Single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method and related device

Abstract

The invention provides a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method and a related device, and relates to the field of meteorological observation.An electronic device measures a to-be-measured lightning through a multi-station system to obtain a first positioning sequence of the to-be-measured lightning, and measures the to-be-measured lightning through a single-station interferometer to obtain a second positioning sequence of the to-be-measured lightning; determining a plurality of reference elements from the first positioning sequence according to the second positioning sequence; wherein each reference element represents an element having the same two-dimensional positioning information as the element in the second positioning sequence; and adding missing positioning information to the remaining elements in the second positioning sequence according to the plurality of reference elements to obtain a third positioning sequence. Therefore, by skillfully combining the characteristics of the multi-station system and the single-station interferometer, the accuracy of the time resolution is ensured, and the defect of the single-station interferometer in three-dimensional positioning is overcome, so that the technical effect of considering the time resolution and the three-dimensional positioning is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of meteorological observation, and more specifically, to a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method and related devices. Background Art

[0002] Lightning discharges are extremely rapid and occur over vast spatial scales. Their electromagnetic radiation spans multiple frequency bands, from very high frequency (VHF) to low frequency (LF). High-resolution spatial and temporal localization of lightning radiation sources is not only fundamental for revealing discharge mechanisms and quantifying energy transmission pathways, but also provides a key support for refined lightning early warning, aerospace launch safety assessments, and the development of next-generation lightning protection technologies.

[0003] Currently, the more common lightning measurement methods include multi-station system methods and single-station interferometer (INTF) methods. However, single-station interferometers have extremely high time resolution and can capture rapidly changing lightning signals with nanosecond accuracy. However, their functionality is limited in that they can only provide two-dimensional angular information of the radiation source, namely azimuth and elevation, and cannot directly measure the distance parameters of the radiation source. Therefore, single-station equipment cannot restore the position relationship in three-dimensional space, and thus cannot calculate the propulsion speed and related dynamic characteristics of the lightning channel.

[0004] In contrast, while multi-station systems can achieve three-dimensional positioning and provide precise distance data through the coordinated operation of multiple stations, their sampling period is typically in the tens of microseconds, resulting in low temporal resolution, making it difficult to fully record fast pulse sequences at the microsecond or even sub-microsecond level. Consequently, this lack of temporal resolution makes it easy for multi-station systems to miss key transient details, significantly limiting data integrity when studying high-speed phenomena such as leader discharges and K events.

[0005] Therefore, how to break through the technical bottleneck of two-dimensional positioning while maintaining the high time resolution and low cost advantages of single-station equipment has become an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome at least one of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method and related devices, specifically including:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method, the method comprising:

[0008] Measuring the lightning to be measured using a multi-station system to obtain a first positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the first positioning sequence records three-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured;

[0009] Measuring the lightning to be measured by a single-station interferometer to obtain a second positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the second positioning sequence records two-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured;

[0010] determining, from the first positioning sequence according to the second positioning sequence, a plurality of reference elements, wherein each of the reference elements represents an element having the same two-dimensional positioning information as an element in the second positioning sequence;

[0011] The missing positioning information is added to the remaining elements in the second positioning sequence according to the multiple reference elements to obtain a third positioning sequence.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application provides a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement device, the device comprising:

[0013] a lightning measurement module, configured to measure a lightning to be measured using a multi-station system to obtain a first positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the first positioning sequence records three-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured;

[0014] The lightning measurement module is further configured to measure the lightning to be measured using a single-station interferometer to obtain a second positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the second positioning sequence records two-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured;

[0015] a data matching module, configured to determine a plurality of reference elements from the first positioning sequence according to the second positioning sequence, wherein each reference element represents an element having the same two-dimensional positioning information as an element in the second positioning sequence;

[0016] A data analysis module is configured to add missing positioning information to the remaining elements in the second positioning sequence according to the multiple reference elements to obtain a third positioning sequence.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present application provides a storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method.

[0018] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the computer program implements the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present application provides a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method and related devices. The electronic device measures the lightning to be measured through a multi-station system to obtain a first positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the first positioning sequence records the three-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured; the electronic device measures the lightning to be measured through a single-station interferometer to obtain a second positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured; wherein each element in the second positioning sequence records the two-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured; based on the second positioning sequence, multiple reference elements are determined from the first positioning sequence; wherein each reference element represents an element with the same two-dimensional positioning information as an element in the second positioning sequence; and based on the multiple reference elements, the missing positioning information is added to the remaining elements in the second positioning sequence to obtain a third positioning sequence. In this way, by cleverly combining the characteristics of the multi-station system and the single-station interferometer, the accuracy of the time resolution is guaranteed, and the shortcomings of the single-station interferometer in three-dimensional positioning are compensated, thereby achieving the technical effect of balancing time resolution and three-dimensional positioning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 The second flow chart of the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 The third flow chart of the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application (hereinafter referred to as the present embodiments) clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0028] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0030] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0031] Based on the above statement, as introduced in the background technology, how to break through the technical bottleneck of two-dimensional positioning while maintaining the high time resolution and low cost advantages of single-station equipment.

[0032] To make the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in this embodiment easier to understand, the principles of the single-station interferometer method and the multi-station system are first explained below.

[0033] For multi-station systems, the technical principle is to achieve three-dimensional positioning based on the time characteristics of signal propagation. Specifically, taking the multi-station (Time of Arrival / Lightning Mapping Array, TOA / LMA) technology as an example, the LMA system consists of multiple base stations, which are usually grouped in groups of 6 to 12 or more and distributed in a large geographical area. When lightning occurs, the electromagnetic radiation pulse it generates will propagate in all directions at the speed of light and be received by the antennas of each base station. Due to the differences in the distance between different base stations and the radiation source, the time when each base station receives the same pulse will also be different. By accurately measuring this time difference and combining it with the known base station location information, a spherical wave propagation model can be constructed. In this model, each base station corresponds to a sphere with the base station as the center and the signal propagation time as the radius, and the intersection of all spheres is the spatial position of the radiation source. Therefore, it can provide high-precision three-dimensional coordinate information of lightning.

[0034] By working together with multiple base stations, the system can accurately locate the location of the radiation source within tens to hundreds of meters, thereby generating a detailed map of the lightning channel structure. Furthermore, because the LMA system has a wide observation range and can cover lightning activity over a large area, it is widely used by organizations such as NASA and NOAA in lightning monitoring and scientific research. However, despite its excellent performance in three-dimensional positioning, the technology's temporal resolution is limited by the hardware sampling period, typically around 80 microseconds. This creates certain limitations when capturing transient phenomena at the microsecond level or even faster.

[0035] The single-station interferometer method works on the principle of time difference measurement based on an antenna array. Specifically, taking a VHF interferometer as an example, the device consists of three or more antennas forming a short baseline array, which work together to receive electromagnetic signals from lightning radiation sources. When a pulse arrives at the antenna array, the signal arrives at each antenna slightly later due to the relative position differences between the different antennas and the radiation source. By accurately measuring this time difference, namely the arrival time difference, and combining it with the theoretical model of the plane wave approximation, the incident direction of the radiation source relative to the antenna array can be calculated, usually expressed as azimuth and elevation.

[0036] A notable feature of single-station interferometers is their extremely high sampling rate, typically reaching or exceeding 180 MS / s, corresponding to a temporal resolution of 5 to 10 nanoseconds. This high temporal resolution enables the complete capture of microsecond and even sub-microsecond leader pulse trains, which is particularly important for studying the rapid dynamics of lightning discharges. Furthermore, since single-station interferometers require only a single set of multi-channel acquisition hardware and a local clock to operate, eliminating the need for complex cross-station synchronization links, they offer high deployment flexibility and are relatively low cost.

[0037] However, despite its excellent performance in terms of time and cost, single-station interferometers can only provide information about the direction of the radiation source, but cannot directly measure the distance to the radiation source. This makes it impossible for the device to restore the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the radiation source.

[0038] Research has found that during a lightning discharge, the propagation velocity of the leader and K event typically ranges from one to ten million meters per second, while the "breakdown velocity" of a single pulse can be even faster. Accurately quantifying the velocity changes of the entire channel and the velocity characteristics of individual pulses on a microsecond timescale requires a monitoring system with extremely high performance.

[0039] First, in terms of time synchronization accuracy, the system must be able to achieve microsecond or even nanosecond levels, which is the basic condition for ensuring the accurate capture of rapidly changing discharge processes. Secondly, in order to depict the detailed morphology and dynamic evolution of the channel, the system also needs to generate continuous and dense three-dimensional positioning points. High-density spatial data can fully restore the geometric structure of the channel and its characteristics of change over time. In addition, in complex electromagnetic environments, the system must also have strong signal processing capabilities to be able to robustly identify lightning radiation pulses in a high-noise background and effectively distinguish between adjacent events to avoid misjudgment or omission of important information.

[0040] However, while existing multi-station systems can provide three-dimensional positioning capabilities, their sampling periods are typically around 80 microseconds, resulting in a significant "dead zone" phenomenon. This prevents them from meeting the microsecond-level temporal resolution requirements, making it difficult to fully capture fast pulse sequences. Furthermore, while traditional single-station interferometers offer the advantages of ultra-high temporal resolution and flexible deployment, they lack distance information and cannot directly calculate position coordinates in three-dimensional space, thus limiting their ability to measure channel propulsion velocity and single pulse velocity.

[0041] Based on the discovery of the above technical problems, the following technical solutions are proposed after creative work to solve or improve the above problems. It should be noted that the defects existing in the solutions in the above prior art are the results obtained after practice and careful study. Therefore, the discovery process of the above problems and the solutions proposed in the embodiments of this application for the above problems below should be regarded as contributions to this application in the process of invention and creation, and should not be understood as technical contents known to those skilled in the art.

[0042] In view of this, this embodiment provides a three-dimensional measurement method using a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0044] S1, measuring the lightning to be measured by a multi-station system to obtain a first positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured.

[0045] Each element in the first positioning sequence records the three-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be detected.

[0046] S2, measuring the lightning to be measured by a single-station interferometer to obtain a second positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured.

[0047] Each element in the second positioning sequence records the two-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be detected.

[0048] S3. Determine a plurality of reference elements from the first positioning sequence according to the second positioning sequence.

[0049] Each reference element represents an element having the same two-dimensional positioning information as an element in the second positioning sequence.

[0050] S4. Add missing positioning information to the remaining elements in the second positioning sequence according to the multiple reference elements to obtain a third positioning sequence.

[0051] In this way, by cleverly combining the characteristics of the multi-station system and the single-station interferometer, the accuracy of the time resolution is guaranteed, and the shortcomings of the single-station interferometer in three-dimensional positioning are compensated, thus achieving the technical effect of taking into account both time resolution and three-dimensional positioning.

[0052] It should be noted that for the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in this embodiment, the electronic device implementing the method may be, but is not limited to, a mobile terminal, a computer, and a server, etc. Among them, the computer may be, but is not limited to, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, etc. The server may be a single server or a server group. The server group may be centralized or distributed (for example, the server may be a distributed system). In some embodiments, the server may be local or remote relative to the user terminal. In some embodiments, the server may be implemented on a cloud platform; as an example only, the cloud platform may include a private cloud, a public cloud, a hybrid cloud, a community cloud (Community Cloud), a distributed cloud, an inter-cloud (Inter-Cloud), a multi-cloud (Multi-Cloud), etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the server may be implemented on an electronic device having one or more components.

[0053] To make the solution provided by this embodiment clearer, a computer is used as an electronic device to implement the method. Figure 1Each step of the method shown is described in detail. However, it should be understood that the operations in the flowchart may not be performed in order, and steps that have no logical contextual relationship may be reversed or performed simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this application, may add one or more additional operations to the flowchart or remove one or more operations from the flowchart.

[0054] Therefore, continue to see Figure 1 , the method comprising:

[0055] S1, measuring the lightning to be measured by a multi-station system to obtain a first positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured.

[0056] Each element in the first positioning sequence records the three-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be detected.

[0057] It should be understood that the multi-station system can be a multi-station Very High Frequency Lightning Location Array (LMA), which is capable of providing three-dimensional coordinate information. During the execution of the above steps, the computer needs to synchronously observe the same lightning event to be measured through the LMA. Specifically, within a continuous common view window of 1–2 seconds, the LMA will output the spatial coordinates (x, y, z) of the radiation source associated with the lightning. These coordinate data are based on the measurement results of the multi-station distribution and therefore directly reflect the three-dimensional location information of the radiation source.

[0058] Subsequently, the computer performs a Cartesian spherical coordinate transformation on the three-dimensional coordinate data output by the LMA. It should be noted that the Cartesian spherical coordinate transformation refers to the conversion of three-dimensional rectangular coordinates (x, y, z) into distance information and angle information in the form of polar coordinates. The specific calculation formula is Through this conversion process, the precise distance from each radiation source to the reference origin can be obtained, expressed as R.

[0059] In order to match the two-dimensional positioning information measured by the single-station interferometer in the future, the computer further uses the phase center of the antenna array of the single-station interferometer as the reference origin and uses the spherical propagation delay model to back-project the three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z) measured by the LMA into the two-dimensional angle under the plane wave model, thereby obtaining the direction angle (Az) including the system error. * ,El * ), thereby obtaining an element in the first positioning sequence.

[0060] In this way, the projection operation not only retains the three-dimensional positioning accuracy provided by the LMA, but also enables its results to be matched and compared with the measurement results of the monostatic interferometer in the same coordinate system.

[0061] Based on the description of the first positioning sequence in the above embodiment, the following will continue to describe Figure 1 Step S2 in the following is explained:

[0062] S2, measuring the lightning to be measured by a single-station interferometer to obtain a second positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured.

[0063] Each element in the second positioning sequence records the two-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be detected.

[0064] It should be understood that the single-station interferometer can be a three-channel very high frequency interferometer, whose core function is to capture lightning radiation signals in the range of 14-88MHz. During the execution of the above steps, the signal capture and sampling operations must first be completed at the hardware acquisition level. Specifically, the computer can achieve 180MS / s synchronous sampling through three pairs of flat antennas arranged in an equilateral triangle of 100m, corresponding to a time resolution of 5.56ns. All raw waveform data is written to the NVMe SSD in real time with 16-bit accuracy to ensure that the pulse details are not distorted.

[0065] In order to further improve the data quality, this embodiment adopts an adaptive filtering process based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Specifically, the computer uses 2ms as a processing block, superimposes Gaussian white noise with an amplitude of 0.2σ on the original waveform in each block, and repeats the EEMD decomposition 100 times; then, all intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are subjected to energy spectrum discrimination, and only the IMFs with a main frequency in the range of 40-80MHz are retained and reconstructed. In this way, the continuous interference less than 40MHz is effectively isolated, while retaining the high-frequency components in the lightning leader pulse that are most valuable for positioning.

[0066] After filtering is completed, the pulse detection and matching stage is entered, and two-level pulse detection and matching operations are performed on the three-channel waveforms. Specifically, the computer performs high-rate upsampling on the original data, and triggers the main window with a set amplitude threshold (for example, ±64ns), locks the absolute peak of the single antenna in the center of the window and records its time stamp. Subsequently, the computer applies the generalized cross-correlation algorithm to the remaining two antennas within the "auxiliary window" of ±16ns to accurately obtain the three-channel arrival time difference. In this way, the time difference resolution is further improved, and the cross-correlation curve is extrapolated by cubic spline in the interval of ±2 sampling points, which can eventually increase the time difference resolution to 0.5ns.

[0067] After obtaining a reliable arrival time difference, the nonlinear equations construction and solution phase begins. Specifically, the computer constructs the nonlinear equations Δt under the plane wave model framework. i j=-(kd ij ) / c, where k represents the unit incident vector, d ij represents the baseline between any two antennas, and c represents the speed of light. The computer then uses the Levenberg-Marquardt iterative method to solve the nonlinear equations, ultimately outputting the azimuth (Az) and elevation (E1) of the lightning bolt being detected. The resulting second location sequence is characterized by temporal continuity and high point density, accurately reflecting the two-dimensional location information of the lightning bolt being detected.

[0068] Based on the explanation of the second positioning sequence in the above embodiment, the following will continue to explain Figure 1 Step S3 in the following is explained:

[0069] S3. Determine a plurality of reference elements from the first positioning sequence according to the second positioning sequence.

[0070] Each reference element represents an element having the same two-dimensional positioning information as an element in the second positioning sequence.

[0071] It should be understood that the first positioning sequence here refers to the three-dimensional positioning information sequence measured by a multi-station system (e.g., LMA), while the second positioning sequence is the two-dimensional positioning information sequence measured by a single-station interferometer. During the execution of the above steps, the computer needs to synchronously project the first positioning sequence generated by the multi-station system and the second positioning sequence generated by the single-station interferometer into the "angle-time" coordinate domain, ensuring precise alignment in the time dimension.

[0072] Because lightning channels follow a continuous trajectory in angular space, point-to-point pairing can be performed within a 5° × 50μs angular-time neighborhood window. This window is defined based on the high temporal synchronization accuracy of the two systems and the spatial continuity of lightning radiation events. When an element in the first positioning sequence falls within the same angular-time neighborhood window as an element in the second positioning sequence, the two points are considered to originate from the same radiation event.

[0073] After a successful match, the computer can assign the distance R from one element to the other, forming a triplet (Az, El, R). Alternatively, the server can directly replace the other element with the element with the distance R. This allows the precise distance information provided by the multi-station system to be incorporated into the 2D positioning results of a single-station interferometer. The resulting triplet (Az, El, R) represents a verified set of reference elements containing complete 3D positioning information.

[0074] Based on the explanation of multiple reference elements in the above embodiment, the following will continue to explain Figure 1 Step S4 in the following is explained:

[0075] S4. Add missing positioning information to the remaining elements in the second positioning sequence according to the multiple reference elements to obtain a third positioning sequence.

[0076] The missing positioning information is the distance to the lightning being measured. It should be understood that a single-station interferometer can only output two-dimensional positioning information, and the missing distance information needs to be supplemented by external means. Although a multi-station system can obtain accurate three-dimensional positioning information and construct multiple reference elements based on this information, due to the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of lightning radiation sources and the sampling limitations of the measurement system, these reference elements cannot fully match every element in the second positioning sequence. In view of this, this embodiment provides the following optional implementation of step S4:

[0077] S4-1, interpolating the remaining elements using multiple reference elements to obtain missing positioning information of the remaining elements.

[0078] When the above steps are executed, the computer uses multiple reference elements to train an information completion model; the two-dimensional positioning information in the remaining elements is processed by the information completion model to obtain the missing positioning information.

[0079] It should be understood that the multiple reference elements only cover a portion of the elements in the second positioning sequence. These reference elements, provided by the multi-station system, are matched with the two-dimensional positioning information output by the single-station interferometer to form a triplet. However, the remaining elements in the second positioning sequence (i.e., those not matched to the reference elements) still lack distance information R. To address this issue, an effective interpolation method is needed to derive distance information for the remaining elements from the limited reference elements.

[0080] To this end, the computer uses multiple reference elements to train an information completion model. The information completion model here is defined as a Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model, whose input features are two-dimensional positioning information (Az, El) and the target variable is the distance R. Specifically, the GPR model uses the isotropic square exponential kernel function:

[0081]

[0082] When modeling, the continuous mapping relationship between angle and distance is mainly learned through training. The hyperparameter σ of the model f and ζ are automatically optimized using the maximum likelihood method to ensure that the model accurately reflects the relationship between angles and distances in the reference elements.

[0083] After the model training is completed, the computer uses the trained information completion model to process the two-dimensional positioning information of the remaining elements. Specifically, for the element points that are not assigned distances in the second positioning sequence, their respective two-dimensional positioning information (Az, El) is fed into the information completion model to obtain the predicted distance and the corresponding variance Since the angular distribution of the first positioning sequence and the second positioning sequence in the same channel is highly consistent, the information completion model can make full use of this local coherence to smoothly extrapolate the distance information to the entire point cloud. For each predicted distance Uncertainty assessment is provided to facilitate subsequent quality control and visual analysis.

[0084] Based on the above description of the calculation method of the positioning information of the remaining missing elements, step S4 further includes:

[0085] S4-2, combining the missing positioning information of the remaining elements with the existing positioning information in the remaining elements to obtain a third positioning sequence.

[0086] Based on the above description, any element in the third positioning sequence has a complete triple And the conversion is performed using the following spherical whistle coordinate conversion formula:

[0087]

[0088] In this way, each element in the third positioning sequence is converted into a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate (x, y, z), representing a 3D point in space, providing time-intensive and spatially continuous three-dimensional trajectory data for subsequent analysis of the channel velocity and pulse breakdown velocity of the lightning to be tested. Figure 1 On the basis of Figure 2 As shown, the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in this embodiment also includes:

[0089] S5A, sequence fragment extracted from the third positioning sequence.

[0090] It should be understood that the third positioning sequence contains complete three-dimensional positioning information (x, y, z), which is composed of the two-dimensional positioning information (Az, El) of the single-station interferometer and the distance information supplemented by interpolation. In order to calculate the propulsion speed, it is necessary to extract segments within a specific time range from the sequence.

[0091] Exemplarily, the computer uses a sliding window approach to perform this operation, with a window width of 196 grids (approximately 1.1 microseconds) and a step size of 16 grids (approximately 89 nanoseconds). The sliding window moves in chronological order, capturing fixed-length time segments each time. These segments contain several consecutive 3D points, forming the basic data set for subsequent calculations of propulsion velocity.

[0092] S6A, based on the sequence fragment, obtains the original propulsion speed of the lightning to be measured.

[0093] The propulsion velocity refers to the speed at which the lightning channel advances along its path, representing the ratio of the spatial distance covered by the lightning channel in a certain time period to the time period. For each sequence segment captured by the sliding window, the computer arranges the 3D points in chronological order, then accumulates the straight-line distances between adjacent 3D points to obtain the channel arc length ΔL. This arc length is then divided by the window duration Δt to obtain the instantaneous propulsion velocity v. c , the expression is:

[0094]

[0095] Where, v c represents the propulsion speed, ΔL represents the arc length covered by the lightning channel within the time window, and Δt represents the duration of the time window.

[0096] Based on the description of the calculation method of the original propulsion speed in the above embodiment, the following Figure 2 Step S7A in the following example is explained:

[0097] S7A, decomposition of the original propulsion velocity into multiple eigenmode functions.

[0098] It should be understood that due to the rapidity and complexity of lightning discharge processes, the raw propulsion velocity often contains high-frequency fluctuations, which may be caused by single pulses or other short-term fluctuations. Therefore, to extract the main trend of the propulsion velocity and suppress the influence of high-frequency fluctuations, it is necessary to perform signal decomposition on the raw propulsion velocity.

[0099] For example, the Double-Sided Mirroring Extended Empirical Mode Decomposition (DBM_EEMD) method can be used. DBM_EEMD is a non-stationary signal analysis technique that can decompose complex propulsion velocity signals into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Each IMF represents the fluctuation components of the propulsion velocity signal at different frequency ranges. Low-frequency IMFs generally reflect the long-term trend of propulsion velocity, while high-frequency IMFs more often reflect short-term fluctuations or noise.

[0100] Based on the description of multiple eigenmode functions in the above embodiment, we will continue to Figure 2 Step S8A in FIG. 1 is explained as follows:

[0101] S8A, selecting a plurality of low-order eigenmode functions from a plurality of eigenmode functions.

[0102] The frequency of each low-order intrinsic mode function is lower than a preset threshold.

[0103] After completing the decomposition, the computer further filters out low-order IMFs from the multiple IMFs. It should be noted that low-order IMFs are those with frequencies below a preset threshold. These low-order IMFs typically correspond to the main trend components of the propulsion velocity and can more accurately reflect the overall propulsion characteristics of the lightning channel. By retaining low-order IMFs, the influence of high-frequency fluctuations can be effectively filtered out, resulting in a smooth propulsion velocity curve.

[0104] S9A, summing up multiple low-order eigenmode functions, obtains the target propulsion speed of the lightning to be measured.

[0105] This embodiment further sums the selected low-order intrinsic mode functions to obtain the target propulsion velocity. This target propulsion velocity is a filtered and smoothed result that more accurately reflects the dynamic characteristics of the overall propulsion of the lightning channel. This not only achieves precise propulsion velocity measurement, but also effectively suppresses interference from high-frequency oscillations through signal decomposition and filtering, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of propulsion velocity analysis.

[0106] The above-mentioned propulsion speed mainly describes the speed at which the lightning channel as a whole expands forward, focusing on the development dynamics of the lightning channel on a macroscopic scale. This embodiment also analyzes the breakdown speed of the lightning to be measured. The breakdown speed focuses on the microscopic propagation characteristics of a single lightning pulse, reflecting the actual speed at which the current rapidly propagates along the lightning channel in a single pulse event. Therefore, Figure 3 As shown, in Figure 1On the basis of the above, the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in this embodiment further includes:

[0107] S5B, select the pulse location sequence generated by the lightning pulse from the third location sequence.

[0108] During these steps, the computer selects a set of location points associated with a specific lightning pulse from the complete third location sequence. By classifying and labeling the 3D points in the third location sequence, it can accurately identify which points belong to the same pulse event, thus forming a pulse location sequence.

[0109] S6B, project the pulse positioning sequence onto the geometric center line of the lightning to be measured to obtain the pulse arc length of the lightning pulse.

[0110] The geometric center line represents the lightning channel of the lightning to be measured.

[0111] After completing the extraction of the pulse location sequence, the computer fits the geometric centerline of the lightning to be measured. The geometric centerline refers to a curve obtained by smooth fitting all 3D points of the selected channel, which represents the main axis direction of the lightning channel.

[0112] For example, the computer can use a local regression method to complete the fitting operation, and the obtained geometric center line is parameterized by the arc length coordinates along the line; then, each 3D point in the pulse positioning sequence is projected onto the geometric center line, and the arc length range L covered by it is recorded. P =s max -s min In this way, the path length amplification effect caused by distance interpolation error can be effectively eliminated, thereby more accurately reflecting the true propagation path of the lightning pulse.

[0113] S7B, based on the pulse arc length and the duration of the lightning pulse, the breakdown velocity of the lightning pulse is obtained.

[0114] After the projection operation is completed, the arc length L of the lightning pulse is known. P And the time difference Δt between the first and last points p , the expression of the lightning pulse breakdown velocity is:

[0115]

[0116] The breakdown velocity reflects the actual propagation rate of current in the lightning channel during a single pulse event.

[0117] Based on the same inventive concept as the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in this embodiment, this embodiment also provides a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement device, which includes at least one software function module that can be stored in a memory or solidified in an electronic device in the form of software. The processor in the electronic device is used to execute the executable module stored in the memory. For example, the software function module and computer program included in the device. Please refer to Figure 4 Functionally, the device can include:

[0118] The lightning measurement module 11 is configured to measure the lightning to be measured using a multi-station system to obtain a first positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the first positioning sequence records three-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured;

[0119] The lightning measurement module 11 is further configured to measure the lightning to be measured using a single-station interferometer to obtain a second positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the second positioning sequence records two-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured;

[0120] a data matching module 12 for determining a plurality of reference elements from the first positioning sequence according to the second positioning sequence, wherein each reference element represents an element having the same two-dimensional positioning information as an element in the second positioning sequence;

[0121] The data analysis module 13 is configured to add missing positioning information to the remaining elements in the second positioning sequence according to the multiple reference elements to obtain a third positioning sequence.

[0122] In this embodiment, the lightning measurement module 11 is used to implement Figure 1 In steps S1 and S2, the data matching module 12 is used to implement Figure 1 In step S3, the data analysis module 13 is used to implement Figure 1 Therefore, for a detailed description of each of the above modules, please refer to the specific implementation of the corresponding step.

[0123] Since the invention concept is the same as that of the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in this embodiment, the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement device can also implement other steps or sub-steps of the method through the above modules.

[0124] Optionally, the data analysis module 13 is further specifically configured to:

[0125] Interpolate the remaining elements using multiple reference elements to obtain the missing positioning information of the remaining elements;

[0126] The missing positioning information of the remaining elements is combined with the existing positioning information in the remaining elements to obtain a third positioning sequence.

[0127] Optionally, the missing positioning information is the distance of the lightning to be detected.

[0128] Optionally, the data analysis module 13 is further configured to:

[0129] Use multiple reference elements to train an information completion model;

[0130] The two-dimensional positioning information in the remaining elements is processed through the information completion model to obtain the missing positioning information.

[0131] Optionally, the data analysis module 13 is further configured to:

[0132] extracting a sequence fragment from the third positioning sequence;

[0133] According to the sequence fragments, the original propulsion speed of the lightning to be tested is obtained;

[0134] Decompose the original propulsion velocity into multiple eigenmode functions;

[0135] Selecting a plurality of low-order intrinsic mode functions from the plurality of intrinsic mode functions, wherein the frequency of each low-order intrinsic mode function is lower than a preset threshold;

[0136] The target propulsion speed of the lightning to be measured is obtained by summing up multiple low-order eigenmode functions.

[0137] Optionally, the data analysis module 13 is further specifically configured to:

[0138] A sliding window is used to extract sequence segments from the third positioning sequence.

[0139] Optionally, the data analysis module 13 is further configured to:

[0140] Selecting a pulse locating sequence generated by a lightning pulse from the third locating sequence;

[0141] Projecting the pulse positioning sequence onto the geometric center line of the lightning to be measured to obtain the pulse arc length of the lightning pulse, wherein the geometric center line represents the lightning channel of the lightning to be measured;

[0142] The breakdown velocity of the lightning pulse is obtained based on the pulse arc length and the duration of the lightning pulse.

[0143] In addition, the functional modules in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0144] It should also be understood that if the above embodiments are implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0145] Therefore, this embodiment further provides a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in this embodiment. The storage medium can be any medium capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0146] This embodiment provides an electronic device for implementing a single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method. Figure 5 As shown, the electronic device may include a processor 22 and a memory 21. In addition, the memory 21 stores a computer program, and the processor implements the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method provided in this embodiment by reading and executing the computer program corresponding to the above embodiment in the memory 21.

[0147] Continue to see Figure 5 The electronic device further includes a communication unit 23. The memory 21, the processor 22 and the communication unit 23 are electrically connected to each other directly or indirectly via a system bus 24 to achieve data transmission or interaction.

[0148] The memory 21 may be an information recording device based on any electronic, magnetic, optical or other physical principles, for recording execution instructions, data, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 21 may be, but is not limited to, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a storage drive, etc.

[0149] In some embodiments, the volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM); in some embodiments, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory, etc.; in some embodiments, the storage drive may be a magnetic disk drive, a solid-state drive, any type of storage disk (such as a CD, DVD, etc.), or a similar storage medium, or a combination thereof.

[0150] The communication unit 23 is used to send and receive data through a network. In some embodiments, the network may include a wired network, a wireless network, a fiber optic network, a telecommunications network, an intranet, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a Bluetooth network, a ZigBee network, or a near field communication (NFC) network, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the network may include one or more network access points. For example, the network may include a wired or wireless network access point, such as a base station and / or a network switching node, through which one or more components of the service request processing system can connect to the network to exchange data and / or information.

[0151] The processor 22 may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities, and the processor may include one or more processing cores (e.g., a single-core processor or a multi-core processor). By way of example only, the processor may include a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a physical processing unit (PPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a controller, a microcontroller unit, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC), or a microprocessor, or any combination thereof.

[0152] I understand. Figure 5 The structure shown is for reference only. Figure 5 More or fewer components than shown, or with Figure 5 Different configurations shown. Figure 5 The components shown may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.

[0153] It should be understood that the devices and methods disclosed in the above embodiments may also be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings show the possible architectures, functions, and operations of the devices, methods, and computer program products according to multiple embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a program segment, or a portion of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box may also occur in an order different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive boxes may actually be executed substantially in parallel, or they may sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram and / or flowchart, and the combination of boxes in the block diagram and / or flowchart, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action, or may be implemented using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0154] The above descriptions are merely examples of various embodiments of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be readily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Measuring the lightning to be measured using a multi-station system to obtain a first positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the first positioning sequence records three-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured; Measuring the lightning to be measured by a single-station interferometer to obtain a second positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the second positioning sequence records two-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured; determining, from the first positioning sequence according to the second positioning sequence, a plurality of reference elements, wherein each of the reference elements represents an element having the same two-dimensional positioning information as an element in the second positioning sequence; The missing positioning information is added to the remaining elements in the second positioning sequence according to the multiple reference elements to obtain a third positioning sequence.

2. The single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adding missing positioning information to remaining elements in the second positioning sequence according to the multiple reference elements to obtain a third positioning sequence, including: interpolating the remaining elements using the multiple reference elements to obtain missing positioning information of the remaining elements; The missing positioning information of the remaining elements is combined with the existing positioning information in the remaining elements to obtain the third positioning sequence.

3. The single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The missing positioning information is the distance of the lightning to be detected.

4. The single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Interpolating the remaining elements using the multiple reference elements to obtain missing positioning information of the remaining elements includes: Training an information completion model using the multiple reference elements; The two-dimensional positioning information in the remaining elements is processed by the information completion model to obtain the missing positioning information.

5. The single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Extracting sequence fragments from the third positioning sequence; obtaining the original propulsion velocity of the lightning to be measured according to the sequence fragments; Decomposing the original propulsion velocity into a plurality of eigenmode functions; Selecting a plurality of low-order eigenmode functions from the plurality of eigenmode functions, wherein the frequency of each of the low-order eigenmode functions is lower than a preset threshold; The multiple low-order intrinsic mode functions are summed to obtain the target propulsion speed of the lightning to be measured.

6. The single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Extracting a sequence fragment from the third positioning sequence comprises: A sliding window is used to extract sequence segments from the third positioning sequence.

7. The single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Selecting a pulse locating sequence generated by a lightning pulse from the third locating sequence; Projecting the pulse positioning sequence onto a geometric center line of the lightning to be measured to obtain a pulse arc length of the lightning pulse, wherein the geometric center line represents a lightning channel of the lightning to be measured; The breakdown speed of the lightning pulse is obtained according to the pulse arc length and the duration of the lightning pulse.

8. A single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement device, characterized in that: The device comprises: a lightning measurement module, configured to measure a lightning to be measured using a multi-station system to obtain a first positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the first positioning sequence records three-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured; The lightning measurement module is further configured to measure the lightning to be measured using a single-station interferometer to obtain a second positioning sequence of the lightning to be measured, wherein each element in the second positioning sequence records two-dimensional positioning information of the lightning to be measured; a data matching module, configured to determine a plurality of reference elements from the first positioning sequence according to the second positioning sequence, wherein each reference element represents an element having the same two-dimensional positioning information as an element in the second positioning sequence; A data analysis module is configured to add missing positioning information to the remaining elements in the second positioning sequence according to the multiple reference elements to obtain a third positioning sequence.

9. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device includes a processor and a memory, the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the single-station two-dimensional very high frequency interferometer three-dimensional measurement method described in any one of claims 1-7.

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