Fermented cake fertilizer, preparation method and application of fermented cake fertilizer to crops

Abstract

The invention discloses a fermented cake fertilizer, a preparation method and application of the fermented cake fertilizer to crops, and the preparation method of the fermented cake fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking rape seed cakes and bean cakes, crushing the rape seed cakes and the bean cakes, and adding water to keep the moisture content of the crushed rape seed cakes and bean cakes at 50-60% to obtain a cake material; the method comprises the following steps: inoculating a microbial agent in a cake material according to a ratio of the microbial agent volume to the dry weight of the cake material being 0.5-2% (v / w), stacking the cake material, turning the stack every 2-3 days after stacking, supplementing water to maintain the water content, controlling the temperature in the stack to be 35-45 DEG C, and fermenting for 10-15 days to obtain the fermented cake fertilizer. The microbial agent comprises lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes, aspergillus niger and bacillus megatherium. According to the fermented cake fertilizer disclosed by the invention, after organic matters in the cake material are subjected to synergistic fermentation treatment by the saccharomycetes, the aspergillus niger and the bacillus megatherium in the fungicide, the nutritional ingredients are more balanced, the quality of crops is remarkably improved after the fermented cake fertilizer is applied, and the nutritional value of the crops is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biological fertilizers, in particular to a fermented cake fertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof on crops. Background Art

[0002] While modern agricultural production is improving food supply capacity, it also faces numerous challenges. While long-term reliance on chemical fertilizers has increased crop yields, it has also led to a series of problems, including soil degradation, environmental pollution, and reduced agricultural product quality. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers has led to a decrease in soil organic matter content, an imbalance in soil microbial communities, and a reduction in the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water, impacting the normal growth of crops. Furthermore, excessive fertilizer use can cause eutrophication of water bodies, causing irreversible damage to the ecological environment. Therefore, finding more environmentally friendly and efficient soil improvement measures, reducing fertilizer application, and improving soil health are key areas for sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] Organic fertilizers, rich in organic matter and a variety of essential plant nutrients, are becoming increasingly important options for soil improvement and crop nutrition management. Cake fertilizer, a widely available and nutrient-rich organic fertilizer, has garnered increasing attention. Cake fertilizer is a byproduct of oil-pressing from oilseed crops (such as beans, rapeseed, and sesame). Rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic carbon, it provides a long-term, stable source of nutrients for crops. However, direct application of unprocessed cake fertilizer to soil can negatively impact crop growth and even cause soil diseases due to the presence of undecomposed high-molecular-weight organic matter and anti-nutritional factors (such as glucosinolates and phytic acid). Therefore, the scientific processing of cake fertilizer to ensure its nutrient stability and improved crop absorption is a key topic in agricultural research.

[0004] Current research indicates that fermentation is an effective method for improving the efficiency of cake fertilizer and optimizing its nutrient structure. Through microbial fermentation or natural composting, macromolecular organic matter in cake fertilizer can be degraded into easily absorbable small molecules, while harmful components are degraded or converted, thereby improving fertilizer efficiency and reducing adverse effects on crops. Fermented cake fertilizer can improve soil structure, enhance soil aeration and water and fertilizer retention, promote the growth of beneficial soil microorganisms, and enhance the stability of the soil ecosystem. Fermented cake fertilizer can also improve crop quality. For example, prior art (such as CN 118598693A) discloses enzymatically fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer specifically for tea gardens, produced by fermenting rapeseed cake with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and yeast. This fertilizer promotes the accumulation of amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids in new tea shoots, enhancing the freshness and flavor of tea leaves.

[0005] The core goal of this research team is to explore the fermentation technology of cake fertilizer and its application in agriculture. The team focuses on screening microbial agents and analyzing the effects of fermented cake fertilizers produced using these agents on crop quality. By studying the fermentation processes of different types of cakes (such as soybean cake and rapeseed cake), the team aims to develop a new fermentation process for cake fertilizer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a fermented cake fertilizer, a preparation method and its application on crops, so as to solve the problems raised in the above technical background.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fermented cake fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Material preparation: Crush the rapeseed cake and soybean cake to increase the contact area between microorganisms and organic matter. Then add an appropriate amount of water as needed to keep the moisture content at 50% to 60% to obtain cake material.

[0010] S2. Inoculate the cake with a microbial inoculant at a rate of 0.5-2% (v / w) of inoculant volume to cake dry weight. Stack the cake into trapezoidal strips (based on the compactness of the cake when naturally stacked). Turn the pile every 2-3 days and add water to maintain a moisture content of 50-60% throughout the composting process. Measure the temperature daily and maintain it at 35-45°C. This temperature range effectively promotes microbial growth while preventing high temperatures from damaging bacterial activity. Regular turning of the pile is required during fermentation to ensure oxygen supply and promote microbial metabolism. Fermentation takes 10-15 days.

[0011] S3. When the pH value of the pile is measured to be stable at 6.5-7.5 for three consecutive days and the material humification coefficient H>0.7, the fermentation can be stopped to obtain the fermented cake fertilizer and enter the subsequent fertilization stage.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of rapeseed cake to soybean cake is 7:3.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the microbial agent comprises lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus megaterium.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the total effective viable bacteria of the microbial agent is 5.0×10 8 ~1.5×10 9CFU / ml, among which the ratio of viable bacteria count of lactic acid bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: Aspergillus niger: Bacillus megaterium is (2.0~3.0): (2.0~3.0): (1.0~2.0): (1.8~2.2): (1.0~2.0).

[0015] More preferably, the ratio of the number of viable bacteria of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus megaterium is 2.5:2.5:1.5:2.0:1.5.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the lactic acid bacteria selected are Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, the yeast selected are Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508, the Aspergillus niger selected are Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, and the Bacillus megaterium selected are Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581, all of which are purchased from Beijing Biobowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The actinomycetes selected are Streptomyces griseus CGMCC No. 4.1962, purchased from the China General Microorganism Collection Center.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the cake materials are stacked into a trapezoidal strip stack with a stack length of 50 meters, a top width of 2.0 meters, a bottom width of 4.0 meters, and a stack height of 1.5 meters.

[0018] The second aspect of the present invention provides a fermented cake fertilizer prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing a fermented cake fertilizer.

[0019] In a third aspect, the present invention provides application of fermented cake fertilizer in crop planting.

[0020] Preferably, fermented cake fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention uses microbial agents (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus megaterium) to ferment the cake material, which can efficiently degrade organic matter and produce organic acids, antibacterial substances, etc. during the fermentation process, significantly improving the quality of crops, especially in terms of flavor and nutritional content of crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the bean cake raw material used in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the rapeseed cake raw material used in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a bar graph showing the effects of different fertilizers on the soluble sugar and soluble protein content in cabbage;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a bar graph showing the effects of different fertilizers on the vitamin C content in cabbage;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a bar graph showing the effects of different fertilizers on nitrate content in cabbage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. The details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other unless they conflict.

[0029] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are merely schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the illustrations only show components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape, and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity, and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complex.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] This embodiment provides a fermentation cake fertilizer, and the specific preparation method includes the following steps:

[0032] S1. Prepare the materials: Take rapeseed cake and bean cake, crush them and add water to keep the moisture content at about 55% to obtain cake material. The mass ratio of rapeseed cake to bean cake is 7:3. Bean cake is a by-product of soybean oil extraction, and rapeseed cake is a by-product of rapeseed oil extraction. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 shown.

[0033] S2. Inoculate the cake with a microbial agent at a volume percentage of 1.0% (v / w) of the dry weight of the cake. Pile the cake into a trapezoidal pile (based on the compactness of the cake when it is naturally piled). Turn the pile every 3 days and add water to maintain a moisture content of about 55% throughout the entire composting process. Measure the temperature once a day and control the temperature inside the pile at 35-45°C. Fermentation takes 13 days. The microbial agent contains lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus megaterium. The total effective viable bacteria of the microbial agent is 1.0×10 9CFU / ml, with a viable cell count ratio of lactic acid bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: Aspergillus niger: Bacillus megaterium of 2.5:2.5:1.5:2.0:1.5. Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, and Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 were purchased from Beijing Biobowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Actinomycetes were Streptomyces griseus CGMCC No. 4.1962, purchased from the China General Microorganism Collection Center. Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508, Streptomyces griseus CGMCC No. 4.1962, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, and Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 were activated and cultured according to conventional methods to obtain the corresponding bacterial suspensions.

[0034] S3. After 10 days of fermentation, if the pH value of the pile fluctuates within the range of 6.9±0.2 for 3 consecutive days and the humification coefficient H of the material after 13 days of fermentation is 0.87, the fermentation can be stopped, the fermentation cake fertilizer is obtained, and the subsequent fertilization stage is entered. The specific determination of the humification coefficient H is based on the method in the national standard GB / T 32985-2013 "Determination of the decomposition degree of organic fertilizers".

[0035] Example 2

[0036] This embodiment provides a fermentation cake fertilizer, and the specific preparation method includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Prepare the ingredients: Grind rapeseed cake and soybean cake, add water to maintain a moisture content of about 55%, and obtain the cake material. The mass ratio of rapeseed cake to soybean cake is 7:3.

[0038] S2. Inoculate the cake with microbial agents at a volume percentage of 2.0% (v / w) of the dry weight of the cake. Pile the cake into a long trapezoidal pile (based on the solidity of the cake when naturally piled). The pile is 60 meters long, 2.0 meters wide at the top, 4.0 meters wide at the bottom, and 1.5 meters high. Turn the pile every 3 days after stacking, and add water to maintain a moisture content of about 55% throughout the entire stacking process. Measure the temperature once a day to control the temperature inside the pile at 35-45°C. The fermentation time is 14 days. The microbial agents include lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus megaterium. The total effective viable bacteria of the microbial agent is 5.0×10 8CFU / ml, with a viable cell count ratio of lactic acid bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: Aspergillus niger: Bacillus megaterium of 3.0:2.0:2.0:1.8:1.0. Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, and Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 were purchased from Beijing Biobowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Actinomycetes: Streptomyces griseus CGMCC No. 4.1962, purchased from the China General Microorganism Collection Center.

[0039] S3. After 10 days of fermentation, when the pH value of the pile fluctuates within 6.8±0.2 and the humification coefficient of the material after 13 days of fermentation is H=0.82, the fermentation can be stopped to obtain the fermented cake fertilizer and enter the subsequent fertilization stage.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] This embodiment provides a fermentation cake fertilizer, and the specific preparation method includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. Prepare the ingredients: Grind rapeseed cake and soybean cake, add water to maintain a moisture content of about 55%, and obtain the cake material. The mass ratio of rapeseed cake to soybean cake is 7:3.

[0043] S2. Inoculate the cake with microbial agents at a volume percentage of 0.5% (v / w) of the dry weight of the cake. Pile the cake into a long trapezoidal pile (based on the solidity of the cake when it is naturally piled). The pile is 60 meters long, 2.0 meters wide at the top, 4.0 meters wide at the bottom, and 1.5 meters high. Turn the pile every 3 days after stacking, and add water to maintain the moisture content of about 55% throughout the entire stacking process. Measure the temperature once a day and control the temperature inside the pile at 35-45°C. The fermentation time is 15 days. The microbial agents include lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus megaterium. The total effective live bacteria of the microbial agent is 1.5×10 9 CFU / ml, with a viable cell count ratio of lactic acid bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: Aspergillus niger: Bacillus megaterium of 2.0:3.0:1.0:2.2:2.0. Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, and Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 were purchased from Beijing Biobowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Actinomycetes: Streptomyces griseus CGMCC No. 4.1962, purchased from the China General Microorganism Collection Center.

[0044] S3. After 11 days of fermentation, when the pH value of the pile fluctuates within 7.1±0.2 and the humification coefficient of the material after 14 days of fermentation is H=0.81, the fermentation can be stopped to obtain the fermented cake fertilizer and enter the subsequent fertilization stage.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] This comparative example is similar to Example 1, except that the microbial agent does not contain Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508.

[0047] Comparative Example 2

[0048] This comparative example is similar to Example 1, except that the microbial agent does not contain Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] This comparative example is similar to Example 1, except that the microbial agent does not contain Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581.

[0051] Comparative Example 4

[0052] This comparative example is similar to Example 1, except that the microbial agent does not contain Streptomyces griseus CGMCC No.4.1962.

[0053] Application example: Effect of fermented cake fertilizer on cabbage quality

[0054] 1.1 Test Overview

[0055] A field experiment was conducted in 2024 at a vegetable base in Panjiawan Town, Jiayu County, Xianning City, Hubei Province. The soil type was yellow-brown soil, and the previous crop was Chinese cabbage. Soil samples from the topsoil layer (0-20 cm) before the experiment revealed the following main physical and chemical properties: pH 6.30, organic matter content 26.15 g / kg, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 181.56 mg / kg, available phosphorus content 78.43 mg / kg, and available potassium content 156.25 mg / kg.

[0056] The test variety is Ochina cabbage, sown on August 20, 2023; transplanted on September 25; 30 days after transplanting, it is the rosette stage; 35 days after the rosette stage, it is the heading stage; mature and harvested in mid-to-late December.

[0057] Fertilizers used in the tests were: compound fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 15:15:15; urea containing 46% N; and fermented cake fertilizer from Example 1, containing 60.2% organic matter, 5.40% N, 2.01% P2O5, and 1.52% K2O. The dosages used in Comparative Examples 1-3 were the same as in Example 1.

[0058] 1.2 Experimental design

[0059] The experiment has 8 treatments in total, namely:

[0060] CK1: no fertilizer (blank control).

[0061] CK2: Conventional fertilization (1500kg·hm⁻² of base fertilizer and compound fertilizer + 112.5kg·hm⁻² of urea at the rosette stage and the heart stage).

[0062] T1: Reduce chemical fertilizer application by 20% (base fertilizer and compound fertilizer 1200kg·hm⁻² + topdressing the same as CK2).

[0063] S1: Reduce chemical fertilizer application by 20% + full amount of fermented cake fertilizer (base fertilizer and compound fertilizer 1200kg·hm⁻² + fermented cake fertilizer obtained in Example 1 1167kg·hm⁻² + topdressing the same as CK2).

[0064] D1: Reduce chemical fertilizer application by 20% + full amount of fermented cake fertilizer (base fertilizer and compound fertilizer 1200kg·hm⁻² + fermented cake fertilizer obtained in comparative example 1 1167kg·hm⁻² + topdressing the same as CK2).

[0065] D2: Reduce chemical fertilizer application by 20% + full amount of fermented cake fertilizer (base fertilizer and compound fertilizer 1200kg·hm⁻² + fermented cake fertilizer obtained in comparative example 2 1167kg·hm⁻² + topdressing the same as CK2).

[0066] D3: Reduce the application of chemical fertilizers by 20% + full amount of fermented cake fertilizer (base fertilizer and compound fertilizer 1200kg·hm⁻² + fermented cake fertilizer obtained in comparative example 3 1167kg·hm⁻² + topdressing the same as CK2).

[0067] D4: Reduce chemical fertilizer application by 20% + full amount of fermented cake fertilizer (base fertilizer and compound fertilizer 1200kg·hm⁻² + fermented cake fertilizer obtained in comparative example 4 1167kg·hm⁻² + topdressing the same as CK2).

[0068] Each treatment was repeated three times, with a total of 24 plots, and randomized blocks were set up. Each plot had an area of ​​20m 2 The row spacing was 50 cm × 40 cm. Other field management procedures were the same except for fertilization. Base fertilizer: a mixture of compound fertilizer and fermented cake fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer. Topdressing: urea was applied twice according to the CK2 protocol (112.5 kg·hm² each at the rosette stage and the heart-forming stage).

[0069] 1.3 Measurement items and methods

[0070] Quality: Ten cabbage heads were randomly selected from each plot, and one-quarter of each was taken back to the laboratory for quality testing. Vitamin C content was determined using 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration; soluble sugar content was determined using anthrone colorimetry; nitrate content was determined using salicylic acid colorimetry; and soluble protein content was determined using the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 method. The statistical data are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1

[0072] Group Soluble sugar (%) VC (mg / 100g) Soluble protein (mg / g) Nitrate (mg / kg) CK1 3.06±0.12 36.2±0.72 1.47±0.06 736±43.1 CK2 3.31±0.15 44.4±0.53 1.72±0.05 1037±56.8 T1 3.18±0.16 40.6±0.64 1.52±0.07 974±47.2 S1 4.34±0.18 58.3±0.85 2.05±0.09 812±45.4 D1 3.62±0.21 47.1±0.63 1.88±0.05 904±58.3 D2 3.61±0.17 46.8±0.71 1.87±0.04 917±46.9 D3 3.59±0.12 45.6±0.87 1.86±0.07 925±51.2 D4 3.65±0.15 48.4±0.64 1.90±0.08 891±46.7

[0073] From Table 1 and Figure 3-5 It can be seen that compared with the control treatment without fertilization, each fertilization treatment increased the content of soluble sugar, VC, and soluble protein in cabbage. The content of soluble sugar, VC, and soluble protein in the cabbage treated with fermented cake fertilizer + chemical fertilizer in Example 1 was significantly higher than that in comparative examples 1-4. At the same time, compared with the single chemical fertilizer treatment, the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and VC in the cabbage treated with fermented cake fertilizer + chemical fertilizer in comparative examples 1-4 increased, but the effect was not significantly different from that of single chemical fertilizer application. Therefore, biological organic fertilizer can significantly increase the content of soluble sugar, VC, and soluble protein in cabbage and improve the quality of cabbage.

[0074] The nitrate content in the cabbage of each fertilization treatment increased compared with the unfertilized control group CK1. Compared with the single fertilizer treatment CK2, the nitrate content in the cabbage of each fermented cake fertilizer treatment decreased. The fermented cake fertilizer obtained in Example 1 reduced the nitrate content by 21.7% compared with the single fertilizer application.

[0075] The above-described embodiments merely represent specific implementations of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing fermented cake fertilizer, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Prepare materials: Take rapeseed cake and soybean cake, grind them, add water to keep the moisture content at 50-60%, and obtain cake material; S2. Inoculate microbial agents into the cake material, pile the cake material, turn the pile every 2-3 days, and add water to maintain a moisture content of 50-60% throughout the composting process. Measure the temperature once a day and control the temperature inside the pile at 35-45°C. The fermentation time is 10-15 days. The microbial agents include lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus megaterium. S3. When the pH value of the pile is measured to be stable at 6.5-7.5 for three consecutive days and the material humification coefficient H>0.7, the fermentation can be stopped to obtain the fermented cake fertilizer and enter the subsequent fertilization stage.

2. The method for preparing a fermented cake fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the mass ratio of rapeseed cake to soybean cake is 7:

3.

3. The preparation method of a fermentation cake fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, the total effective living bacteria of the microbial agent is 5.0×10 8 ~1.5×10 9 CFU / ml, among which the ratio of viable bacteria count of lactic acid bacteria: yeast: actinomycetes: Aspergillus niger: Bacillus megaterium is (2.0~3.0): (2.0~3.0): (1.0~2.0): (1.8~2.2): (1.0~2.0).

4. The method for preparing a fermented cake fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein Inoculate at a volume of 0.5-2% (v / w) of the dry weight of the cake.

5. The method for preparing a fermented cake fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein The ratio of live bacteria counts of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, Aspergillus niger, and Bacillus megaterium was 2.5:2.5:1.5:2.0:1.

5.

6. The method for preparing a fermented cake fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein The lactic acid bacteria is Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, the actinomycetes is Streptomyces glaucoides CGMCC No. 4.1962, the Aspergillus niger is Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, and the Bacillus megaterium is Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581.

7. The method for preparing a fermented cake fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein The yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508.

8. The method for preparing a fermented cake fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, the cake materials are stacked into a trapezoidal strip stack.

9. The fermentation cake fertilizer prepared by the method for preparing a fermentation cake fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the fermented cake fertilizer prepared by the method for preparing the fermented cake fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in crop planting.

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