High-capacity and high-efficiency air filtering system for master control room and rest room of shield tunneling machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtering system for a main control room and a rest room of a shield tunneling machine. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtering system comprises an air supply device and an air self-circulation device, the air supply device comprises a high-pressure air filter and a high-pressure air outlet pipe, an inlet of the high-pressure air filter is communicated with the atmosphere, an outlet is communicated with the high-pressure air outlet pipe, and the high-pressure air outlet pipe upwards extends into a room to form a high-pressure pipe orifice; the air self-circulation device comprises a high-efficiency particulate filter, and a low-pressure air inlet pipe and a low-pressure air outlet pipe which are respectively communicated with an inlet and an outlet of the high-efficiency particulate filter; the low-pressure air inlet pipe horizontally extends into a room to form a lower low-pressure pipe orifice, and the low-pressure air outlet pipe upwards extends into the room to form an upper low-pressure pipe orifice; the upper low-pressure pipe orifice and the high-pressure pipe orifice are located at the same horizontal height and located at the indoor high position, the upper low-pressure pipe orifice is higher than the lower low-pressure pipe orifice, and the lower low-pressure pipe orifice is located at the indoor low position. The filtering effect can be improved, the filtering performance can be ensured, and the air quality of the main control room and the rest room can be comprehensively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air purification, in particular to a high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for a main control room and a rest room of a shield machine. Background Art

[0002] The shield machine's control room and rest area are key locations for workers to operate and rest. The control room houses sophisticated control consoles and control cabinets, while the rest area provides rest for workers. Therefore, air quality in these areas is particularly important. Due to the unique construction environment of shield machines, the air contains large amounts of pollutants such as dust, harmful gases, and microorganisms. These pollutants not only pose a health risk to workers but can also interfere with the normal operation of the equipment. Therefore, developing an air filtration system suitable for the shield machine's control room and rest area is of great practical significance.

[0003] Traditional air filtration systems typically only perform simple physical filtration and are unable to effectively remove harmful gases and microorganisms from the air. Some air filtration systems use high-efficiency filters to effectively remove particulate matter from the air. They are also equipped with activated carbon filters to absorb harmful gases from the air. In addition, some systems have sterilization functions, using technologies such as ultraviolet light or lysozyme to kill bacteria and viruses in the air, further improving air quality.

[0004] However, some current air filtration systems are bulky and difficult to install. Their complex structures, involving multiple mechanical and electrical components, make repair and replacement costs and difficulty high in the event of a malfunction. Their limited filtration range fails to fully guarantee air quality in the control room and rest areas. Filtration efficiency is low, prone to clogging, and uneven airflow and insufficient pressure reduce the system's filtration performance. Their low level of automation makes it difficult to adaptively adjust the air filtration system's operation based on air quality, resulting in suboptimal filtration results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem of unsatisfactory filtering effect and poor filtering performance of some air filtration systems, the present invention provides a high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room. An air supply device is used to supply filtered fresh air into the room. At the same time, an air self-circulation device is used to realize the circulation and filtration of the air in the room, thereby forming a positive pressure environment in the room and ensuring that all air inside the room is effectively filtered.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] High-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine's main control room and rest room, including an outdoor air supply device and an air self-circulation device;

[0008] The air supply device includes a high-pressure air filter containing a fan and a high-pressure air outlet pipe. The inlet of the high-pressure air filter is connected to the atmosphere, and the outlet is connected to the high-pressure air outlet pipe. The high-pressure air outlet pipe extends upward and extends into the room to form a high-pressure pipe port, which is convenient for filtering outdoor air and then delivering it to the room;

[0009] The air self-circulation device includes a high-efficiency particulate filter containing a fan, and a low-pressure air inlet pipe and a low-pressure air outlet pipe respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the high-efficiency particulate filter, so as to facilitate the self-circulation purification of indoor air. The high-efficiency particulate filter and the high-pressure air filter are arranged on the wall at intervals to reduce space occupation;

[0010] The low-pressure air inlet pipe extends horizontally into the room to form a lower low-pressure pipe opening, and the high-pressure air outlet pipe and the low-pressure air outlet pipe are arranged on the wall at intervals on the left and right, which improves the neatness of the arrangement, and the low-pressure air outlet pipe extends upward and into the room to form an upper low-pressure pipe opening;

[0011] The upper low-pressure pipe mouth and the high-pressure pipe mouth are located at the same horizontal height and are both located at a high point in the room. The air flow velocity in the upper low-pressure pipe mouth is smaller than the air flow velocity in the high-pressure pipe mouth. The upper low-pressure pipe mouth is positioned higher than the lower low-pressure pipe mouth, and the lower low-pressure pipe mouth is located at a low point in the room.

[0012] Furthermore, a motor bracket is provided between the high-pressure air filter and the high-efficiency particulate filter, which facilitates the connection and installation of the two. The high-pressure air filter and the high-efficiency particulate filter are connected and fixed to the wall through the motor bracket;

[0013] The high-pressure air outlet pipe and the low-pressure air outlet pipe are both provided with mounting parts, and the high-pressure air outlet pipe and the low-pressure air outlet pipe are respectively connected and fixed to the wall through the mounting parts, which facilitates the installation and fixation of the pipes. The mounting parts include pipe clamps and connecting plates, and the pipe clamps are connected to the wall through the connecting plates.

[0014] Furthermore, the HEPA filter comprises a front cone cover, a motor compartment, a filter cartridge, a rear cartridge cover, a brushless motor with a fan impeller, and a filter element;

[0015] The front cone cover, motor compartment, filter cartridge and rear cartridge cover are bolted together in sequence, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the components. Both ends of the front cone cover are open for air to pass through. A through front airflow channel is provided on the side wall of the motor compartment to facilitate the flow of air into the filter cartridge. An outlet pipe joint is radially provided on the motor compartment to facilitate the outflow of filtered air. The brushless motor is provided in the motor compartment, and the fan impeller on the brushless motor extends into the front cone cover.

[0016] The filter cartridge is open at both ends, and a through rear airflow channel is provided on the side wall of the filter cartridge to facilitate directing air to the filter element. The front airflow channel and the rear airflow channel are connected front to back. The filter element is coaxially arranged in the rear cartridge cover, and one end of the filter element is inserted into the filter cartridge. The brushless motor filter element and the front and rear are coaxially arranged.

[0017] Furthermore, the front cone cover is a conical cylinder structure with a small opening at the front end and a large opening at the rear end. The front end of the front cone cover is connected to the low-pressure air inlet pipe; the high-speed rotating fan impeller sends the airflow from the front end of the front cone cover into the front airflow channel, and the airflow flows through the front airflow channel and the rear airflow channel in turn into the filter element for filtration. The filtered airflow returns to the motor compartment and flows out of the high-efficiency particulate filter through the outlet pipe joint.

[0018] Furthermore, the motor compartment includes an inner ring 1, an outer ring 1 and a front support plate, wherein the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 1 are coaxially arranged from the inside to the outside, the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 1 are of equal length, and the cross section of the inner ring 1 is shape;

[0019] The front air flow channel is formed between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 1, and the front support plate is arranged between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 1, and the number of front support plates is multiple and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the outlet pipe joint passes through the inner ring 1, the front air flow channel and the outer ring 1 in sequence, and then extends radially to the outside of the motor compartment. The outlet pipe joint is connected to the low-pressure air outlet duct, which is convenient for introducing the filtered air into the room.

[0020] Furthermore, the filter cartridge includes an inner ring 2, an outer ring 2 and a rear support plate. The inner ring 2 and the outer ring 2 are coaxially arranged from the inside to the outside. The inner ring 2 is shorter than the outer ring 2. The cross section of the inner ring 2 is shape;

[0021] The rear airflow channel is formed between the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 2, and the rear support plate is arranged between the inner ring 2 and the outer ring 2. The number of the rear support plates is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0022] Furthermore, a motor mounting ring is provided outside the brushless motor, and the brushless motor is connected and fixed to the motor compartment through the motor mounting ring; the brushless motor and the fan impeller are connected and combined to form the fan;

[0023] The fan impeller includes an inner cone block, an outer cone cylinder and connecting blades. The inner cone block is arranged on the output shaft of the brushless motor. The taper of the outer cone cylinder is consistent with the taper of the front cone cover. The outer cone cylinder is sleeved outside the inner cone block. An air induced channel is formed between the outer cone cylinder and the inner cone block. The connecting blades are arranged between the outer cone cylinder and the inner cone block. There are multiple connecting blades, and the multiple connecting blades are evenly distributed in a spiral shape to facilitate attracting air flow.

[0024] Further, the cross-section of the rear cylinder cover is in a "U" shape, the length of the rear cylinder cover is less than the length of the filter element, the filter element is a cylindrical body with both ends open, and a sealing ring is provided at one end of the filter element, and the sealing ring tightly abuts against the filter cylinder.

[0025] Further, the filter element includes an inner support layer, a first filter layer, a second filter layer, a third filter layer and an outer restraint layer which are sleeved in sequence from the inside to the outside. The inner support layer and the outer restraint layer are both cylindrical bodies made of wire mesh, and the first filter layer, the second filter layer and the third filter layer are all cylindrical bodies made of filter materials. The pore diameters of the filter holes on the first filter layer, the second filter layer and the third filter layer increase in sequence; the filter element with a composite structure improves the filtering effect.

[0026] The high-pressure air filter and the high-efficiency particulate filter have the same structure. A pre-cleaning cover is detachably arranged outside the front conical cover of the high-pressure air filter. The pre-cleaning cover is a stepped cylindrical body with one end open. The pre-cleaning cover is sleeved on the front conical cover. A plurality of air holes are circumferentially arranged on the side wall of the pre-cleaning cover. The air holes surround the periphery of the front conical cover, which is convenient for realizing uniform air intake of the high-pressure air filter.

[0027] A pre-cleaning turbine is also rotatably arranged on the closed end of the pre-cleaning cover. The pre-cleaning turbine corresponds to the front open end of the front conical cover, and the pre-cleaning turbine and the front conical cover are arranged at intervals in a straight line front and back; the pre-cleaning turbine can remove large particle dust in the air and pressurize the air.

[0028] The high-speed rotating fan impeller generates an air flow to passively drive the pre-cleaning turbine to operate. The outside air is attracted by the air holes and enters the pre-cleaning cover, contacts with the pre-cleaning turbine. The large particle dust in the air is ejected, and the remaining air is transmitted to the filter element by the fan impeller. The filtered air flows into the high-pressure air outlet pipe through the outlet pipe joint.

[0029] Further, it further includes an electrical module, and the electrical module is used to control the rotation speed of the fan. The specific process of the control includes:

[0030] Step 1: Taking the rotation speed of the fan at the current moment, the pressure difference gradient, temperature and humidity, and particle concentration of the environment where the system is located as state variables, taking the frequency and instantaneous power of the output voltage of the fan at the current moment as input variables, and taking the rotation speed of the fan at the next moment, the pressure difference gradient, temperature and humidity, and particle concentration of the environment where the system is located as output variables, a multi-dimensional state space model of the fan is constructed:

[0031] x(k + 1) = Ax(k) + Bu(k)

[0032] y(k) = x(k)

[0033] Where x(k) represents the state variable at the current moment k, x(k+1) represents the state variable at the next moment, u(k) represents the input variable at the current moment k, y(k) represents the output variable at the current moment k, and A and B represent the matrices to be identified.

[0034] Step 2: Collect historical time series data of state variables, input variables, and output variables. Based on the historical time series data, use the Koopman operator theory to identify matrices A and B. Then, bring them into the multidimensional state space model to obtain the dynamic equations of the wind turbine.

[0035] Step 3: Design the objective function J, and use the constraints that the wind turbine's dynamic equations, input variables, and state variables should satisfy as the constraints of the objective function J;

[0036]

[0037] Where N represents the future N moments after the current moment k, r(k+i) represents the reference output variable at moment (k+i), || || Q and || || R represents the weighted norm;

[0038] Step 4: Use numerical optimization algorithm to solve the objective function J and obtain the optimal input variable control sequence {u * (k),u * (k+1),...,u * (k+M-1)}, and u * (k) Applied to fans;

[0039] Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 to form a closed-loop control of the fan speed.

[0040] Through the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0041] This invention addresses the high dust concentrations and complex airflows found within the confined spaces of shield tunnels. It utilizes high-pressure air filters to improve filtration efficiency and can adjust the operating speed in real time based on feedback from a differential pressure sensor, thereby reducing energy consumption while maintaining stable airflow pressure. The high-efficiency air filter utilizes a centrifugal supercharging structure to increase the kinetic energy of the airflow. Combined with a composite filter element, it precisely intercepts micron-sized particles and efficiently delivers purified air to the interior.

[0042] The high-efficiency particulate filter of the present invention is connected to the indoor environment through pipelines. During the operation of the high-efficiency particulate filter, the indoor air is sucked in and filtered, and then returned to the indoor environment from a high place after filtration. In this way, the self-circulation purification of the indoor air can be conveniently achieved.

[0043] By combining a high-efficiency particulate filter with a high-pressure air filter, this invention monitors and effectively removes air pollutants in real time, providing workers with a healthier and more comfortable working and resting environment, ensuring their health and safety. It also effectively protects precision equipment components, reduces equipment failures caused by air pollution, and improves construction efficiency and safety, thereby effectively increasing the speed and effectiveness of air purification in the main control room and rest areas.

[0044] The electrical module deployed in this invention senses the indoor and outdoor environments and controls the HEPA filter and high-pressure air filter accordingly. Integrated with a vector inverter and various sensors, the module monitors air pollutant concentrations in real time and automatically adjusts equipment operation based on this data to achieve optimal purification, enhancing air quality monitoring and management capabilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a front view of the high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a rear view of the high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 It is a side view of the high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the upper and lower arrangement of the high-pressure air filter and the high-efficiency particulate filter of the high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system of the shield machine main control room and rest room of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the high-efficiency particulate filter of the high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room of the present invention, with the arrows in the figure pointing to the direction of air flow.

[0050] Figure 6 This invention is a high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the splitting.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the fan impeller of the high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the motor compartment and filter cartridge of the high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the filter element of the high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the high-pressure air filter of the high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room of the present invention, with the arrow in the figure pointing to the direction of air flow.

[0055] Figure 11 This invention is a high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the splitting.

[0056] The numbers in the accompanying drawings are: 1 air self-circulating device, 2 air supply device, 3 high-efficiency particulate filter, 4 front cone cover, 5 motor compartment, 51 inner ring 1, 52 outer ring 1, 53 front support plate, 6 filter cartridge, 61 inner ring 2, 62 outer ring 2, 63 rear support plate, 7 rear cartridge cover, 8 fan impeller, 81 inner cone block, 82 outer cone, 83 connecting blade, 9 brushless motor, 10 filter element, 101 inner support layer, 102 filter layer 1, 103 filter layer 2, 104 filter layer 3, 105 outer constraint layer , 11 low-pressure air inlet pipe, 12 lower low-pressure pipe mouth, 13 low-pressure air outlet pipe, 14 upper low-pressure pipe mouth, 15 motor mounting ring, 16 air duct, 17 sealing ring, 18 front air flow channel, 19 rear air flow channel, 20 outlet pipe joint, 21 high-pressure air filter, 22 high-pressure air outlet pipe, 23 motor bracket, 24 mounting parts, 241 pipe clamp, 242 connecting plate, 25 louver air outlet, 26 pre-cleaning cover, 27 pre-cleaning turbine, 28 internal threaded sleeve, 29 air hole, 30 high-pressure pipe mouth, 31 wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0058] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine's main control room and rest room includes an outdoor self-circulating air device 1 and an air supply device 2. The self-circulating air device 1 has its own filtering function and is used to circulate the indoor air and filter the air during the circulation process.

[0059] In this embodiment, the self-circulating air device 1 includes a HEPA filter 3 with a built-in fan, and a low-pressure air inlet duct 11 and a low-pressure air outlet duct 13, respectively connecting the inlet and outlet of the HEPA filter 3. Specifically, the inlet of the HEPA filter 3 is connected to the low-pressure air inlet duct 11, which extends horizontally into the room to form a lower low-pressure duct outlet 12, located at the lowest point in the room.

[0060] A low-pressure air outlet pipe 13 is connected to the outlet of the high-efficiency particulate filter 3 , and the low-pressure air outlet pipe 13 extends upward and into the room to form an upper low-pressure pipe opening 14 , which is located higher than the lower low-pressure pipe opening 12 .

[0061] As a result, the HEPA filter 3 is connected to the indoor environment through the low-pressure air inlet pipe 11 and the low-pressure air outlet pipe 13. The operation of the HEPA filter 3 enables a circulating flow of indoor air. In other words, indoor air enters the HEPA filter 3 from a low location through the low-pressure air inlet pipe 11 and is filtered. The filtered air then returns to the indoor environment from a high location through the low-pressure air outlet pipe 13, achieving a self-circulating flow of indoor air and filtering during the flow.

[0062] Here, the HEPA filter 3 comprises a front cone cover 4, a motor compartment 5, a filter cartridge 6, a rear cover 7, a brushless motor 9 with a fan impeller 8, and a filter element 10 for air filtration. The front cone cover 4, motor compartment 5, filter cartridge 6, and rear cover 7 are bolted together in sequence, allowing the HEPA filter 3 to be removable. The front cone cover 4 is a conical cylindrical structure with circular openings at both ends. Specifically, the front opening is smaller than the rear opening.

[0063] The motor compartment 5 is cylindrical, open at both ends. A brushless motor 9 is mounted within the motor compartment 5, spaced apart from the inner wall of the motor compartment 5. A 24V DC brushless VSD motor is used. During installation, a motor mounting ring 15 is provided on the outside of the motor 9. The motor 9 is secured to the motor compartment 5 via the motor mounting ring 15. The motor mounting ring 15 is fitted to one end of the motor compartment 5 and secured with bolts, securing the brushless motor 9 within the motor compartment 5.

[0064] Because fan impeller 8 is mounted on brushless motor 9, after brushless motor 9 is installed and secured, fan impeller 8 on brushless motor 9 extends into front cone cover 4. The brushless motor 9 and fan impeller 8 are connected and combined to form a blower. When running, brushless motor 9 directly drives fan impeller 8 to rotate within front cone cover 4, thereby drawing air through the front opening of front cone cover 4 into HEPA filter 3. The diameter of fan impeller 8 is much larger than that of brushless motor 9 and also larger than the diameter of motor mounting ring 15.

[0065] To achieve air flow driven by the fan impeller 8, the fan impeller 8 includes an inner cone 81, an outer cone 82, and connecting blades 83. The inner cone 81 is mounted on the output shaft of the brushless motor 9. The taper of the outer cone 82 is consistent with that of the front cone cover 4. The outer cone 82 is sleeved outside the inner cone 81, and a circular air induction channel 16 is formed between the outer cone 82 and the inner cone 81.

[0066] A connecting blade 83 is provided between the outer conical cylinder 82 and the inner conical block 81. The number of connecting blades 83 is multiple, and the multiple connecting blades 83 are evenly distributed in a spiral shape. The outer conical cylinder 82 and the inner conical block 81 are connected and fixed by the connecting blade 83, and the connecting blade 83 evenly divides the air guiding channel 16. When the fan impeller 8 rotates, the air flow enters the high-efficiency particulate filter 3 through the air guiding channel 16.

[0067] Both ends of the filter cartridge 6 are open. The front end of the filter cartridge 6 has a small opening and the rear end has a large opening. The rear cylinder cover 7 has a "U" - shaped cross - section. A filter element 10 is coaxially arranged inside the rear cylinder cover 7. The filter element is a cylindrical body with both ends open, and the length of the rear cylinder cover 7 is less than the length of the filter element 10. There are intervals between the filter element 10 and the inner walls of the filter cartridge 6 and the rear cylinder cover 7.

[0068] One end of the filter element 10 is inserted into the filter cartridge 6 and is restricted by the filter cartridge 6. Similarly, the other end of the filter element 10 is also inserted into the rear cylinder cover 7. Thus, the filter element 10 is inserted between the filter cartridge 6 and the rear cylinder cover 7. In this way, the filter cartridge 6 is equivalent to being sleeved on the outer end of the filter cylinder, and the rear cylinder cover 7 is sleeved on the inner end of the filter cylinder, thereby restricting the filter element 10 to prevent radial movement. At the same time, in order to ensure the sealing of the contact of the filter element 10, a sealing ring 17 is provided at one end of the filter element 10. The sealing ring 17 tightly abuts against the filter cartridge 6, which can restrict the axial movement of the filter element 10.

[0069] The brushless motor 9 and the filter element 10 are arranged coaxially front and back, and there is an interval between them. The filter element 10 has good air filtering performance and can filter fine particles to remove suspended substances and pollutants in the air. Here, the filter element 10 includes an inner support layer 101, a first filter layer 102, a second filter layer 103, a third filter layer 104, and an outer constraint layer 105 which are sleeved from the inside to the outside in sequence. Both the inner support layer 101 and the outer constraint layer 105 are cylindrical bodies made of metal wire meshes.

[0070] The first filter layer 102, the second filter layer 103, and the third filter layer 104 are all cylindrical bodies made of filter materials. The pore diameters of the filter holes on the first filter layer 102, the second filter layer 103, and the third filter layer 104 increase in sequence. Thus, the filter element 10 is made of composite filter materials, and the dust - holding capacity is significantly improved compared with traditional single - layer filter meshes. When the air flows from the outside to the inside of the filter element 10, the air can be filtered more finely, and dust, oil mist, and microbial pollutants can be removed, ensuring that the air quality meets the medical cleanliness level standard.

[0071] Here, filter layer 102 can be made of H13 high-efficiency filter material, filter layer 2 103 can be made of F7 medium-efficiency filter material, and filter layer 3 104 can be made of G4 primary-efficiency filter material. Specifically, filter layer 3 104 is made of 3D melt-blown fiber cloth with a porosity of ≤15μm, which captures large particles >5μm through inertial collision and gravity sedimentation. Filter layer 2 103 is made of high-density gradient glass fiber cloth with a pore size gradient of 2.5-0.8μm, which can intercept submicron particles with the help of Brownian diffusion effect. Filter layer 102 is made of nano-grade PTFE membrane with a surface pore size of <θ.2μm, and the final interception is achieved through a screening mechanism.

[0072] To direct the airflow from the front cone cover 4 to the filter element 10, a through front airflow channel 18 is provided in the side wall of the motor compartment 5. This through-flow channel 18 communicates with the air induction channel 16. Furthermore, a through rear airflow channel 19 is provided in the side wall of the filter cartridge 6. This connects the front and rear airflow channels 18 and 19. Consequently, the air induction channel 16, the front airflow channel 18, the rear airflow channel 19, the filter cartridge 6, and the rear cartridge cover 7 are sequentially connected, allowing the air from the front cone cover 4 to flow to the filter element 10.

[0073] The front airflow channel 18 is formed as follows: the motor compartment 5 includes an inner ring 1 51, an outer ring 1 52 and a front support plate 53. The inner ring 1 51 and the outer ring 1 52 are coaxially arranged from the inside to the outside. The inner ring 1 51 and the outer ring 1 52 are of equal length. The cross section of the inner ring 1 51 is shape, that is, the front end opening of the inner ring 1 51 is large and the rear end opening is small.

[0074] The annular front airflow channel 18 is formed between the inner ring 1 51 and the outer ring 1 52 . A plurality of front support plates 53 are disposed between the inner ring 1 51 and the outer ring 1 52 . The front support plates 53 are evenly distributed around the annular surface. The front support plates 53 connect and secure the inner ring 1 51 and the outer ring 1 52 , evenly dividing the front airflow channel 18 .

[0075] The rear airflow channel 19 is formed as follows: the filter cartridge 6 includes an inner ring 61, an outer ring 62 and a rear support plate 63. The inner ring 61 and the outer ring 62 are coaxially arranged from the inside to the outside. The length of the inner ring 61 is much smaller than that of the outer ring 62. The cross section of the inner ring 61 is The shape of the inner ring 2 61 makes the front opening smaller and the rear opening larger. One end of the filter element 10 is tightly against the inner ring 2 61 .

[0076] The annular rear airflow channel 19 is formed between the second inner ring 61 and the second outer ring 62. A plurality of rear support plates 63 are disposed between the second inner ring 61 and the second outer ring 62. The rear support plates 63 are uniformly distributed around the annulus. The rear support plates 63 are the same length as the second inner ring 61 and securely connect the second inner ring 61 and the second outer ring 62, thereby dividing the rear airflow channel 19.

[0077] The principle of the high-efficiency particulate filter 3 is as follows: the brushless motor 9 drives the fan impeller 8, which rotates at high speed and sends air from the front end of the front cone cover 4 through the air induction channel 16 and into the front air flow channel 18. The air flows through the front air flow channel 18 and the rear air flow channel 19 in sequence and enters the filter element 10 for filtration. The filtered air returns to the motor compartment 5 inside the filter element 10.

[0078] In order to allow air to flow out of the high-efficiency particulate filter 3, an outlet pipe joint 20 is radially arranged on the motor compartment 5. The outlet pipe joint 20 passes through the inner ring 1 51, the front airflow channel 18 and the outer ring 1 52 in sequence, and then extends radially to the outside of the motor compartment 5. Then, the filtered air in the motor compartment 5 flows out of the high-efficiency particulate filter 3 through the outlet pipe joint 20.

[0079] Based on the clear principle of the HEPA filter 3, when the HEPA filter 3 is connected to the indoor room, the front cone cover 4 is connected to the low-pressure air inlet pipe 11, and the outlet pipe joint 20 is connected to the low-pressure air outlet pipe 13. Thus, the operating HEPA filter 3 draws in indoor air, which is then transported from the low-pressure air inlet pipe 11 to the interior of the HEPA filter 3, effectively filtered by the filter element 10, and then returned to the room through the low-pressure air outlet pipe 13, achieving the effect of self-circulating filtration and purification of the indoor air.

[0080] In this embodiment, an air supply device 2 is used to supply fresh air to the room. The air supply device 2 itself also has a filtering function. The air supply device 2 connects the indoor and outdoor areas. The outdoor air is filtered by the air supply device 2 and then supplied to the room.

[0081] The air supply device 2 includes a high-pressure air filter 21 with a built-in fan and a high-pressure air outlet pipe 22. The HEPA filter 3 and HEPA filter 21 are spaced apart on a wall 31. During installation, a motor bracket 23 is positioned between the HEPA filter 21 and HEPA filter 3. This motor bracket 23 secures the HEPA filter 21 and HEPA filter 3 to the wall 31, allowing them to be installed together. The motor bracket 23 provides structural support for the HEPA filter 21 and HEPA filter 3, ensuring secure installation and reducing operational vibration and noise.

[0082] The inlet of the high-pressure air filter 21 is connected to the atmosphere, and the outlet is connected to the high-pressure outlet pipe 22. The high-pressure outlet pipe 22 and the low-pressure outlet pipe 13 are spaced apart on the wall 31. These two pipes, along with the low-pressure air inlet pipe 11, are all made of 316L medical-grade stainless steel or PVDF corrosion-resistant material. During installation, each pipe is provided with a mounting member 24. These two pipes are respectively connected and secured to the wall 31 via the mounting member 24. The mounting member 24 includes a pipe clamp 241 and a connecting plate 242. The pipe clamp 241 clamps the high-pressure outlet pipe 22 and the low-pressure outlet pipe 13. The pipe clamp 241 is connected to the wall 31 via the connecting plate 242, which is similar to a Z-shaped plate.

[0083] The high-pressure outlet pipe 22 extends upward into the room, forming a high-pressure outlet 30. The upper low-pressure outlet 14 and the high-pressure outlet 30 are located at the same level, both high up in the room. The airflow velocity within the upper low-pressure outlet 14 is lower than that within the high-pressure outlet 30, ensuring a positive pressure environment indoors. Louvers 25 are installed at the high-pressure outlet 30, the upper low-pressure outlet 14, and the lower low-pressure outlet 12 to ensure uniform air flow. The louvers 25 are mounted on the interior wall 31 and utilize a twist-lock dust-proof outlet.

[0084] It's important to note that the high-pressure air filter 21 shares the same structure and similar principles as the high-efficiency particulate filter 3. The high-pressure air filter 21 precisely regulates the speed of the brushless motor 9, dynamically adapting to load changes, maintaining stable airflow, and conserving energy. However, since the high-pressure air filter 21 is directly connected to the atmosphere, a pre-cleaning unit is also provided on the high-pressure air filter 21 to pre-clean the air. This pre-cleaning unit includes a pre-cleaning hood 26 and a pre-cleaning turbine 27.

[0085] Specifically, a pre-cleaning cover 26 is detachably provided on the outside of the front cone cover 4 of the high-pressure air filter 21. The pre-cleaning cover 26 is a stepped cylinder with one end open. The pre-cleaning cover 26 is sleeved on the front cone cover 4. An internal threaded sleeve 28 is provided on the front cone cover 4. The pre-cleaning cover 26 can be installed and fixed on the front cone cover 4 by passing a long bolt through the pre-cleaning cover 26 and connecting it to the internal threaded sleeve 28.

[0086] The sidewall of the larger diameter end of the pre-cleaning hood 26 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of waist-shaped air holes 29. These air holes 29 are arranged around the perimeter of the front cone cover 4, allowing air to enter the pre-cleaning hood 26 through these holes. A pre-cleaning turbine 27 is also rotatably mounted on the closed end of the pre-cleaning hood 26. The pre-cleaning turbine 27 corresponds to the open front end of the front cone cover 4, meaning that the pre-cleaning turbine 27 and the front cone cover 4 are arranged in a straight line with a spaced relationship. The outlet pipe connector 20 of the high-pressure air filter 21 is connected to the high-pressure air outlet pipe 22.

[0087] High-pressure air filter 21 utilizes the principle of centrifugal supercharging to increase airflow kinetic energy. The high-speed rotation of fan impeller 8 generates airflow that passively drives pre-cleaning turbine 27. External air is drawn into pre-cleaning hood 26 through air holes 29, where it comes into contact with pre-cleaning turbine 27. Large dust particles in the air are ejected, and the remaining air is transferred from fan impeller 8 to filter element 10. The filtered air then flows through outlet pipe connector 20 into high-pressure outlet pipe 22, where it is then transported indoors.

[0088] To optimize the product structure, an electrical module is also installed indoors. This module is an integral part of the entire air filtration system. This module integrates a vector inverter and controller, driving the fans in the high-pressure air filter 21 and high-efficiency particulate filter 3. It also dynamically adjusts the fan speed, thereby enabling dynamic air volume regulation. The vector inverter controls the fan speed by adjusting the frequency of the fan's output voltage, enabling precise air volume adjustment.

[0089] The electrical module is also equipped with a variety of sensors, including high-precision micromanometers, pressure sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and laser dust particle counters. Among them, the indoor and outdoor pressure values ​​are directly measured by high-precision micromanometers and pressure sensors, and the pressure difference changes between indoor and outdoor are recorded in real time using a data acquisition instrument. The pressure gradient (ΔP / Δt) is calculated based on the difference, where ΔP is the pressure change and Δt represents the time change. It is understandable that on the indoor side, high-precision micromanometers and pressure sensors are recommended to be placed near doors, windows, and vents to capture local pressure difference changes; on the outdoor side, it is recommended to choose a sheltered place, on the edge of the roof, or in an open area to avoid interference from ambient airflow. In practical applications, it is recommended to use high-precision micromanometers and pressure sensors with a resolution of ≤0.1Pa.

[0090] Temperature and humidity sensors detect indoor temperature and humidity; laser particle counters are used to directly and quickly measure indoor dust concentration. In practical applications, the laser particle counter should be able to display the number of particles per cubic meter of air in real time and should be suitable for monitoring fine dust, such as with an accuracy of 0.3 microns.

[0091] The electrical module is used to control the speed of the fan. The control process specifically includes:

[0092] Step 1: The fan speed v at the current time k, as well as the pressure gradient Δt, temperature and humidity c, and particle concentration l of the system environment are used as state variables. The state variables at the current time k are expressed as follows: x(k) = [v(k), Δt(k), c(k), l(k)] T ;

[0093] The frequency f of the wind turbine's output voltage and the instantaneous power p at the current moment k are used as input variables. The input variables at the current moment k are expressed as follows: u(k) = [f(k), p(k)] T ;

[0094] The fan speed v at the next time k+1 and the pressure gradient Δt, temperature and humidity c, and particle concentration l of the system environment are used as output variables to construct a multidimensional state space model of the fan:

[0095] x(k+1)=Ax(k)+Bu(k)

[0096] y(k)=x(k)

[0097] Among them, x(k) represents the state variable at the current moment k, x(k+1) represents the state variable at the next moment, u(k) represents the input variable at the current moment k, y(k) represents the output variable at the current moment k, and A and B represent the matrices that need to be identified.

[0098] Step 2: Collect historical time series data of state variables, input variables, and output variables. Based on the historical time series data, use the Koopman operator theory to identify matrices A and B. Then, bring them into the multidimensional state space model to obtain the dynamic equations of the wind turbine.

[0099] Step 3: Design the objective function J, and use the constraints that the wind turbine's dynamic equations, input variables, and state variables should satisfy as the constraints of the objective function J;

[0100]

[0101] Where N represents the future N moments after the current moment k, r(k+i) represents the reference output variable at moment (k+i), || || Q and || || R represents the weighted norm;

[0102] Step 4: Use numerical optimization algorithm to solve the objective function J and obtain the optimal input variable control sequence {u * (k),u * (k+1),...,u * (k+M-1)}, and u * (k) Applied to fans;

[0103] Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 to form a closed-loop control of the fan speed. This allows for dynamic fan speed adjustment, reducing energy consumption while maintaining airflow stability and ensuring a stable indoor pressure gradient.

[0104] The shield machine's main control room and rest room, as the core working spaces for underground construction, are exposed to harsh environments such as high concentrations of dust, harmful gases, and noise for a long time. The present invention uses high-efficiency filtration and air purification technology to significantly reduce the concentration of PM2.5, microbial pollutants, and harmful gases in the air, ensuring the respiratory health of operators and avoiding the risk of occupational diseases. This not only provides workers with a healthier and more comfortable working and resting environment, but also effectively protects the precision components of the equipment in the main control room, reduces equipment heat dissipation interference, and reduces the probability of short circuits or failures of electronic components in the main control room due to dust accumulation, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the shield machine and improving construction efficiency and safety.

[0105] The embodiments described above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structure, characteristics and principles described in the patent scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

Claims

1. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system in the shield machine main control room and rest room is characterized by: It comprises an air supply device (2) and an air self-circulation device (1) installed outdoors; The air supply device (2) includes a high-pressure air filter (21) containing a blower and a high-pressure air outlet pipe (22). The inlet of the high-pressure air filter (21) is connected to the atmosphere, and the outlet is connected to the high-pressure air outlet pipe (22). The high-pressure air outlet pipe (22) extends upward and into the room to form a high-pressure pipe port (30). The air self-circulation device (1) comprises a high-efficiency particulate filter (3) containing a blower, and a low-pressure air inlet pipe (11) and a low-pressure air outlet pipe (13) respectively connected to the inlet and outlet of the high-efficiency particulate filter (3); the high-efficiency particulate filter (3) and the high-pressure air filter (21) are arranged on a wall (31) with an upper and lower spacing; The low-pressure air inlet pipe (11) extends horizontally into the room to form a lower low-pressure pipe opening (12); the high-pressure air outlet pipe (22) and the low-pressure air outlet pipe (13) are arranged on the wall (31) at intervals on the left and right; the low-pressure air outlet pipe (13) extends upward and into the room to form an upper low-pressure pipe opening (14); The upper low-pressure pipe opening (14) and the high-pressure pipe opening (30) are located at the same horizontal height and are both located at a high position in the room. The airflow velocity in the upper low-pressure pipe opening (14) is lower than the airflow velocity in the high-pressure pipe opening (30). The upper low-pressure pipe opening (14) is located higher than the lower low-pressure pipe opening (12), and the lower low-pressure pipe opening (12) is located at a low position in the room.

2. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A motor bracket (23) is provided between the high-pressure air filter (21) and the high-efficiency particulate filter (3), and the high-pressure air filter (21) and the high-efficiency particulate filter (3) are connected and fixed to the wall (31) via the motor bracket (23); The high-pressure air outlet pipe (22) and the low-pressure air outlet pipe (13) are both provided with mounting members (24), and the high-pressure air outlet pipe (22) and the low-pressure air outlet pipe (13) are respectively connected and fixed to the wall (31) through the mounting members (24). The mounting members (24) include a pipe clamp (241) and a connecting plate (242), and the pipe clamp (241) is connected to the wall (31) through the connecting plate (242).

3. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high efficiency particulate filter (3) comprises a front cone cover (4), a motor compartment (5), a filter cartridge (6), a rear cartridge cover (7), a brushless motor (9) with a fan impeller (8), and a filter element (10); The front cone cover (4), the motor compartment (5), the filter cartridge (6) and the rear cartridge cover (7) are bolted together in sequence. The front cone cover (4) is open at both ends. A through front airflow channel (18) is provided on the side wall of the motor compartment (5). An outlet pipe joint (20) is radially provided on the motor compartment (5). The brushless motor (9) is provided in the motor compartment (5). The fan impeller (8) on the brushless motor (9) extends into the front cone cover (4). The brushless motor (9) and the fan impeller (8) are connected and assembled to form the fan. The filter cartridge (6) is open at both ends, and a through rear air flow channel (19) is provided on the side wall of the filter cartridge (6). The front air flow channel (18) and the rear air flow channel (19) are connected front and back. A filter element (10) is coaxially arranged inside the rear cylinder cover (7). One end of the filter element (10) is inserted into the filter cartridge (6), and the brushless motor (9), the filter element (10) are arranged coaxially front and back.

4. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The front conical cover (4) is of a conical cylinder structure, with a small open end at the front and a large open end at the rear. The front conical cover (4) is connected to the low-pressure air inlet pipe (11). The high-speed rotating fan impeller (8) sends the air flow into the front air flow channel (18) from the front end of the front conical cover (4). The air flow successively passes through the front air flow channel (18), the rear air flow channel (19) and enters the filter element (10) for filtration. The filtered air flow returns to the motor chamber (5) and flows out of the high-efficiency particulate air filter (3) through the outlet pipe joint (20).

5. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The motor chamber (5) includes an inner ring one (51), an outer ring one (52) and a front support plate (53). The inner ring one (51) and the outer ring one (52) are coaxially arranged from inside to outside, and the inner ring one (51) and the outer ring one (52) are of the same length. The cross-section of the inner ring one (51) is in the shape of "﹁". A front air flow channel (18) is formed between the inner ring one (51) and the outer ring one (52). A front support plate (53) is arranged between the inner ring one (51) and the outer ring one (52), and the number of the front support plates (53) is multiple and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. After the outlet pipe joint (20) successively penetrates through the inner ring one (51), the front air flow channel (18) and the outer ring one (52), it radially extends outside the motor chamber (5), and the outlet pipe joint (20) is connected to the low-pressure air outlet pipe (13).

6. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The filter cartridge (6) comprises an inner ring 2 (61), an outer ring 2 (62) and a rear support plate (63). The inner ring 2 (61) and the outer ring 2 (62) are coaxially arranged from the inside to the outside. The inner ring 2 (61) is shorter than the outer ring 2 (62). The cross section of the inner ring 2 (61) is shape; A rear air flow channel (19) is formed between the inner ring two (61) and the outer ring two (62). A rear support plate (63) is arranged between the inner ring two (61) and the outer ring two (62), and the number of the rear support plates (63) is multiple and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

7. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A motor mounting ring (15) is arranged outside the brushless motor (9), and the brushless motor (9) is fixedly connected to the motor chamber (5) through the motor mounting ring (15). The fan impeller (8) includes an inner conical block (81), an outer conical cylinder (82) and connecting blades (83). The inner conical block (81) is arranged on the output shaft of the brushless motor (9). The taper of the outer conical cylinder (82) is the same as that of the front conical cover (4). The outer conical cylinder (82) is sleeved outside the inner conical block (81). An air guiding channel (16) is formed between the outer conical cylinder (82) and the inner conical block (81). Connecting blades (83) are arranged between the outer conical cylinder (82) and the inner conical block (81), and the number of the connecting blades (83) is multiple, and the multiple connecting blades (83) are evenly distributed in a spiral shape.

8. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The cross-section of the rear cylinder cover (7) is in the shape of "凵". The length of the rear cylinder cover (7) is less than the length of the filter element (10). The filter element (10) is a cylindrical body open at both ends. A sealing ring (17) is arranged at one end of the filter element (10), and the sealing ring (17) tightly abuts against the filter cartridge (6). The filter element (10) comprises an inner support layer (101), a filter layer 1 (102), a filter layer 2 (103) and a filter layer 3 (104) and an outer constraint layer (105) which are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside, wherein the inner support layer (101) and the outer constraint layer (105) are both cylindrical bodies made of wire mesh, and the filter layer 1 (102), the filter layer 2 (103) and the filter layer 3 (104) are all cylindrical bodies made of filter material, and the filter pores on the filter layer 1 (102), the filter layer 2 (103) and the filter layer 3 (104) increase in size sequentially.

9. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The high-pressure air filter (21) and the high-efficiency particulate filter (3) have the same structure. A pre-cleaning cover (26) is detachably provided on the front cone cover (4) of the high-pressure air filter (21). The pre-cleaning cover (26) is a stepped cylindrical body with one end open. The pre-cleaning cover (26) is sleeved on the front cone cover (4). A plurality of air holes (29) are circumferentially provided on the side wall of the pre-cleaning cover (26). The air holes (29) are arranged around the circumference of the front cone cover (4). A pre-cleaning turbine (27) is rotatably provided on the closed end of the pre-cleaning cover (26), and the pre-cleaning turbine (27) corresponds to the front end opening of the front cone cover (4), and the pre-cleaning turbine (27) and the front cone cover (4) are arranged in a straight line with a front-back spacing; The high-speed rotating fan impeller (8) generates airflow to passively drive the pre-cleaning turbine (27) to operate. External air is drawn into the pre-cleaning cover (26) through the air hole (29) and contacts the pre-cleaning turbine (27). Large dust particles in the air are ejected, and the remaining air is transferred to the filter element (10) by the fan impeller (8). The filtered air flows into the high-pressure air outlet pipe (22) through the outlet pipe joint (20).

10. The high-capacity and high-efficiency air filtration system for the shield machine main control room and rest room according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system also includes an electrical module, which is used to control the speed of the fan. The control process specifically includes: Step 1: Using the current fan speed and the pressure gradient, temperature, humidity, and particle concentration of the system environment as state variables, the current fan output voltage frequency and instantaneous power as input variables, and the next fan speed and the pressure gradient, temperature, humidity, and particle concentration of the system environment as output variables, a multidimensional state space model of the fan is constructed: x(k+1)=Ax(k)+Bu(k) y(k)=x(k) Where x(k) represents the state variable at the current moment k, x(k+1) represents the state variable at the next moment, u(k) represents the input variable at the current moment k, y(k) represents the output variable at the current moment k, and A and B represent the matrices to be identified. Step 2: Collect historical time series data of state variables, input variables, and output variables. Based on the historical time series data, use the Koopman operator theory to identify matrices A and B. Then, bring them into the multidimensional state space model to obtain the dynamic equations of the wind turbine. Step 3: Design the objective function J, and use the constraints that the wind turbine's dynamic equations, input variables, and state variables should satisfy as the constraints of the objective function J; Where N represents the future N moments after the current moment k, r(k+i) represents the reference output variable at moment (k+i), |||| Q and|||| R represents the weighted norm; Step 4: Use numerical optimization algorithm to solve the objective function J and obtain the optimal input variable control sequence {u * (k),u * (k+1),...,u * (k+M-1)}, and u * (k) Applied to fans; Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 to form a closed-loop control of the fan speed.

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