Synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat crop rotation synergetic soil improvement

Abstract

The invention discloses a synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat crop rotation synergistic soil improvement, and relates to the technical field of crop planting, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out soil preparation treatment on three test fields in the first ten days of June in the current year, and then dividing areas in the three test fields to respectively sow six green manure crops; s2, in the first ten days of September, the upper portion of the green manure is cut up and evenly spread on the spot, and then green manure stubbles are turned and pressed through a small machine; s3, applying a ternary compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer on October 20th in the same year, and sowing wheat after 3 days; and S4, harvesting the wheat by adopting a harvester in the next year, and performing threshing and warehousing operation. The method has the advantages that the soil fertility is improved by turning and pressing green manure, the saline-alkali soil structure is effectively improved, the yield and quality of winter wheat are effectively improved, and environment friendliness is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement. Background Art

[0002] Traditional winter wheat cultivation relies on large amounts of chemical fertilizers to boost crop yields. While this practice may offer some short-term economic benefits, it also carries a host of negative long-term consequences. First, excessive use of chemical fertilizers can significantly degrade soil quality. This reduces soil organic matter and microbial diversity, impacting soil fertility and structural stability. Second, the quality of agricultural products can be compromised. Harmful substances in chemical fertilizers can remain in crops, impacting their safety and nutritional value. Finally, environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious. Components such as nitrogen and phosphorus in chemical fertilizers can run off into rivers and lakes with rainwater, leading to eutrophication and causing ecological problems such as algal blooms.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a farming method that can replace traditional chemical fertilizers, increase crop yields, and optimize soil quality. Crop rotation, the practice of rotating different crops on the same land, aims to disrupt the life cycle of pests and diseases and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides. Green manure compaction through crop rotation not only significantly increases winter wheat yields but also improves agricultural product quality, reduces environmental pollution, and promotes sustainable agricultural development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement to solve the technical problems of strong dependence on chemical fertilizers, deterioration of soil quality, damage to agricultural product quality and environmental pollution in the existing winter wheat planting process.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement, comprising the following steps: S1: In early June of the same year, the three experimental fields were prepared and six green manure crops were sown in designated areas of the three experimental fields. S2: In early September, chop the aboveground part of the green manure and spread it evenly on the spot, then use a small machine to turn over the root part of the green manure; S3: On October 20 of the same year, a triple compound fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer, and wheat was sown 3 days later; S4: Next year, we will use harvesters to harvest wheat and thresh and store it.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S1, the six types of green manures sown are sesbania, sorghum, alfalfa, Mexican corn grass, pennisetum and benguet root.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the sowing amounts of the six green manures are specifically as follows: 70 kg·hm⁻² of sesbania, 50 kg·hm⁻² of sorghum, 50 kg·hm⁻² of alfalfa, 75 kg·hm⁻² of Mexican corn grass, 60 kg·hm⁻² of pennisetum, and 130 kg·hm⁻² of bermudagrass.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S1, the green manure is sown in rows, and the sowing depth is controlled at 3 to 5 cm.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, a mower or a straw returner is used to chop the aboveground part of the green manure, and then a rotary tiller is used to crush and mix the crushed straw with the 0-20 cm tillage layer soil and the root stubble.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S3, the amount of ternary compound fertilizer used is 750 kg·hm⁻².

[0011] Furthermore, in step S3, the wheat seed rate per mu is 12.5 kg.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S3, the wheat planting row spacing is set to 15 cm.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1 , during the growth period of green manure, weed control and fertilizer and water management are ensured to be consistent.

[0014] It can be seen from the above technical solution that the advantages of the present invention are: 1. The present invention reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and lowers agricultural production costs.

[0015] 2. The present invention realizes the organic circulation of nutrients by turning over and returning green manure to the fields, thereby improving soil fertility and avoiding potential harm of chemical fertilizers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram illustrating the steps of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the effect of turning green manure on winter wheat yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

[0020] Refer to Figures 1 to 2 , as Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides an efficient planting method for spring green manure - winter wheat rotation to synergistically improve soil, including the following steps: S1: In the first ten days of June of the current year, land preparation is carried out on 3 experimental fields, and then 6 green manure crops are sown in different areas of the 3 experimental fields; S2: In the first ten days of September, the above-ground part of the green manure is chopped and evenly spread on the spot, and then the stubble part of the green manure is turned and pressed with a small machine; S3: On October 20 of the current year, apply ternary compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and sow wheat 3 days later; S4: In the coming year, harvest the wheat with a harvester and perform threshing and warehousing operations.

[0021] In this application, in order to more accurately grasp the basic conditions of the soil in the experimental fields, so as to provide a solid basis for subsequent scientific planting and soil improvement, a rigorous and detailed soil sampling and analysis process is required before land preparation. Sampling points are arranged in a "pin" shape for each experimental field, and mixed soil samples with a depth of 0 - 20 cm are collected respectively. The collected soil samples are placed in a well-ventilated place and waited to air dry naturally to remove the excess moisture in the soil and avoid the interference of moisture on the subsequent analysis results. Then, they are transferred indoors for analysis of various soil indexes. Analyze the contents of pH value, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, EC value, organic matter, etc. of each soil sample through professional and accurate detection means.

[0022] Specifically, the soil pH is measured with a pH meter (the soil - water ratio is controlled at 1:2.5), and the EC is measured with a conductivity meter (the soil - water ratio is controlled at 1:5), ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results. The available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil are measured with a soil nutrient rapid tester, which has the advantages of simple operation, rapid detection and accurate results. Record each data in time after the measurement to provide strong support for subsequent analysis of the soil fertility status and formulation of a reasonable fertilization plan.

[0023] In step S1, the 3 experimental fields are specifically Field No. 1, Field No. 2 and Field No. 4. These 3 experimental fields are located in the Daixi Rocket Launching Salt Field, Daishan County, Zhoushan City. This abandoned salt field was formed by centralized reclamation of cultivated land. The experimental fields are distinguished according to different salinity gradients. The basic soil properties of 0 - 30 cm are shown in Table 1. Through in - depth research on them, the effect of spring green manure - winter wheat rotation on soil improvement under soil conditions with different salinity gradients can be understood more comprehensively.

[0024] Table 1

[0025] In step S1 , the six types of green manures sown are sesbania, sorghum, alfalfa, Mexican corn grass, pennisetum and benguet root.

[0026] Specifically, in step S1, the sowing amounts of the six green manures are: 70 kg·hm⁻² of sesbania, 50 kg·hm⁻² of sorghum, 50 kg·hm⁻² of alfalfa, 75 kg·hm⁻² of Mexican corn grass, 60 kg·hm⁻² of pennisetum, and 130 kg·hm⁻² of bermudagrass.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S1, green manure is sown in rows, and the sowing depth is controlled at 3 to 5 cm. Row sowing can make the green manure seeds distributed in regular strips in the field, which is not only convenient for subsequent field management, such as weeding, fertilizing and irrigation, but also ensures the reasonable allocation of growth space for green manure plants, so that each green manure plant can fully receive light, absorb nutrients and water, thereby promoting the healthy growth of green manure and providing sufficient and high-quality green manure resources for subsequent soil improvement.

[0028] Furthermore, in step S2, the aboveground portion of the green manure is first shredded using a mower or straw returner. This shredded green manure straw is easier to decompose and incorporate into the soil. Subsequently, a rotary tiller is used to pulverize and mix the shredded straw with the 0-20 cm topsoil and stubble. This accelerates the decomposition process of the green manure, allowing the soil to absorb its nutrients more quickly and creating favorable soil conditions for subsequent winter wheat planting.

[0029] The data on the effects of turning over different green manures on the 0-20 cm soil layer on the physical and chemical properties of the soil are shown in Tables 2, 3 and 4, respectively (Plot 1), 3 and 4), where the idle area represents the control group.

[0030] Table 2

[0031] Table 3

[0032] Table 4

[0033] Referring to Tables 2, 3, and 4, all six green manure varieties reduced soil pH after ploughing. The soil pH in Plot 1, Plot 2, and Plot 4 decreased by 0.02-0.14, 0.04-0.17, and 0.04-0.19, respectively. Compared with the control group, the soil pH of all green manure varieties in Plot 1 did not decrease significantly after ploughing. However, the soil pH of sorghum, sesbania, Mexican corn grass, and Pennisetum decreased significantly after ploughing in Plot 2. Furthermore, the soil pH of sorghum, sesbania, Mexican corn grass, Cynoglossum, and Pennisetum decreased significantly after ploughing in Plot 4. Consequently, sorghum and sesbania had the greatest effect on reducing soil pH, with decreases of 0.14 and 0.13, respectively, in Plot 1, 0.17 and 0.17, respectively, in Plot 2, and 0.19 and 0.18, respectively, in Plot 4.

[0034] As shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4, all six green manure varieties reduced soil EC after plowing. The soil EC decreased by 0.024–0.083 μg·cm⁻¹ in Plot 1, 0.018–0.080 μg·cm⁻¹ in Plot 2, and 0.009–0.054 μg·cm⁻¹ in Plot 4, respectively. Compared with the control group, the soil EC did not decrease significantly after plowing for all green manure varieties in Plot 1. However, the soil EC decreased significantly after plowing for sorghum and sesbania in Plot 2. However, the soil EC did not decrease significantly after plowing for all green manure varieties in Plot 4. Among them, sorghum and sesbania had the greatest effect on reducing soil EC, with decreases of 0.083 μg·cm⁻¹ and 0.082 μg·cm⁻¹ in Plot 1, 0.080 μg·cm⁻¹ and 0.079 μg·cm⁻¹ in Plot 2, and 0.054 μg·cm⁻¹ and 0.053 μg·cm⁻¹ in Plot 4, respectively. It can be concluded that among soils with different salinities, green manure reduces EC in high-salinity soil more than in low-salinity soil.

[0035] As shown in Tables 2, 3 and 4, the six green manure varieties could increase the soil available nitrogen content after plowing. The soil available nitrogen in plots 1, 2 and 4 increased by 1.64-6.93 mg·kg-1, 1.08-8.7 mg·kg-1 and 1.96-11.09 mg·kg-1, respectively. Compared with the control group, all green manure varieties in Plot 1 increased soil available nitrogen significantly after plowing. In Plot 2, sorghum, sesbania, benguet, pennisetum, and Mexican corn grass increased soil available nitrogen significantly after plowing. In Plot 4, all green manure varieties increased soil available nitrogen significantly after plowing. Among them, sorghum and sesbania had the best effects on increasing soil available nitrogen, increasing by 6.93 mg·kg-1 and 6.17 mg·kg-1, respectively, in Plot 1, 8.7 mg·kg-1 and 7.65 mg·kg-1, respectively, in Plot 2, and 11.09 mg·kg-1 and 8.86 mg·kg-1, respectively, in Plot 4. It can be concluded that among soils with different salinities, green manure increases available nitrogen in high-salinity soils to a lesser extent than in low-salinity soils.

[0036] Referring to Tables 2, 3 and 4, the six green manure varieties can increase the soil available phosphorus content after turning over. The soil available phosphorus in plots 1, 2 and 4 increased by 0.20-2.12 mg·kg-1, 0.69-2.94 mg·kg-1 and 0.91-6.21 mg·kg-1, respectively. Compared with the control group, soil available phosphorus increased significantly after tumbling of sesbania and sorghum in Plot 1, significantly increased after tumbling of sesbania, sorghum, benguet root, and Mexican corn grass in Plot 2, and significantly increased after tumbling of sesbania, sorghum, Mexican corn grass, benguet root, and pennisetum in Plot 4. Sesbania and sorghum had the best effects on increasing soil available phosphorus, increasing by 2.12 mg·kg-1 and 1.54 mg·kg-1, respectively, in Plot 1, by 2.94 mg·kg-1 and 2.32 mg·kg-1, respectively, in Plot 2, and by 6.21 mg·kg-1 and 3.48 mg·kg-1, respectively, in Plot 4. It can be concluded that among soils of different salinity, green manure increases available phosphorus in high-salinity soils to a lesser extent than in low-salinity soils.

[0037] As shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4, all six green manure varieties increased soil available potassium content after ploughing. The soil available potassium content in Plot 1, Plot 2, and Plot 4 increased by 1.5-20.9 mg·kg-1, 4.9-22.1 mg·kg-1, and 7.7-31.0 mg·kg-1, respectively. Compared with the control group, the soil available potassium content in Plots 1 and 2 did not increase significantly after ploughing for all green manure varieties. However, in Plot 4, soil available potassium content increased significantly after ploughing for sorghum, Mexican corn grass, and sesbania. Sorghum and sesbania had the greatest effects on increasing soil available potassium, increasing by 20.9 mg·kg-1 and 16.1 mg·kg-1, respectively, in Plot 1, 22.1 mg·kg-1 and 18.0 mg·kg-1, respectively, in Plot 2, and 31.0 mg·kg-1 and 29.7 mg·kg-1, respectively, in Plot 4. It can be concluded that among soils with different salinities, green manure increases the available potassium in high-salinity soil to a lesser extent than in low-salinity soil.

[0038] As shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4, all six green manure varieties increased soil organic matter content after tillage. In Plot 1, Plot 2, and Plot 4, soil organic matter content increased by 0.13–0.45 g·kg⁻¹, 0.40–0.86 g·kg⁻¹, and 0.54–1.11 g·kg⁻¹, respectively. Compared with the control group, soil organic matter content did not increase significantly after tillage for all six green manure varieties in Plots 1, 2, and 4. Among them, sorghum and sesbania had relatively significant effects on increasing soil organic matter, with increases of 0.45 g·kg⁻¹ and 0.43 g·kg⁻¹, respectively, in Plot 1, 0.86 g·kg⁻¹ and 0.85 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively, in Plot 2, and 1.11 g·kg⁻¹ and 1.04 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively, in Plot 4.

[0039] On July 25 and September 5, mixed soil samples from the topsoil layer of 5 to 15 cm were collected from six green manure varieties in Plot 1, Plot 2, and Plot 4 using the cross method. The soil moisture content, pH value, and EC value were measured respectively. The results of the measurements are shown in Table 5.

[0040] Table 5

[0041] As shown in Table 5, compared with the control group, soil temperature decreased during the different green manure growth periods. In Plot 1, the green manure crops with the most significant cooling effect were sesbania and sorghum. In Plot 2, these crops had the most significant cooling effect in the early growth phase, while those with sesbania, sorghum, and Mexican corn grass had the most significant cooling effect in the late growth phase. In Plot 4, these crops had the most significant cooling effect in the early growth phase, while those with sesbania, sorghum, and Mexican corn grass had the most significant cooling effect in the middle and late growth phases. This indicates that, across soils of varying salinity, the cooling effect of all green manure varieties decreased with increasing soil salinity, which is likely related to the decrease in crop biomass due to increased soil salinity.

[0042] The aboveground biomass of Plots 1, 2, and 4 during the green manure turning period is shown in Table 6.

[0043] Table 6

[0044] Table 6 shows that the aboveground biomass of the six green manure species on Plot 1 during the mulching period ranged from 4594 to 26726 kg·hm-2. The order of aboveground biomass during the mulching period was, from highest to lowest, sorghum, sesbania, benjoy root, pennisetum, Mexican corn grass, and alfalfa. Among them, sorghum and sesbania had the highest mulching biomass, and their mulching biomass was significantly higher than that of the other four green manure species. The aboveground biomass of the six green manure species on Plot 2 during the mulching period ranged from 9839 to 39202 kg·hm-2. The order of aboveground biomass during the mulching period was, from highest to lowest, sorghum, sesbania, Mexican corn grass, benjoy root, pennisetum, and alfalfa. Sorghum and sesbania had the highest mulching biomass, and their mulching biomass was significantly higher than that of the other four green manure species. The aboveground biomass of the six green manure species on Plot 4 during the mulching period ranged from 13,156 to 47,730 kg·hm-2. The order of aboveground biomass during the mulching period was, from highest to lowest, sorghum, sesbania, tamarind, pennisetum, and alfalfa. Sorghum and sesbania had the highest mulching biomass, and their mulching biomass was significantly higher than that of the other four green manure species. Therefore, a comparison of the same green manure species in soils with varying salinity revealed that sorghum, sesbania, and benign prostratum had the best salt tolerance, tamarind was moderately salt tolerant, and setaria and alfalfa had the poorest salt tolerance.

[0045] The results of these experiments demonstrate that planting spring green manures in saline-alkali soils can effectively reduce soil temperature and pH. Of the six green manures introduced in the experiment, sesbania and sorghum have the best salt-alkali tolerance and high biomass, making them suitable for cultivation in severely saline-alkali soils. Mexican corn grass has moderate salt-alkali tolerance and high biomass, making it suitable for cultivation in moderately to moderately saline-alkali soils.

[0046] Specifically, in step S3, the amount of ternary compound fertilizer used is controlled at around 750 kg·hm⁻², providing sufficient nutrient support for the vigorous growth of winter wheat seedlings without causing fertilizer waste and soil pollution due to excessive fertilization, thus achieving the dual goals of efficient nutrient utilization and environmental protection.

[0047] Furthermore, in step S3, the wheat seed rate per mu is 12.5 kg, which is determined after comprehensively considering multiple factors such as wheat variety characteristics, soil fertility, and local climatic conditions.

[0048] More specifically, in step S3, the wheat planting row spacing is set to 15 cm. Reasonable row spacing is crucial for wheat growth. A 15 cm row spacing ensures even distribution of wheat plants, creating good ventilation and light transmission in the field. This helps the wheat leaves receive sufficient sunlight, allowing them to photosynthesize and produce more organic matter. Furthermore, an appropriate row spacing facilitates field mechanization, improving production efficiency and reducing labor costs.

[0049] In step S1, during the green manure growth period, strict weed control and consistent fertilizer and water management are ensured. Weed control effectively prevents weeds from competing with green manure for nutrients, water, and light, ensuring that green manure has sufficient access to the resources it needs for growth, leading to stronger growth and providing more high-quality organic matter for subsequent soil improvement. Consistent fertilizer and water management, on the other hand, precisely supplies nutrients and water according to the needs of green manure at different growth stages, promoting balanced growth, improving its yield and quality, and further enhancing its effect on improving saline-alkali soils.

[0050] Furthermore, wheat was harvested after maturity, and wheat yield, gluten content, quality, and other quality traits were measured in each experimental plot. Wheat gluten was measured using the wet gluten method, and wheat quality grade standards were based on national standard GB1351-2008.

[0051] The effects of different green manure treatments on wheat yield and quality are shown in Table 7. Table 7

[0052] In this application, as shown in Table 7 and Figure 1As shown, the six green manure varieties planted and plowed in Plot 1 all increased winter wheat yield. The order of greatest yield increase was sorghum, sesbania, benjolfsson, pennisetum, Mexican corn grass, and alfalfa. Compared with the control group, winter wheat yield increased by 361 kg·hm-2, 331 kg·hm-2, 274 kg·hm-2, 226 kg·hm-2, 178 kg·hm-2, and 34 kg·hm-2, respectively, representing yield increases of 11.7%, 10.8%, 8.9%, 7.3%, 5.8%, and 1.1%, respectively. The yields of four green manure varieties planted and plowed—sorghum, sesbania, benjolfsson, and pennisetum—were significantly higher than those in the control group. However, the yields of two green manure varieties planted and plowed—Mexican corn grass and alfalfa—did not reach significant levels compared to the control group.

[0053] As shown in Table 7 and Figure 1 As shown, the six green manure varieties planted and plowed in Plot 2 all increased winter wheat yield. The order of greatest yield increase was sorghum, sesbania, Mexican corn grass, benguet, pennisetum, and alfalfa. Compared with the control group, winter wheat yield increased by 369 kg·hm-2, 341 kg·hm-2, 274 kg·hm-2, 182 kg·hm-2, 149 kg·hm-2, and 52 kg·hm-2, respectively, representing yield increases of 10.1%, 9.3%, 7.5%, 5.0%, 4.1%, and 1.4%, respectively. The yields of three green manure varieties planted and plowed in the treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group. However, the yields of three green manure varieties planted and plowed in the treatment did not reach significant levels compared to the control group.

[0054] From Table 7 and Figure 1 As shown, all six green manure varieties planted and plowed on Plot 4 increased winter wheat yield. The order of greatest yield increase was sorghum, sesbania, Mexican corn grass, benjoy root, pennisetum, and alfalfa. Compared with the control group, winter wheat yield increased by 573 kg·hm-2, 507 kg·hm-2, 488 kg·hm-2, 332 kg·hm-2, 280 kg·hm-2, and 168 kg·hm-2, respectively, representing yield increases of 12.9%, 11.4%, 11.0%, 7.5%, 6.3%, and 3.8%, respectively. Among them, the yields of five green manure varieties planted and plowed (sorghum, sesbania, Mexican corn grass, benjoy root, and pennisetum) were significantly higher than those of the control group. The yield of alfalfa planted and plowed (alfalfa) did not reach a significant level compared to the control group.

[0055] Specifically, as shown in Table 7 and Figure 1As shown in the data, the gluten content of winter wheat was moderately increased after the six green manure varieties were planted and plowed, with increases of 0.0-0.3% in Plot 1, 0.1-0.4% in Plot 2, and 0.3-0.7% in Plot 4. Variance analysis showed that the gluten content of winter wheat after the green manure varieties were planted and plowed did not reach a significant level. The wheat quality grade of Plots 1, 2, and 4 was all third-class.

[0056] From the above records, it can be seen that compared with the control group, the soil pH of the green manure rotation treatment before sowing winter wheat in Field 1 decreased by 0.02-0.14, the EC value decreased by 0.024-0.083 us·cm-1, and the available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter increased by 1.64-6.93 mg·kg-1, 0.20-2.12 mg·kg-1, 1.5-20.9 mg·kg-1, and 0.13-0.45 g·kg-1, respectively. The soil pH of the green manure rotation treatment before sowing winter wheat in Field 2 decreased by 0.04-0.17, the EC value decreased by 0.018-0.080 us·cm-1, and the available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter increased by 1.08-8.7 mg·kg-1, 0.69-2.94 mg·kg-1, 4.9-22.1 mg·kg-1, and 0.40-0.86 g·kg-1. The soil pH and EC values ​​of the soil in Plot 4 decreased by 0.04-0.19 and 0.009-0.054 μg·cm-1, respectively, when green manure was applied before winter wheat sowing. The available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter increased by 1.96-11.09 mg·kg-1, 0.91-6.21 mg·kg-1, 7.7-31.0 mg·kg-1, and 0.54-1.11 g·kg-1, respectively. This indicates that applying green manure can effectively increase soil nutrient content and fertilize saline-alkali soil.

[0057] As shown in Table 7 and Figure 1As shown, compared with the control group, winter wheat yields increased by 361 kg·hm-2 and 331 kg·hm-2, respectively, after rotation and ploughing of sedgegrass and sesbania with green manure on Plot 1, representing yield increases of 11.7% and 10.8%, respectively. Winter wheat yields increased by 369 kg·hm-2 and 341 kg·hm-2, respectively, after rotation and ploughing of sedgegrass and sesbania with green manure on Plot 2, representing yield increases of 10.1% and 9.3%, respectively, compared with the control group. Winter wheat yields increased by 573 kg·hm-2 and 507 kg·hm-2, respectively, after rotation and ploughing of sedgegrass and sesbania with green manure on Plot 4, representing yield increases of 12.9% and 11.4%, respectively, compared with the control group. These results demonstrate that, under the conditions of this experiment, a spring green manure rotation with winter wheat can effectively increase winter wheat yield. Compared with the control group, all green manure rotations and tillages in Plots 1, 2, and 4 failed to significantly increase the gluten content and quality grade of winter wheat, indicating that planting only one season of green manure cannot significantly improve wheat quality.

[0058] It can be clearly seen from the detailed records above that under the specific conditions set in this experiment, the treatment method of turning over the green manure crops sorghum and sesbania and rotating them with winter wheat achieved the most ideal results. This innovative planting model has significant advantages and greatly reduces the use of chemical fertilizers. The planting method provided by the present invention cleverly utilizes the link of turning over and returning green manure to the field, returning the nutrients absorbed by green manure crops during growth to the soil, and realizing an organic combination of planting and breeding.

[0059] This planting method cleverly utilizes the nutrient cycle of green manure crops by turning over and returning the green manure to the fields, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, lowering agricultural production costs, and avoiding the potential harm that chemical fertilizers may cause. Secondly, the nutrients after the green manure is turned over and returned to the fields are slowly released back into the soil in the form of organic matter, providing continuous and balanced nutritional support for the growth of winter wheat. This not only improves the planting environment of saline-alkali soil, making the soil more fertile and loose, which is conducive to the growth and development of winter wheat roots, but also improves the stress resistance of winter wheat, reduces the occurrence of diseases and pests, and thus improves the yield and quality of winter wheat.

[0060] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: In early June of the same year, the three experimental fields were prepared and six green manure crops were sown in designated areas of the three experimental fields. S2: In early September, chop the aboveground part of the green manure and spread it evenly on the spot, then use a small machine to turn over the root part of the green manure; S3: On October 20 of the same year, a triple compound fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer, and wheat was sown 3 days later; S4: Next year, we will use harvesters to harvest wheat and thresh and store it.

2. The synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1 , the six types of green manures sown are sesbania, sorghum, alfalfa, Mexican corn grass, pennisetum and benguet root.

3. The synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the sowing rates of the six green manures are as follows: 70 kg·hm⁻² of sesbania, 50 kg·hm⁻² of sorghum, 50 kg·hm⁻² of alfalfa, 75 kg·hm⁻² of Mexican corn grass, 60 kg·hm⁻² of pennisetum, and 130 kg·hm⁻² of bermudagrass.

4. The synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, green manure is sown in rows, and the sowing depth is controlled at 3 to 5 cm.

5. The synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a mower or a straw returner is used to chop the aboveground part of the green manure, and then a rotary tiller is used to crush and mix the pulverized straw with the 0-20 cm tillage layer soil and the root stubble.

6. The synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the amount of ternary compound fertilizer used is 750 kg·hm⁻².

7. The synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the wheat seed rate per mu is 12.5 kg.

8. The synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, the wheat planting row spacing is set to 15 cm.

9. The synergistic planting method for spring green manure-winter wheat rotation and soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, during the growth period of green manure, weed control and fertilizer and water management are ensured to be consistent.

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