Normally-opened and normally-closed electromagnetic synchronous jaw clutch
By combining the electromagnetic synchronizer and the tooth clutch, which are first synchronized and then engaged, and finally maintained in conjunction by magnets, the speed difference and torque transmission problems of the electromagnetic tooth clutch under the control system are solved, and smooth engagement and efficient transmission are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410270283.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-09
AI Technical Summary
The existing electromagnetic tooth clutch is difficult to stably achieve a small speed difference and a transmission torque less than a certain value under the control system requirements, resulting in large impact when engaging and unstable separation, affecting the normal driving of the vehicle.
It adopts a normally open and normally closed electromagnetic synchronous tooth clutch. Through the combination of electromagnetic synchronizer and electromagnetic tooth clutch, the speed of the master and driven parts are first synchronized, then the engagement is achieved through electromagnetic force, and finally the engagement is maintained by the magnet. The impact is eliminated when engaging, and the repulsive force and spring force are used to achieve separation when separating.
It achieves smooth engagement, simple control, large transmission capacity and low energy consumption, and improves the reliability and transmission capacity of the clutch.
Smart Images
Figure HSA0000297801280000011
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of clutches, in particular to a normally open and normally closed electromagnetic synchronous tooth clutch for automobile transmissions. Background Art
[0002] Electromagnetic dog clutches are increasingly being used in automotive transmissions due to their simple mechanical structure and wide range of environmental adaptability. However, electromagnetic dog clutches place very high demands on the control system. When the clutch is engaged, the speed difference between the active part and the driven part must be small enough to eliminate impact and ensure smooth gear shifting. During the clutch disengagement process, it is necessary to ensure that the dog clutch can overcome friction under the action of the return spring force to complete the separation action only when the torque transmitted by the electromagnetic clutch is less than a certain value. Considering the torque fluctuation factor of the power system, the condition that the dog clutch transmits a torque less than a certain value is difficult to achieve stably. If the dog clutch cannot be separated during switching, it will cause a software judgment failure, making the vehicle unable to drive normally. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The present invention provides a normally open and normally closed electromagnetic synchronized dog clutch, which is composed of an electromagnetic synchronizer and an electromagnetic dog clutch. First, the synchronizer electromagnetic coil is energized and engaged, and the synchronizer's master and slave parts are first rapidly synchronized under the action of electromagnetic force and eddy current electromagnetic force. Thereafter, synchronization is maintained under the action of electromagnetic force. Then, the dog clutch electromagnetic coil is energized to cause the master and slave parts' teeth to engage with each other, and ultimately, the engagement of the master and slave parts' teeth in the dog clutch is used to transmit power. Finally, both the synchronizer and the dog clutch electromagnetic coils are de-energized, and the magnetic force of the magnets maintains the master and slave parts' teeth in engagement with each other. Before the dog clutch electromagnetic coil is de-energized and separated, the synchronizer electromagnetic coil is first energized and engaged, bearing the torque between the master and slave parts, while the dog clutch bears zero torque. Then, the dog clutch electromagnetic coil is energized in the opposite direction, and the magnetic lines of force generated by the electromagnetic coil are opposite to those of the magnets, generating a repulsive force. Under the action of the repulsive force and the spring force, the driven disc of the dog clutch is disengaged. Compared with ordinary electromagnetic clutches, this clutch has the advantages of smooth engagement, simple control, large transmission capacity and low energy consumption when working.
[0004] The present invention comprises a combination of an electromagnetic synchronizer and an electromagnetic dog clutch; it includes a driving disc, a driven part, an input shaft, a housing, a bearing, a coil, and an output gear. The driving disc is annular, with two annular cavities at one end for accommodating electromagnetic coils: the inner cavity for accommodating the clutch coil, and the outer cavity for accommodating the synchronization coil. Each cavity has a discontinuous ring of slots at the bottom, serving as magnetic isolation. The outer ring is called the synchronization isolation slot, and the inner ring is called the clutch isolation slot. The other end is provided with three evenly distributed rings of driving disc magnetic teeth and an annular magnetic ring. The outer and middle rings have the same number of magnetic teeth. The outer ring of magnetic teeth is called the driving disc outer synchronization magnetic teeth, the middle ring of magnetic teeth is called the driving disc inner synchronization magnetic teeth, and the innermost ring of magnetic teeth is called the driving disc interlocking magnetic teeth. An annular magnet is mounted on the annular magnetic ring, axially magnetized, with one end of the magnet bonded to the end face of the driving disc. The magnet is used to maintain engagement of the active ring gear interlocking magnetic teeth of the driven disc with the active disc interlocking magnetic teeth. The driving disc is mounted on the input shaft via a spline. The driven part consists of a driven plate, a synchronous gear ring, a driven plate movable gear ring, a separation spring and an output gear; the driven plate is a ring-shaped ring with a ring groove on the end face, and an internal spline is made in the ring groove. It is cast with an aluminum alloy, and the driven plate is mounted on the input shaft through a bearing; the synchronous gear ring is a ring-shaped ring with synchronous gear ring magnetic teeth on the end face. The number of synchronous gear ring magnetic teeth is the same as the number of synchronous magnetic teeth outside the driving plate, and the synchronous gear ring and the driven plate are cast as one piece; the synchronous coil, the driving plate, the synchronous magnetic teeth inside the driving plate, the synchronous magnetic teeth outside the driving plate, the synchronous gear ring and the driven plate constitute a synchronizer. When the synchronous coil is energized to achieve synchronization, the synchronous magnetic teeth outside the driving plate correspond to the magnetic teeth of the synchronous gear ring; the driven plate movable gear ring is a ring-shaped ring. The outer edge end face is provided with a driven disc movable gear ring engaging magnetic teeth, and the outer edge is provided with an external spline. The driven disc movable gear ring is installed in the driven disc ring groove through the spline and can slide on it; the inner ring of the driven disc movable gear ring is annular, and the end face of the annular ring is opposite to the magnet; the driven disc movable gear ring is made of low carbon steel; the clutch coil, the active disc, the active disc engaging magnetic teeth, the driven disc movable gear ring and the driven disc constitute an electromagnetic tooth clutch. When the synchronization coil is energized to achieve synchronization, the driven disc movable gear ring engaging magnetic teeth and the active disc engaging magnetic tooth groove are directly opposite; the electromagnetic force generated by the clutch coil being energized and the magnetic force of the magnet attract the driven disc movable gear ring to slide the driven disc movable gear ring engaging magnetic teeth into the active disc engaging magnetic tooth groove to achieve engagement. The release spring is mounted on the driven disc hub, with one end resting on a spring retaining ring fixed to the hub and the other end resting on the movable gear ring of the driven disc. The release spring maintains the movable gear ring in the disengaged position. The output gear is fixed to the driven disc and is used to output power. The clutch coil and synchronous coil are fixed to the end cap and are placed in the annular cavity of the driving disc, with a gap between them.
[0005] The positive effects of the present invention are: compared with ordinary electromagnetic clutches, during operation, the master and driven plates are first synchronized and then combined, thereby completely eliminating the combination impact; power is transmitted by the engagement of teeth, and the transmission capacity is large; the combination is maintained by magnets, which not only saves electricity, but also reduces the heat generation of the coil and has higher reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] Attachment Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention, in which (1) a clutch coil, (2) a clutch magnetic isolation groove, (3) an input shaft, (4) an input shaft spline, (5) an end cover, (6) a synchronous coil, (7) an active disk, (8) an outer shell, (9) a synchronous magnetic isolation groove, (10) an external synchronous magnetic conductive tooth of the active disk, (11) an internal synchronous magnetic conductive tooth of the active disk, (12) a synchronous gear ring magnetic conductive tooth, (13) a synchronous gear ring, (14) a driven disk, (15) an output gear, (16) a driven disk spline, (17) a magnet, (18) a separation spring, (19) a spring retaining ring, (20) a bearing, (21) an active gear ring of the driven disk, (22) an engaging magnetic conductive tooth of the active gear ring of the driven disk, and (23) an engaging magnetic conductive tooth of the active disk. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0007] In the accompanying drawings, the active disc (7) is annular and made of low carbon steel. It is mounted on the input shaft (3) through the input shaft spline (4). The input shaft (3) is mounted on the end cover (5) and the housing (8) through a bearing. The driven disc (14) is made of aluminum alloy. The synchronizer gear ring (13) is annular with a synchronizer gear ring magnetic tooth on the end surface. It is made of low carbon steel. The synchronizer gear ring (13) and the driven disc (14) are cast as one body. The driven disc (14) is mounted on the input shaft through a bearing (20). (3); the driven disc movable gear ring (21) is annular and made of low carbon steel, and is mounted in the annular groove of the driven disc (14) through the driven disc spline (16) and can slide therein; the output gear (15) is fixed on the driven disc (14); the clutch coil (1) and the synchronous coil (6) are fixed on the end cover (5), and the clutch coil (1) and the synchronous coil (6) are respectively placed in the annular cavity of the active disc (7), leaving a certain gap between them and the inner wall of the cavity of the active disc (7).
[0008] Working principle:
[0009] The clutch is disengaged, the synchronous coil and the clutch coil are not energized, there is no magnetic force between the synchronous magnetic teeth outside the active plate, the synchronous magnetic teeth inside the active plate and the magnetic teeth of the synchronous gear ring, and the engaging magnetic teeth of the active plate and the engaging magnetic teeth of the movable gear ring of the driven plate are disengaged under the action of the separation spring force; the driven plate idles on the input shaft, and the output gear does not output power.
[0010] When the clutch is engaged and the synchronous coil is energized, a magnetic force of mutual attraction is generated between the synchronous magnetic teeth outside the driving plate, the synchronous magnetic teeth inside the driving plate and the magnetic teeth of the synchronous gear ring. This electromagnetic force drives the driven plate to rotate together with the driving plate. At the same time, due to the speed difference between the driven plate and the driving plate, the synchronous gear ring on the driven plate will cut the magnetic lines of force emitted by the synchronous magnetic teeth outside the driving plate and the synchronous magnetic teeth inside the driving plate, and generate eddy currents on the synchronous gear ring of the driven plate. The eddy current electromagnetic force and the electromagnetic force jointly drive the driven plate, causing it to rotate rapidly with the driving plate. Equal, achieving synchronization; after that, the eddy current electromagnetic force disappears, and synchronization is maintained by electromagnetic force; then, the clutch coil is energized to generate an axial magnetic force, which together with the magnetic force of the magnet attracts the movable gear ring of the driven disc to move toward the active disc, so that the engaging magnetic teeth of the movable gear ring of the driven disc engage with the engaging magnetic teeth of the active disc; at this time, power is mainly transmitted by the engaging force; finally, the synchronization coil and the clutch coil are both de-energized, and the magnetic force of the magnet is used to keep the engaging magnetic teeth of the movable gear ring of the driven disc engaged with the engaging magnetic teeth of the active disc, and the clutch remains engaged.
[0011] The clutch is disengaged again, and the synchronization coil is energized first. An electromagnetic force of mutual attraction is generated between the outer synchronous magnetic teeth of the active plate, the inner synchronous magnetic teeth of the active plate and the synchronization gear ring, and the torque between the driven plate and the active plate is borne by this electromagnetic force; then, the clutch coil is energized in the reverse direction, and the magnetic lines of force generated are opposite to the magnetic lines of force of the magnet, generating a repulsive force. Under the action of the repulsive force and the force of the separation spring, the engaging magnetic teeth of the movable gear ring of the driven plate and the engaging magnetic teeth of the active plate are disengaged; then, the synchronization coil is de-energized, and the magnetic force between the outer synchronous magnetic teeth of the active plate, the inner synchronous magnetic teeth of the active plate and the magnetic teeth of the synchronization gear ring disappears, and the clutch is completely disengaged.
[0012] The above description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is an example of the present invention. The present invention can also be extended to other mechanical fields requiring a clutch.
Claims
1. A normally open and normally closed electromagnetic synchronous tooth clutch, characterized by: The structure of the normally open and normally closed electromagnetic synchronous tooth clutch is composed of an electromagnetic synchronizer and an electromagnetic tooth clutch, including a driving plate, a driven part, an input shaft, a housing, a bearing, a coil and an output gear; the driving plate is an annular ring with two annular cavities at one end for placing electromagnetic coils, the inner cavity is used to place the clutch coil, and the outer cavity is used to place the synchronous coil; the bottom of each cavity has a circle of discontinuous grooves that act as magnetic isolation, the outer circle is called the synchronous magnetic isolation groove, and the inner circle is called the clutch magnetic isolation groove; the other end is made of There are three circles of evenly distributed magnetic teeth on the active disk and one annular magnetic ring. The number of magnetic teeth on the outer and middle circles is the same. The outer circle magnetic teeth are called the outer synchronous magnetic teeth of the active disk, the middle circle magnetic teeth are called the inner synchronous magnetic teeth of the active disk, and the innermost circle magnetic teeth are called the engaging magnetic teeth of the active disk. An annular magnet is set on the magnetic ring. The magnet is axially magnetized, and one end of the magnet is bonded to the end face of the active disk. The magnet is used to keep the engaging magnetic teeth of the driven disk's movable gear ring engaged with the engaging magnetic teeth of the active disk. The active disk is mounted on the input shaft through a spline.
2. The normally open and normally closed electromagnetic synchronous dog clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driven part consists of a driven plate, a synchronous gear ring, a driven plate movable gear ring, a release spring and an output gear; the driven plate is a ring-shaped ring with a ring groove on the end face, and an internal spline is formed on the ring groove. The driven plate is mounted on the input shaft through a bearing; the synchronous gear ring is a ring-shaped ring with synchronous gear ring magnetic teeth on the end face. The number of synchronous gear ring magnetic teeth is the same as the number of synchronous magnetic teeth on the outer side of the driving plate, and the synchronous gear ring and the driven plate are cast as one piece; the synchronous coil, the driving plate, the synchronous magnetic teeth inside the driving plate, the synchronous magnetic teeth outside the driving plate, the synchronous gear ring and the driven plate constitute a synchronizer. When the synchronous coil is energized to achieve synchronization, the synchronous magnetic teeth outside the driving plate correspond to the magnetic teeth of the synchronous gear ring.
3. The normally open and normally closed electromagnetic synchronous dog clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable gear ring of the driven plate is in the shape of a circular ring, and the outer edge end face is provided with the movable gear ring of the driven plate engaging magnetic teeth, and the outer edge is provided with external splines. The movable gear ring of the driven plate is installed in the driven plate ring groove through the splines and can slide on it; the inner ring of the movable gear ring of the driven plate is in the shape of a circular ring, and the end face of the circular ring is opposite to the magnet; the movable gear ring of the driven plate is made of low carbon steel; the clutch coil, the active plate, the active plate engaging magnetic teeth, the movable gear ring of the driven plate and the driven plate constitute an electromagnetic tooth clutch. When the synchronization coil is energized to achieve synchronization, the engaging magnetic teeth of the movable gear ring of the driven plate are directly opposite to the engaging magnetic tooth groove of the active plate. The electromagnetic force generated by the energization of the clutch coil and the magnetic force of the magnet attract the movable gear ring of the driven plate to slide, and the engaging magnetic teeth of the movable gear ring of the driven plate enter the engaging magnetic tooth groove of the active plate to achieve engagement.
4. The normally open and normally closed electromagnetic synchronous dog clutch according to claim 1, wherein: The separation spring is sleeved on the driven disc hub, with one end pressing on the spring retaining ring fixed on the driven disc hub, and the other end pressing on the driven disc movable gear ring. The function of the separation spring is to keep the driven disc movable gear ring in the separation position.
5. The normally open and normally closed electromagnetic synchronous dog clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clutch coil and the synchronous coil are fixed on the end cover. The clutch coil and the synchronous coil are respectively placed in the annular cavity of the driving disk and a gap is left between the clutch coil and the synchronous coil.