted again along the set route using the vibrating steel wheel and the flattening roller. During the secondary compaction, the adjustment component drives the transmission shaft to drive the U-shaped swing frame to flip, thereby adjusting the compaction angle of the flattening roller so that the compaction of the roadbed reaches the set slope, completing the roadbed slope control compaction.

[0017] S3. After completing the secondary compaction in step S2, start the transverse detection mechanism to detect the flatness of the compacted roadbed, and feed back the detection data to the main control box. The main control box uploads the roadbed flatness data to the terminal based on the feedback data, and then re-compacts the roadbed where the compaction does not meet the standards based on the feedback data. Repeat S1 and S2 during re-compacting. After re-compacting, perform compaction detection again until the roadbed leveling meets the standards.

[0018] A further technical solution of the present invention is as follows: during the initial pressing in step S1, the suspension mechanism is controlled to drive the flattening roller to lift upward and away from the roadbed surface, so that the vibrating steel wheel contacts the roadbed surface. During the initial pressing process, the flattening roller does not participate in the flattening work, and the vibrating steel wheel starts the high-frequency vibration function, and uses the exciting force to make the roadbed material particles embed with each other, thereby realizing the initial vibration leveling operation; during the secondary pressing in step S2, the suspension mechanism is controlled to drive the flattening roller to move downward and contact the roadbed surface, forming a double-roller collaborative operation mode of the vibrating steel wheel and the flattening roller.

[0019] Compared with related technologies, the roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller and the operating method thereof provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention adopts the vibration-static pressure dual-mode synergistic enhanced compaction technology. By arranging a vibrating steel wheel and a flattening roller on a frame, the vibration is first used to fill the gaps between the roadbeds. Then, the static flattening roller is combined with the vibration to compact the roadbed and improve the quality of the roadbed leveling.

[0021] 2. The present invention adopts a composite compaction structure of "high-frequency vibration + gradient pressure stabilization". Through the timed collaborative operation of the vibrating steel wheel (excitation frequency 25-50Hz, steplessly adjustable) and the flattening roller (contact pressure 20-400kN, precisely controllable), the process defects of traditional single-modal compaction are overcome; the vibrating steel wheel adopts traveling wave excitation technology to increase the three-dimensional rearrangement density of the aggregate to more than 95%; the flattening roller integrates a gravity-hydraulic composite pressure system, combined with a surface corrugation self-compensation algorithm, to eliminate residual micro-deformation caused by vibration, and achieve an ultra-precision machining interface with a flatness of ≤±1.5mm, which improves the compaction uniformity by 2.8 times compared with manual operation.

[0022] 3. This invention utilizes a real-time slope-leveling technology based on the dynamic response of a U-shaped swing frame. By mounting the flattening roller on the U-shaped swing frame using a suspension mechanism, the U-shaped swing frame utilizes a drive shaft and adjustment assembly to achieve roadbed slope leveling control. This innovative design overcomes the rigid constraints of mechanically limited slope control by linking the U-shaped swing frame with a servo drive shaft. A lateral detection mechanism acquires real-time roadbed slope data, driving a high-torque servo motor (continuous adjustment from 0-15°, with an angular resolution of 0.05°) to dynamically adjust the flattening roller's spatial position within 100ms. This technology achieves slope angle control accuracy of ±0.3°, a five-fold improvement over traditional manual adjustment, meeting the ±0.5° standard for roadbed projects and supporting dynamic tracking and correction of slopes during construction.

[0023] 4. This invention utilizes a multi-sensor fusion intelligent leveling closed-loop system: It integrates a laser elevation sensor (0.1mm resolution), an ultrasonic array (1kHz sampling frequency), and a roller force feedback unit to create a holographic perception network for roadbed quality. A lateral detection mechanism, driven by a lead screw, achieves lateral scanning (with a movement accuracy of ±0.2mm), generating a 3D point cloud model of the roadbed in real time. When a local elevation deviation exceeding a threshold is detected, a digital hydraulic system (response time ≤50ms) drives the rollers to apply millimeter-level pressure compensation, achieving a single-cycle closed-loop "detection-leveling" operation. This system has increased the roadbed flatness qualification rate from 78% to 98%, while reducing the secondary rework rate by 90%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A structural diagram of another perspective of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a horizontal detection mechanism installed on the frame provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of the lateral detection mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of the sliding frame provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a flattening roller installed on a U-shaped swing frame provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of another perspective of a flattening roller installed on a U-shaped swing frame provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of a limiting sleeve installed on the hydraulic rod provided by the present invention.

[0032] Numbers in the figure: 1. Frame; 11. Connecting arm; 2. Vibrating steel wheel; 21. Scraper; 22. Connecting spring; 3. Transverse detection mechanism; 31. Guide rod; 32. Sliding frame; 33. First hydraulic rod; 34. Suspension frame; 341. Movable rod; 342. Pressure roller; 343. Reset spring; 35. Laser height sensor; 36. Ultrasonic height sensor; 37. Lead screw; 38. Drive motor; 4. Transmission shaft; 5. U-shaped swing frame; 501. Slide; 6. Suspension mechanism; 61. Lifting block; 62. Second hydraulic rod; 7. Flattening roller; 8. Adjustment assembly; 81. Worm gear; 82. Worm; 83. Rotating motor; 84. Inclination sensor; 85. Third hydraulic rod; 86. Limit sleeve; 87. Limit hole; 88. Rubber sleeve; 9. Main control box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0034] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0035] Example 1 provides a roadbed compaction mechanism for an unmanned roller. Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the roadbed leveling mechanism includes a frame 1, a vibrating steel wheel 2, a lateral detection mechanism 3, a U-shaped swing frame 5 and a flattening roller 7. The frame 1 is a frame-type frame, one end of which is symmetrically provided with a connecting arm 11 for docking with an unmanned roller, and a main control box 9 is fixedly installed on the side of the frame 1 adjacent to the connecting arm 11; the vibrating steel wheel 2 is located in the frame of the frame 1 and is rotatably installed on the side of the frame 1 away from the connecting arm 11 through a bearing seat; the lateral detection mechanism 3 is installed on the frame 1 and is located in front of the vibrating steel wheel 2, and the lateral detection mechanism 3 is electrically connected to the main control box 9, and the lateral detection mechanism 3 is used to detect the lateral levelness of the roadbed.

[0036] The U-shaped swing frame 5 and the flattening roller 7 are both located in the frame of the frame 1, and the U-shaped swing frame 5 is installed on the side of the frame 1 close to the connecting arm 11. A transmission shaft 4 is rotatably installed in the middle of the side of the frame 1 close to the connecting arm 11. The U-shaped swing frame 5 is fixedly installed at one end of the transmission shaft 4. Two groups of suspension mechanisms 6 are symmetrically installed on the U-shaped swing frame 5. The flattening roller 7 is installed on the two groups of the suspension mechanisms 6, and the flattening roller 7 is parallel to the vibrating steel wheel 2. An adjustment component 8 is installed on the frame 1 to drive the transmission shaft 4 to rotate and thereby realize roadbed slope control. The adjustment component 8 is electrically connected to the main control box 9.

[0037] It should be noted that: when the roadbed leveling mechanism for the unmanned roller in Example 1 is in use,

[0038] The frame 1 is rigidly connected to the unmanned roller's traveling equipment via a connecting arm 11, forming a complete operating system. During the initial operation, the suspension mechanism 6 is controlled to drive the smoothing roller 7 upward, prioritizing contact between the vibrating steel drum 2 and the roadbed surface. During this period, the unmanned roller follows the pre-set leveling route, and the smoothing roller 7 does not participate in the leveling process. The vibrating steel drum performs a primary vibration leveling operation on the roadbed. During this leveling process, the vibrating steel drum 2 activates its high-frequency vibration function, using the excitation force to cause the roadbed material particles to interlock, achieving a preliminary vibration leveling operation and effectively improving the roadbed's compaction. After completing the primary vibration leveling operation, the suspension mechanism 6 is controlled to drive the smoothing roller 7 downward until it contacts the roadbed surface, establishing a dual-roller cooperative operation mode between the vibrating steel drum 2 and the smoothing roller 7. At this point, the adjustment assembly 8 drives the drive shaft 4, causing the U-shaped swing frame 5 to rotate, thereby adjusting the smoothing roller 7's leveling angle. This inclination adjustment mechanism precisely matches the designed roadbed slope (including longitudinal and side slopes). By varying the contact pressure distribution between the flattening roller 7 and the roadbed surface, it provides targeted compaction and correction of slope deviations, achieving precise control of the roadbed slope and ensuring compliance with engineering design standards. After completing the slope control adjustment, the unmanned roller performs a secondary compaction operation along the original planned route. During this phase, the vibrating steel drum 2 and flattening roller 7 simultaneously participate in the compaction process. While the vibrating steel drum 2 remains in a non-vibrating state, static compaction is achieved through its own weight and pressure transmitted by the frame. The flattening roller 7, utilizing its own weight and lateral pressure generated by its adjustable inclination, finely levels and compacts the roadbed surface, eliminating ripples and residual slope errors caused by the vibratory leveling phase and further improving roadbed flatness and density. After the secondary compaction is complete, the suspension mechanism 6 lifts the flattening roller 7 off the roadbed surface, simultaneously controlling the vibration of the vibrating steel drum 2. At this point, the unmanned roller, equipped with a lateral detection mechanism 3, travels along the compaction route, collecting real-time roadbed surface elevation data using detection components such as laser and ultrasonic elevation sensors. If the roadbed flatness is detected to exceed the preset tolerance, the system automatically identifies the unqualified section and re-drives the vibrating steel wheel 2 and flattening roller 7 to perform targeted re-compaction on the defective area until the roadbed flatness and slope parameters meet the design requirements. This significantly improves the quality and efficiency of roadbed compaction.

[0039] In the embodiment, the vibrating steel wheel 2 adopts a stepless adjustable excitation frequency of 25-50Hz, and the contact pressure of the flattening roller 7 is 20-400kN and can be precisely controlled; the rotating motor of the adjustment component 8 adopts a high-torque servo motor, with continuous adjustment of 0-15° and an angular resolution of 0.05°. The resolution of the laser height sensor is 0.1mm, and the ultrasonic height sensor adopts an ultrasonic array with a sampling frequency of 1kHz.

[0040] In embodiment 1 of the present invention, please refer to Figures 1 to 5 The lateral detection mechanism 3 includes a guide rod 31, which is provided with two groups. The two groups of guide rods 31 are fixedly mounted on the frame 1, and a sliding frame 32 is slidably mounted on the two groups of guide rods 31. A first hydraulic rod 33 is symmetrically mounted on the sliding frame 32, and a suspension frame 34 is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the first hydraulic rod 33. A laser height sensor 35 and an ultrasonic height sensor 36 are respectively embedded in the horizontal plate of the suspension frame 34, and the laser height sensor 35 and the ultrasonic height sensor 36 are electrically connected to the main control box 9; wherein, a lead screw 37 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1, and the lead screw 3 is located between the two guide rods 31 and is parallel to the two guide rods 31; a threaded through hole threadedly connected to the lead screw 37 is opened on the sliding frame 32, and a drive motor 38 for driving the lead screw 37 to rotate is installed on one side of the frame 1, and the drive motor 38 is electrically connected to the main control box 9.

[0041] When the flatness of the roadbed needs to be detected, the drive motor 38 is used to drive the screw 37 to rotate, and the screw 37 drives the sliding frame 32 to slide along the guide rod 31. When sliding, it drives the suspension frame 34 to slide synchronously, and then drives the laser height sensor 35 and the ultrasonic height sensor 36 to move horizontally, to detect the flatness of the roadbed surface, and feed back the detection data to the main control box 9.

[0042] In this embodiment, if Figure 5 As shown, two movable rods 341 are inserted on the suspension frame 34, and the bottom ends of the two movable rods 341 are jointly rotated to install a pressure roller 342. The two movable rods 341 are both provided with a return spring 343. The top end of the return spring 343 is fixedly connected to the suspension frame 34, and the other end of the return spring 343 is fixedly connected to one side of the bottom end of the movable rod 341. In this way, during detection, when the suspension frame 34 slides along the guide rod 31, the pressure roller 342 is squeezed by the return spring 343, and the pressure roller 342 contacts the roadbed surface, so that when rolling, the debris on the road surface is rolled again, which is convenient for the laser elevation sensor 35 and the ultrasonic elevation sensor 36 to detect the flatness of the roadbed surface, avoid interference from scattered stones flying from the roadbed, and improve detection accuracy.

[0043] In embodiment 1 of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, two sets of suspension mechanisms 6 are symmetrically mounted at the ends of the two parallel arms of the U-shaped swing frame 5. Slide slots 501 are symmetrically defined at the ends of the two parallel arms of the U-shaped swing frame 5. The suspension mechanism 6 includes a lifting block 61 and a second hydraulic rod 62. The lifting block 61 slides in the corresponding slide slot 501. A bearing for rotationally connecting to the flattening roller 7 is mounted on the lifting block 61. The second hydraulic rod 62 is fixedly mounted at the top of the slide slot 501, with its telescopic end extending into the slide slot 501 and fixedly connected to the lifting block 61. The second hydraulic rod 62 is also electrically connected to the main control box 9. As the flattening roller 7 flattens the road surface, the second hydraulic rod 62 of the suspension mechanism 6 can be used to adjust the sliding movement of the lifting block 61 in the slide slot 501, thereby adjusting the height of the flattening roller 7 above the ground and thereby adjusting the contact pressure between the flattening roller 7 and the roadbed, thereby adjusting the pressure according to different roadbed conditions.

[0044] In embodiment 1 of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1 、 Figures 6 to 8 The adjustment assembly 8 includes a worm wheel 81, which is fixedly mounted on the other end of the transmission shaft 4. A worm 82 is rotatably mounted on the frame 1, and the worm 82 is meshed with the worm wheel 81. A rotary motor 83 for driving the worm 82 to rotate is mounted on the frame 1. A tilt sensor 84 is fixedly mounted at the center of the end face of the transmission shaft 4. The rotary motor 83 and the tilt sensor 84 are electrically connected to the main control box 9. When it is necessary to control the slope of the roadbed to facilitate drainage, the main control box 9 drives the rotary motor 83 to control the rotation of the worm 82, and then the worm 82 meshes with the worm wheel 81, driving the transmission shaft 4 to rotate. The tilt sensor 84 is used to detect the rotation angle of the transmission shaft 4, and then drives the U-shaped swing frame 5 to adjust the tilt angle, thereby completing the tilt adjustment of the flattening roller 7 and realizing the control of the slope of the roadbed.

[0045] In this embodiment 1, Figures 6 to 8 The adjustment assembly 8 also includes a third hydraulic rod 85, which is fixedly mounted on the frame 1 and electrically connected to the main control box 9. A limiting sleeve 86 is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the third hydraulic rod 85. The limiting sleeve 86 has a limiting hole 87 on the end facing the worm 82, which engages with the worm 82. After the worm 82 is rotated and adjusted by the rotary motor 83, to maintain the stability of the transmission shaft 4 after adjustment, the third hydraulic rod 85 drives the limiting sleeve 86 to engage the worm 82 through the limiting hole 87, thereby applying pressure to the worm 82 and restricting its rotation. To increase the frictional force of the limiting sleeve 86 on the worm 82, the limiting hole 87 is trumpet-shaped, and a rubber sleeve 88 is attached to the inner wall of the limiting hole 87. This rubber sleeve 88 increases the squeezing force, thereby achieving stable position and rotation of the worm 82.

[0046] When the roadbed slope needs to be adjusted to meet drainage design requirements, this is accomplished through the following steps. The master control box 9, serving as the system's central control hub, sends a drive command to the rotary motor 83. Upon receiving the control signal, the rotary motor 83 outputs rotational power to drive the worm 82. Based on the meshing principle of the worm gear mechanism, the rotating worm 82 forms a transmission engagement with the worm wheel 81, transmitting the rotational power to the drive shaft 4, which in turn drives the drive shaft 4 to rotate. During this transmission process, the inclination sensor 84 mounted on the drive shaft 4 collects the drive shaft 4's rotation angle data in real time and feeds the angle signal back to the master control box 9. The master control box 9 compares the preset slope parameters with the actual detected angle and dynamically adjusts the operating parameters of the rotary motor 83 to ensure that the drive shaft 4's rotation angle meets the slope control requirements. As the drive shaft 4 rotates, the rigidly connected U-shaped swing frame 5 synchronously deflects. Since the flattening roller 7 is mounted on the U-shaped swing frame 5 via a suspension mechanism, the change in the U-shaped swing frame 5's inclination directly drives the flattening roller 7's inclination adjustment. By precisely controlling the contact angle between the flattening roller 7 and the roadbed surface, the distribution of the flattening roller 7's compaction force on different areas of the roadbed is varied, and the roadbed longitudinal slope parameters are adjusted in a targeted manner to ensure that the roadbed slope meets the design drainage slope standard. This slope control mechanism can effectively ensure automatic drainage of the roadbed under rainy conditions, avoid damage to the roadbed structure due to road water accumulation, and significantly improve the durability and safety of road projects.

[0047] In embodiment 1 of the present invention, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a scraper 21 is rotatably installed on the frame 1 in front of the vibrating steel wheel 2, and connecting springs 22 are fixedly installed at both ends of the scraper 21 facing the vibrating steel wheel 2. The connecting spring 22 is fixedly connected to the frame 1 away from the scraper 21; in this way, when the vibrating steel wheel 2 is pressed and rolled, the scraper 21 is pulled by the connecting spring 22, and the front end of the scraper 21 is tilted and pressed into contact with the surface of the vibrating steel wheel 2, thereby scraping off impurities sticking to the surface of the vibrating steel wheel 2, thereby improving the pressing quality of the vibrating steel wheel 2.

[0048] The working principle of the roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0049] When in use, the frame 1 is docked with the unmanned roller walking equipment using the connecting arm 11, and then the lifting block 61 is adjusted to slide in the slide 501 through the second hydraulic rod 62 of the suspension mechanism 6. At this time, the flattening roller 7 is controlled to be lifted away from the roadbed surface, so that the vibrating steel wheel 2 contacts the roadbed surface, thereby the unmanned roller vibrates and levels the roadbed according to the set leveling route; after leveling once, the suspension mechanism 6 is controlled to lower the flattening roller 7 so that it also contacts the roadbed surface. After contact, it is necessary to control the slope of the roadbed to facilitate drainage. The main control box 9 is used to drive the rotating motor 83 to control the rotation of the worm 82, and then the worm 82 is engaged with the worm gear 81, driving the transmission shaft 4 to rotate, and the inclination sensor 84 is used to detect the rotation angle of the transmission shaft 4, thereby driving the U-shaped swing frame 5 to adjust the tilt angle, thereby completing the inclination adjustment of the flattening roller 7. After adjustment, in order to keep the transmission shaft 4 stable after adjustment, the third The hydraulic rod 85 drives the limiting sleeve 86 to connect with the worm 82 through the limiting hole 87, and uses the rubber sleeve 88 to increase the friction, thereby pressurizing the worm 82 to limit its rotation. After the adjustment is completed, the second pressing is performed again along the set pressing route. After pressing, the flattening roller 7 is raised, the vibrating steel wheel 2 is controlled to stop vibrating, and then moves along the pressing route again; when moving, the drive motor 38 drives the screw 37 to rotate, and the screw 37 drives the sliding frame 32 to slide along the guide rod 31. When sliding, it drives the suspension frame 34 to slide synchronously, and then drives the laser height sensor 35 and the ultrasonic height sensor 36 to move horizontally, to detect the flatness of the roadbed surface, and feed back the detection data to the main control box 9. For unqualified road sections, the vibrating steel wheel 2 and the flattening roller 7 are controlled to press again until the pressing is qualified. When used in conjunction with the unmanned roller, the quality and efficiency of the roadbed pressing are greatly improved.

[0050] During detection, the present invention, when the suspension frame 34 slides along the guide rod 31, the pressure roller 342 is squeezed by the return spring 343, and the pressure roller 342 contacts the roadbed surface, so that when rolling, the debris on the road surface is rolled again, which facilitates the laser height sensor 35 and the ultrasonic height sensor 36 to detect the flatness of the roadbed surface, avoids interference from scattered stones flying from the roadbed, and improves the detection accuracy.

[0051] Example 2 provides an operating method for a roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1, preliminary compaction, connect the frame 1 with the unmanned roller traveling equipment using the connecting arm 11,

[0053] The main control box 9 controls the suspension mechanism 6 to drive the flattening roller 7 to lift upward and away from the roadbed surface, so that the vibrating steel wheel 2 contacts the roadbed surface. The main control box 9 controls the vibrating steel wheel 2 to perform preliminary leveling on the unmanned roller according to the set rolling route. During the preliminary leveling process, the flattening roller does not participate in the leveling work, and the vibrating steel wheel starts the high-frequency vibration function, using the exciting force to make the roadbed material particles interlock and squeeze each other, thereby achieving preliminary vibration leveling operation.

[0054] S2, secondary compaction: After completing S1, the main control box 9 controls the suspension mechanism 6 to drive the flattening roller 7 to move downward to contact the roadbed surface, forming a double-roller cooperative operation mode of the vibrating steel wheel 2 and the flattening roller 7. The vibrating steel wheel 2 and the flattening roller 7 are used to perform secondary compaction on the roadbed along the set route. During the secondary compaction, the adjustment component 8 drives the transmission shaft 4 to drive the U-shaped swing frame 5 to flip, thereby adjusting the compaction angle of the flattening roller 7 so that the compaction of the roadbed reaches the set slope, completing the roadbed slope control compaction;

[0055] S3, leveling test. After completing S2, start the lateral detection mechanism 3 to test the flatness of the leveled roadbed, and feed back the test data to the main control box 9. The main control box 9 uploads the roadbed leveling data to the terminal based on the feedback data, and then re-presses the roadbed leveling that does not meet the standards based on the feedback data. Repeat S1 and S2 during re-pressing. After re-pressing, perform leveling test again until the roadbed leveling meets the standards.

[0056] The circuits and controls involved in the present invention are all prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0057] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller, characterized in that: The whole pressing mechanism comprises a frame (1), a vibrating steel wheel (2), a transverse detection mechanism (3), a U-shaped swing frame (5), a flattening roller (7) and a main control box (9). One end of the frame (1) is symmetrically provided with a connecting arm (11) connected to the unmanned roller. The main control box (9) is fixedly mounted on the frame (1) and is used to control the entire mechanism. The vibrating steel wheel (2), the U-shaped swing frame (5) and the flattening roller (7) are all located in the frame of the frame (1). The vibrating steel wheel (2) is rotatably mounted on a side of the frame (1) away from the connecting arm (11) through a bearing seat. The U-shaped swing frame (5) is mounted on a side of the frame (1) close to the connecting arm (11) and rotates in the middle of the side of the frame (1) close to the connecting arm (11). A transmission shaft (4) is installed, the U-shaped swing frame (5) is fixedly installed on one end of the transmission shaft (4), two groups of suspension mechanisms (6) are symmetrically installed on the U-shaped swing frame (5), the flattening roller (7) is installed on the two groups of suspension mechanisms (6), and the flattening roller (7) and the vibrating steel wheel (2) are parallel to each other; the lateral detection mechanism (3) is installed on the frame (1) for detecting the lateral levelness of the roadbed, and the lateral detection mechanism (3) is located between the vibrating steel wheel (2) and the flattening roller (7), and the frame (1) is also installed with an adjustment component (8) for driving the transmission shaft (4) to rotate and thereby realizing roadbed slope control, and the lateral detection mechanism (3) and the adjustment component (8) are both electrically connected to the main control box (9).

2. The roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral detection mechanism (3) includes a guide rod (31) fixed on the frame (1), a sliding frame (32) slidably mounted on the guide rod (31), and a driving mechanism for driving the sliding frame (32) to slide along the guide rod (31), wherein the guide rod (31) is arranged parallel to the vibrating steel wheel (2), and a first hydraulic rod (33) is symmetrically mounted on the sliding frame (32), and a suspension frame (34) is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the first hydraulic rod (33), and a laser height sensor (35) and an ultrasonic height sensor (36) are respectively embedded on the horizontal plate of the suspension frame (34), and the driving mechanism, the laser height sensor (35) and the ultrasonic height sensor (36) are all electrically connected to the main control box (9).

3. The roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Two sets of suspension mechanisms (6) are symmetrically installed at the ends of the two parallel arms of the U-shaped swing frame (5), and slide grooves (501) are symmetrically opened at the ends of the two parallel arms of the U-shaped swing frame (5); each set of suspension mechanisms (6) includes a lifting block (61) and a second hydraulic rod (62), the lifting block (61) is slidably installed in the slide groove (501) on the corresponding side, and the lifting block (61) is equipped with a bearing for rotationally connecting with the flattening roller (7), the second hydraulic rod (62) is fixedly installed at the top of the slide groove (501), the piston end of the second hydraulic rod extends into the slide groove (501) and is fixedly connected to the lifting block (61), and the second hydraulic rod (62) is electrically connected to the main control box (9).

4. A roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The regulating assembly (8) includes a worm wheel (81), a worm (82) and a rotating motor (83), wherein the worm wheel (81) is fixedly sleeved on the other end of the transmission shaft (4), the worm wheel (81) is rotatably mounted on the frame (1), the worm (82) is meshed with the worm wheel (81), the rotating motor (83) is fixedly mounted on the frame (1), and its output shaft is connected to the worm (82), an inclination sensor (84) is fixedly mounted at the center of the end face of the transmission shaft (4), and the rotating motor (83) and the inclination sensor (84) are electrically connected to the uniform master control box (9).

5. The roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A scraper (21) is rotatably mounted on the frame (1) in front of the vibrating steel wheel (2). Connecting springs (22) are fixedly mounted on both ends of the scraper (21) facing the vibrating steel wheel (2). The connecting springs (22) are fixedly connected to the frame (1) away from the scraper (21).

6. The roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving mechanism includes a driving motor (38) and a lead screw (37) rotatably mounted on the frame (1); the guide rods (31) are provided with two, which are arranged parallel to the upper and lower sides of the lead screw (37); the driving motor (38) is fixed to the side of the frame (1), and its output shaft is connected to the lead screw (37); a threaded through hole is provided on the sliding frame (32) and is threadedly connected to the lead screw (37); the sliding frame (32) is threadedly connected to the lead screw (37) and is slidably connected to the two guide rods (31); the driving motor (38) is electrically connected to the main control box (9).

7. The roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller according to claim 2, characterized in that: A pressure roller (342) is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the suspension frame (34), two movable rods (341) are inserted on the suspension frame (34), and the pressure roller (342) is rotatably mounted between the two movable rods (341). Both movable rods (341) are sleeved with a return spring (343), the top end of the return spring (343) is fixedly connected to the suspension frame (34), and the other end of the return spring (343) is fixedly connected to one side of the bottom end of the movable rod (341).

8. The roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (8) further comprises a third hydraulic rod (85), the third hydraulic rod (85) being fixedly mounted on the frame (1), and a limiting sleeve (86) being fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the third hydraulic rod (85), the limiting sleeve (86) being provided with a limiting hole (87) for engaging with the worm (82) at one end thereof facing the worm (82), the limiting hole (87) being trumpet-shaped, and a rubber sleeve (88) being adhered to the inner side wall of the limiting hole (87); the end of the worm (82) away from the rotating motor (83) being inserted into the limiting hole (87); and the third hydraulic rod (85) being electrically connected to the main control box (9).

9. An operating method of the roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, preliminary compaction, connect the frame to the unmanned roller travel equipment using the connecting arm, and control the vibrating steel wheel through the main control box to perform preliminary compaction on the unmanned roller according to the set compaction route; S2. After completing the initial compaction in step S1, the roadbed is compacted again along the set route using the vibrating steel wheel and the flattening roller. During the secondary compaction, the adjustment component drives the transmission shaft to drive the U-shaped swing frame to flip, thereby adjusting the compaction angle of the flattening roller so that the compaction of the roadbed reaches the set slope, completing the roadbed slope control compaction. S3. After completing the secondary compaction in step S2, start the transverse detection mechanism to detect the flatness of the compacted roadbed, and feed back the detection data to the main control box. The main control box uploads the roadbed flatness data to the terminal based on the feedback data, and then re-compacts the roadbed where the compaction does not meet the standards based on the feedback data. Repeat S1 and S2 during re-compacting. After re-compacting, perform compaction detection again until the roadbed leveling meets the standards.

10. The method for operating a roadbed leveling mechanism for an unmanned roller according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the initial compaction in step S1, the suspension mechanism is controlled to drive the flattening roller to lift upward and away from the roadbed surface, so that the vibrating steel wheel contacts the roadbed surface. During the initial compaction process, the flattening roller does not participate in the flattening work, and the vibrating steel wheel starts the high-frequency vibration function, using the exciting force to make the roadbed material particles embed with each other, thereby realizing the initial vibration leveling operation; during the secondary compaction in step S2, the suspension mechanism is controlled to drive the flattening roller to move downward and contact the roadbed surface, forming a double-roller collaborative operation mode of the vibrating steel wheel and the flattening roller.

Images