Separation device for micro-plastics in marine sediments

Abstract

The invention discloses a separation device for micro-plastics in marine sediments, and belongs to the technical field of marine sediment separation. Comprising a base disc, a servo motor, a first gear disc, a circular ring guide rail frame and a separation tank, a gear circular ring is movably installed on the upper surface of the circular ring guide rail frame, the outer side of the bottom of the separation tank is integrally sleeved with the gear circular ring, and the side edge of the gear circular ring is meshed with the first gear disc. The problem of micro-plastic optical detection distortion under sediment turbidity interference is solved, a servo motor drives a gear ring to drive a magnetic attraction detection mechanism to rotate and scan along the outer wall of a separation tank, synchronous displacement of an inner wall adsorption type anti-shielding mechanism is matched, real-time purification of a detection light path area is achieved, and different from a traditional fixed sensor, the detection precision is high. A rotary scanning mode breaks through a local detection blind area, coverage type monitoring is formed under 180-degree symmetrical layout, and the multi-point continuous sampling precision of the pH value and the density gradient of the digestion solution is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine sediment separation, and more particularly to a device for separating microplastics in marine sediments. Background Art

[0002] In the existing technology, the marine sediment microplastic separation device mainly achieves solid-liquid separation through physical screening and density difference method, and adopts a multi-stage separation cylinder structure. Its core process is that the sediment is initially filtered by the cyclone in the conical cavity of the first separation cylinder, and then enters the second separation cylinder through the filter screen, and then the microplastics are intercepted by the filter screen, and finally graded screening is achieved. Although this type of device can improve the separation speed, it relies on the multi-stage filtration structure and has limited adaptability to the physical properties of microplastics, such as density and size. In addition, in silty sandy sediments with a high content of organic impurities, problems such as filter clogging or residues adsorbed on the surface of microplastics are prone to occur.

[0003] Therefore, for complex sediment matrices, the existing technology further adopts the "digestion-flotation combination method" to optimize the separation effect. Organic interferences are removed by density liquid flotation combined with chemical digestion. After mixing the sediment sample with the digestion solution, density gradient flotation is used to separate microplastics. However, this method requires precise control of the digestion intensity. Insufficient digestion will cause organic residues to wrap microplastics, and excessive digestion may destroy the surface structure of microplastics and affect subsequent component identification. Therefore, the existing technology will monitor the pH of the digestion solution in real time through sensors to control the reaction process.

[0004] However, in actual applications, the detection light path of the configured optical sensor will be blocked by impurities in the separation tank, because sediment particles are easy to adhere to the sensor surface, or sediment particles are easy to accumulate on the probe surface to form a shielding layer, resulting in spectral signal attenuation or noise interference, causing the detection signal to be distorted. At this time, the system cannot accurately obtain the reaction state, resulting in feedback control lag, which is easy to cause excessive addition of digester or premature termination of the reaction, resulting in decreased separation efficiency or damage to microplastics, affecting the integrity and recovery rate of microplastic separation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for separating microplastics in marine sediments, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] A device for separating microplastics from marine sediments, comprising a base plate, a servo motor fixedly mounted on a side of the base plate, a first gear plate fixedly mounted on an output end of the servo motor, a circular guide rail frame fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the base plate, a separation tank fixedly mounted on the inner side of the circular guide rail frame, a gear ring movably mounted on the upper surface of the circular guide rail frame, the gear ring being integrally sleeved on the outer side of the bottom of the separation tank, with the side meshing with the first gear plate; The upper surface of the gear ring is provided with two sets of magnetic detection mechanisms separated by 180 degrees. The inner wall of the separation tank is provided with an anti-blocking mechanism corresponding to the adsorption of the magnetic detection mechanism. The sides of the magnetic detection mechanism are provided with a liquid supply mechanism for supplying air and liquid to the anti-blocking mechanism. Among them, the anti-blocking mechanism includes a cleaning frame and two built-in rotating tubes arranged inside the cleaning frame. The gas and liquid supplied to the anti-blocking mechanism are sprayed out through the mutual rotation of the two built-in rotating tubes to blow away the blocking impurities around the optical path detection end of the magnetic detection mechanism.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: the magnetic detection mechanism includes an optical detection sensor, and a U-shaped shell is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the optical detection sensor. The U-shaped shell is fitted with the outer circular surface of the separation tank, and a first reserved notch is provided at the middle position of the fitting end surface. The detection end of the optical detection sensor emits detection light toward the center position of the separation tank through the first reserved notch, and two upper and lower concave ring grooves are provided on the outer surface of the separation tank. The U-shaped shell is fixedly installed at the side position on the end surface of the separation tank that is fitted with the separation tank, and a convex magnetic block that is stuck in the concave ring groove is fixedly installed.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the anti-obstruction mechanism also includes a back plate fixedly mounted on the side of the cleaning frame, the back plate is tightly attached to the inner wall of the separation tank, and a magnetic coating corresponding to the inner and outer adsorption of the convex magnetic block is arranged on the close end, the side ends on both sides of the back plate are beveled surfaces, and a second reserved notch corresponding to the inner and outer sides of the first reserved notch is opened at the middle position of the cleaning frame and the back plate surface, the interior of the cleaning frame is a cavity structure, and a number of notch grooves are opened in sequence from top to bottom at positions on both sides of the second reserved notch, and U-shaped filter covers are fixedly mounted on the outside of the notch grooves.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the anti-blocking mechanism also includes a cavity box fixedly mounted on the top of the cleaning frame, two groups of opposite clamping sleeves fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cavity box, and drive tubes movably mounted on the clamping sleeves, and a second gear plate fixedly mounted on the top of the drive tube, and the sides of the second gear plates of the two drive tubes are engaged with each other, a third gear plate movably mounted at one end of the upper surface of the cavity box, and the bottom of the third gear plate is fixedly connected to the second gear plate at the same side end, an inner convex ring is fixedly mounted on the inner upper side of the separation tank at a position flush with the third gear plate, and two tooth sections 180 degrees apart are arranged on the inner convex ring, and the two flush third gear plates are engaged with the tooth sections.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the driving tubes on both sides of the cavity box penetrate into the cavities on both sides of the second reserved notch inside the cleaning frame, and built-in rotating tubes are fixedly installed on the penetration ends, and two groups of scraping convex edges attached to the U-shaped filter cover are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the built-in rotating tube, and a number of spray heads are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the built-in rotating tube at a position between the two scraping convex edges, and the area between the two concave ring grooves on the separation tank is a transparent cover.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the anti-blocking mechanism also includes an external sealing cover on the outside of the two driving tubes in the cavity box, and the external sealing cover is a cavity structure as a whole. Circular openings that are not connected to the cavity inside the external sealing cover are opened at the positions of the two driving tubes on both side ends of the external sealing cover, and second sealing ring sleeves are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the circular openings. The driving tube sleeves are fixedly installed with first sealing ring sleeves that are sealed with the second sealing ring sleeves at the positions of the circular openings on both side ends of the external sealing cover.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: a plurality of first flow openings are circumferentially opened on the driving tube at positions between the first sealing ring sleeves, a plurality of second flow openings are circumferentially opened in the circular openings at both sides of the external sealing cover at positions between the second sealing ring sleeves, a drainage hose is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the cavity box, and the drainage hose is connected to the interior of the external sealing cover.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the liquid supply mechanism includes a storage tank fixedly installed on the side of the optical detection sensor, a pump is fixedly installed on the inner top of the storage tank, a water jetting and air extraction module is fixedly installed on the extraction end of the pump, and a U-shaped output pipe is fixedly installed on the output end of the pump, the U-shaped output pipe bypasses the top of the separation tank and extends to the adjacent cavity box, and is communicated with the drainage hose on the cavity box.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: the liquid supply mechanism also includes a partition plate fixedly installed on the lower side of the interior of the storage tank, the inner bottom of the storage tank is separated into an independent cavity by the partitioning effect of the partition plate, and the side wall of the cavity is fixedly installed with an air intake filter plate, and the interior of the cavity is provided with a filter cotton block, and an air guide pipe is fixedly installed on the extraction end of the pump, and the air guide pipe is connected to the independent cavity at the bottom of the partition plate.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the U-shaped output tube is provided with a scooping mechanism, and the scooping mechanism includes an assembly rod, and tightening buckles are fixedly installed at the two side ends of the assembly rod, and are sleeved on the U-shaped output tube extending inside the separation tank through the tightening buckles. A scooping bucket is fixedly installed on the surface of the assembly rod and is placed at the top position in the separation tank. The scooping end of the scooping bucket is an overall slightly upward inclined bevel, and the bottom surface of the scooping bucket is provided with a plurality of leaks.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) This solution effectively solves the problem of optical detection distortion of microplastics under the interference of sediment turbidity through the coordinated mechanism of dynamic detection and adaptive cleaning. The servo motor drives the gear ring to drive the magnetic detection mechanism to rotate and scan along the outer wall of the separation tank, and cooperates with the synchronous displacement of the inner wall adsorption anti-blocking mechanism to achieve real-time purification of the detection light path area. Different from traditional fixed sensors, the rotating scanning mode breaks through the local detection blind spot and forms a covering monitoring under a 180-degree symmetrical layout, thereby improving the multi-point continuous sampling accuracy of the pH value and density gradient of the digestion solution.

[0018] (2) The anti-blocking mechanism realizes directional dynamic cleaning of the gas-liquid mixed medium through the opposite rotating spray mechanism of the built-in rotating tube. The two built-in rotating tubes generate a rotating airway under the drive of the gear set, and cooperate with the U-shaped filter cover to form a fan-shaped coverage area to remove suspended particles around the detection light path. The scraping convex edge set on the surface of the built-in rotating tube operates in conjunction with the spray head, completing the self-cleaning of the filter cover while spraying gas and liquid, ensuring the dynamic adaptation of the spray pressure in different viscosity sediment environments. Further, through control, low-pressure airflow can be used to loosen particles in silty sediments, and high-pressure liquid flow can be switched to flush in organic viscous media, which not only maintains the integrity of the microplastic structure, but also significantly reduces the signal drift caused by the secondary suspension of particles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the base plate of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the separation tank of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the U-shaped filter cover of the present invention in a disassembled state; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the back panel of the present invention in a disassembled state; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the cavity box of the present invention in a disassembled state; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the external sealing cover of the present invention in a disassembled state; Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a half-section view of a storage tank of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the scooping mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Reference numerals 1. Base plate; 2. Servo motor; 3. First gear plate; 4. Ring guide frame; 5. Gear ring; 6. Magnetic detection mechanism; 61. Optical detection sensor; 62. U-shaped housing; 63. First reserved notch; 64. Outwardly convex magnetic block; 7. Liquid supply mechanism; 71. Storage tank; 72. Pump; 73. Water jetting and air extraction module; 74. Separator; 75. Air guide tube; 76. Air intake filter plate; 77. Filter cotton block; 8. U-shaped output tube; 9. Retrieving mechanism; 91. Assembling rod; 92. Tightening buckle; 93. Retrieving bucket; 94. Leakage port; 10. Separation tank; 11. Inward convex ring; 12. Tooth segment; 13. Anti-blocking mechanism; 131. Cleaning frame; 132. Second reserved notch; 133. Notched slot; 134. Built-in rotating tube; 135. Scraping convex edge; 136. Sprinkler head; 137. U-shaped filter cover; 138. Back plate; 139. Magnetic coating; 1310. Cavity box; 1311. Clamping buckle; 1312. Drive tube; 1313. External sealing cover; 1314. First sealing ring; 1315. First flow port; 1316. Second sealing ring; 1317. Second flow port; 1318. Drainage hose; 1319. Second gear plate; 1320. Third gear plate; 14. Inner concave ring groove; 15. Transparent cover.

[0022] As shown in the figure, in order to clearly implement the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure, but this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific structure, device and environment. According to specific needs, ordinary technicians in this field can adjust or modify these devices and environments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following describes in detail a device for separating microplastics from marine sediments provided by the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is also noted that, to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives for implementing certain known technologies. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments in more detail and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a separation device for microplastics in marine sediments, comprising a base plate 1, a servo motor 2 is fixedly mounted on the side of the base plate 1, a first gear plate 3 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the servo motor 2, a circular guide frame 4 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the base plate 1, a separation tank 10 is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the circular guide frame 4, a gear ring 5 is movably mounted on the upper surface of the circular guide frame 4, the gear ring 5 is integrally sleeved on the outer side of the bottom of the separation tank 10, and the side is meshed with the first gear plate 3; The upper surface of the gear ring 5 is provided with two sets of magnetic detection mechanisms 6 separated by 180 degrees. The inner wall of the separation tank 10 is provided with an anti-blocking mechanism 13 corresponding to the adsorption of the magnetic detection mechanism 6. The sides of the magnetic detection mechanism 6 are provided with a liquid supply mechanism 7 for supplying air and liquid to the anti-blocking mechanism 13. Among them, the anti-blocking mechanism 13 includes a cleaning frame 131 and two built-in rotating tubes 134 arranged inside the cleaning frame 131. The gas and liquid supplied to the anti-blocking mechanism 13 are sprayed out through the mutual rotation of the two built-in rotating tubes 134 to blow away the blocking impurities around the optical path detection end of the magnetic detection mechanism 6.

[0025] In order to solve the problem in the prior art of separating marine sediment microplastics by the digestion and flotation combined method, sediment particles block the optical sensor light path, resulting in signal distortion, control lag, reduced separation efficiency and damage to microplastics, the above-mentioned technical solution is now adopted to solve the problem. The above-mentioned technical solution mainly consists of a base plate 1, a servo motor 2, a first gear plate 3, an annular guide frame 4, a gear ring 5, a magnetic detection mechanism 6, a liquid supply mechanism 7, a separation tank 10 and an anti-blocking mechanism 13. The base plate 1 serves as the base structure of the device. In order to ensure its stability during use, a corresponding anti-slip friction coating can be configured on the top. The configured servo motor 2 is a motor structure capable of servo drive in the prior art. During operation, it can control the first gear plate 3 at the output end to rotate and drive at a precise angle. The configured annular guide frame 4 is used to provide a rotating guide rail for the gear ring 5 to ensure the stability of the gear ring 5 during rotation.

[0026] Among them, the configured magnetic detection mechanism 6 and liquid supply mechanism 7 are arranged adjacent to each other and are distributed as a whole at positions 180 degrees apart on the upper surface of the gear ring 5. Through the driving action of the first gear disk 3 at the output end of the servo motor 2, the meshing gear ring 5 can be controlled to rotate along the circular guide frame 4 on the outside of the separation tank 10. In the current process, the magnetic detection mechanism 6 facing the center of the separation tank 10 is used to perform a comprehensive covering scan and detection on the interior. The anti-blocking mechanism 13, through its magnetic properties and the adsorption properties of the adjacent magnetic detection mechanism 6, adheres to the inner wall of the separation tank 10 to clean impurities from the optical path detection end emitted by the magnetic detection mechanism 6. During actual operation, the two built-in rotating tubes 134 inside the cleaning frame 131 rotate relative to each other to eject the gas and liquid supplied to the anti-blocking mechanism 13, blowing away impurities blocking the optical path detection end of the magnetic detection mechanism 6. The detection end structure is configured on the outside of the separation tank 10, using a non-invasive detection method to monitor the internal separation environment through the side wall of the separation tank 10. The cleaning structure is placed inside using a non-driven structure, so as not to interfere with the separation of microplastics in the internal sediment during operation. It also avoids signal interference or equipment contamination caused by contact with sediment by traditional invasive probes. In addition, the servo motor 2 drives the gear ring 5 to rotate along the annular guide frame 4, causing the magnetic detection mechanism 6 to form a dynamic coverage scan, which can capture changes in key parameters such as the pH value and density gradient of the digestion solution in different areas of the tank in real time. Compared to traditional fixed sensors, this rotating structure can overcome local detection blind spots. In high-turbidity sediment environments, it reduces the risk of signal distortion caused by particle obstruction through multi-point continuous sampling. Furthermore, the adsorption design of the anti-obstruction mechanism 13 and the magnetic detection mechanism 6 ensures that the cleaning action is limited to the current detection optical path area, avoiding resource waste caused by ineffective cleaning. When the detection mechanism rotates to a certain position, the anti-obstruction mechanism 13 automatically adheres to the corresponding inner wall through magnetic attraction, achieving synchronous purification of the optical path, which can enhance the system's adaptability and reduce the frequency of maintenance downtime. It also fundamentally avoids the risk of physical damage to sediment microplastics caused by traditional mechanical cleaning devices such as brushes and scrapers. Its internal rotating tube 134 provides a gas-liquid mixture through the external liquid supply mechanism 7. The injection pressure can be dynamically adjusted according to the sediment viscosity. For example, in silty sediments, a low-pressure airflow is used to remove loose particles, while in organic viscous media, a high-pressure liquid flow is used for flushing. This not only achieves cleaning during operation, but also ensures the structural integrity of microplastics during flotation and digestion. In addition, the 180-degree symmetrical layout of the magnetic detection mechanism 6 and the anti-shielding mechanism 13 further balances the mechanical load during the rotation of the tank body and reduces the interference of vibration on the separation process.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the magnetic detection mechanism 6 includes an optical detection sensor 61, and a U-shaped shell 62 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the optical detection sensor 61. The U-shaped shell 62 is fitted with the outer circular surface of the separation tank 10, and a first reserved notch 63 is provided at the middle position of the fitting end surface. The detection end of the optical detection sensor 61 emits detection light toward the center position of the separation tank 10 through the first reserved notch 63. Two upper and lower concave ring grooves 14 are provided on the outer surface of the separation tank 10. The U-shaped shell 62 is fitted with the side position on the end surface of the separation tank 10 and is fixedly installed with an outer convex magnetic block 64 that is stuck in the concave ring groove 14.

[0028] The magnetic detection mechanism 6 is configured as the detection end of the device for accurately controlling the digestion intensity. It is composed of an optical detection sensor 61 in the prior art. The optical detection sensor 61 detects the characteristic peak of organic matter decomposition in the digestion solution to achieve real-time monitoring of the microplastic separation state. Its working principle is to indirectly evaluate the digestion process through the degree of spectral attenuation. However, it is easily affected by the obstruction of suspended particles and is prone to signal drift. It is a conventional sensor for optical detection in the prior art. The configured U-shaped casing 62 is integrally sleeved on the outside of the optical detection sensor 61. On the one hand, it is used to protect the optical detection end of the optical detection sensor 61. On the other hand, it is used to buckle on the upper and lower concave annular grooves 14 of the separation tank 10. On the sliding end, it uses a convex magnetic block 64 to attract the anti-obstruction mechanism 13 on the inside. It is in contact with the outer circular surface of the separation tank 10, and a first reserved notch 63 for transmitting detection light is opened at the middle position of the contact end surface.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the anti-blocking mechanism 13 also includes a back plate 138 fixedly mounted on the side of the cleaning frame 131, the back plate 138 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the separation tank 10, and a magnetic coating 139 corresponding to the inner and outer adsorption of the convex magnetic block 64 is arranged on the close end, the side ends of both sides of the back plate 138 are beveled surfaces, and a second reserved slot 132 corresponding to the inner and outer sides of the first reserved slot 63 is provided at the middle position of the surface of the cleaning frame 131 and the back plate 138, the interior of the cleaning frame 131 is a cavity structure, and a number of notch grooves 133 are sequentially opened from top to bottom at the positions on both sides of the second reserved slot 132, and a U-shaped filter cover 137 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the notch groove 133.

[0030] Among them, the configured cleaning frame 131 is a hollow structure with a second reserved slot 132 in the middle, and the second reserved slot 132 in the middle is to correspond to the first reserved slot 63 on the outside. In order to more stably transmit the detection light, the back plate 138 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the separation tank 10 through the magnetic coating 139. On the one hand, it can move synchronously with the movement of the magnetic detection mechanism 6. On the other hand, the beveled surfaces on both sides of the back plate 138 are used to clean up the residual impurities on the inner wall of the separation tank 10, thereby improving the internal impurity separation efficiency and providing the subsequent rotation of the cleaning frame 131 with the characteristic of actively sweeping away obstacles. As shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification, several notched grooves 133 are provided on both sides of the cleaning frame 131, which are in a state of completely penetrating the cavity. Therefore, the outer filter end is in a U-shape. The state of completely penetrating the cavity is to ensure that when gas or liquid or gas-liquid mixture is ejected later, the rotating spray ends on both sides can clean the entire area around the cleaning frame 131 through the rotating spray end. It can clean one end of the second reserved notch 132 on the inner side of the cleaning frame 131 to prevent impurities from being retained in the inner recess, and can also clean the surrounding area of ​​the cleaning frame 131, and can cover the area of ​​the cleaning frame 131 facing the center of the separation tank 10 and the positions of the two side ends of the cleaning frame 131.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the anti-blocking mechanism 13 also includes a cavity box 1310 fixedly mounted on the top of the cleaning frame 131, and two sets of opposite clamping buckles 1311 are fixedly mounted on the inner side wall of the cavity box 1310. A driving tube 1312 is movably mounted on each of the clamping buckles 1311. A second gear plate 1319 is fixedly mounted on the top of each of the driving tubes 1312, and the sides of the second gear plates 1319 of the two driving tubes 1312 are engaged with each other. A third gear plate 1320 is movably installed at one end of the upper surface of the box 1310, and the bottom of the third gear plate 1320 is fixedly connected to the second gear plate 1319 at the same end. An inner convex ring 11 is fixedly installed at a position flush with the third gear plate 1320 on the inner upper side of the separation tank 10, and two tooth sections 12 separated by 180 degrees are arranged on the inner convex ring 11, and the two flush third gear plates 1320 are engaged with the tooth sections 12.

[0032] Among them, the configured cavity box 1310 is used to set the driving tube 1312, and the driving tube 1312 is used to drive the built-in rotating tube 134. The tooth section 12 configured on the inner convex ring 11 is an arc-shaped tooth structure, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification, and its length corresponds to the rolling range of the third gear plate 1320. Through the adsorption characteristics of the outer magnetic detection mechanism 6, the inner anti-blocking mechanism 13 is driven to rotate around the inner wall of the separation tank 10. In the process, the third gear plate 1320 contacts the inner convex ring 11 due to the non-engaging edge. Therefore, it will not rotate, but when it contacts the tooth segment 12 on the inner convex ring 11, it will drive the third gear plate 1320 to rotate due to the meshing effect. When passing through a tooth segment 12, the third gear plate 1320 rotates just half a circle, that is, a 180-degree rotation occurs. When it is reflected on the built-in rotating tube 134 at the tooth segment 12, the scraping convex edge 135 on the built-in rotating tube 134 scrapes from one end of the U-shaped filter cover 137 to the other end, completing the cleaning of the inner side of the U-shaped filter cover 137 and ensuring the stability of the spray end face.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the driving tubes 1312 on both sides of the cavity box 1310 penetrate into the cavities on both sides of the second reserved slot 132 inside the cleaning frame 131, and the penetration ends are fixedly installed with built-in rotating tubes 134, and two groups of scraping convex edges 135 attached to the U-shaped filter cover 137 are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the built-in rotating tube 134, and a number of spray heads 136 are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the built-in rotating tube 134 at a position between the two scraping convex edges 135, and the area between the two concave annular grooves 14 on the separation tank 10 is a transparent cover 15.

[0034] Among them, the scraping convex edge 135 arranged on the outside of the built-in rotating tube 134 is a tough brush block structure, and a transparent cover 15 is arranged in the area between the two concave ring grooves 14 to ensure that the detection end, that is, the optical detection sensor 61, can detect infrared light more smoothly entering the interior of the separation tank 10 during the process.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the anti-blocking mechanism 13 also includes an external sealing cover 1313 with a movable cover on the outside of the two driving tubes 1312 in the cavity box 1310. The external sealing cover 1313 is a cavity structure as a whole. The two side ends of the external sealing cover 1313 corresponding to the positions of the two driving tubes 1312 are provided with circular openings that are not connected to the cavity inside the external sealing cover 1313, and the upper and lower sides of the circular openings are fixedly installed with second sealing ring sleeves 1316. The driving tubes 1312 are fixedly installed with first sealing ring sleeves 1314 that are sealed and fit with the second sealing ring sleeves 1316 at the positions of the circular openings on both side ends of the external sealing cover 1313.

[0036] Among them, the purpose of the configured external sealing cover 1313 is to supply liquid and air to the two driving tubes 1312 in the cavity box 1310, and not to interfere with the rotation of the two driving tubes 1312. The configured second sealing ring sleeve 1316 and the first sealing ring sleeve 1314 are circular sealing joint structures in the prior art, which ensure the sealing at the interface position while also being able to rotate in a tight state.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, a plurality of first flow openings 1315 are opened in a circular manner at positions between the first sealing ring sleeves 1314 on the driving tube 1312, and a plurality of second flow openings 1317 are opened in a circular manner at positions between the second sealing ring sleeves 1316 in the circular openings at both sides of the external sealing cover 1313. A drainage hose 1318 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the cavity box 1310, and the drainage hose 1318 is connected to the interior of the external sealing cover 1313.

[0038] Among them, the configured first flow port 1315 and the second flow port 1317 are drainage openings, the purpose of which is to ensure that the material entering the external sealing cover 1313 can enter the driving tubes 1312 on both sides, and the configured drainage hose 1318 does not interfere with the rotation of the two meshing second gear plates 1319.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the liquid supply mechanism 7 includes a storage tank 71 fixedly mounted on the side of the optical detection sensor 61, a pump 72 is fixedly mounted on the inner top of the storage tank 71, a water jetting and air extraction module 73 is fixedly mounted on the extraction end of the pump 72, and a U-shaped output pipe 8 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the pump 72, the U-shaped output pipe 8 bypasses the top of the separation tank 10 and extends to the adjacent cavity box 1310, and is communicated with the drainage hose 1318 on the cavity box 1310.

[0040] Among them, the configured water injection and air extraction module 73 and the pump 72 are an integrated structure, which is a pump body structure capable of pumping water and air in the prior art. During operation, the liquid on the upper side of the storage tank 71 or the gas at the bottom of the storage tank 71 can be selected for extraction according to the insertion position of the configured extraction end conduit. With liquid as the power medium, a negative pressure is formed in the mixing chamber through high-speed water flow, gas is sucked in and high-pressure gas is discharged. When there is no liquid, the high-pressure gas is discharged through the gas-water separation pipe.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the liquid supply mechanism 7 also includes a partition plate 74 fixedly mounted on the lower side of the storage tank 71. The inner bottom of the storage tank 71 is separated into an independent cavity by the partitioning effect of the partition plate 74, and the side wall of the cavity is fixedly mounted with an air intake filter plate 76, and the interior of the cavity is provided with a filter cotton block 77. An air guide tube 75 is fixedly mounted on the extraction end of the pump 72, and the air guide tube 75 is connected to the independent cavity at the bottom of the partition plate 74.

[0042] Among them, the configured partition plate 74 is used to separate an independent cavity from the inner bottom of the storage tank 71. The air intake filter plate 76 configured on the independent cavity is a filter cotton structure used in the prior art to filter impurities in the gas, and the filter cotton block 77 is used to further adsorb and filter out the impurity particle structure of the gas, so that the adsorbed and sprayed gas is relatively pure.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the U-shaped output tube 8 is provided with a scooping mechanism 9, and the scooping mechanism 9 includes an assembly rod 91. Tightening buckles 92 are fixedly installed at both end positions of the assembly rod 91, and are sleeved on the U-shaped output tube 8 extending inside the separation tank 10 through the tightening buckles 92. A scooping bucket 93 placed at the top position inside the separation tank 10 is fixedly installed on the surface of the assembly rod 91. The scooping end of the scooping bucket 93 is an overall slightly upward inclined bevel, and the bottom surface of the scooping bucket 93 is provided with a plurality of leaks 94.

[0044] Among them, the configured scooping mechanism 9 is arranged as a whole at the top position of the inner side of the separation tank 10 through the U-shaped output tube 8. The tightening buckles 92 on both sides are buckle structures in the prior art that can change the tightness of the clamping end. During operation, the tightening characteristics can be used to adjust the fixed height of the scooping mechanism 9 at the top of the inner side of the separation tank 10. It is well known that its digestion and flotation combined method is to remove organic interferences by density liquid flotation combined with chemical digestion. After mixing the sediment sample with the digestion liquid, density gradient flotation is used to separate microplastics. Finally, the separated microplastics will float on the top of the separation tank 10 and be scooped by the scooping mechanism 9 following the rotation of the device. It is a synchronous collaborative structure.

[0045] The working principle provided by the present invention is as follows: When the present invention is used, a gravity column or a trawl is first used to collect shallow sea silt sediments, and large impurities such as stones and shells are removed through a screen. After the sediment is air-dried, it is preliminarily separated from the sandy matrix by mechanical screening, such as a separatory funnel or an automatic screening device in the prior art, completing the work of the pretreatment stage. Then, the digestion stage is entered, and hydrogen peroxide is injected into the liquid supply mechanisms 7 on both sides of the separation tank 10 to digest the organic matter, and a saturated sodium chloride solution is used for flotation, as follows: First, hydrogen peroxide is injected into the upper side of the partition plate 74 of the storage tank 71 of the liquid supply mechanism 7 on one side, and saturated sodium chloride solution is injected into the upper side of the partition plate 74 of the storage tank 71 of the liquid supply mechanism 7 on the other side. Then, the treated sediment is introduced into the interior of the separation tank 10 through the conduit, and clean water is injected for primary flotation treatment.

[0046] Then, after the initial flotation, the first gear disk 3 at the output end is controlled by the servo motor 2 to drive the gear ring 5 on the circular guide frame 4 to rotate, so that the magnetic detection mechanism 6 on the surface of the gear ring 5 rotates in a circle around the outer surface of the separation tank 10, and the rotation range is 180 degrees reciprocating. During the rotation process, the optical detection end of the optical detection sensor 61 enters the interior of the separation tank 10 through the first reserved notch 63, the second reserved notch 132, and the transparent cover 15, and uses the light detection characteristics to obtain the status of the internal liquid and density in real time.

[0047] Then, during the reciprocating light detection process, the pump 72 cooperates with the water-jet vacuum module 73, and utilizes the air intake characteristic of the air intake filter plate 76 at the bottom of the partition plate 74 to deliver high-pressure gas to one side of the U-shaped output pipe 8. The generated high-pressure gas enters the drainage hose 1318 of the cavity box 1310 through the U-shaped output pipe 8, and enters the interior of the external sealing cover 1313 through the drainage hose 1318, and then passes through the second flow port 1317 at the position of the second sealing ring sleeve 1316 on both sides of the external sealing cover 1313. It is introduced into the first flow port 1315 at the middle end of the first sealing ring sleeve 1314 on the driving tube 1312, enters the interior of the driving tube 1312, and is sent to the built-in rotating tubes 134 on both sides through the driving tube 1312, and finally sprayed out through the spray head 136 on the surface of the built-in rotating tube 134. In the process of synchronously rotating the cleaning frame 131 following the rotation of the magnetic detection mechanism 6, the third gear plate 1320 arranged at the bottom of the cleaning frame 131 reciprocates and contacts the tooth segment 12 on the inner convex ring 11, so that the two second gear plates 1319 in the cavity box 1310 rotate toward each other due to engagement, and utilizing the characteristic of rotating toward each other, the built-in rotating tubes 134 on both sides of the bottom rotate toward each other synchronously, and cooperate with the spray head 136 of the spraying unit to produce a fan-shaped air duct area on the surface of the cleaning frame 131 that can act toward each other and rotate back and forth. The fan-shaped air duct areas on both sides opposite to each other are utilized inside the separation tank 10 to effectively provide a purge effect for the optical detection ends of the optical detection sensors 61 on the same side and the opposite side, thereby ensuring the stability of the detection light path during the covering rotation detection process.

[0048] Finally, first open the liquid supply mechanism 7 of the storage tank 71 on the side where hydrogen peroxide is stored, and supply hydrogen peroxide to the anti-shielding mechanism 13, that is, one end of the spray head 136, through the pump 72. At this time, no gas is supplied. The supplied hydrogen peroxide is used to decompose organic matter in the sediment, such as algae residues and biological debris, through an oxidation reaction. In order to improve the stability and efficiency of this process, a catalyst may be added to form a Fenton reaction to enhance the oxidation efficiency. After the organic matter is completely decomposed, the solution changes from turbid to clear, and the upper floating objects are mainly microplastics and inorganic particles. Then open the liquid supply mechanism 7 of the storage tank 71 on the side where saturated sodium chloride solution is stored. At this time, no gas and hydrogen peroxide are supplied. Saturated sodium chloride solution is used because of its low cost and effectiveness for low-density microplastics. After digestion, the separation tank 10 is used for the benefit. A reciprocating anti-blocking mechanism 13 is used to make the microplastics float up by utilizing its state similar to mechanical stirring. After mixing, the rotation is stopped. After standing and stratification, the upper liquid collects the microplastics through the overflow weir or filter membrane, and the lower layer precipitates as sandy residue. If the mixture inside the separation tank 10 has a high silt content, it can be floated back and forth multiple times. Because the surface turns yellow and the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum disappears under strong oxidation, excessive digestion may cause the microplastic particles to break or adsorb pollutants to be desorbed, affecting the accuracy of subsequent analysis. Therefore, an online sensor, that is, an optical detection sensor 61, is used to monitor the state of the digestion liquid in real time to avoid reaction runaway. The digestion time can be dynamically adjusted according to the organic matter content in the sediment silt to achieve a high recovery rate of microplastics. The decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide are water and oxygen, which avoids secondary pollution.

[0049] Furthermore, in the entire process, except for the particularity during liquid supply, the anti-shielding mechanism 13 can discharge gas to assist the optical detection of the optical detection sensor 61 .

[0050] The present invention encompasses any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and solutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. To provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail below in connection with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art will be able to fully understand the present invention without these detailed descriptions. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary confusion regarding the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail.

[0051] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for separating microplastics from marine sediments, comprising a base plate, characterized in that: A servo motor is fixedly mounted on the side of the base plate, a first gear plate is fixedly mounted on the output end of the servo motor, a circular guide rail frame is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the base plate, a separation tank is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the circular guide rail frame, a gear ring is movably mounted on the upper surface of the circular guide rail frame, the gear ring is integrally sleeved on the outer side of the bottom of the separation tank, and the side is meshed with the first gear plate; The upper surface of the gear ring is provided with two sets of magnetic detection mechanisms separated by 180 degrees. The inner wall of the separation tank is provided with an anti-blocking mechanism corresponding to the adsorption of the magnetic detection mechanism. The sides of the magnetic detection mechanism are provided with a liquid supply mechanism for supplying air and liquid to the anti-blocking mechanism. Among them, the anti-blocking mechanism includes a cleaning frame and two built-in rotating tubes arranged inside the cleaning frame. The gas and liquid supplied to the anti-blocking mechanism are sprayed out through the mutual rotation of the two built-in rotating tubes to blow away the blocking impurities around the optical path detection end of the magnetic detection mechanism.

2. A device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic detection mechanism includes an optical detection sensor, and a U-shaped shell is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the optical detection sensor. The U-shaped shell is fitted with the outer circular surface of the separation tank, and a first reserved notch is provided at the middle position of the fitting end surface. The detection end of the optical detection sensor emits detection light toward the center position of the separation tank through the first reserved notch. Two upper and lower concave ring grooves are provided on the outer surface of the separation tank. The U-shaped shell is fixedly installed with a convex magnetic block stuck in the concave ring groove at the side position on the end surface of the separation tank.

3. A device for separating microplastics in marine sediments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-blocking mechanism also includes a back plate fixedly mounted on the side of the cleaning frame, the back plate is tightly attached to the inner wall of the separation tank, and a magnetic coating corresponding to the inner and outer adsorption of the convex magnetic block is arranged on the close end, the side ends on both sides of the back plate are beveled surfaces, and a second reserved notch corresponding to the inner and outer sides of the first reserved notch is opened at the middle position of the cleaning frame and the back plate surface, the interior of the cleaning frame is a cavity structure, and a number of notch grooves are opened in sequence from top to bottom at the positions on both sides of the second reserved notch, and a U-shaped filter cover is fixedly installed on the outside of the notch groove.

4. A device for separating microplastics in marine sediments according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anti-blocking mechanism also includes a cavity box fixedly mounted on the top of the cleaning frame, two groups of opposite clamping sleeves fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cavity box, and a driving tube movably mounted on the clamping sleeve, and a second gear plate fixedly mounted on the top of the driving tube, and the sides of the second gear plates of the two driving tubes are engaged with each other, a third gear plate movably mounted at one end of the upper surface of the cavity box, and the bottom of the third gear plate is fixedly connected to the second gear plate at the same side end, an inner convex ring is fixedly mounted on the inner upper side of the separation tank at a position flush with the third gear plate, and two tooth sections 180 degrees apart are arranged on the inner convex ring, and the two flush third gear plates are engaged with the tooth sections.

5. A device for separating microplastics in marine sediments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving tubes on both sides of the cavity box penetrate into the cavities on both sides of the second reserved notch inside the cleaning frame, and built-in rotating tubes are fixedly installed on the penetration ends, and two groups of scraping convex edges attached to the U-shaped filter cover are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the built-in rotating tube, and a number of spray heads are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the built-in rotating tube at a position between the two scraping convex edges, and the area between the two concave ring grooves on the separation tank is a transparent cover.

6. A device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 5, characterized in that: The anti-blocking mechanism also includes an external sealing cover on the outside of the two driving tubes in the cavity box. The external sealing cover is a cavity structure as a whole. Circular openings that are not connected to the cavity inside the external sealing cover are opened at the positions of the two driving tubes on both side ends of the external sealing cover, and second sealing ring sleeves are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the circular openings. The driving tube sleeve is fixedly installed with first sealing ring sleeves that are sealed with the second sealing ring sleeves at the positions of the circular openings on both side ends of the external sealing cover.

7. A device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving tube is provided with a plurality of first flow openings in a circular manner at positions between the first sealing ring sleeves, and the circular openings on both sides of the external sealing cover are provided with a plurality of second flow openings in a circular manner at positions between the second sealing ring sleeves. A drainage hose is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the cavity box, and the drainage hose is connected to the interior of the external sealing cover.

8. The device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 7, characterized in that: The liquid supply mechanism includes a storage tank fixedly installed on the side of the optical detection sensor, a pump fixedly installed on the inner top of the storage tank, a water jet and air extraction module fixedly installed on the extraction end of the pump, and a U-shaped output pipe fixedly installed on the output end of the pump. The U-shaped output pipe bypasses the top of the separation tank and extends to the adjacent cavity box, and is connected to the drainage hose on the cavity box.

9. The device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 8, characterized in that: The liquid supply mechanism also includes a partition plate fixedly mounted on the lower side of the storage tank. The inner bottom of the storage tank is separated into an independent cavity by the partitioning effect of the partition plate, and an air intake filter plate is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the cavity, and a filter cotton block is arranged inside the cavity. An air guide tube is fixedly mounted on the extraction end of the pump, and the air guide tube is connected to the independent cavity at the bottom of the partition plate.

10. The device for separating microplastics from marine sediments according to claim 9, wherein: The U-shaped output tube is provided with a scooping mechanism, which includes an assembly rod. Tightening buckles are fixedly installed at both end positions of the assembly rod, and are sleeved on the U-shaped output tube extending inside the separation tank through the tightening buckles. A scooping bucket is fixedly installed on the surface of the assembly rod and is placed at the top position in the separation tank. The scooping end of the scooping bucket is an overall slightly upward inclined bevel, and the bottom surface of the scooping bucket is provided with a plurality of leaks.

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