Unloading device and cold chain logistics vehicle

Abstract

The present invention discloses an unloading device and a cold chain logistics vehicle, which relate to the technical field of logistics vehicles, and include a vehicle body; an anti-skid boarding frame arranged at the rear of the vehicle body; a conveying structure, which includes a side frame unit hooked on the anti-skid boarding frame, a bottom frame unit vertically connected to the side frame unit, and a transmission unit arranged on the bottom frame unit; a displacement compensation structure, which includes a length telescopic unit, a distance adjustment unit and a limit adjustment unit; the adjustable trapezoidal frame composed of the length telescopic unit and the distance adjustment unit can generate a reverse torque through geometric deformation, effectively offset the center of gravity shift and overturning load caused by picking up goods, and cooperate with the multi-point support of the anti-skid boarding frame to enhance the overall stability; and the limit adjustment unit and the frame structure work together to accurately control the moving trajectory of the inner frame through an obliquely symmetrical layout and rigid guide constraints, prevent unexpected displacement caused by the action of the picker, and ensure the positioning accuracy of the pick-up structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of logistics vehicles, and in particular to an unloading device and a cold chain logistics vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Cold chain logistics vehicles, core equipment in modern cold chain transportation systems, are specialized vehicles designed to transport and deliver temperature-sensitive goods. Their compartments are enclosed using thermal insulation materials and equipped with refrigeration units and temperature monitoring systems. These vehicles precisely control the internal temperature based on cargo needs, ensuring that goods remain in a suitable cold chain environment throughout transportation and preventing spoilage and damage due to temperature fluctuations.

[0003] A Chinese patent with authorization announcement number CN113581050B discloses a loading and unloading device, comprising two bases arranged relatively on the bottom plate of a vehicle body, both of which are equipped with a lifting part, one end of which is connected to a grabbing and moving mechanism, and the lifting part can drive the grabbing and moving mechanism to extend or retract the vehicle body to the rear of the vehicle body; the two grabbing and moving mechanisms can cooperate to grab a cargo box, and the grabbing and moving mechanism can drive the cargo box to move in a vertical plane in the length direction of the vehicle, and the lifting part cooperates with the grabbing and moving mechanism to load or unload the cargo box into or out of the interior of the vehicle body.

[0004] In the cold chain logistics industry, the efficient loading and unloading of goods directly affects the efficiency and cost of logistics transportation. At present, the unloading structure of most cold chain logistics vehicles chooses to install the unloading device directly inside the car body in pursuit of loading and unloading convenience. Although this design can shorten the cargo handling path to a certain extent, it inevitably occupies valuable storage space in the car body, greatly compresses the cargo loading capacity, and directly affects the transportation efficiency and economic benefits; secondly, although some automated unloading devices can realize cargo transportation, they have significant deficiencies in structural stability and adaptability. For example, existing devices are difficult to cope with the demand for picking up goods at different locations in the car body. When the picking structure moves or carries goods, the frame structure is prone to shaking or even overturning due to the shift in the center of gravity.

[0005] To this end, the present invention proposes an unloading device and a cold chain logistics vehicle to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a cargo unloading device and a cold chain logistics vehicle, comprising a vehicle compartment; a non-slip boarding frame arranged at the rear of the vehicle compartment; a conveying structure, comprising a side frame unit hooked on the non-slip boarding frame, a bottom frame unit vertically connected to the side frame unit, and a transmission unit arranged on the bottom frame unit; a displacement compensation structure, comprising a length telescopic unit, a distance adjustment unit, and a limit adjustment unit; a cargo picking structure, comprising a frame structure, a displacement frame that displaces along the height and length directions of the frame structure, and a cargo picker connected to the displacement frame, the cargo picker comprising a suction structure that rotates along the length direction of the displacement frame for top or side suction of cargo;

[0008] In which, the frame structure includes an inner frame and an outer frame that are nested and connected, and the two ends of the length telescopic unit are abutted between the car body and the outer frame, and the distance between the outer frame and the car body is adjusted through telescopic movement; the two ends of the distance adjustment unit are respectively connected to the side frame unit and the outer frame, so that an adjustable frame structure is formed between the length telescopic unit, the distance adjustment unit, the car body and the outer frame to adjust the spatial positioning of the outer frame relative to the car body, and to offset the overturning load caused by the center of gravity offset of the frame structure through the reverse torque generated by the geometric deformation of the adjustable frame structure; the limit adjustment unit is connected to the outer frame and the inner frame to adjust the relative position of the outer frame and the inner frame, and is used to offset the center of gravity offset generated by the inner frame.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the cold chain logistics vehicle described in the present invention, the side frame unit includes a vertical extension plate assembled on the base frame unit, a clamp plate bolted to the vertical extension plate, a metal hinge flexibly connected to the vertical extension plate, an embedded plate hinged to the metal hinge, and side base plates assembled on both sides of the embedded plate, the embedded plate is embedded in the anti-slip boarding frame and fits tightly with the anti-slip carriage.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the cold chain logistics vehicle described in the present invention, the outer frame includes an upper frame, a lower frame integrally connected to the upper frame, multiple groups of pins assembled on both sides of the lower frame, and multiple universal wheels with brakes assembled on the bottom of the lower frame; the number of pins in each group is multiple, and the multiple pins are laid at equal intervals along the height direction of the lower frame.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the cold chain logistics vehicle of the present invention, wherein: the upper frame is configured as two sets of guide rails laid along the length direction of the lower frame, and connecting shafts provided on both outer sides of the guide rails;

[0012] The inner frame is configured as a three-dimensional rectangular structure, which includes a long-axis plate, a vertical plate, and a short-axis plate laid along the length, width, and height directions, and also includes a rectangular base tube connected to the end of the long-axis plate away from the cargo picker, and a connecting column vertically inserted into the rectangular base plate; wherein the long-axis plate, the vertical plate, and the short-axis plate are connected in pairs, and the two groups of the long-axis plates are engaged in the guide rail plate and move the height of the vertical plate along the axial direction of the guide rail plate.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the cold chain logistics vehicle described in the present invention, the surface of the lower frame is provided with a plurality of limit plates arranged along the length direction, and the plurality of limit plates are laid on the side of the lower frame close to the cargo picker. The limit plates are engaged in the long axis plate and are used to guide the linear displacement of the inner frame.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the cold chain logistics vehicle described in the present invention, wherein: the length telescopic unit is configured as a four-axis telescopic arm, one side of which is configured on the upper frame, and the other end abuts on the vehicle body; the distance adjustment unit and the limit adjustment unit both include a first articulated arm; a second articulated arm rotatably connected to the first articulated arm, connected to a first fixed base near the end of the second articulated arm; a second fixed base connected to the second articulated arm, a cylinder is hinged between the first fixed base and the second fixed base, and the cylinder telescopic movement is used to adjust the distance between the first fixed base and the second fixed base to adjust the angle between the first articulated arm and the second articulated arm.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the cold chain logistics vehicle of the present invention, the displacement frame includes a transverse template, vertical templates vertically connected to both ends of the transverse template, a gear guide rail laid on the vertical template, a truss supporting and spanning the two vertical templates, a triangular base plate arranged on the outside of the truss, a rectangular base cylinder arranged on the inside of the truss, and a drive module assembled on the surface of the rectangular base cylinder;

[0016] The vertical template and the gear guide rail pass through the rectangular base tube and are engaged with the truss. The gear guide rail is engaged and driven by the driving module so as to be displaced along the width direction of the displacement frame.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the cold chain logistics vehicle described in the present invention, wherein: the displacement frame also includes a long clamping cylinder laid along the axis of the transverse template, and the cargo picker is engaged in the long clamping cylinder; the cargo picker also includes a base frame, a connecting motor assembled on the base frame, a base shaft that rotates and engages with the base frame, and a circular base fixed on the base shaft; the adsorption structure is connected to the base shaft through the circular base, and the base shaft is driven to rotate by the connecting motor.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the cold chain logistics vehicle described in the present invention, the conveying unit includes an arc-shaped disk, a centering disk connected to one end of the arc-shaped disk, and a transmission belt connected to the end of the centering disk facing away from the arc-shaped disk; the top of the arc-shaped disk is flush with the bottom of the vehicle body, the centering disk is used to receive the goods conveyed by the arc-shaped disk and center it, and the transmission belt is used to receive the goods on the centering disk and transport them.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention integrates unloading, transportation and conveying through the combination of the anti-slip boarding frame with the conveying structure and the unloading structure. The detachable conveying structure and unloading structure do not occupy the internal space of the carriage, and can realize the handling of goods deep in the carriage; among them, in the displacement compensation structure, the adjustable trapezoidal frame composed of the length telescopic unit and the distance adjustment unit can generate a reverse torque through geometric deformation, effectively offset the center of gravity shift and overturning load caused by picking up goods, and cooperate with the multi-point support of the anti-slip boarding frame to enhance the overall stability; and the coordinated work of the limit adjustment unit and the frame structure, through the oblique symmetrical layout and rigid guide constraints, accurately controls the moving trajectory of the inner frame, prevents unexpected displacement caused by the action of the picker, and ensures the positioning accuracy of the pick-up structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the conveying structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure of part A;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the frame structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure of part B;

[0025] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of the C-section structure;

[0026] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of the D-section structure;

[0027] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pickup structure in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified view of the E-section structure;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a detailed structural diagram of the cargo pickup device in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a structural detail diagram of the conveying structure in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 11 This is a structural detail diagram of the first hinged arm in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 12 This is a structural detail diagram of the frame structure in the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals: 11, carriage; 12, anti-slip boarding frame; 13, side frame unit; 14, vertical extension plate; 15, clamp plate; 16, metal hinge; 17, embedded plate; 18, side base plate; 19, chassis unit; 20, transmission unit; 21, arc-shaped plate; 22, centering plate; 23, transmission belt; 24, length extension unit; 25, distance adjustment unit; 26, position adjustment unit; 27, first articulated arm; 28, second articulated arm; 29, first fixed base; 30, second fixed base; 31, cylinder; 32, frame structure; 33, inner frame; 34, major axis plate; 35, vertical plate; 36, center clamp plate; 37, side extension plate; 38, minor axis plate; 39, rectangular base plate; 40. Connecting column; 41. Worm; 42. Driving motor; 43. Outer frame; 44. Upper frame; 45. Guide plate; 46. Connecting shaft; 47. Lower frame; 48. Rectangular frame plate; 49. Lower cross plate; 50. Pin; 51. Limiting plate; 52. Universal wheel; 53. Displacement frame; 54. Horizontal template; 55. Vertical template; 56. Gear guide; 57. Truss; 58. Triangular base plate; 59. Rectangular base tube; 60. Driving module; 61. Displacement motor; 62. Bending rod; 63. Circular base; 64. Long clamping cylinder; 65. Pickup device; 66. Adsorption structure; 67. Front panel; 68. Loading plate; 69. Vacuum adsorption component; 70. Base; 71. Connecting motor; 72. Base shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0037] Reference Figures 1 to 12 As shown in the figure, it is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a cold chain logistics vehicle, including a carriage 11; an anti-skid boarding frame 12 arranged at the rear of the carriage 11 to facilitate workers to step on and climb, and the anti-skid boarding frame 12 is configured as a concave frame plate structure; a conveying structure, which includes a side frame unit 13 hooked on the anti-skid boarding frame 12, a bottom frame unit 19 vertically connected to the side frame unit 13, and a conveying unit 20 arranged on the bottom frame unit 19; wherein, with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 10 As shown, the bottom end of the chassis unit 19 is configured with a bottom frame body and a plurality of moving units arranged on the bottom frame body, and the conveying unit 20 includes an arc-shaped plate 21, a centering plate 22 connected to one end of the arc-shaped plate 21, and a transmission belt 23 connected to the end of the centering plate 22 away from the arc-shaped plate 21; the top end of the arc-shaped plate 21 is flush with the bottom of the carriage 11, the centering plate 22 is used to receive and center the goods conveyed by the arc-shaped plate 21, and the transmission belt 23 is used to receive and convey the goods on the centering plate 22; wherein, the arc-shaped plate 21 is used to receive the goods at a high place and slide them into the centering plate 22 through the action of gravity.

[0038] The displacement compensation structure includes a length expansion unit 24, a distance adjustment unit 25, and a position limit adjustment unit 26. The distance adjustment unit 25 and the position limit adjustment unit 26 have the same structure and achieve different purposes according to their different functions.

[0039] The cargo picking structure includes a frame structure 32, a displacement frame 53 that moves along the height and length of the frame structure 32, and a cargo picker 65 connected to the displacement frame 53. The cargo picker 65 includes a suction structure 66 that rotates along the length of the displacement frame 53 and is used to suck cargo from the top or side.

[0040] Among them, the frame structure 32 includes an inner frame 33 and an outer frame 43 that are nested and connected. The two ends of the length telescopic unit 24 are abutted between the car 11 and the outer frame 43, and the distance between the outer frame 43 and the car 11 is adjusted through telescopic movement; the two ends of the distance adjustment unit 25 are respectively connected to the side frame unit 13 and the outer frame 43, so that an adjustable frame structure is formed between the length telescopic unit 24, the distance adjustment unit 25, the car 11 and the outer frame 43 to adjust the spatial positioning of the outer frame 43 relative to the car 11, and offset the overturning load caused by the center of gravity offset of the frame structure 32 through the reverse torque generated by the geometric deformation of the adjustable frame structure; the limit adjustment unit 26 is connected to the outer frame 43 and the inner frame 33 to adjust the relative position of the outer frame 43 and the inner frame 33, and is used to offset the center of gravity offset generated by the inner frame 33.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the side frame unit 13 includes a vertical extension plate 14 assembled on the base frame unit 19, a clamp plate 15 bolted to the vertical extension plate 14, a metal hinge 16 flexibly connected to the vertical extension plate 14, an embedded plate 17 hinged to the metal hinge 16, and side base plates 18 assembled on both sides of the embedded plate 17. The embedded plate 17 is embedded in the anti-slip boarding frame 12 and fits tightly with the anti-slip carriage 11.

[0042] like Figure 4 、 Figure 12 As shown, the outer frame 43 includes an upper frame 44, a lower frame 47 integrally connected to the upper frame 44, multiple groups of pins 50 assembled on both sides of the lower frame 47, and multiple universal wheels 52 with brakes assembled at the bottom of the lower frame 47; each group of pins 50 has multiple pins, and the multiple pins 50 are laid at equal intervals along the height direction of the lower frame 47.

[0043] The mobile unit proposed above is configured as a universal wheel 52 with a brake.

[0044] like Figure 5 、 Figure 12 As shown, in one embodiment, the lower frame 47 includes two groups of rectangular frame plates 48 arranged longitudinally, and two lower cross plates 49 for connecting the two groups of rectangular frame plates 48; the two lower cross plates 49 are arranged on the top of the rectangular frame plates 48, and are flush with the front and rear end surfaces of the rectangular frame plates 48; the two lower cross plates 49 are used to connect the two groups of rectangular frame plates 48, and make the lower frame 47 form a cover body for covering the base unit 19 and the conveying unit 20; wherein, a plurality of universal wheels 52 with brakes are assembled at the bottom end of the rectangular frame plate 48, so that the lower frame 47 can be portable and moved or suspended on the anti-slip boarding frame 12 by the side frame unit 13, so as to move synchronously with the vehicle.

[0045] In one embodiment, the number of the pins 50 is four groups, each group has multiple pins 50 , and the four groups of pins 50 are evenly laid along the height direction of the two groups of rectangular frame plates 48 .

[0046] like Figure 12 As shown, the upper frame 44 is configured as two sets of guide rails 45 laid along the length direction of the lower frame 47, and connecting shafts 46 provided on both outer sides of the guide rails 45. The two sets of guide rails 45 are symmetrically arranged about the lower frame 47.

[0047] like Figure 8 、 Figure 12 As shown, the inner frame 33 is configured as a three-dimensional rectangular structure, which includes a long axis plate 34, a vertical plate 35, and a short axis plate 38 laid along the length, width and height directions, and also includes a rectangular base tube 59 connected to the end of the long axis plate 34 away from the cargo picker 65, and a connecting column 40 vertically inserted into the rectangular base plate 39; wherein, the long axis plate 34, the vertical plate 35 and the short axis plate 38 are connected in pairs, and the two groups of long axis plates 34 are engaged in the guide rail plate 45 and move the height of the vertical plate 35 along the axial direction of the guide rail plate 45.

[0048] like Figure 3-Figure 5 、 Figure 12 As shown, the height of the long axis plate 34 is higher than that of the guide rail plate 45. The long axis plate 34 includes a central clamping plate 36 located in the middle, and side extension plates 37 connected to both ends of the central clamping plate 36 and bridging the guide rail plate 45. The central clamping plate 36 on the side away from the picker 65 is connected to the connecting column 40 through the side extension plates 37 and the rectangular base plate 39.

[0049] Two supporting plates are vertically inserted on the top of the central clamping plate 36 , and the supporting plates are used to assemble the length telescopic unit 24 so that the length telescopic unit 24 is in a horizontal state.

[0050] A plurality of worms 41 are also assembled between the long axis plates 34. The plurality of worms 41 pass through the long axis plates 34 at the upper end and are connected to a drive motor 42. The displacement frame 53 is threadedly connected to the surface of the worm 41 and is engaged and driven by the worm 41 to achieve up and down reciprocating motion.

[0051] Reference Figure 6 As shown, the surface of the lower frame 47 is provided with a plurality of limit plates 51 arranged along the length direction. The plurality of limit plates 51 are laid on the side of the lower frame 47 close to the cargo picker 65. The limit plates 51 are engaged in the long axis plate 34 and are used to guide the linear displacement of the inner frame 33 and limit the sliding distance of the inner frame 33 in the upper frame 44.

[0052] like Figure 3 、 Figure 11As shown, the length telescopic unit 24 is configured as a four-axis telescopic arm, one side of which is configured on two groups of rectangular frame plates 48 of the upper frame 44, and the other end is abutted on the car body 11; the distance adjustment unit 25 and the limit adjustment unit 26 both include a first articulated arm 27; a second articulated arm 28 rotatably connected to the first articulated arm 27, a first fixed base 29 connected to the first articulated arm 27 near the end of the second articulated arm 28; a second fixed base 30 connected to the second articulated arm 28, and a cylinder 31 is hinged between the first fixed base 29 and the second fixed base 30, and the cylinder 31 telescopically moves to adjust the distance between the first fixed base 29 and the second fixed base 30, so as to adjust the angle between the first articulated arm 27 and the second articulated arm 28.

[0053] Specifically, the frame structure 32 of the cold chain logistics vehicle comprises a nested inner frame 33 and an outer frame 43. Its operating principle is primarily achieved through the coordinated action of components such as the telescopic length unit 24 and the distance adjustment unit 25. The telescopic length unit 24 abuts the carriage 11 and the outer frame 43 at both ends, adjusting the distance between the outer frame 43 and the carriage 11 through telescopic motion, thereby changing the length of the bottom side of the adjustable frame structure. The distance adjustment unit 25 connects the side frame unit 13 and the outer frame 43 at both ends, forming an adjustable frame structure with the telescopic length unit 24, the carriage 11, and the outer frame 43. The cylinder 31 drives the articulated arm to change the trapezoidal hypotenuse angle, adjusting the spatial positioning of the outer frame 43 relative to the carriage 11. When the movement of the pickup structure causes the center of gravity to shift and generate an overturning load, the trapezoidal frame structure generates a reverse torque through geometric deformation. For example, the length expansion unit 24 extends to move the outer frame 43 backward to increase the length of the bottom edge, and the distance adjustment unit 25 cylinder 31 contracts to change the angle of the hypotenuse to move the outer frame 43 upward or sideways. The mechanical reaction force such as the supporting force generated by these deformations is used to offset the overturning torque and maintain the stability of the structure. At the same time, the limit adjustment unit 26 connects the outer frame 43 and the inner frame 33. In the process of adjusting the relative position of the outer frame 43 and the inner frame 33, the center of gravity shift generated by the inner frame 33 is offset through the action of similar articulated arms and cylinders 31, ensuring the stability of the inner frame 33 when sliding in the guide rail. The entire system achieves adaptive load balancing by dynamically adjusting the geometric parameters of the trapezoidal frame, improving the safety of the unloading process and its adaptability to different scenarios.

[0054] like Figure 7-Figure 9 As shown, the displacement frame 53 includes a transverse template 54, vertical templates 55 vertically connected to both ends of the transverse template 54, a gear guide rail 56 laid on the vertical template 55, a truss 57 supporting and spanning the two vertical templates 55, a triangular base plate 58 arranged on the outside of the truss 57, a rectangular base cylinder 59 arranged on the inside of the truss 57, and a driving module 60 assembled on the surface of the rectangular base cylinder 59;

[0055] The vertical template 55 and the gear guide rail 56 pass through the rectangular base tube 59 and are engaged with the truss 57 . The gear guide rail 56 is engaged and driven by the driving module 60 so as to be displaced along the width direction of the displacement frame 53 .

[0056] Specifically, the driving module 60 includes a rotating motor and a rotating gear connected to the output end of the motor. The rotating gear engages with the gear guide rail 56 to drive the gear guide rail 56 to pass through the rectangular base tube 59. The triangular base plate 58 is threadedly connected to the surface of the worm 41 and is driven by the worm 41 to extend the linear displacement in the axial direction of the worm 41.

[0057] The displacement frame 53 also includes a long cartridge 64 laid along the axis of the transverse template 54, and the cargo picker 65 is engaged in the long cartridge 64; the cargo picker 65 also includes a base frame 70, a connecting motor 71 assembled on the base frame 70, a base shaft 72 that rotates and engages on the base frame 70, and a circular base 63 fixed on the base shaft 72; the adsorption structure 66 is connected to the base shaft 72 through the circular base 63, and the base shaft 72 is driven to rotate by the connecting motor 71.

[0058] The picker 65 also includes a displacement motor 61 arranged on the base frame 70 and a bending rod 62 connected to the motor. The bending rod 62 is driven by the displacement motor 61 to push the base frame 70 to move along the length direction of the long cartridge 64.

[0059] The suction structure 66 comprises a front panel 67, a support plate 68 vertically connected to the front panel 67, and multiple vacuum suction elements 69 connected to the side of the front panel 67 facing away from the support plate 68. The vacuum suction elements 69 comprise multiple silicone suction tips and a vacuum pump connected to the silicone suction tips via pipes. When cargo needs to be suctioned, the vacuum pump activates, extracting air from the silicone suction tips and creating a negative pressure between the suction elements and the cargo surface. By leveraging the atmospheric pressure difference, the vacuum suction elements 69 can firmly grasp the cargo, enabling the cargo to be grasped.

[0060] A cargo unloading device comprises a conveying structure, a displacement compensation structure and a cargo picking structure.

[0061] Working Principle: The anti-slip boarding frame 12 of the present invention utilizes a concave frame plate structure, providing both a step for workers to step on and a foundation for the conveyor structure. The conveyor structure's side frame units 13 are embedded and tightly fitted into the anti-slip boarding frame 12 via mounting plates 17. The base frame unit 19 is vertically connected to the side frame units 13 via vertical extension plates 14 and clamp plates 15, forming a stable support framework. Universal wheels 52 at the bottom of the base frame unit 19 allow for portable movement or suspension from the anti-slip boarding frame 12, allowing the cold chain logistics vehicle to move the conveyor structure to different locations for unloading. In the conveying unit 20, the top of the arc-shaped plate 21 is flush with the bottom of the carriage 11. When the picking structure moves the goods out of the carriage 11, the goods can slide directly onto the arc-shaped plate 21 and use gravity to slide along the arc-shaped plate 21 to the centering plate 22. The centering plate 22 corrects the position of the goods to make them centered. Then the transmission belt 23 takes over the centered goods and transports them out of the car to complete the unloading.

[0062] Among them, the structural design of the "metal hinge 16, embedded plate 17 and side base plate 18" in the side frame unit 13 is intended to lay the foundation for the subsequent installation and function realization of the distance adjustment unit 25, and to enhance the adjustment flexibility and stability of the overall device through flexible connection and precise positioning. The flexible connector adopts high-strength wound steel wire rope, wherein the clamp plate 15 and the anti-slip boarding frame 12, and the embedded plate 17 and the anti-slip boarding frame 12 are interference fit connections, ensuring that the side frame unit 13 and the anti-slip boarding frame 12 are tight and stable, avoiding loosening due to bumps during transportation or external force impact during unloading.

[0063] The displacement compensation structure includes a length telescopic unit 24, a distance adjustment unit 25, and a limit adjustment unit 26, which work together to ensure the stability of the frame structure 32. A four-axis telescopic arm abuts the car 11 at one end and connects to the outer frame 43 at the other. This telescopic movement adjusts the distance between the outer frame 43 and the car 11, thereby changing the length of the base of the adjustable trapezoidal frame formed by the car 11, the outer frame 43, the length telescopic unit 24, and the distance adjustment unit 25. The distance adjustment unit 25 is connected to the side frame unit 13 and the outer frame 43 at both ends. A cylinder 31 drives the angles of the first and second articulated arms 27 and 28 within the distance adjustment unit, adjusting the hypotenuse angle of the trapezoidal frame and thus changing the gap between the outer frame 43 and the car 11. This allows the distance between the frame structure 32 and the car 11 to be adjusted according to the length of the cargo in the car 11, facilitating the retrieval of cargo.

[0064] When the pickup unit moves toward the carriage 11 and picks up the cargo, its center of gravity shifts. To ensure that the frame structure 32 can move synchronously with the carriage 11 to different locations for unloading, universal wheels 52 with brakes are installed at the bottom. However, relying solely on the universal wheels 52 for braking is still difficult to cope with the significant center of gravity shift during pickup, which can easily cause the frame structure 32 to shake or even overturn. At this time, the length telescopic unit 24 and the distance adjustment unit 25 in the displacement compensation structure work together; specifically, the inner frame 33 is engaged in the outer frame 43, and the center of gravity deviation caused by the picker 65 picking up the goods or the displacement of the picking structure is transmitted to the outer frame 43. When the picker 65 drives the inner frame 33 to move, the angle of the first articulated arm 27 and the second articulated arm 28 and the length telescopic adjustment of the cylinder 31 are used to form a trapezoidal frame structure between the car 11 and the outer frame 43. This trapezoidal frame structure produces micro-geometric deformation under force, and the reverse torque generated by the geometric deformation of the trapezoidal frame structure offsets the overturning load caused by the center of gravity offset of the frame structure 32, and pulls the offset center of gravity back to the stable range, so as to stabilize the relative position of the outer frame 43 relative to the car 11 and its own stability.

[0065] Among them, part of the overturning load generated by the outer frame 43 is transmitted to the vehicle through the length telescopic unit 24, and part of it is transmitted to the embedded plate 17 and the anti-slip boarding frame 12 through the first articulated arm 27 and the second articulated arm 28 with fixed angles, so that the force of the frame structure 32 can be dispersed to the car body 11 through the anti-slip boarding frame 12, and together with the universal wheel 52, form a "multi-point support + dynamic adjustment" stability system, and finally realize the stability of the unloading structure during the unloading process.

[0066] Secondly, during the process of the picker 65 picking up items, although the inner frame 33 is clamped within the upper frame 44 and is only allowed to move along the axis, it may still experience relative displacement due to the dynamic movement of the picker 65. Specifically, the gripping force of the picker 65 when it absorbs the items, the torque of its rotational movement, and the displacement inertia force are transmitted to the inner frame 33 through the displacement frame 53, causing the inner frame 33 to experience unintended movement or wiggle along the axis.

[0067] When the inner frame 33 is placed in the outer frame 43, one side of its limit plate 51 is opposite to the inner frame 33, and the inner frame 33 only moves toward the car 11 relative to the outer frame 43. At this time, the two groups of limit adjustment units 26 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame structure 32 away from the car 11. The first articulated arm 27 of the limit adjustment unit 26 is hinged to the connecting column 40 of the inner frame 33, and the second articulated arm 28 is hinged to the pin shaft 50 on the rear side of the lower frame 47. When the limit plate 51 is engaged with the inner side of the long axis plate 34 of the inner frame 33, it forms a precise coordinated constraint system with the limit adjustment unit 26.

[0068] Reference Figure 11As shown, according to the position of the limit adjustment unit 26 in the figure, the limit adjustment unit 26 is located oppositely on the side of the frame structure 32 facing away from the car 11. The cylinder 31 is used to extend and retract the first and second articulated arms 27 and 28, driving the angles. This causes multiple pins 50 to abut against the second articulated arms 28 to create resistance. The limit adjustment unit 26 generates tension away from the car 11. When the inner frame 33 tends to move toward the car 11, the two sets of limit adjustment units 26 on the side facing away from the car 11 immediately activate their coordinated working mechanism. The cylinder 31 drives a slight change in the angle between the first and second articulated arms 27 and 28, thereby generating tension away from the car 11. During this process, the pins 50 on the rear side of the lower frame 47 tightly abut against the second articulated arms 28, forming a fulcrum and providing stable support.

[0069] When the inner frame 33 moves toward the carriage 11, part of the inner frame 33 is grafted onto the bottom wall of the carriage 11 for support, allowing it to access cargo deep inside the carriage 11. Two sets of limit adjustment units 26 are symmetrically arranged on the side of the frame structure 32 that faces the carriage 11 and the side that faces away from the carriage 11. In the set of limit adjustment units 26 that faces the carriage 11, the first hinged arm 27 of the limit adjustment unit 26 is hinged to the connecting column 40 of the inner frame 33, and the second hinged arm 28 of the limit adjustment unit 26 is hinged to the pin 50 on the front side of the lower frame 47. In the set of limit adjustment units 26 that faces away from the carriage 11, the first hinged arm 27 of the limit adjustment unit 26 is hinged to the connecting column 40 on one side of the inner frame 33, and the second hinged arm 28 is hinged to the pin 50 on the rear side of the lower frame 47. The two sets of limit adjustment units 26 form an obliquely symmetrical structure. This layout can constrain and support the inner frame 33 from different directions. As the pickup 65 moves toward the carriage 11 and picks up the cargo, the inner frame 33 is forced toward the carriage 11. At this point, the cylinder 31 of the position-limiting adjustment unit 26, which is located toward the carriage 11, contracts slightly, pulling the angle between the first and second articulated arms 27 and 28 closer. This, in turn, directly applies reverse resistance to the inner frame 33 through the tension between the connecting post 40 and the front pin 50 of the lower frame 47. Simultaneously, the cylinder 31 of the position-limiting adjustment unit 26, which is located away from the carriage 11, extends slightly, pushing the angle between the first and second articulated arms 27 and 28 closer. This, coupled with the oblique thrust at the hinge point, pulls the inner frame 33 back from the other side, away from the carriage 11. The synergistic effect of these two units, through the force couple formed by the oblique tension and thrust, precisely offsets the inner frame 33's tendency to deviate, firmly confining it to its axis.

[0070] Of course, the above contents are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above examples. Equivalent changes and improvements made by ordinary technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should all fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

[0071] Finally, a few points should be explained: First, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, and may refer to mechanical or electrical connections, internal communication between two components, or direct connection. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change.

[0072] Secondly: The drawings of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention only involve structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention. Other structures may refer to conventional designs. The same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0073] Finally: The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cold chain logistics vehicle, characterized in that: include: Carriage (11); An anti-slip boarding frame (12) provided at the rear of the carriage (11); A conveying structure comprising a side frame unit (13) hooked on an anti-slip boarding frame (12), a bottom frame unit (19) vertically connected to the side frame unit (13), and a transmission unit (20) disposed on the bottom frame unit (19); A displacement compensation structure comprising a length expansion unit (24), a distance adjustment unit (25), and a position limit adjustment unit (26); A cargo picking structure comprising a frame structure (32), a displacement frame (53) displaced along the height and length directions of the frame structure (32), and a cargo picking device (65) connected to the displacement frame (53), wherein the cargo picking device (65) comprises a suction structure (66) rotating along the length direction of the displacement frame (53) for top suction or side suction of cargo; The frame structure (32) includes an inner frame (33) and an outer frame (43) that are nested and connected. The two ends of the length telescopic unit (24) are abutted between the car body (11) and the outer frame (43), and the distance between the outer frame (43) and the car body (11) is adjusted by telescopic movement. The two ends of the distance adjustment unit (25) are respectively connected to the side frame unit (13) and the outer frame (43), so that the length telescopic unit (24), the distance adjustment unit (25), the car body (11) and the outer frame (43) form an adjustable frame structure to adjust the spatial positioning of the outer frame (43) relative to the car body (11), and to offset the overturning load generated by the center of gravity offset of the frame structure (32) through the reverse moment generated by the geometric deformation of the adjustable frame structure. The limit adjustment unit (26) is connected to the outer frame (43) and the inner frame (33) to adjust the relative position of the outer frame (43) and the inner frame (33), and is used to offset the center of gravity offset generated by the inner frame (33).

2. The cold chain logistics vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side frame unit (13) includes a vertical extension plate (14) mounted on the bottom frame unit (19), a clamp plate (15) bolted to the vertical extension plate (14), a metal hinge (16) flexibly connected to the vertical extension plate (14), an embedded plate (17) hinged to the metal hinge (16), and side base plates (18) mounted on both sides of the embedded plate (17). The embedded plate (17) is embedded in the anti-skid boarding frame (12) and tightly fits with the anti-skid carriage (11).

3. The cold chain logistics vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer frame (43) includes an upper frame (44), a lower frame (47) integrally connected to the upper frame (44), a plurality of pins (50) mounted on both sides of the lower frame (47), and a plurality of universal wheels (52) with brakes mounted on the bottom of the lower frame (47); each group of the pins (50) has a plurality of pins, and the plurality of pins (50) are laid at equal intervals along the height direction of the lower frame (47).

4. The cold chain logistics vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper frame (44) is configured as two sets of guide rail plates (45) laid along the length direction of the lower frame (47), and connecting shafts (46) arranged on both outer sides of the guide rail plates (45); The inner frame (33) is configured as a three-dimensional rectangular structure, which includes a long axis plate (34), a vertical plate (35), and a short axis plate (38) laid along the length, width and height directions, and also includes a rectangular base tube (59) connected to the end of the long axis plate (34) away from the picker (65), and a connecting column (40) vertically inserted into the rectangular base plate (39); wherein the long axis plate (34), the vertical plate (35) and the short axis plate (38) are connected in pairs, and the two groups of the long axis plates (34) are engaged in the guide plate (45) and move along the axial direction of the guide plate (45) to the height of the vertical plate (35).

5. The cold chain logistics vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The surface of the lower frame (47) is provided with a plurality of limit plates (51) arranged along the length direction. The plurality of limit plates (51) are laid on one side of the lower frame (47) close to the picker (65). The limit plates (51) are engaged in the long axis plate (34) and are used to guide the linear displacement of the inner frame (33).

6. The cold chain logistics vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The length telescopic unit (24) is configured as a four-axis telescopic arm, one side of which is configured on the upper frame (44) and the other end is abutted against the carriage (11); the distance adjustment unit (25) and the limit adjustment unit (26) both include a first articulated arm (27); a second articulated arm (28) rotatably connected to the first articulated arm (27); a first fixed base (29) connected to the first articulated arm (27) near the end of the second articulated arm (28); and a second fixed base (30) connected to the second articulated arm (28). A cylinder (31) is hinged between the first fixed base (29) and the second fixed base (30), and the cylinder (31) telescopically moves to adjust the distance between the first fixed base (29) and the second fixed base (30), so as to adjust the angle between the first articulated arm (27) and the second articulated arm (28).

7. The cold chain logistics vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The displacement frame (53) includes a transverse template (54), a vertical template (55) vertically connected to both ends of the transverse template (54), a gear guide rail (56) laid on the vertical template (55), a truss (57) supporting and spanning the two vertical templates (55), a triangular base plate (58) arranged on the outside of the truss (57), a rectangular base tube (59) arranged on the inside of the truss (57), and a driving module (60) assembled on the surface of the rectangular base tube (59); The vertical template (55) and the gear guide rail (56) pass through the rectangular base tube (59) and are engaged with the truss (57). The gear guide rail (56) is driven by the driving module (60) to move along the width direction of the displacement frame (53).

8. The cold chain logistics vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The displacement frame (53) further includes a long cartridge (64) laid along the axis of the transverse template (54), and the picker (65) is engaged in the long cartridge (64); the picker (65) further includes a base frame (70), a connecting motor (71) assembled on the base frame (70), a base shaft (72) that rotates and engages on the base frame (70), and a circular base (63) fixed on the base shaft (72); the adsorption structure (66) is connected to the base shaft (72) through the circular base (63), and the base shaft (72) is driven to rotate by the connecting motor (71).

9. The cold chain logistics vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The conveying unit (20) comprises an arc-shaped disc (21), a centering disc (22) connected to one end of the arc-shaped disc (21), and a transmission belt (23) connected to one end of the centering disc (22) away from the arc-shaped disc (21); the top end of the arc-shaped disc (21) is flush with the bottom of the carriage (11); the centering disc (22) is used to receive and center the goods conveyed by the arc-shaped disc (21); and the transmission belt (23) is used to receive and convey the goods from the centering disc (22).

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