Virtual link-based spatiotemporal coordination and incentive method for power market adjustable load

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable loads in the power market based on virtual links, comprising the following steps: establishing a set of adjustable load resources and their adjustment capacity boundaries; constructing a virtual link network of adjustable loads in the spatial-temporal dimensions; constructing a power market clearing optimization model including virtual links, setting the objective function and various constraints; solving the market clearing model to obtain the marginal electricity price and resource scheduling results of each node; and calculating the load migration compensation revenue based on the price difference between the start and end nodes of the virtual links. This invention can uniformly model the adjustability of loads in time and space, realize the internalization of costs and the explicitness of value of load migration behavior through virtual links, and balance economic efficiency and feasibility. It not only improves the adjustment capacity and market operation efficiency of the power system, but also effectively enhances the system's ability to maintain power balance in the spatiotemporal dimensions, and has good scalability and engineering adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power market design and load dispatching technology, and in particular to a method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable loads in the power market based on virtual links. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale integration of new energy sources, the power system faces more severe fluctuations and uncertainties, placing higher demands on system flexibility. Dispatchable load resources (such as industrial production lines, smart buildings, and computing platforms) can achieve load transfer in both spatial and temporal dimensions, providing the system with regulation capabilities and becoming an important source of flexibility in the electricity market. This helps improve the power system's ability to balance power supply and demand in both spatial and temporal dimensions.

[0003] In recent years, many regional electricity markets have explored the introduction of flexible loads, but most existing mechanisms only consider time-based regulation (i.e., "load response") and lack system modeling and incentive mechanisms for spatial flexibility. Spatial load adjustability refers to the geographical migration capability of certain load resources, meaning their actual electricity consumption can be completed at one of multiple physical nodes. For example, a cloud service company has multiple data processing centers in Beijing, Guangzhou, and Chengdu, and its computing tasks can be completed at any of these centers. If the electricity price in Beijing is higher than in Guangzhou during a certain period, the company can "transfer" its load from Beijing to Guangzhou, thereby optimizing regional supply and demand matching and promoting spatial balance and improved utilization efficiency of electricity.

[0004] This geographical load transfer behavior does not rely on physical transmission channels, but is completed by the business scheduling of the electricity users. Therefore, it needs to be represented and priced using a "virtual link" model in order to be incorporated into a unified market scheduling framework.

[0005] Existing electricity market clearing models based on "virtual links" (Flexibility from Networks of Data Centers: A Market Clearing Formulation with Virtual Links) are used to capture the load shifting flexibility of data centers in spatial and temporal dimensions, demonstrating their compatibility and scheduling benefits within the existing market framework. However, this technology only targets data centers as a single type of load entity and has not extended the mechanism to a wider range of load resources. Furthermore, there is limited discussion on the role of spatial power balancing in the system, and no unified promotion of incentive mechanisms for different types of loads has been made. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to supplement and improve the problem of insufficient incentives for adjustable loads in the existing electricity market. It proposes a method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable loads in the electricity market based on virtual links. The method uses virtual links to model spatial and temporal load transfer behavior and embeds an electricity market clearing model to achieve reasonable pricing and incentives for load flexibility. This further enhances the system's ability to maintain power balance under uncertain conditions and has scalability, pricing capability, and fairness.

[0007] The present invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.

[0008] A method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable loads in the electricity market based on virtual links includes the following steps:

[0009] 1) Establish the set of adjustable load resources and their adjustment capacity boundaries;

[0010] 2) Construct a virtual link network with adjustable load in the spatial-temporal dimensions;

[0011] 3) Construct an optimization model for electricity market clearing that includes virtual links;

[0012] 4) Solve the electricity market clearing optimization model to obtain the marginal electricity price of each node and the scheduling results of each resource;

[0013] 5) Calculate the compensation revenue for load transfer services based on the electricity price difference between the virtual link start and end nodes obtained from the solution.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 1), the adjustable load resource set includes load entities with flexible scheduling capabilities, which can switch their power consumption behavior between multiple spatial nodes and multiple time periods.

[0015] Further, in step 2), the virtual link is used to represent a non-physical transfer path for load migration from one reference node to another. A virtual link is constructed for each pair of migrateable nodes, and an adjustable capacity limit and unit transfer cost are assigned to the virtual link.

[0016] Furthermore, the electricity market clearing optimization model is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] in This is the price quote for generator i during time period t; p i,t It is the output of generator i in time period t; It is the price quoted for transmission line k during time period t; f k,t It is the power of line k in time period t; It represents the price that load user j is willing to pay for electricity during time period t; d j,tIt is the electricity consumption of load user j during time period t; and This indicates the upper limit of the adjustable capacity of the virtual link v and the unit transfer cost.

[0019] Furthermore, the following spatiotemporal node power balance constraints are added to the electricity market clearing optimization model:

[0020]

[0021] in These represent the sets of physical paths entering and leaving node n, respectively. Let δ represent the sets of virtual links entering and leaving node n, respectively. v It is the actual load transferred through the virtual link v.

[0022] Furthermore, in step 4), the optimization algorithm is used to solve the electricity market clearing optimization model to obtain the optimal scheduling results of each generation unit, load resource, transmission channel and virtual link in the system, as well as the node marginal price results of each space-time node for calculating subsequent incentives.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 5), the compensation benefit for each virtual link is:

[0024]

[0025] Where R v It is the compensation benefit of the virtual link v; It is the electricity price corresponding to the starting point of the virtual link; π n,t It is the electricity price corresponding to the virtual link endpoint; δ v It is the actual load transferred through the virtual link v.

[0026] The system for implementing the aforementioned method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable loads in the power market based on virtual links includes:

[0027] The resource access module is used to receive the spatial node set, time set, and capacity boundary declaration information of adjustable load resources;

[0028] The virtual link construction module is used to generate virtual links between movable spatial and temporal nodes based on resource characteristics, and to set link capacity and cost parameters.

[0029] The optimization modeling and solution module is used to construct and solve the power market clearing optimization model that includes virtual links, and obtain the marginal electricity price and resource scheduling results of each node;

[0030] The incentive calculation module is used to calculate the compensation revenue of flexible load resources based on the marginal electricity price difference and migration amount of the nodes at both ends of the virtual link.

[0031] The dispatch result output module is used to send the power consumption arrangements, relocation arrangements and price information of each resource to the market platform or control center for execution and settlement.

[0032] A computer device according to the present invention includes a memory and a processor, the memory being electrically connected to the processor, the memory storing a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to implement the method described herein.

[0033] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor implements the method described herein.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. Unified modeling approach: Spatial migration and temporal transfer are modeled in a unified manner through virtual links, enabling flexible and unified load scheduling in the spatiotemporal dimensions, avoiding model fragmentation and enhancing versatility;

[0036] 2. Fair incentive mechanism: The compensation price is automatically calculated based on the difference in nodal electricity prices, reflecting the value of flexible load at different spatial and temporal nodes, and realizing reasonable pricing for load regulation behavior;

[0037] 3. Compatible with existing market mechanisms: It can be directly embedded into the clearing framework of the current mainstream electricity market without the need for additional communication or platform deployment, and has good engineering integration and implementation feasibility;

[0038] 4. Enhance system flexibility and power balance: By incentivizing adjustable loads to actively migrate within a spatial and temporal range, the system can achieve power balance in both spatial and temporal dimensions under the background of high penetration of new energy sources, thereby reducing operating costs and improving the acceptance level of renewable energy. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable loads in the power market based on virtual links, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a power market adjustable load incentive system module based on virtual links, as shown in the example.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of virtual link load migration in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, a method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable loads in the power market based on virtual links includes the following steps:

[0045] 1) Establish the set of adjustable load resources and their adjustment capacity boundaries.

[0046] The adjustable load resources include load entities with flexible scheduling capabilities, such as data centers, cold chain storage stations, industrial parks, and smart buildings, which can switch their power consumption behavior between multiple spatial nodes (such as multiple parks, power plants, server centers, etc.) and multiple time periods. In this step, based on the operating characteristics and scheduling declaration of each load entity with an independent scheduling identifier, a set N of nodes that are allowed to receive power supply is defined. d and time set T d And set the maximum load capacity at each space-time node. Where n represents the spatial node number and t represents the time period number. This represents the maximum load capacity of node n during time period t.

[0047] 2) Construct a virtual link network with adjustable load in the spatial-temporal dimension.

[0048] The virtual link is used to represent load from a reference node (n). h ,t h Migrate to other nodes (n,t)∈N d ×T d The non-physical transfer path. A virtual link v is constructed for each pair of migrateable nodes, and an adjustable capacity limit is assigned to it. and unit transfer cost n h This is the starting spatial node number of the virtual link, i.e., the reference node (source node); t h It is the start time period number of the virtual link, i.e., the reference period.

[0049] 3) Construct an optimization model for the power market clearing that includes virtual links, with the goal of maximizing social welfare or minimizing total cost. The model includes generation-side bidding, transmission costs, and migration costs of virtual links. It also adds power balance constraints at spatial and temporal nodes and considers constraints such as the capacity limitations of adjustable load resources and the capacity limitations of virtual links.

[0050] By incorporating a virtual link cost term into the traditional social welfare maximization objective function, the following objective function is constructed:

[0051]

[0052] in This is the price quote for generator i during time period t; p i,t It is the output of generator i in time period t; It is the price quoted for transmission line k during time period t; f k,t It is the power of line k in time period t; It represents the price that load user j is willing to pay for electricity during time period t; d j,t It represents the electricity consumption of load user j during time period t. and This indicates the upper limit of the adjustable capacity of the virtual link v and the unit transfer cost.

[0053] Simultaneously add the following spatiotemporal node power balance constraints:

[0054]

[0055] in These represent the sets of physical paths entering and leaving node n, respectively. Let δ represent the sets of virtual links entering and leaving node n, respectively. v It is the actual load transferred through the virtual link v.

[0056] 4) Solve the market clearing model to obtain the marginal electricity price of each node and the scheduling results of each resource.

[0057] The above-mentioned electricity market clearing optimization model is solved using optimization algorithms (such as linear programming or mixed-integer programming, which are publicly available and mature methods, and can be found in Bertsimas (1997) and Conejo (2010)). This yields the optimal scheduling results for each generation unit, load resource, transmission channel, and virtual link in the system, as well as the marginal electricity price π at each space-time node. n,t (i.e., the node price result) is used to calculate subsequent incentives.

[0058] 5) Based on the marginal electricity price difference between the virtual link start and end nodes obtained from the model solution, calculate the compensation revenue for load transfer services, thereby realizing market-based incentives for the spatial and temporal flexibility of adjustable loads.

[0059] The compensation benefit for each virtual link v is:

[0060]

[0061] Where R v It is the compensation benefit of the virtual link v; It is the electricity price corresponding to the virtual link's starting point (reference node); π n,t It is the electricity price corresponding to the virtual link endpoint; δ v It is the actual load transferred through the virtual link v.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] This embodiment assumes that the present invention’s method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable loads in a regional power market based on virtual links is introduced into a regional power market to fully tap into elastic load resources with geographical migration capabilities, improve the economic efficiency and flexibility of system operation, and achieve a balance between power supply and demand in a spatial dimension.

[0064] The region comprises four main nodes: Guangzhou (GZ), Changsha (CS), Wuhan (WH), and Nanning (NN), taking into account intraday dispatching over the next 24 hours. The market comprises three types of participants: multiple thermal and renewable energy generators; operators of adjustable load resources (such as data cloud services, cold chain logistics, and industrial manufacturing); and grid operators and market platforms. The market platform refers to a comprehensive information system platform deployed by the electricity market management agency for organizing electricity trading, load dispatching, price calculation, settlement management, and information dissemination. It is the technological infrastructure for market clearing and dispatch execution.

[0065] Step 1: Establish the set of adjustable load resources and their capacity boundaries.

[0066] The market platform collects adjustable resource information submitted by various load operators. As a specific example, cloud service operator A operates two data centers in Guangzhou and Changsha, and submitted the following information:

[0067] Acceptable power supply nodes: GZ, CS;

[0068] Scheduled time period: 08:00–20:00;

[0069] The maximum capacity of a node-time node is:

[0070]

[0071] in This refers to the electricity consumption of a certain load resource at the Guangzhou node at time t; This refers to the electricity consumption of a certain load resource at the Changsha node at time t; that is, at any node in Guangzhou or Changsha, this resource can dispatch a maximum of 50MW of load. This reflects the maximum load boundary at each node under the resource spatial migration capability.

[0072] Another cold chain logistics company, B, has flexible cold storage stations in Wuhan and Nanning, whose load can be extended within a 4-hour window according to price, thus creating flexibility in terms of time.

[0073] Step 2: Construct a virtual link network with adjustable load in the spatial-temporal dimension.

[0074] Based on the entity's declaration, the market platform establishes a virtual link in both spatial and temporal dimensions:

[0075] For a cloud service provider A, a spatial virtual link v1 is constructed: (GZ,t)→(CS,t), whose adjustable capacity limit is the transfer limit. Unit transfer cost

[0076] For cold chain logistics company B, construct a time-based virtual link v2: (WH,t)→(WH,t+1), with a transfer limit. Allowing a maximum of 20MW of cooling load to be postponed by 1 hour, with a unit transfer cost.

[0077] A cloud service provider A and a cold chain logistics company B together form multiple spatial links (GZ-CS, CS-WH, etc.) and time links (continuous time periods on the same node), forming a virtual link set V to support the real-time distribution of electricity across the entire region.

[0078] Step 3: Construct an optimization model for electricity market clearing that includes virtual links. With the objective of minimizing system operating costs, the following optimization model is established:

[0079]

[0080] The optimization model incorporates both spatial-temporal power balance constraints and various resource boundary conditions.

[0081] Step 4: Solve the electricity market clearing optimization model.

[0082] The platform uses a commercial optimization solver (such as Gurobi) to perform a 24 / 7 joint solution of the above model, obtaining the nodal marginal electricity price π. n,t Generator output, load arrangement, and virtual link migration arrangement:

[0083] At 08:00, the electricity price in Guangzhou was 720 yuan / MWh, and the electricity price in Changsha was 660 yuan / MWh. The actual load migration of the GZ→CS virtual link was 20MW. Cold chain operator B carried over 15MW of Wuhan's cold load between 12:00 and 13:00. The virtual link load migration is illustrated below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0084] Step 5: Calculate the transfer revenue of the virtual link based on the node electricity price difference obtained from the model solution, thereby realizing market-based incentives for the spatial and temporal flexibility of adjustable loads.

[0085] For spatial link v1, the compensation benefit is calculated based on the node electricity price difference and the link migration amount:

[0086]

[0087] For time link v2, let π WH,12 =710 yuan / MWh, π WH,13 =670 yuan / MWh, then:

[0088]

[0089] in The price-driven compensation revenue obtained by the two links is settled and paid by the market platform according to the actual migration behavior, which reflects the value of the spatiotemporal adjustability provided by flexible load to the power system. π represents the capacity transfer amount between the two virtual links. GZ,8 π CS,8 These represent the marginal electricity prices (unit: yuan / MWh) for the Guangzhou and Changsha nodes during the 8th time period, respectively; π WH,12 π WH,13 These represent the marginal electricity prices for the 12th and 13th time periods at the Wuhan node, respectively. This embodiment demonstrates that the present invention not only supports spatially migrating load flexibility utilization but also quantifies and incentivizes time-transfer behavior, achieving deep flexible optimization and power balance of the power system in both spatial and temporal dimensions. It possesses good scalability and practical value.

[0090] like Figure 2As shown, the system for implementing the aforementioned method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable load in the power market based on virtual links includes a resource access module for receiving the spatial node set, temporal set, and capacity boundary declaration information of adjustable load resources; a virtual link construction module for generating virtual links between migrateable spatial-temporal nodes according to resource characteristics and setting link capacity and cost parameters; an optimization modeling and solving module for constructing and solving a power market clearing optimization model containing virtual links and obtaining the marginal electricity price and resource scheduling results of each node; an incentive calculation module for calculating the compensation revenue of flexible load resources based on the marginal electricity price difference and migration amount of the nodes at both ends of the virtual link; and a scheduling result output module for sending the electricity consumption arrangement, migration arrangement, and price information of each resource to the market platform or control center for execution and settlement.

[0091] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. A method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable load in the power market based on virtual links, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Establish the set of adjustable load resources and their adjustment capacity boundaries; 2) Construct a virtual link network for adjustable load in the spatial-temporal dimension; the virtual link is used to represent the non-physical transfer path of load migration from one reference node to another node; construct a virtual link for each pair of migrated nodes, and allocate an adjustable capacity limit and unit transfer cost to the virtual link; Based on the entity's declaration, the market platform establishes virtual links in the spatial and temporal dimensions, forming multiple spatial links; 3) Construct an optimization model for electricity market clearing that includes virtual links; the optimization model for electricity market clearing is as follows: in It is a generator During the period The quote; It is a generator During the period contribution; It is a transmission line During the period The quote; It is a line During the period The power; Load users During the period The price of electricity that one is willing to pay; Load users During the period Electricity consumption; Through virtual links The actual load transferred; Indicates virtual link The unit transfer cost; The following spatiotemporal node power balance constraints are added to the electricity market clearing optimization model: in , Representing the nodes respectively A set of connected entry and exit physical lines; , These represent entering and leaving the node, respectively. A collection of virtual links, Through virtual links The actual load transferred; 4) Solve the electricity market clearing optimization model to obtain the marginal electricity price of each node and the scheduling results of each resource; 5) Based on the electricity price difference between the start and end nodes of the virtual link obtained from the solution, calculate the compensation revenue for load transfer services, whereby the compensation revenue for each virtual link is: in It is a virtual link Compensation income; It is the electricity price corresponding to the starting point of the virtual link; It is the electricity price corresponding to the virtual link endpoint; Through virtual links The actual load transferred.

2. The method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable load in the power market based on virtual links according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the adjustable load resource set includes load entities with flexible scheduling capabilities, which can switch their power consumption behavior between multiple spatial nodes and multiple time periods.

3. The method for spatiotemporal coordination and incentive of adjustable load in the power market based on virtual links according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), the optimization algorithm is used to solve the electricity market clearing optimization model to obtain the optimal scheduling results of each generation unit, load resource, transmission channel and virtual link in the system, as well as the node marginal price results of each space-time node for calculating subsequent incentives.

4. A system for implementing the spatiotemporal coordination and incentive method for adjustable loads in the power market based on virtual links as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: The resource access module is used to receive the spatial node set, time set, and capacity boundary declaration information of adjustable load resources; The virtual link construction module is used to generate virtual links between movable spatial and temporal nodes based on resource characteristics, and to set link capacity and cost parameters. The optimization modeling and solution module is used to construct and solve the power market clearing optimization model that includes virtual links, and obtain the marginal electricity price and resource scheduling results of each node; The incentive calculation module is used to calculate the compensation revenue of flexible load resources based on the marginal electricity price difference and migration amount of the nodes at both ends of the virtual link. The dispatch result output module is used to send the power consumption arrangements, relocation arrangements and price information of each resource to the market platform or control center for execution and settlement.

5. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory being electrically connected to the processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by the processor, it causes the processor to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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