Open-top chamber for simulating daytime temperature increase of farmland and system of open-top chamber

Abstract

The invention provides an open-top chamber for simulating farmland daytime temperature rise and a system thereof, and relates to the technical field of farmland and natural ecosystem temperature rise simulation. The open-top chamber for simulating the daytime temperature rise of the farmland comprises a main body frame, the main body frame is hollow, the top of the main body frame is not closed, a plurality of ventilation openings are formed in the side wall of the main body frame, each ventilation opening can be closed by a side supporting plate, and each side supporting plate is connected with the main body frame through a spring hinge; a driving part and a winch are arranged at the top of the main body frame, the driving part is used for driving the winch to rotate, a plurality of pull wires are wound in the winch, and each pull wire is connected with one side supporting plate; and temperature sensors are arranged inside and outside the main body frame. The device has the advantages of quick response, high regulation and control precision and low energy consumption, the weather resistance and reliability of the device are greatly improved, and meanwhile, the device can cope with unattended working environments in fields and fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of simulated temperature increase of farmland and natural ecosystem, in particular to an open-top chamber and a system thereof for simulating daytime temperature increase of farmland. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of global climate change, terrestrial ecosystems are facing unprecedented impacts. As crucial components of Earth's surface systems, the response of farmland and natural ecosystems to climate change is directly linked to core issues of human survival, such as food security, biodiversity maintenance, and carbon cycle balance. Studies have shown that a temperature increase of 1-3°C could lead to a 5%-15% decrease in global yields of major crops such as wheat and rice (FAO, 2022), a sharp decline in biodiversity in key ecosystems such as the Amazon rainforest by 18%-35%, and a 22%-48% increase in the rate of soil organic carbon mineralization loss, highlighting the urgency of climate change research.

[0003] Temperature is the core driving factor of climate change, and its changing pattern has a nonlinear effect on the ecosystem. Current atmospheric warming simulation technologies are mainly divided into two categories: Open Top Chamber (OTC) and Infrared Radiation Warming System (T-FACE). Traditional OTC achieves passive warming by enhancing solar radiation, which has the advantage of zero energy consumption, but has significant defects: under sunny conditions, the internal temperature of the OTC can reach more than 10°C above the ambient temperature +10°C, far exceeding the 3°C temperature rise threshold in 2100 predicted by the RCP4.5 scenario in the fifth report of the IPCC, which can easily lead to simulation distortion. At the same time, the existing OTC system also lacks dynamic control capabilities and cannot realize gradient warming experiments and accurate temperature simulation. Although the T-FACE system can achieve precise temperature control during the day and night (accuracy of ±0.5°C) through infrared heaters, its energy consumption is as high as 200-400kW·h·m -2 Large-scale applications are economically unsuitable. Existing improved OTCs mostly optimize temperature distribution through passive control devices such as sunshade nets and ventilation windows, but they suffer from problems such as response lag and poor control accuracy. For example, after a typical OTC device activates the sunshade system at 35°C, it takes 45-60 minutes for the temperature to drop, making it difficult to match the transient response characteristics of the ecosystem. This technical bottleneck severely restricts research on climate change biology, especially for understanding the mechanisms of temperature-sensitive processes such as plant phenological shifts and soil microbial community succession.

[0004] In summary, there is an urgent need to develop a new OTC system that combines rapid response, high control accuracy and low energy consumption, so as to become the key to breaking through the current bottleneck of climate simulation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address these issues, the present invention provides an open-top chamber and system for simulating daytime farmland warming. These chambers combine rapid response, high control accuracy, and low energy consumption, significantly improving the device's weather resistance and reliability while also adapting to unattended field and outdoor environments.

[0006] The present invention provides an open-top chamber for simulating daytime warming of farmland, comprising a main frame, which is hollow and has an open top. A plurality of vents are provided in the side walls of the main frame, each of which can be closed by a side support plate, and each side support plate is connected to the main frame by a spring hinge; a driving member and a winch are provided on the top of the main frame, the driving member is used to drive the winch to rotate, a plurality of traction lines are wound in the winch, and each traction line is connected to a side support plate; temperature sensors are provided inside and outside the main frame.

[0007] In a feasible embodiment, the main frame includes a plurality of columns, and adjacent columns are connected by top supports 14 and bottom supports 15. Ventilation holes are formed between adjacent columns, or windows are provided between adjacent columns.

[0008] In a feasible embodiment, a fixing column is provided at the bottom of each column.

[0009] In a feasible embodiment, the ventilation openings are evenly arranged around the side walls of the main frame.

[0010] In a feasible implementation manner, a closing frame is further provided on the top of the main frame, and the closing frame gradually closes from bottom to top but is not closed.

[0011] In a feasible embodiment, the closing frame includes a plurality of closing support rods arranged obliquely, and closing side support plates are provided between adjacent closing support rods.

[0012] In a feasible embodiment, a supporting truss is further provided inside the main frame, and the driving member and the winch are provided on the supporting truss.

[0013] In one feasible embodiment, the support truss includes a plurality of support rods, one end of all the support rods are connected to each other, and the other end is connected to the side wall of the main frame; the driving member and the winch are located at the connection between all the support rods.

[0014] The present invention also provides an open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland, comprising an open-top chamber for simulating daytime warming of farmland, and also comprising a photovoltaic power supply unit and a main control unit arranged on the side wall of the main frame, wherein the main control unit is used to receive data from the sensor and control the driving element, the photovoltaic power supply unit is used to supply power to the driving element, the main control unit and the temperature sensor, and the main control unit is used to control the driving element.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for using an open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1) Temperature sensors located inside and outside the main frame respectively detect the current temperatures inside and outside the main frame and transmit the data to the main control unit;

[0017] Step 2) The main control unit calculates the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the main frame, and controls the driving member to rotate the capstan according to the difference between the inside and outside temperature difference and the preset temperature value, so that the vent is closed or opened;

[0018] Step 3) Repeat steps 1) and 2) at intervals.

[0019] The present invention provides an open-top chamber and system for simulating daytime warming of farmland, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1) The open-top chamber provided by the present invention is provided with a drive member and a winch. The winch controls the side support plate through a traction line wound therein to close or open the vents. It can have a fast response, high control accuracy and low energy consumption, greatly improving the weather resistance and reliability of the device, and at the same time can cope with unattended working environments in the field and the wild.

[0021] 2) The open-top chamber provided by the present invention is provided with a main frame, and temperature sensors are respectively provided inside and outside the main frame. By adjusting the height of the temperature sensors, the temperature at different positions inside the main frame can be more accurately simulated in a targeted manner. This is crucial for accurate simulation research on crop canopies at different heights in farmland and different vegetation types in natural ecosystems.

[0022] 3) The open-top chamber system provided by the present invention is provided with a photovoltaic power supply unit, which does not require external power input to the system and can be widely used in farmlands without basic power supply facilities and wild natural ecosystems.

[0023] 4) The open-top chamber system provided by the present invention is based on solar radiation heating and realizes precise temperature control in short steps through a control unit, which reduces energy consumption while improving the accuracy of ambient temperature simulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the side support plate when the ventilation opening is opened in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top view of the side support plate sealing the ventilation opening in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 A top view of the side support plate of the present invention with the ventilation opening opened

[0028] Reference numerals

[0029] Main frame 1

[0030] Vent 11

[0031] Column 12

[0032] Fixed 12.1

[0033] Form 13

[0034] Top support 14

[0035] Bottom support 15

[0036] Side support board 2

[0037] Spring hinge 3

[0038] Drive 4

[0039] Winch 5

[0040] Pull line 51

[0041] Temperature sensor 6

[0042] Closing frame 7

[0043] Closing support rod 71

[0044] Closing side support plate 72

[0045] Support truss 8

[0046] Support rod 81

[0047] Photovoltaic power supply unit 9

[0048] Main control unit 10 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "left side", "right side", "upper side", "lower side", "above", "below", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0051] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more.

[0052] The embodiment of the present invention provides an open-top chamber for simulating daytime warming of farmland, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , including a main frame 1, the main frame 1 is hollow and its top is not closed, the main frame 1 is usually a hollow polygonal column, for example: a hexagonal column or an octagonal column, the side wall of the main frame 1 is provided with a plurality of vents 11, each vent 11 can be closed by a side support plate 2, each side support plate 2 is connected to the main frame 1 by a spring hinge 3, the spring hinge 3 may include an axis and two single leaves that can rotate around the axis, one of the single leaves is connected to the side wall of the main frame 1, and the other single leaf is connected to the side support plate 2, a spring is provided between the two single leaves, the spring is used to provide tension, when the angle between the two single leaves is changed due to external force, the spring is compressed, and after the external force is removed, the tension of the spring will drive the angle between the two single leaves to return to the initial state. In the present invention, the initial angle between the two single leaves of the spring hinge 3 is small. See Figure 3 and Figure 4, a driving member 4 and a winch 5 are provided on the top of the main frame 1. The driving member 4 is used to drive the winch 5 to rotate. The driving member 4 is preferably a servo motor. A plurality of traction lines 51 are wound in the winch 5. Each traction line 51 is connected to a side support plate 2. Taking one of the traction lines 51 as an example, when the winch 5 rotates, the traction line 51 will be continuously wound in the winch 5 or continuously released from the winch 5. For example, the traction line 51 is wound when the winch 5 rotates forward, and the traction line 51 is released when it rotates reversely. Then, when the winch 5 rotates forward, the traction line 51 will pull the side support plate 2 inward to gradually close the vent 11. When the winch 5 rotates reversely, the tension of the traction line 51 is released. Under the action of the tension of the spring hinge 3, the side support plate 2 is pushed outward to gradually open the vent 11. Continue to read Figures 1 to 4 Temperature sensors 6 are provided both inside and outside the main frame 1. The temperature sensor 6 located inside the main frame 1 is used to detect the temperature inside the main frame 1, and the temperature sensor 6 located outside the main frame 1 is used to detect the temperature outside the main frame 1. When in use, the present invention can control the drive member 4 based on the data from the temperature sensors 6 inside and outside the main frame 1, so that the side support plate 2 can close or open the vent 11. Therefore, the present invention combines rapid response, high control accuracy, and low energy consumption, greatly improving the weather resistance and reliability of the device, and at the same time being able to cope with unattended working environments in the field and outdoors.

[0053] As a supplemental note, the heights of the temperature sensors 6 inside and outside the main frame 1 can be adjusted based on the different heights of crop canopies and the different vegetation types in the natural ecosystem, allowing for more targeted and accurate simulation of temperatures at different locations within the main frame 1. In one specific embodiment, four temperature sensors 6 are provided inside the main frame 1, and two temperature sensors 6 are provided outside the main frame 1.

[0054] In the open-top chamber for simulating daytime warming of farmland provided in the embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The main frame 1 includes a plurality of columns 12, and adjacent columns 12 are connected by top supports 14 and bottom supports 15. Ventilation holes 11 are formed between adjacent columns 12, or windows 13 are provided between adjacent columns 12. As a supplementary explanation, the windows 13 are made of transparent acrylic.

[0055] Furthermore, the vents 11 are evenly arranged around the sidewalls of the main frame 1, so that when the vents 11 are open, air convection can be achieved in different wind directions. In a specific embodiment, the main frame 1 is an octagonal column, and each sidewall of the octagonal column is provided with a window 13 or a vent 11. Preferably, there is a window 13 between every two vents 11, and similarly, there is a vent 11 between every two windows 13.

[0056] In the open-top chamber for simulating daytime warming of farmland provided in the embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A fixing column 12.1 is provided at the bottom of each column 12, and the fixing column 12.1 is used to be inserted into the soil for fixing so as to place the main frame 1 in the field.

[0057] In the open-top chamber for simulating daytime warming of farmland provided in the embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The top of the main frame 1 is also provided with a closing frame 7, which gradually closes from bottom to top but is not closed, that is, the side walls of the closing frame 7 are inclined inward. Furthermore, the closing frame 7 includes a plurality of inclined closing support rods 71, and closing side support plates 72 are provided between adjacent closing support rods 71.

[0058] In the open-top chamber for simulating daytime warming of farmland provided in the embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A support truss 8 is further provided inside the main frame 1, and the driving member 4 and the winch 5 are provided on the support truss 8. Furthermore, the support truss 8 includes a plurality of support rods 81, one end of all the support rods 81 are connected, and the other end is connected to the side wall of the main frame 1. The driving member 4 and the winch 5 are located at the connection point of all the support rods 81. Preferably, the connection point of all the support rods 81 is located on the central axis of the main frame 1, so as to ensure that the distance from the traction line 51 to each side branch plate 2 is the same, and to ensure the synchronous movement between all the side branch plates 2.

[0059] The present invention also provides an open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , including an open-top chamber for simulating daytime warming of farmland, and also including a photovoltaic power supply unit 9 and a main control unit 10 arranged on the side wall of the main frame 1. The main control unit 10 is used to receive data from the sensor and control the drive 4, and the photovoltaic power supply unit 9 is used to power the drive 4, the main control unit 10 and the temperature sensor 6. The photovoltaic power supply unit 9 can be a solar power panel that can convert solar energy into 12VDC. It does not require external power input to the system and can be widely used in farmland without basic power supply facilities and natural ecosystems in the wild. The main control unit 10 can be a single-chip microcomputer or a PLC. The main control unit 10 is preset with a control program to control the rotation of the drive 4.

[0060] A method for using the open-top chamber system according to claim 9, comprising the following steps:

[0061] Step 1) The temperature sensors 6 located inside and outside the main frame 1 detect the current ambient temperature and transmit the data to the main control unit 10;

[0062] Step 2) The main control unit 10 calculates the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the main frame 1 and then controls the driving member 4 to rotate the winch 5 so that the traction line 51 pulls or loosens the side support plate 2;

[0063] Step 3) Repeat steps 1) and 2) at a certain interval.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] In this embodiment, refer to Figures 1 to 4 The main frame 1 is an octagonal column. A total of four vents 11 and four windows 13 are provided on the eight side walls of the main frame 1. The vents 11 and windows 13 are spaced apart. The main frame 1 is also provided with four side support plates 2, which are used to close or open the corresponding vents 11. Each side support plate 2 is connected to a traction line 51. A portion of each traction line 51 has been pre-wound around the winch 5. Four temperature sensors 6 are provided inside the main frame 1, and two temperature sensors 6 are provided outside the main frame 1. In this embodiment, when the winch 5 rotates forward, the traction line 51 is tightened inward and pulls the side support plates 2 to gradually close the vents 11. When the winch 5 rotates backward, the traction line 51 is pushed outward, and the tension of the spring hinge 3 pushes the side support plates 2 to gradually open the vents 11. It is worth noting that the four side support plates 2 open and close at the same time, with the same opening and closing angles, and the four vents 11 can be aligned with the four directions of east, south, west and north respectively, so that air convection inside the main frame 1 can be achieved regardless of the wind direction.

[0066] In this embodiment, the temperature inside the main frame 1 (OTC temperature) needs to be controlled to be 2°C higher than the temperature outside the main frame 1 (ambient temperature). For example: when the ambient temperature is 22°C, the OTC temperature must be controlled at 24°C. When the ambient temperature rises to 25°C, the OTC temperature must be controlled at 27°C. When the ambient temperature drops to 23°C, the OTC temperature must be controlled at 25°C. That is, the OTC temperature must change with the change of the ambient temperature and is always controlled at ΔT of 2±0.2°C, where ΔT is the difference between the OTC temperature and the ambient temperature, and 0.2°C is the error value.

[0067] First, the current OTC temperature and ambient temperature are detected by the temperature sensors 6 inside and outside the main frame 1. If the OTC temperature is greater than the ambient temperature, the control unit controls the driving part 4 to rotate forward, so that the traction line 51 is tightened inward and the side support plate 2 is pulled to gradually close the vent 11 until ΔT meets 2±0.2°C; if the OTC temperature is lower than the ambient temperature, the control unit controls the driving part 4 to rotate backward, so that the traction line 51 is pushed outward, and the tension of the spring hinge 3 pushes the side support plate 2 to gradually open the vent 11 until ΔT meets 2±0.2°C; then the temperature control mode is entered.

[0068] In the temperature control mode, the temperature sensors 6 inside and outside the main frame 1 detect the OTC temperature and ambient temperature respectively with a time step of 1 minute. If ΔT does not meet the range of 2±0.2℃, the control unit will control the driving part 4 to control the temperature.

[0069] For example: at a certain moment, ΔT is 2.5°C, then the OTC temperature needs to be lowered, and the control unit controls the driving member 4 to rotate counterclockwise, so that the traction line 51 is pushed outward, and the tension of the spring hinge 3 pushes the side branch plate 2 to gradually open the vent 11, so that the opening angle between the side branch plate 2 and the vent 11 is 45°. For another example, at a certain moment, ΔT is 1.6°C, then the OTC temperature needs to be increased, and the control unit controls the driving member 4 to rotate forward, so that the traction line 51 is tightened inward, and the traction line 51 pulls the side branch plate 2 to gradually close the vent 11, so that the opening angle between the side branch plate 2 and the vent 11 is 5°.

[0070] At the next moment, if ΔT meets 2±0.2°C, the control unit will not control the driving member 4 to perform any operation, and will only need to maintain the current opening and closing angle of the side support plate 2. However, if ΔT does not meet 2±0.2°C, the control unit will continue to control the driving member 4 to rotate forward or reverse so that ΔT can be maintained within the range of 2±0.2°C.

[0071] Based on this, the open-top chamber system provided by the present invention can achieve precise temperature control in short steps through the control unit, thereby reducing energy consumption while improving the accuracy of ambient temperature simulation.

[0072] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An open-top chamber for simulating daytime warming of farmland, characterized by: The invention comprises a main frame (1), wherein the main frame (1) is hollow and its top is not closed, a plurality of vents (11) are provided in the side wall of the main frame (1), each vent (11) can be closed by a side support plate (2), and each side support plate (2) is connected to the main frame (1) via a spring hinge (3); A driving member (4) and a winch (5) are provided on the top of the main frame (1), wherein the driving member (4) is used to drive the winch (5) to rotate, and a plurality of traction lines (51) are wound around the winch (5), and each traction line (51) is connected to a side support plate (2); Temperature sensors (6) are provided inside and outside the main frame (1).

2. The open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main frame (1) comprises a plurality of columns (12), adjacent columns (12) are connected via top supports (14) and bottom supports (15), and vents (11) are formed between adjacent columns (12) or windows (13) are provided between adjacent columns (12).

3. The open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fixing column (12.1) is provided at the bottom of each column (12).

4. The open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation openings (11) are evenly arranged around the side walls of the main frame (1).

5. The open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The top of the main frame (1) is also provided with a closing frame (7), and the closing frame (7) gradually closes from bottom to top but is not closed.

6. The open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland according to claim 5, characterized in that: The closing frame (7) comprises a plurality of closing support rods (71) arranged obliquely, and closing side support plates (72) are provided between adjacent closing support rods (71).

7. The open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: A supporting truss (8) is further provided inside the main frame (1), and the driving member (4) and the winch (5) are provided on the supporting truss (8).

8. The open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support truss (8) comprises a plurality of support rods (81), one end of all the support rods (81) are connected to each other, and the other end is connected to the side wall of the main frame (1); the driving member (4) and the winch (5) are located at the connection point of all the support rods (81).

9. An open-top chamber system for simulating daytime warming of farmland, comprising the open-top chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The invention also includes a photovoltaic power supply unit (9) and a main control unit (10) arranged on the side wall of the main frame 1, wherein the main control unit (10) is used to receive data from the sensor and control the driving member (4), the photovoltaic power supply unit (9) is used to supply power to the driving member (4), the main control unit (10) and the temperature sensor (6), and the main control unit (10) is used to control the driving member (4).

10. A method for using the open-top chamber system according to claim 9, comprising the following steps: Step 1) Temperature sensors (6) located inside and outside the main frame (1) respectively detect the current temperatures inside and outside the main frame (1) and transmit the data to the main control unit (10); Step 2) The main control unit (10) calculates the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the main frame (1), and controls the driving member (4) to rotate the winch (5) according to the difference between the inside and outside temperature difference and a preset temperature value, so that the vent (11) is closed or opened; Step 3) Repeat steps 1) and 2) at intervals.

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