SOC updating method based on temperature and rate correction and BMS battery management system

Abstract

The invention provides an SOC updating method based on temperature and multiplying power correction. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a voltage calibration method or an ampere-hour integral method to calculate a first SOC value according to a battery charging and discharging state and an extreme value monomer voltage; and when the battery is in a discharge state, obtaining the current temperature and the charge-discharge rate, correcting the dischargeable capacity value of the battery, and calculating a second SOC value in combination with the dischargeable capacity value and the first SOC value. And then, whether the first SOC value and the second SOC value are in a preset threshold interval is judged, if the condition is met, smooth calculation is carried out to obtain a third SOC value, and the third SOC value is updated to be the SOC value displayed to the user. According to the method, the dischargeable capacity value is corrected based on the temperature and the multiplying power so as to realize SOC calibration, and through a three-time calibration mechanism, the SOC calculation accuracy is effectively improved, and the SOC jump problem caused by the temperature and high-multiplying-power discharge is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a SOC update method based on temperature and rate correction, and a BMS battery management system. Background Art

[0002] The Battery Management System (BMS) is a crucial component of the battery pack, monitoring the battery pack's status and controlling the system's charge and discharge. State of Charge (SOC) is a key battery pack parameter, representing the ratio of the battery's current charge to its rated capacity and providing the user with remaining charge information. Existing BMSs typically calculate SOC using the ampere-hour integration method and the open-circuit voltage method. Combining these two methods can generally accurately calculate SOC.

[0003] However, under low temperature or high-rate discharge conditions, the available capacity of the battery decreases. The ampere-hour integral calculates the available capacity of the battery based on the rated capacity, which will cause the SOC to be too high at the end of discharge. When the battery voltage is discharged to a low level, the calibration conditions of the open circuit voltage method are triggered for calibration, causing the SOC to suddenly jump from a high value to the calibrated value by the open circuit voltage method, affecting the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides an SOC update method based on temperature and rate correction, which adopts a temperature / rate correction algorithm and a smoothing algorithm to solve the SOC jump problem during low temperature / high rate discharge.

[0005] In a first aspect of the present application, a method for updating an SOC based on temperature and rate correction is provided, the method comprising: Calculate a first SOC value; the first SOC value is a real SOC value determined by the BMS management system; When the battery is in the discharge state, obtain the current temperature and discharge rate value; Correcting the discharge capacity of the battery according to the current temperature and the discharge rate value; Calculating a second SOC value based on the corrected discharge capacity value and the first SOC value; the second SOC value is the corrected SOC value; Determine whether 0 < first SOC value ≤ M and second SOC value > 0, where M is a preset threshold; If 0<first SOC value≤M and second SOC value>0 is established, a smoothing calculation is performed based on the second SOC value and the corrected dischargeable capacity value to obtain a third SOC value, and the third SOC value is the SOC value displayed to the user.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, first, according to the highest single cell voltage or the highest single cell voltage of the battery pack and the current charge and discharge state, a suitable method is selected to calculate the real SOC value determined by the BMS management system to perform the first calibration of the SOC; then, according to the current temperature and charge and discharge rate value, the dischargeable capacity value of the battery is corrected, and the SOC is calibrated for the second time according to the corrected dischargeable capacity value and the real SOC value after the first calibration; finally, a smoothing calculation is performed based on whether the first SOC value and the second SOC value are within the corresponding preset threshold range to determine the SOC value displayed to the user, thereby achieving the third calibration of the SOC. The present application calibrates the SOC based on the current temperature and rate value, thereby improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC, and the three-calibration mechanism calculates the final displayed SOC value based on the SOC values ​​after the first two calibrations, further improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC and reducing the SOC jump problem at the end of discharge caused by temperature and high-rate discharge.

[0007] Optionally, performing smoothing calculation based on the second SOC value and the corrected dischargeable capacity value to obtain a third SOC value specifically includes: Substitute the second SOC value into the first smoothing formula to obtain the third SOC value, The first smoothing formula includes: SOCD1=SOCD0+(SOCD0 / SOCK)*ΔAh / C2; Among them, SOCD1 is the third SOC value, SOCD0 is the initial value of the SOC value displayed in this integration period, SOCK is the second SOC value, C2 is the corrected discharge capacity value of the battery, ΔAh is the ampere-hour differential, ΔAh=I*T, where I is the average current in the integration period, and T is the ampere-hour integration period.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, after the SOC value is corrected based on the temperature and rate value, the corrected SOC value is substituted into the first smoothing formula, so that the SOC value displayed to the user is smoothed according to the second SOC value corrected based on the temperature and rate value. At the same time, compared with existing smoothing algorithms, due to the improvement of the smoothing factor, the smoothing algorithm of the present application can smoothly reduce the SOCD to 0% when the discharge cut-off voltage is reached. Using the first smoothing formula of the present application for smoothing calculation reduces the problem of SOC jump at the end of discharge under low temperature and high rate conditions.

[0009] Optionally, the discharge capacity value of the battery is corrected according to the current temperature and discharge rate value, specifically including: C2=C1*K, where K is a correction coefficient found in a pre-stored temperature-rate correction coefficient correspondence table according to the current temperature and discharge rate value.

[0010] Obtaining a second SOC value according to the corrected dischargeable capacity and the first SOC value specifically includes: If SOCR*C1-C1+C2>0, then SOCK=(SOCR*C1-C1+C2) / C2, where C1 is the current total capacity of the battery cell and SOCR is the first SOC value.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the dischargeable capacity value of the battery is corrected according to the current temperature and discharge rate value, and then the corrected dischargeable capacity is substituted into the calibration of the SOC, thereby reducing the problem of inaccurate SOC calculation results caused by the influence of temperature and high rate, and improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC.

[0012] Optionally, calculating the first SOC value includes: Obtain the battery's charge and discharge status and extreme single-cell voltage; Determine whether the voltage calibration method calibration conditions are met based on the battery's charge and discharge status and extreme single cell voltage; If the charge and discharge state of the battery and the extreme cell voltage do not meet the calibration conditions of the voltage calibration method, a first preset method is used to perform ampere-hour integration to calculate a first SOC value; The calculating the first SOC value by integrating ampere-hours using the first preset method specifically includes: Q1=Q0+ΔAh; SOCR=Q1 / C1*100%, where Q0 is the initial value of the charge in this integration period, and Q1 is the current charge.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the traditional ampere-hour integration method is improved. The present invention does not use the traditional ampere-hour integration method to calculate the SOC based on the rated capacity of the battery, but instead uses the current capacity for calculation. This allows the algorithm of the present application to maintain the accuracy of the SOC calculation after the battery has been used for multiple cycles and the available capacity has decayed, thereby improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC.

[0014] Optionally, the method further includes: When the battery is in a discharging state and the first SOC value is greater than a preset second threshold, or the second SOC value is 0, the first SOC value is substituted into the second smoothing formula to calculate a third SOC value; The second smoothing formula includes: SOCD1=SOCD0+(SOCD0 / SOCR)*ΔAh / C1.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, in the discharge state, (SOCD0 / SOCR) is used as the smoothing factor, so that the SOCD value calculated in the discharge state can be smoothed following the SOCR value. Compared with the smoothing algorithm in the prior art, the third smoothing formula in the present invention enables SOCD to be smoothly reduced to 0 when the battery is discharged to the cut-off voltage during the discharge process, thereby reducing the jump phenomenon of SOC during the discharge process.

[0016] Optionally, the method further includes: When the battery is in a charging state, a smoothing calculation is performed based on the first SOC value to obtain a third SOC value; The performing smoothing calculation according to the first SOC value to obtain the third SOC value includes: Substituting the first SOC value into the third smoothing formula to calculate a third SOC value; The third smoothing formula includes: SOCD1=SOCD0+((1-SOCD0) / (1-SOCR))*ΔAh / C1.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, in the charging state, (1-SOCD0) / (1-SOCR) is used as a smoothing factor, so that the SOCD value calculated in the partially charged state can be smoothed following the SOCR value. Compared with the smoothing algorithm in the prior art, the second smoothing formula in the present invention enables SOCD to smoothly reach 100% when the battery reaches the fully charged condition during the charging process, thereby reducing the jump phenomenon of SOC during the charging process.

[0018] A second aspect of the present application provides a BMS management system, the BMS management system including one or more processors and a memory; The memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and is used to store computer program codes, where the computer program codes include computer instructions. The one or more processors call the computer instructions to enable the BMS management system to execute any one of the above methods.

[0019] A third aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed on a BMS management system, the BMS management system executes any one of the methods described above.

[0020] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a BMS management system, the BMS management system executes any one of the methods described above.

[0021] In summary, one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. First, based on the highest single cell voltage or the highest single cell voltage of the battery pack and the current charge and discharge state, select an appropriate method to perform a first calibration of the SOC based on the actual SOC value determined by the BMS management system; then, when the battery is discharging and the remaining power is insufficient, the battery's dischargeable capacity value is corrected based on the current temperature and charge and discharge rate value, and the SOC is calibrated for the second time based on the corrected dischargeable capacity value and the actual SOC value after the first calibration; finally, a smooth calculation is performed based on whether the first SOC value and the second SOC value are within the corresponding preset threshold range to determine the SOC value displayed to the user, thereby achieving a third calibration of the SOC. This application calibrates the SOC based on the current temperature and rate value, thereby improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC. In addition, the three-calibration mechanism calculates the final displayed SOC value based on the SOC values ​​after the first two calibrations, further improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC and reducing the SOC jump problem at the end of discharge caused by temperature and high-rate discharge.

[0022] 2. The present application improves the traditional ampere-hour integration method. The present invention does not use the traditional ampere-hour integration method to calculate the SOC based on the rated capacity of the battery, but uses the current capacity for calculation. This allows the algorithm of the present application to maintain the calculation accuracy of the SOC after the battery has been used for many cycles and the available capacity has decayed, thereby improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC.

[0023] 3. After correcting the SOC value based on the temperature and rate value, the corrected SOC value is substituted into the first smoothing formula, so that the SOC value displayed to the user is smoothed according to the second SOC value corrected based on the temperature and rate value. At the same time, compared with the existing smoothing algorithm, the present application improves the smoothing factor so that the SOCD is smoothly reduced to 0% when the discharge cut-off voltage is reached. Using the first smoothing formula of the present application for smoothing calculation reduces the problem of SOC jump at the end of discharge under low temperature and high rate conditions. 4. In the charging state, (1-SOCD0) / (1-SOCR) is used as the smoothing factor, and in the discharging state with sufficient remaining power, (SOCD0 / SOCR) is used as the smoothing factor, so that the SOCD value calculated in the partially charged state or the discharging state can be smoothed following the SOCR value. Compared with the smoothing algorithm in the prior art, the present invention uses the second smoothing formula and the third smoothing formula to calculate the SOC displayed to the user, so that the SOC value can smoothly reach the charging / discharging target value, reducing the jump phenomenon of the SOC during the charging and discharging process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for updating SOC based on temperature and rate correction disclosed in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The terms used in the following examples of the present application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in the specification and appended claims of the present application, the singular expressions "a," "an," "said," "above," "the," and "this" are intended to include plural expressions as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the present application refers to and encompasses any or all possible combinations of one or more of the listed items.

[0027] In the following, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to imply or suggest relative importance or implicitly indicate the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0028] Before introducing the embodiments of the present application, some terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are first defined and explained.

[0029] A BMS (Battery Management System) is an intelligent management system that monitors and manages the operating status of battery packs in real time. It generally includes functional modules such as data acquisition, state estimation, balancing control, fault diagnosis, and thermal management. The data acquisition module is responsible for collecting battery parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature; the state estimation module is responsible for calculating state parameters such as SOC and SOH; the balancing control module is responsible for balancing energy between battery cells; the fault diagnosis module is responsible for detecting and protecting battery abnormalities; and the thermal management module is responsible for monitoring and controlling battery temperature.

[0030] SOC (State of Charge) represents the battery's state of charge and is defined as the percentage of the battery's current remaining available capacity to its nominal capacity. SOC values ​​range from 0-100%, with 0% indicating a fully discharged battery and 100% indicating a fully charged battery. SOC is a crucial parameter for characterizing the remaining charge in a battery. It is used in battery management technology to accurately assess charge levels, optimize efficiency, ensure safe operation, and enhance user experience. It plays a crucial role in battery management, and its calculation accuracy directly impacts battery performance.

[0031] The ampere-hour integration method and the voltage calibration method are two algorithms commonly used to estimate SOC.

[0032] The ampere-hour integration method calculates the change in charge by integrating the charge and discharge current over time. The basic calculation formula is: Where SOC(t0) is the initial SOC value, I(t) is the charge and discharge current, and C0 is the rated capacity of the battery. This method is simple in principle but has cumulative errors.

[0033] The voltage calibration method is based on the relationship between the battery's open circuit voltage (OCV) and SOC. The main idea is to obtain the OCV-SOC relationship curve of the battery at different SOCs through experiments, and then infer the SOC based on the voltage value when the battery is stationary or under specific working conditions. This method has high accuracy but requires the battery to be in a stable state.

[0034] The nominal capacity of a battery cell refers to the theoretical capacity of a battery when fully charged and discharged under standard conditions (e.g., 25°C, 0.2C rate), measured in ampere-hours (Ah). This parameter is determined by the battery design and manufacturing process. The nominal capacity of a battery cell in this disclosure is represented by C0.

[0035] The current total capacity of the battery cell is the total amount of electricity that the battery cell can actually store after taking into account the aging factor of the battery cell in the battery management system (BMS), and the unit is ampere-hour (Ah). Its calculation formula is C1=C0*SOH, where SOH is the current capacity retention rate of the battery cell with a resolution of 1%, reflecting the capacity attenuation of the battery cell due to aging, use and other factors. For example, the rated capacity C0 of a battery cell is 3Ah, and the capacity retention rate after a period of use, SOH, is 70%. At this time, the current total capacity of the battery cell is C1=3Ah×70%=2.1Ah. In the present invention, the current total capacity of the battery cell is represented by C1.

[0036] The dischargeable capacity of a battery cell, also known as the available capacity, refers to the capacity that can be released by the battery under actual operating conditions (taking into account factors such as temperature and rate). The dischargeable capacity is generally less than the rated capacity. In this invention, the dischargeable capacity of a battery cell is represented by C2.

[0037] The discharge rate (C) is a parameter that measures the speed of battery discharge. Its physical meaning is the ratio of the current discharged by the battery per unit time to the rated capacity of the battery, reflecting the load intensity during battery discharge. The discharge rate is calculated as: C = I ÷ Q, where C is the discharge rate value, the unit of discharge current is A, and the unit of battery rated capacity is Ah. For example, if a battery with a rated capacity of 10Ah is discharged at a current of 20A, the discharge rate is: C = 20A ÷ 10Ah = 2C, indicating that the battery is discharging at a current of twice the rated capacity. If a battery with a rated capacity of 50Ah is discharged at a current of 50A, the discharge rate is 1C (i.e., "1 times the capacity current"), and theoretically, the battery can discharge for 1 hour (50Ah ÷ 50A = 1h).

[0038] Under low temperature or high-rate discharge conditions, the available capacity of the battery cells decreases. The ampere-hour integral calculates the available capacity of the battery based on the rated capacity, which will result in a higher SOC at the end of discharge. When the battery voltage is discharged to a low level, the calibration conditions of the open circuit voltage method are triggered, causing the SOC to jump. In addition, during the battery's charging or discharging process, SOC jumps may also occur due to reasons such as switching charging modes, battery polarization, and sudden changes in ambient temperature. SOC jumps are not conducive to users' judgment of battery life and may also cause errors in users' estimation of charging time, affecting the user experience.

[0039] In order to solve the technical problem of SOC jump at the end of discharge under low temperature or high rate discharge conditions, this application adopts an SOC update method based on temperature and rate correction, corrects the calculated SOC based on the temperature and rate values, and uses a balancing algorithm to perform SOC smoothing calculation to reduce the SOC jump problem at the end of discharge.

[0040] As a first embodiment of the present invention, a SOC updating method based on temperature and rate correction is provided. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for updating SOC based on temperature and rate correction disclosed in an embodiment of the present application. The method for updating SOC based on temperature and rate correction is applied to a BMS management system and implemented by the BMS management system, including steps S101 to S110, which are as follows: S101: Obtaining the charge and discharge status and extreme cell voltage of the battery; During the SOC update cycle, the BMS system can obtain parameters such as the battery's charge and discharge status, the battery's extreme cell voltage, the battery's temperature, and the charge / discharge current. The BMS system can combine the current sensor or the battery voltage change trend to obtain whether the battery is in the charging or discharging state.

[0041] The BMS system can also obtain the battery's extreme single-cell voltage. The BMS system obtains the voltage value of each battery cell and sorts them. When the battery is in the charging state, the highest single-cell voltage value obtained is the extreme single-cell voltage. When the battery is in the discharging state, the lowest single-cell voltage value obtained is the extreme single-cell voltage.

[0042] S102: Determine whether the charge and discharge state of the battery and the extreme cell voltage meet the calibration conditions of the voltage calibration method; the voltage calibration conditions refer to specific operating conditions that trigger the voltage calibration method, specifically including: Static calibration condition: The battery is left at rest for a period exceeding a set value (ranging from 15 minutes to 2 hours). At this time, the battery terminal voltage is close to OCV. When the static calibration condition is met, Q and SOCR are calibrated according to the corresponding data in the given OCV-SOC correspondence. When the system is running, it checks whether the calibration condition is met once according to the preset period. High SOC calibration conditions: the maximum cell voltage Umax, minimum temperature Tmin and charging current I in the charging state meet specific thresholds; Full charge calibration condition: Charge to the cut-off condition according to the charging protocol; Low SOC calibration conditions: minimum cell voltage, minimum temperature, and discharge current in the discharge state meet specific thresholds; Full discharge calibration conditions: discharge to the cut-off voltage and the temperature and current meet the requirements.

[0043] The voltage calibration method in the present invention is used to calibrate the SOCR in the high SOC / low SOC range. It has high accuracy and therefore has the highest priority in the algorithm.

[0044] The calibration conditions in the present invention can be set with reference to the calibration conditions in the art. For example, the high SOC calibration condition is set as: max ≥Specified voltage value, T min ≥ specified temperature value, I≤ specified current value; Set the low SOC calibration condition to, U min ≤Specified voltage value, T min ≤ specified temperature value, I ≤ specified current value. Those skilled in the art may set that when a battery satisfies the value range of one or more calibration parameters in the above calibration conditions, it is deemed to meet the calibration conditions, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0045] Preferably, in some specific embodiments, the calibration conditions of the voltage calibration method in the present invention include whether the highest cell voltage meets the high SOC calibration condition if the battery is in a charging state, or whether the lowest cell voltage meets the low SOC calibration condition when the battery is in a discharging state.

[0046] Preferably, the calibration conditions of the voltage calibration method in this embodiment include: if the battery is in a charging state, then U max ≥ the first preset voltage value, if the battery is in discharge state, U min ≤ a second preset voltage value; S103: If the charge and discharge state of the battery and the extreme cell voltage meet the calibration conditions of the voltage calibration method, calculate a first SOC value using the voltage calibration method; In the present invention, the first SOC value is the SOC value calculated and recorded by the BMS system, which is used to determine the current state of charge of the battery, indicating the actual SOC determined by the system, and is recorded as SOCR; Q is the current charge of the battery cell, in Ah; The first SOC value is a real SOC value determined by the BMS management system; The specific calibration process is as follows: Under static calibration conditions, when the battery is at rest for a period exceeding the set value, the battery terminal voltage is close to OCV. Q and SOCR are calibrated according to the corresponding data in the given OCV-SOC correspondence. When the system is running, it is checked once at a preset period to see if the calibration conditions are met. The preset period can be once per minute or other frequencies set by those skilled in the art. Under high SOC calibration conditions, that is, the battery is in a charging state and U max ≥ the first preset voltage value, the first calibration process of the SOC includes setting SOCR = the first percentage, Q = the first percentage * C1, and the first SOC value is the first percentage; Preferably, the first percentage may be 95%, and may also be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to the needs of actual scenarios or different battery performances; Under full charge calibration conditions: charge according to the charging protocol to the cut-off condition; at this time, the calibration process includes setting Q = C1, SOCR = 100% Under low SOC calibration conditions, that is, when the battery is in a discharged state and U min When the voltage is less than or equal to the second preset voltage value, the first calibration of the SOC includes setting SOCR = the second percentage, Q = the second percentage * C1, and the first SOC value is the second percentage. Preferably, the second percentage may be 5%, and may also be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to the needs of the actual scenario or the different battery performance. Under full discharge calibration conditions: discharge to the cut-off voltage and the temperature and current meet the requirements. In this application, when discharged to the single cell low voltage, if ((T min ≥25℃AND current absolute value ≤0.5C)OR(T min ≥10℃AND absolute current value ≤0.2C), SOCR=0%, Q=0.

[0047] S104: If the charge and discharge state of the battery and the extreme cell voltage do not meet the calibration conditions of the voltage calibration method, calculate a first SOC value by performing ampere-hour integration using a first preset method; If the BMS system determines that the above voltage calibration conditions are not met, it will use the first preset method to calculate the first SOC value to achieve the first level of SOC calibration. For example, when the highest cell voltage is less than the first preset voltage value and / or the lowest cell voltage is greater than the second preset voltage value, the voltage calibration method will have low SOC calibration accuracy, so the ampere-hour integration method will be used to calculate the first SOC value. The first preset method in the present invention is an improved method of the existing ampere-hour integration method.

[0048] Specifically, the first SOC value is calculated by integrating ampere-hours using a first preset method, including: Q1=Q0+ΔAh; SOCR = Q1 / C1*100%, where Q0 is the initial charge value for this integration cycle, Q1 is the current charge, ΔAh is the ampere-hour differential, and ΔAh = I*T, where I is the average current value during the integration cycle and T is the ampere-hour integration period. The calculated SOCR value is the first SOC value.

[0049] In the existing related technologies, the calculation method of the ampere-hour integral method is generally as follows: Where SOC(t0) is the initial SOC value, I(t) is the charge and discharge current, and C0 is the rated capacity of the battery. This method is simple in principle but has cumulative errors.

[0050] The present invention does not use the traditional ampere-hour integration method to calculate the SOC based on the rated capacity C0 of the battery, but instead uses the current charge capacity C1 for calculation. This allows the algorithm of the present application to maintain the calculation accuracy of the SOC during the use of the battery after the available capacity has decayed due to multiple cycles of use, thereby improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC.

[0051] S105: Obtain a first SOC value; Calculating a first SOC value according to steps S101 to S104 above. After the first SOC value is calculated, the BMS system obtains and stores the calculation result of the first SOC value for use in subsequent calculation steps. S106: When the battery is in a discharging state, obtaining a current temperature and a discharge rate value; The current temperature value can be collected by a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is set at key positions of the lithium battery pack, such as the surface of the battery cell, inside the battery module, etc. It can sense the operating temperature of the lithium battery in real time and convert the temperature signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the BMS management system. The acquisition of the discharge rate value is completed through the cooperation of the current sensor and the voltage sensor. The current sensor monitors the current size of the lithium battery during the discharge process in real time, and the voltage sensor monitors the voltage at both ends of the battery. The BMS management system calculates the current discharge rate value based on the preset algorithm and the rated capacity of the battery. The method for collecting temperature and calculating the discharge rate value is the existing technology in this field and is not specifically limited here.

[0052] Preferably, the BMS management system of the present invention has a built-in temperature compensation module. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is in the low temperature range, the temperature compensation module automatically starts to calibrate the measurement data of the temperature sensor, correct the measurement error caused by the low temperature, and ensure that the acquired temperature data is accurate and reliable.

[0053] S107: Correcting the dischargeable capacity of the battery according to the current temperature and the discharge rate value; In the BMS management system of the present invention, in order to more accurately reflect the actual discharge capacity of the lithium battery under low temperature or high rate discharge conditions, the system uses a temperature / rate correction coefficient K to correct the discharge capacity.

[0054] The system has a built-in table of temperature / ratio and correction factor correspondence. See Table 1 for the specific table format. Temperature\ratio 0.2C 0.5C 1C -20℃ 0.8 0.7 0.6 0℃ 0.9 0.85 0.8 25℃ 1 1 0.97

[0055] Table 1 is the correspondence table of temperature / ratio and correction coefficient Table 1 is a correspondence table of temperature / rate and correction coefficient. The data therein are recorded by the inventor during the test of the battery at different temperatures and rates. The more accurate the parameter K is, the higher the accuracy of the SOC algorithm calculated in the end will be.

[0056] It should be noted that Table 1 is an example of the implementation process of the technical solution of the present invention. The temperature and rate value ranges calibrated by the present invention are not limited to the temperature and rate value ranges shown in Table 1. At the same time, when the performance of the battery is different, the corresponding K value in the table will also be different accordingly. The specific values ​​of the table are not specifically limited here.

[0057] This table records the correction coefficient K values ​​corresponding to different temperature and discharge rate combinations. After obtaining the current temperature and discharge rate values, the BMS system queries the table for the correction coefficient K value for the corresponding temperature and discharge rate combination. Using the K value found, it corrects the battery's dischargeable capacity using the calculation method: C2 = C1 * K. C1 is the current total capacity of the battery cell, and C2 is the battery's dischargeable capacity. This calculation of the battery's dischargeable capacity more accurately reflects the lithium battery's discharge capacity during actual use.

[0058] In some embodiments, because the actual detected temperature / magnification data will not always be exactly the same as the data in the table, the system will select the lowest value in the table of temperature / magnification and correction coefficient that is closest to the actual situation as a reference. For example, if the current detected temperature Tmin = -10°C and the magnification is 0.3°C, and the closest lower temperature and magnification combination in the table is -20°C and 0.2°C, the system will select the correction coefficient corresponding to this combination, i.e., K = 0.8.

[0059] In some embodiments, the total Euclidean distance between the current temperature and ratio value and the temperature and ratio value in the table can be calculated and then rounded down. The temperature and ratio value with the smallest total Euclidean distance from the current temperature and ratio value after rounding down can be filtered out from the table. This temperature and ratio value combination is the closest lower numerical value combination.

[0060] In some embodiments, when calculating the Euclidean distance, dynamic weights can be assigned to temperature and rate respectively. The specific weight values ​​can be dynamically adjusted based on factors such as the use scenario of the lithium battery and historical data. For example, in a low temperature environment, the impact of temperature on battery performance is greater, and the weight of temperature can be appropriately increased. The calculation formula for the Euclidean distance can be: Where D is the Euclidean distance between the calculated current temperature and magnification value and the temperature and magnification value in the table, w T and w R is the weight of temperature and rate value, T c 、R c is the currently measured temperature and magnification value, T table and R table are the temperature and rate values ​​in the table.

[0061] In some embodiments, the BMS management system of the present invention has an adaptive learning function. By recording the historical working data of the lithium battery under different temperature and charge and discharge rate conditions, a data model is established. When the temperature and charge and discharge rate values ​​are subsequently obtained, the current measurement values ​​can be predicted and corrected based on the historical data, thereby obtaining the current temperature and charge and discharge rate values ​​more accurately.

[0062] The specific steps of the present invention for predicting and correcting the current measurement value using historical working data and a data model include: Data collection: The BMS management system continuously collects temperature data, dischargeable capacity value, current total capacity of the battery cell and corresponding discharge rate value of the lithium battery under different working conditions through temperature sensors, current sensors and voltage sensors. The K value is , and the collection frequency can be set according to actual needs to ensure that complete and continuous working data is obtained.

[0063] Data preprocessing: Clean the collected data to remove outliers and noise data; and perform normalization to map data of different dimensions to the same numerical range for subsequent processing.

[0064] Model Construction: The data model utilizes an LSTM neural network. Multiple LSTM layers are incorporated into the neural network structure, each containing a specific number of memory cells to capture the data's time series characteristics and long-term dependencies. The input layer receives temperature and discharge rate data. After processing by the LSTM layer, it is mapped to the output layer via a fully connected layer. The output is the ratio of the corresponding dischargeable capacity to the cell's current capacity, i.e., the correction factor K. The network parameters are updated using a backpropagation algorithm to continuously optimize the model's prediction accuracy.

[0065] Model training: Divide the preprocessed data into a training set and a test set, use the training set data to train the model, and minimize the error between the model's predicted value and the actual value by adjusting the model parameters. For example, use the mean square error (MSE) as the loss function for optimization.

[0066] Model optimization and update: Regularly retrain the model using newly collected data. Based on the evaluation results of the test set, determine whether the model structure or parameters need to be adjusted so that the model can adapt to changes in lithium battery performance over time.

[0067] Practical application: When subsequently acquiring temperature and charge / discharge rate values, the real-time data is input into the trained data model. The model analyzes the current measurement values ​​based on historically learned patterns, predicts possible errors, and corrects the output values ​​to produce a more accurate correction coefficient value.

[0068] When actually determining the K value, the present invention not only uses Euclidean distance screening but also can combine the results of the prediction model to comprehensively judge the correction coefficient to improve the accuracy and adaptability of the correction result.

[0069] S108: Calculating a second SOC value based on the corrected dischargeable capacity and the first SOC value; The second SOC value is a corrected SOC value; If SOCR * C1 - C1 + C2 > 0, then SOCK = (SOCR * C1 - C1 + C2) / C2, where C1 is the current total capacity of the battery cell, and SOCR is the first SOC value. SOCK is the SOC value corrected by temperature / current rate, that is, the second SOC value.

[0070] If the calculated value of SOCR * C1 - C1 + C2 does not satisfy being greater than 0, then set SOCK = 0, and at this time the second SOC value is 0.

[0071] By adopting the above technical solution, the dischargeable capacity value of the battery is corrected according to the current temperature and discharge current rate value, and then the corrected dischargeable capacity is substituted to achieve the calibration of SOC, reducing the problem of inaccurate SOC calculation results caused by the influence of temperature and high current rate, and improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC.

[0072] S109: Determine whether 0 < the first SOC value ≤ M and the second SOC value > 0 holds; In this step, it is determined whether the first SOC value and the second SOC value are within the corresponding preset threshold intervals; The BMS system obtains the first SOC value and the second SOC value calculated in the previous step, and determines whether their values are within the corresponding preset threshold intervals; the specific determination criterion is to determine whether the first SOC value is within the interval (0, M], and whether the second SOC value is within the interval (0, +∞), that is, to determine whether 0 < SOCR ≤ M and SOCK > 0 are satisfied.

[0073] Preferably, M is a preset threshold, and its specific value can be 50%, or can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to the actual scenario requirements or according to different battery performances; 0 < SOCR ≤ M indicates that the remaining battery power is不多 at this time, triggering the system to correct the displayed SOC value; SOCK > 0 indicates that the accuracy of SOCK is normal at this time, and according to SOCK, it can be determined that the battery power has not been exhausted, and ampere integration should continue to continuously update the SOC value.

[0074] S110: If 0 < SOCR ≤ M and SOCK > 0 holds, then use the first smoothing formula to perform smoothing calculation according to the second SOC value and the corrected dischargeable capacity value to obtain the third SOC value.

[0075] The third SOC value is the SOC value displayed to the user. For ease of description, the third SOC value is denoted as SOCD in the present invention. In the BMS system, due to hardware accuracy limitations, algorithm errors, changes in battery characteristics, and safety policy design, the SOC value displayed to the user in the BMS system is usually different from the actual SOC value. For example, to avoid over-discharge of the battery, the BMS sets a hard protection threshold in advance. When the actual remaining capacity corresponds to the true SOC = 10%, the SOC is displayed as 5%, and a forced shutdown is performed to protect the battery.

[0076] When the battery leaves the factory, the BMS system sets an initial value for SOCD.

[0077] Preferably, before the first SOCD correction is performed after the battery leaves the factory, SOCD=SOCK, that is, the second SOC value after temperature / rate correction is set as the initial value of SOCD at this time; Performing smoothing calculation based on the second SOC value to obtain a third SOC value specifically includes: Substituting the second SOC value into the first smoothing formula to obtain a third SOC value; The first smoothing formula includes: SOCD1=SOCD0+(SOCD0 / SOCK)*ΔAh / C2; Among them, SOCD1 is the third SOC value, SOCD0 is the initial value of the SOC value displayed in this integration period, SOCK is the second SOC value, C2 is the corrected discharge capacity value of the battery, ΔAh is the ampere-hour differential, ΔAh=I*T, where I is the average current in the integration period, and T is the ampere-hour integration period.

[0078] Compared with other smoothing algorithms, in the first smoothing formula of the present invention, after the SOC value and C2 value are corrected by the temperature / rate correction algorithm, the third SOC value is smoothed following the corrected SOCK value, and the SOC value is calculated using the corrected discharge capacity value, so that the SOCD value can smoothly decrease along with the decrease of the SOCK value during the discharge process, further reducing the phenomenon of SOC value jumps.

[0079] Furthermore, after calculating the SOCD1 value, the BMS system determines whether SOCD1 is greater than a first preset threshold value. Only when SOCD1 is greater than the first preset threshold value is it updated on the display interface to display the current SOC value to the user.

[0080] SOCD+(SOCD / SOCK)*ΔAh / C2>N, where N is a first preset threshold.

[0081] Preferably, the specific value of N may be 1%, and may also be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to the needs of actual scenarios or different battery performances. By limiting the SOCD value to be greater than a certain smaller threshold, the displayed SOC value is prevented from decreasing to 0% due to the ampere-hour integration, thereby affecting the user experience. Furthermore, during battery testing, the inventors discovered that when the discharge current suddenly changes, the SOCK value may also suddenly change. At this time, correcting the SOCD value based solely on the first smoothing formula may result in a sudden change in SOCD. To address the technical issue of SOCD changing with SOCK changes, after calculating the SOCD1 value, the BMS system determines whether the change in SOCD during this ampere-hour integration period is less than a second preset threshold. Specifically, a determination is made as to whether (SOCD1 - SOCD0) / SOCD0 * 100% ≤ R. If so, the current SOCD1 value is updated to the displayed SOC value. If (SOCD1 - SOCD0) / SOCD0 * 100% > R, further smoothing is performed on the current SOCD1 value to prevent sudden changes in the SOCD value. R represents a second preset threshold.

[0082] Preferably, the specific value of R may be 1%, and may also be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to the needs of the actual scenario or according to different battery performances; In the present invention, the correction condition for SOCD is limited to (SOCD1-SOCD0) / SOCD0*100% being less than a specific threshold value. This means that the maximum change of SOCD in each integration cycle is limited to prevent sudden changes. That is, if |ΔSOCD| in this integration cycle is greater than a set value, the change is limited to the set value.

[0083] By adopting the above technical solution, after the SOC value is corrected based on the temperature and rate value, the corrected SOC value is substituted into the first smoothing formula, so that the SOC value displayed to the user is smoothed according to the second SOC value corrected based on the temperature and rate value. At the same time, compared with existing smoothing algorithms, the smoothing algorithm of the present application can also smoothly reduce the SOCD to 0% when the discharge cut-off voltage is reached. Using the first smoothing formula of the present application for smoothing calculation reduces the problem of SOC jump at the end of discharge under low temperature and high rate conditions.

[0084] In order to solve the problem of SOC jump displayed at the end of discharge under low temperature and high rate discharge conditions, the present invention first selects a suitable method to perform a first calibration of the SOC based on the highest single cell voltage or the highest single cell voltage of the battery pack and the current charge and discharge state, and the real SOC value determined by the BMS management system; then, according to the current temperature and charge and discharge rate value, the dischargeable capacity value of the battery is corrected, and the SOC is secondly calibrated based on the corrected dischargeable capacity value and the real SOC value after the first calibration; finally, a smoothing calculation is performed based on whether the first SOC value and the second SOC value are within the corresponding preset threshold range to determine the SOC value displayed to the user, thereby achieving a third calibration of the SOC. The present application calibrates the SOC based on the current temperature and rate value, thereby improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC, and the three-calibration mechanism calculates the final displayed SOC value based on the SOC values ​​after the first two calibrations, further improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC and reducing the SOC jump problem at the end of discharge caused by temperature and high rate discharge.

[0085] By adopting the above technical solution, when the battery is discharging and the remaining power is insufficient, the battery's discharge capacity value is corrected according to the current temperature and charge and discharge rate value, and then the corrected discharge capacity is substituted into the calibration of the SOC, thereby reducing the problem of inaccurate SOC calculation results at the end of discharge caused by the influence of temperature and high rate, and improving the accuracy of the calculated SOC.

[0086] Step S111 is a SOC calibration step when the battery is in a discharging state and has sufficient remaining power.

[0087] S111: If the first SOC value is greater than M or the second SOC value is equal to 0, a second smoothing formula is used to perform smoothing calculation based on the first SOC value to obtain a third SOC value; If the BMS system determines that the battery is in a discharging state and the first SOC value is greater than the preset second threshold, or the second SOC value is 0, the first SOC value is substituted into the second smoothing formula to calculate the second SOC value; Preferably, the specific value of the preset second threshold may be 50%, and may also be flexibly set by those skilled in the art according to the needs of actual scenarios or different battery performances; When the first SOC value is greater than the preset second threshold, it means that the remaining power is large, and SOCR is used for smoothing calculation; when the second SOC value is 0, that is, SOCK=0, in related technologies, the SOCD value is usually set to 0 based on the SOCK value being 0.

[0088] However, the inventors discovered during production and research that the polarization voltage drop accumulates during battery discharge. Therefore, it is possible for SOCK to be 0, yet the battery can still discharge a small amount of energy at a low rate. For example, if SOCR = 20%, and the battery is left overnight at -20°C, the SOCK may be calculated as 0, but the battery may still discharge at a low rate. Under these conditions, setting the SOCD value to 0 according to prior art practices does not accurately reflect the battery's state of charge. Therefore, even when SOCK = 0, the present invention still requires smoothing the calculation of SOCD to more accurately reflect the battery's state of charge.

[0089] In addition, in some extreme cases, for example, although the remaining power is greater than a certain threshold, the temperature is very low and a large rate discharge is being performed. At this time, the voltage may quickly reach the discharge cut-off voltage. Therefore, in order to reduce the SOC jump phenomenon in this case, this application also needs to smooth the calculation of SOCD.

[0090] Under the condition of SOCR>M or SOCK=0, the present invention adopts SOCR to perform smoothing calculation, but makes SOCD follow SOCR for smoothing.

[0091] The second smoothing formula includes: SOCD1=SOCD0+(SOCD0 / SOCR)*ΔAh / C1.

[0092] By adopting the above technical solution, in the discharge state, (SOCD0 / SOCR) is used as the smoothing factor, so that the SOCD value calculated in the discharge state can be smoothed following the SOCR value. Compared with the smoothing algorithm in the prior art, the second smoothing formula in the present invention enables SOCD to be smoothly reduced to 0 when the battery is discharged to the cut-off voltage during the discharge process, thereby reducing the jump phenomenon of SOC during the discharge process.

[0093] Step S112 is a SOC calibration step when the battery is in a charging state.

[0094] S112: When the battery is in a charging state, the first SOC value is substituted into a third smoothing formula to calculate a third SOC value; When the battery is in the charging state, that is, SOCR<1, the SOC at the end of discharge will not jump due to temperature and high-rate discharge, but the SOC jump phenomenon still exists. At this time, the first SOC value is substituted into the third smoothing formula for calculation to obtain the third SOC value, so as to achieve a smooth change of the SOC value during the charging process.

[0095] The third smoothing formula includes: SOCD1=SOCD0+((1-SOCD0) / (1-SOCR))*ΔAh / C1.

[0096] If the calculated SOCD1 is less than or equal to 1, it indicates that the battery is not fully charged yet, and the calculated third SOC value is updated as the SOC value displayed to the user.

[0097] It should be noted that, if SOCR=1 or SOCD1=1 during the charging process, the SOC value displayed at this time is 100%, indicating that it is in a fully charged state at this time.

[0098] By adopting the above technical solution, in the charging state, (1-SOCD0) / (1-SOCR) is used as a smoothing factor, so that the SOCD value calculated in the partially charged state can be smoothed following the SOCR value. Compared with the smoothing algorithm in the prior art, the third smoothing formula in the present invention enables SOCD to smoothly reach 100% when the battery reaches the fully charged condition during the charging process, thereby reducing the jump phenomenon of SOC during the charging process.

[0099] The smoothing algorithm of the present invention can not only reduce the SOC jump at the end of discharge under low temperature and high rate conditions, but also reduce the SOC jump phenomenon during the charging process and the discharge process when there is a large amount of remaining power or when there is enough remaining power, so that the SOC is updated smoothly.

[0100] After the SOCD update of this cycle is completed, the BMS system enters the next new SOC update cycle, and implements steps S101-S111 in sequence according to the initial value of the new SOC update cycle to complete the SOC update in the new cycle.

[0101] The present application also provides a BMS management system applied in a BMS management system, the BMS management system including one or more processors and a memory; The memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and is used to store computer program codes, where the computer program codes include computer instructions. The one or more processors call the computer instructions to enable the BMS management system to execute any one of the above methods.

[0102] A third aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed on a BMS management system, the BMS management system executes any one of the methods described above.

[0103] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a BMS management system, the BMS management system executes any one of the methods described above.

[0104] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0105] As used in the above embodiments, the term “when…” may be interpreted to mean “if…” or “after…” or “in response to determining…” or “in response to detecting…”, depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases “upon determining…” or “if (stated condition or event) is detected” may be interpreted to mean “if determining…” or “in response to determining…” or “upon detecting (stated condition or event)” or “in response to detecting (stated condition or event)”, depending on the context.

[0106] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center via a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrations. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state hard disk).

[0107] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the process steps in the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing the relevant hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program can include the process steps in the above-described method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM or random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A SOC update method based on temperature and rate correction, characterized in that: include: calculating a first SOC value; The first SOC value is a real SOC value determined by the BMS management system; When the battery is in the discharge state, obtain the current temperature and discharge rate value; Correcting the discharge capacity of the battery according to the current temperature and the discharge rate value; Calculating a second SOC value based on the corrected discharge capacity value and the first SOC value; The second SOC value is a corrected SOC value; Determine whether 0 < first SOC value ≤ M and second SOC value > 0, where M is a preset threshold; If 0<first SOC value≤M and second SOC value>0 is established, a smoothing calculation is performed based on the second SOC value and the corrected dischargeable capacity value to obtain a third SOC value, and the third SOC value is the SOC value displayed to the user.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The performing smoothing calculation based on the second SOC value and the corrected dischargeable capacity value to obtain the third SOC value specifically includes: Substitute the second SOC value into the first smoothing formula to obtain the third SOC value, The first smoothing formula includes: SOCD1=SOCD0+(SOCD0 / SOCK)*ΔAh / C2; Wherein, SOCD1 is the third SOC value, SOCD0 is the initial value of the SOC value displayed during this integration period, SOCK is the second SOC value, C2 is the corrected discharge capacity value of the battery, ΔAh is the ampere-hour differential, ΔAh = I * T, where I is the average current during the integration period, and T is the ampere-hour integration period.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The second SOC value is obtained by calculating according to the corrected discharge capacity value and the first SOC value, specifically including: If SOCR*C1-C1+C2>0, then SOCK=(SOCR*C1-C1+C2) / C2, where C1 is the current total capacity of the battery cell and SOCR is the first SOC value.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that Correcting the discharge capacity of the battery according to the current temperature and the discharge rate value includes: C2 = C1 * K; Wherein, K is a correction coefficient found in a pre-stored temperature-rate correction coefficient correspondence table according to the current temperature and discharge rate value.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculating the first SOC value includes: Obtain the battery's charge and discharge status and extreme single-cell voltage; Determine whether the voltage calibration method calibration conditions are met based on the battery's charge and discharge status and extreme single cell voltage; If the charge and discharge state of the battery and the extreme cell voltage do not meet the calibration conditions of the voltage calibration method, a first preset method is used to perform ampere-hour integration to calculate a first SOC value; The calculating the first SOC value by integrating ampere-hours using the first preset method specifically includes: Q1=Q0+ΔAh; SOCR = Q1 / C1 * 100% ; Among them, Q0 is the initial value of the charge in this integration cycle, Q1 is the current charge, SOCR is the calculated first SOC value, and C1 is the current total capacity of the battery cell.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: When the battery is in a discharging state and the first SOC value is greater than a preset second threshold, or the second SOC value is 0, the first SOC value is substituted into the second smoothing formula to calculate a third SOC value; The second smoothing formula includes: SOCD1= SOCD0 + (SOCD0 / SOCR) * ΔAh / C1; SOCD1 is the third SOC value, SOCD0 is the initial value of the SOC value displayed in this integration period, SOCR is the calculated first SOC value, ΔAh is the ampere-hour differential, and C1 is the current total capacity of the battery cell.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: When the battery is in a charging state, a smoothing calculation is performed based on the first SOC value to obtain a third SOC value; The performing smoothing calculation according to the first SOC value to obtain the third SOC value includes: Substituting the first SOC value into the third smoothing formula to calculate a third SOC value; The third smoothing formula includes: SOCD1= SOCD0+ ((1-SOCD0) / (1-SOCR)) * ΔAh / C1; SOCD1 is the third SOC value, SOCD0 is the initial value of the SOC value displayed in this integration period, SOCR is the calculated first SOC value, ΔAh is the ampere-hour differential, and C1 is the current total capacity of the battery cell.

8. A BMS battery management system, characterized in that: including one or more processors and memory; The memory is coupled to the one or more processors, and the memory is used to store computer program code, where the computer program code includes computer instructions. The one or more processors call the computer instructions to enable the BMS battery management system to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that: When the computer instructions are executed on a processor of a BMS battery management system, the BMS battery management system is caused to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that When the computer program product is executed on a processor of a BMS battery management system, the BMS battery management system is enabled to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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